Seed Germination Experiment Revised Final Copy 2

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Seed Germination Experiment
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BIO_1500_2009_004 – Homework Lab Report
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Teacher: Dr. Madelyn Tucker rs e
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TA: Hilary Emenheiser
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Student Name: Abdulaziz Alateeby

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October 27, 2020 – Tuesday

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This study source was downloaded by 100000805435390 from CourseHero.com on 08-06-2021 08:52:21 GMT -05:00
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Seed Germination Experiment
1. Introduction
Seed germination are temperature, light, water, and scarification, the latter of which can be
brought about by means of bacterial action, stomach acid, freezing, or fire. Usually, seeds
germinate while under the surface of the soil. Although soil is the best environment for roots,
shoots are poorly designed for abrasive soil conditions. Germination is the technique of which a
plant or fungus emerges from its seed or spore. Fortunately, nature has furnished several
mechanisms for protecting the younger shoot for the duration of its emergence from the soil
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(Pendarvis, 2018, pg408-409). A simple example of how different seeds need different light (or
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no light) is made available in a study in the International Journal of Plant Sciences, the
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germination of seeds of Rumex crispus, Datura Stramonium, and Phoradendron flavescens were
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found to benefit from various intensity light exposures. Contrastingly, the germination of seeds
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of Datura Stramonium was hindered by light (Gardner, 1921).

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All seeds need water, oxygen, and suited temperature in order to germinate. Some seeds
require moderate sunlight for optimal germination. Although germination is a method

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characterized with the aid of several stages, it is frequently defined as the emergence of the
radicle via the seed coat (Raven, 2020, pg887-889). Some germinate higher in full mild sunlight
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while others require darkness to germinate (The Great Plant Escape).

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According to the article Temperature and seed germination published in the National Library
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of Medicine Temperature can affect the percentage and rate of germination. What is well known
is Seeds continuously deteriorate overtime until they die unless they are germinated. Their
lifespan as a non-germinated seed depends on moisture content and temperature. Most seeds are
initially dormant and stay that way for a long time if there is optimal moisture, and temperature.
These hydrated seeds are preferring of warmer than 55 degrees Celsius to stay dormant or even
germinate. Small dormant hydrated seeds benefit most from alternating temperatures especially
in the range of (-1) to 15 degrees Celsius (Roberts, 1988).
For germination to take occurrence sure external factors are needed. Water need to be
available for the seed to hydrate the dry tissues to prompt the seed's metabolism. Oxygen must
additionally be available for the mobile phone to perform cardio cellular respiration. The
surroundings the seed is germinating in should be in suitable temperatures. I hypothesize that the
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seeds will germinate quicker, and more seeds will germinate at various specific temperature
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ranges, preferring warmer than 16 degrees Celsius temperatures rather than colder. I also
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hypothesize that most of the plants will germinate best with sunlight.
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2. Methods
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The following is based on the lab manual (Pendarvis, 2018, pg408-409).
1. Seeds A, B, and C were first placed in low heat (16° C) and full light (3 bulbs). With
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the water amount per day for 5 days varying from 0, 20, 40, …, 100 mL. Measuring
the total number of germinating seeds for each type.

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2. Seeds A, B, and C were first placed in 60 mL of water per day and full light (3 bulbs).
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With the temperature for 5 days varying from 8, 16, 24, to 32° C. Measuring the total
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number of germinating seeds for each type.
3. Seeds A, B, and C were first placed in low heat (16° C) and 60 mL of water per day.
With the light amount for 5 days varying from 0, 1, 2, up to 3 bulbs. Measuring the
total number of germinating seeds for each type.
In summary, Three trays with soil with three different kinds of seeds, we change the
amount of water, light, and heat for every experiment, and it took 5 days for every session then
we collect our data and it is discussed in the results part of the paper.
3. Results
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Figure 1 X-axis = Water; Y-axis = Seed Sprouts

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As figure 1 on the chart describes how the amount of water played a big role in changing
the number of germinating seeds for the different kind of seeds. As we can see seed A gets
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maximum sprouts, 18 sprouts, at 60 mL of water per day and seeds B & C got the maximum
sprouts, 15 sprouts each, in 80 mL of water per day.
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Figure 2 X-axis = Heat; Y-axis = Seed Sprouts

