CHAPTER 5 :-

CELL CYCLE

SHORT QUESTIONS

1. Define cell cycle ?

Ans. A cell cycle is a series of events from the time a cell is produced until it has produced
daughter cells .
The major phases of the cell cycle are ;
1) Interphase
2) Metaphase
2. Define Interphase ?
Ans. Interphase is the starting phase of the cell cycle in which cell performs various functions
.Interphase has three main sub - phases ;
1) G1 Phase ( Before DNA Synthesis )
2) S Phase (Synthetic phase )
3) G2 Phase (Production of spindle fibres )
3. What are the changes that occur in the cell during G1 Phase ?
Ans. Events :-
1) The cell increases protein production .
2) The cell increases the number of many of its organelles, such as mitochondria &
ribosomes .
3) The cell grows in size.
4) In the end, there is an increased activity of enzymes
4. Describe S Phase ?
Ans. It is the synthetic phase .Following G1 Phase is the sub phase S, in which DNA synthesis
actually occurs. At the beginning of the S Phase, each chromosome is single. At the end of this
phase after DNA replication , each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.
5. Describe G2 Phase ?
Ans. It is the last sub phase before cell division . In this phase increased protein synthesis occurs
for the production of spindle fibres.
6. What is G0 Phase ?
Ans. Cells that have stopped dividing are in G0 Phase. In multicellular eukaryotes, cells enter G0
Phase from G1.
 Some cells of liver & kidneys enter the G0 Phase temporarily.
 While neurons remain in G0 Phase for indefinite period .
 Other cells, such as epithelial cells do not enter G0 Phase .
7. What is difference between somatic & germ line cells ?
Somatic Cells :-
 Somatic cells are those which forms the body of organisms.
 Somatic cells divides by mitosis.
Germ line cells :-
 Germ line cells are those which give rise to gametes.
 They divides by meiosis.
8. Define Mitosis. Write it’s phases ?
Ans. Definition :- “ The division of the cell in such a manner that the chromosomes number
remains same in the daughter cells as in the parent cell.
Phases Of Mitosis :-
Mitosis is divided into two major phases ; Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis .
1) Karyokinesis :- Karyokinesis is studied in four stages, but actually it is a continuous process ;
1. Prophase , 2. Metaphase, 3. Anaphase , 4. Telophase
2) Cytokinesis :-The division of cytoplasm is known as cytokinesis .

NOTE :- Remember all phases of mitosis , any of its phase can come in test ..Example
Question
 Explain Prophase Of Mitosis?

9. Write the significance of mitosis?

Ans. Learn all significance from book ..
10. What is difference between cytokinesis in plant cell & in animal cell ?
Ans. Go to heading of cytokinesis and go to 2 line . Start learning from 3 sentence of heading till
last.
11. Write errors in mitosis ?
Ans. Learn all paragraph of error in mitosis from book .
12. Compare mitosis in animal cell & plant cell ?
Ans. Learn All table 5.1 from book
13. malignant tumour & benign tumour & metastasis ?
Ans. See paragraph of errors in mitosis .
14. Define meiosis & write it’s phases ?
Ans. Do 5.3 & 5.3.1 from book .
15. Write significance of meiosis ?
Ans. Do 5.3.2
16. Compare mitosis and meiosis ?
Ans. Memorize 5 points from table 5.2 .
17. Write errors in meiosis ?
Ans. Memorize complete paragraph of errors in meiosis .
18. Explain Necrosis & Apoptosis ?
19. Define blebs ?
Note :- For the above two questions see 5.4 ...