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HỌC PHẦN:TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH MÁY
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MÃ SINH VIÊN: 69DCCK20108

LỚP: 69DCMX21

KHÓA: 69

GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN: NGÔ THỊ LAN HƯƠNG

HÀ NỘI, 6 - 2021

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 BULLDOZER
Concept, history, type of bulldozer, structure and
working principle
AN MẠNH QUÂN-69DCMX21

Along with the development of the country, today construction works are
developing rapidly and comprehensively in our country. We need to have extensive
infrastructure, effectively serving all activities. Socio-economic activities...Those
works have gone from being carried out mainly by hand, up to now, to a high degree
of mechanization to reduce human labor and bring economic efficiency. Before those
needs, it is required that we make reasonable choices for the necessary motorized
construction vehicles. In which bulldozer plays a very important role that can be said
to be indispensable in construction works.

Bulldozers are strong machines that mainly assist with pushing, digging,

excavating, and leveling materials like soil and debris at a work site. Bulldozers are
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widely used, because they are easily adapted to a wide range of jobs by using working
equipment that replaces transmissions and other moving parts. In which bulldozers are
much more productive than some other types of machines, in addition, bulldozers also
increase the level of mechanization significantly when used in different earthworks.

A bulldozer or dozer is a large, motorized machine that travels on continuous

tracks or large tires and is equipped with a metal blade to the front for pushing
material: soil, sand, snow, rubble, or rock during construction or conversion work.
When needed, a hook-like device (termed a ripper) can be mounted on the rear to
loosen dense materials.

1. A history of the bulldozer :

+ Early versions : The first bulldozers weren’t actually bulldozers, but adapted farm
tractors made by Holt. Tractors were so versatile in different terrains that the
technology actually contributed to the development on the armored tank in WWI. In
1923, two young men created the first designs that would one day become the modern-
day bulldozer. One was James Cummings, a young farmer, and the other was J. Earl
McLeod, a draftsman. They filed a patent for their design on December 18, 1923,
which was issued on January 6, 1925 under the title “Attachment for Tractors”. A
replica of the first bulldozer that they ever built is still on display in Morrowville,
Kansas, where the actual first bulldozer was built. Tracked vehicles were common by
the 1920s, and so were these tractor attachments once they caught on. There were, and
are, three different types of bulldozer blades. U-blades are the ones we conventionally
associate with bulldozers, and are used for pushing and carrying dirt, even over great
distances. Straight blades are used to knock dirt and rubble down and out of the way.
Finally, brush rakes are used to remove rocks and brush from the ground. All three of
these attachments were available for tractors as early as 1929. In the earliest versions
of these bulldozers, drivers sat atop the whole machine to maneuver it, as there was no
cabin to sit in.

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+ Modern bulldozers : Eventually, advances in technology and increasing need for
stronger machinery led to the rise of the powerful bulldozer that we know today.
Hydraulic cylinders provided extra down force, as opposed to just using the weight of
the blade itself. It was about this time that the whole machine was dubbed a bulldozer,
rather than just a tractor with attachments. Nowadays, we have trusted industry leaders
like Caterpillar leading the way to innovation. Other major players in bulldozer
construction include Komatsu, Case, Euclid, John Deere, and more.

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 2. Type of dozer : There are many different bulldozer types to choose from
depending on your specific project. The type of terrain you’re working on, your
project type, and other criteria are key factors to consider when selecting a bulldozer

+ Wheel dozer :

Like the name suggests, a wheel bulldozer has wheels instead of tracks. A wheel dozer
is an ideal choice for projects that require work in soft ground or sensitive surfaces,
because tires inflict less disturbance on a surface than a track typically does. A wheel
dozer is also a good choice for projects that require mobility and versatility. The wheel
dozer is generally bigger than a tracked dozer and it has articulated hydraulic steering
and moves on a smaller axis. 

+ Crawler dozer :

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The crawler dozer is the most common dozer, recognized by its tracks and the ripper at
the back. Because the crawler (or track bulldozer) has tracks, it is well suited for
terrain that requires traction (like muddy or slippery surfaces). Crawler dozers can
range in size from machines with 75 horsepower that are less than 20,000 pounds and
those with 900 horsepower that weigh almost 240,000 pounds.

+ Mini bulldozer :

The mini bulldozer (also called a compact bulldozer) is ideal for narrow areas or small
lots, like driveways. Similar to the mini excavator, the mini bulldozer is smaller than a
standard-sized bulldozer. 