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As figure 2 on the bar graphs shows seed A grew the greatest number of sprouts at 16
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degrees Celsius, seed B showed the more heat added (temperature) the greater number of sprouts
will be yielded. Moreover, seed C at low temperature yielded an outcome of zero sprouts, and
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seed C germinated best at the optimal temperature of 24 degrees Celsius.
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Figure 3 X-axis = Light; Y-axis = Seed Sprouts
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As figure 3 on the bar graphs explains that seed A & B will produce the same number of
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sprouts in a different amounts of light which shows that seed A & B do not depend on light, or at
least not greatly in these ranges, however they were affected by heat and water. Furthermore,
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seed C shows that most dependence on light or by assumption sunlight. As we see on the bar
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chart when the light was off the seeds didn't germinate at all (0 sprouts). The brighter cases is
where the more sprouts grew, with the optimal number of sprouts at the maximum light in this
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experiment (3 bulbs).
4. Discussion
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The environment affects the germination as seen in the results, which show the changing
of light, heat (temperature), and water per day changed the outcome for each seed type with in
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some cases with the changing of these variables no germinating of a particular seed type
occurring at all. Seed type C did not have any seeds sprout without light (0 bulbs) and seed B &
C sprouted the same number of seeds regardless of the changes in light that were tested. From
figure 1 It’s observed that less seeds germinate into sprouts for both below the optimal water per
day, and above the optimal water per day for all 3 seeds. From figure 2 No upper boundary of
temperature was observed for B which means it may produce more sprouts on even higher
temperatures. So every seed needs particular conditions unique to other seeds, as some seeds
don't need those conditions to grow optimally, and may in fact grow independently of that factor.
Seed C showed direct proportionality in seeds germinated as the intensity of light increased.
Light is used for the photosynthesis which produces energy and this energy is needed it for plant
growth. Due to the interaction with light, seed C may have chlorophyll present and be using
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photosynthesis for energy for growth. Seed C may be reliant on sunlight for different reasons.
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Overall, the trend that was seen in all their seeds is when heat and water increased from 0
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experimentally and the other variables were helped constant all three seeds showed increased
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germination to a point, and seed C is the most light-dependent and showed minimum growth at 0
bulbs level of light. From figure 3 No upper boundary was found for Seed C, so it may have even
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more germinating seeds in even higher levels of light. We also cannot say that seed A, and B are
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completely independent of light levels as we have only measured a limited number of light levels
in this experiment. The optimum heat temperature was 24 for seed C, as after we increased the
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heat more than 24 the less seeds germinated and the optimum water for C was 80 mL as after we
increased the water more than 80 mL less seeds germinated. Based on the results it is now
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reasonable to conclude that seed A & B can be found in hot, humid, and all kinds of light areas,
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while seed C can be found in hot, humid, and high sunlight intensity areas.
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My hypothesis is supported by the seeds A, B, C germinating most at warmer
temperatures at or above 16 degrees Celsius. There are still many variables we can test for a
different type of effect on the number of seeds germinated or the extent and speed at which they
germinate. In future experiments, we can build on this experiment with even higher light
intensities, and different water and temperature parameters to test the boundaries of ones we
could not reach with 100 mL max, or with only 8-32 degrees Celsius. We can also try other
changes such as use of fertilizers in the soil for germination, varying of soil acidity, and even
alternating temperatures instead of a static one. They may help procure what are the worst
conditions that can still support a seeds germination. There were no human errors as it was
conducted digitally.
5. References:
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The Great Plant Escape, (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2020, from
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https://web.extension.illinois.edu/gpe/case3/c3facts3.html
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Pendarvis, Murray P., and John L. Crawley. Exploring Biology in the Laboratory. Page 408-409,
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Third edition ed., Morton Publishing, 2018.

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Raven, P. , and Johnson, G. , and Manson, K. , and Losos, J., and Duncan, T. Biology. Page 887-
889, 12th edition ed., Mc Graw Hill Publishing, 2020.

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Roberts EH. Temperature and seed germination. Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1988;42:109-32.
PMID: 3077854. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3077854/#:~:text=Temperature%20can

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%20affect%20the%20percentage%20and%20rate%20of,deterioration%20depends%20mainly
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%20on%20moisture%20content%20and%20temperature.
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Gardner, W. A. (1921). Effect of Light on Germination of Light-Sensitive Seeds [Abstract].
Botanical Gazette, 71(4), 249-288. doi:10.1086/332836
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/332836
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Student Name: Abdulaziz Alateeby

October 27, 2020 – Tuesday

of Datura Stramonium was hindered by light (Gardner, 1921).

require moderate sunlight for optimal germination. Although germination is a method

while others require darkness to germinate (The Great Plant Escape).

in the range of (-1) to 15 degrees Celsius (Roberts, 1988).

The following is based on the lab manual (Pendarvis, 2018, pg408-409).

the total number of germinating seeds for each type.

number of germinating seeds for each type.

total number of germinating seeds for each type.

Figure 1 X-axis = Water; Y-axis = Seed Sprouts

sprouts, 15 sprouts each, in 80 mL of water per day.

Figure 2 X-axis = Heat; Y-axis = Seed Sprouts

seed C germinated best at the optimal temperature of 24 degrees Celsius.

My hypothesis is supported by the seeds A, B, C germinating most at warmer

Third edition ed., Morton Publishing, 2018.

889, 12th edition ed., Mc Graw Hill Publishing, 2020.

PMID: 3077854. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3077854/#:~:text=Temperature%20can

Gardner, W. A. (1921). Effect of Light on Germination of Light-Sensitive Seeds [Abstract].

Botanical Gazette, 71(4), 249-288. doi:10.1086/332836

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