3. Structure and working principle of bulldozer :

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+ Structure :

* Basic parts and functions of bulldozer :

1. Blade – For Pushing Material 9. Cutting Edge – Flatten Ground

2. Lift Cylinders – Moving Blade 10. End Bit – shoveling Material

3. Roller – Retaining Main Frame

4. Ripper – scraper

5. Sprocket – Moving Track

6. Main Frame – Carrier flow Roller

7. Straight Frame – Stand Trunk Blade

8. Track – As the wheel for the dozer

* Primary tools of bulldozers and its functions :

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Rippers :

A ripper is the extended attachment located at the rear of the bulldozer that resembles a
claw. Rippers are used to break up land to allow agriculture to grow or break down
rock and earth to be moved. You can find both single-shank rippers and multi-shank
rippers depending on your project needs.

Final Drive :

A bulldozer's final drive are likely the most used and most replaced part on a
bulldozer. Modern final drives distribute the load over multiple gear teeth and lifts the
drive motor away from suspension.

Cab :

The bulldozer’s cab is an important part of this machine since it’s where the operator
controls this machine. There are different features for some cabs that increase both its
level of comfort and safety. You should check to see if your cab reduces sound and
absorb impact while you're moving around the work site. These are crucial since
operators can spend hours at a time inside the cab.

Tracks/Tires :

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Tracks and tires greatly impact a bulldozer’s mobility. Tracks are great for navigating
hard, uneven terrain while tires are better suited for soft ground. You may also want to
consider tires if you're working in a sensitive area that you don't want to damage.

Engine :

Bulldozers generally require high-powered engines since they move lots of heavy
materials around the work site. There are different types of engines that fulfill different
needs. For example, some newer engines fewer emissions compared to older engines
to comply with certain EPA requirements.

Push Frame :

The push frame is essential when positioning materials for different tasks. This
bulldozer part is responsible for moving the blade.

Bulldozer Blades :

The blade is the heavy metal plate located at the front of the bulldozer that is used to
push and dig through materials. Like we mentioned earlier, different types of blades
are better suited for specific projects.

+ Working principle of bulldozer :

The working principle of bulldozers is based on the transmission system. Bulldozers

use mechanical transmission or hydraulic mechanical transmission system with
hydraulic torque converter, and a few use hydraulic transmission system. Among
them, the crawler bulldozer is mainly composed of engine, transmission system,
working device, electrical part, cab and hood. Among them, the mechanical and
hydraulic transmission system includes hydraulic torque converter, coupling assembly,
planetary gear type power shift transmission, central transmission, steering clutch and
brake, final drive and walking system.

The power output is driven by gear transmission and spline connection to drive the
working pump in the hydraulic system of the working device, the variable speed pump
of the variable torque hydraulic system, and the steering pump of the steering brake
hydraulic system; the sprocket represents the final drive of the secondary spur gear
transmission Mechanism (including left and right final drive assembly); track shoe
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includes the walking system including track assembly, trolley frame and suspension
assembly.

4. Common applications of bulldozers :

+ Earthmoving : The most common use for a bulldozer is moving large amounts of
earth and soil. The bulldozer can push piles of material in front of it using its blade,
which saves workers the trouble of using a backhoe to lift everything and put it down
somewhere else. Bulldozers are sometimes used in conjunction with backhoes and
other digging machines. The backhoe lifts material out of an excavation and sets it on
the ground, and the bulldozer pushes it away to another location.

+ Roadbuilding : Bulldozers are a primary tool used in the building of roads. When a
road is built, the topsoil needs to be removed because it is full of moisture and organic
material, and the road will be unstable if it is built on top of the topsoil. A bulldozer
pushes away the topsoil, creating an opening for the road that can then be filled with
gravel and clean fill. Bulldozers are also used to smooth the fill that is used to build the
road.

+ Construction : Bulldozers can be used for many different purposes in the process of
construction. Large construction projects require extensive preliminary site work, and
much of this is done by bulldozers. Bulldozers can strip off surface vegetation in
preparation for the digging of foundation holes, and can move materials such as
gravel, fill and topsoil from place to place. Bulldozers can also push waste, brush and
other materials into one location for burning or disposal.

+ Demolition : The act of destroying and removing old and derelict properties usually
involves the use of a bulldozer. A large bulldozer can knock a house over, saving the
trouble of having to deconstruct it piece by piece. Bulldozers that are used in this kind
of work are equipped with a sturdy cab over the driver's seat to prevent injury. Once a
bulldozer has knocked down an old structure, the bulldozer can then be used to push
all of the debris into a single pile and clean up the surrounding area.

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