KIET/EN/EMEC-1st /01

PRACTICAL MANUAL

Electrical Machine –I Lab

To Obtain Magnetization Characteristic of D.C. Shunt

Generator.

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Experiment No. – 1

Object: -

To obtain magnetization characteristic of a D.C. shunt generator.

Equipment Required: -

S. No Equipments Type Specification/Range/Rating Quantity

1. Ammeter MC 0-2 Amp DC 1 No.
2. Voltmeter MC 0-300 V DC 1 No.
3. Rheostat 272 Ω, 1.7 A 2 No.
4. Tachometer Digital 0-2000 r.p.m. 1 No.
5. D.C. Motor, Shunt 5 HP, 1500 r.p.m., 16.7 A, 220 Volt 1 No.
6. D.C. Generator Shunt 3 KW, 1500 r.p.m., 13 A, 220 Volt 1 No.
DC

Theory: -

The e.m.f. generated in the armature winding of a d.c. generator under no load
operation is given by –
Eg = (PφNZ)/ 60 A
Eg = Generated e.m.f
P = No. of poles
Φ = Flux per pole
N = speed in r.p.m.
Z = Total no. of conductors in the armature
A = No. of parallel paths

Hence, at constant speed, no load e.m.f. Eg is directly proportional to the flux per pole φ,
which depends upon the field current I f. The characteristic showing the relationship
between field current If, and the generated e.m.f. Eg, at no load and at a constant speed is
known as ‘Magnetization characteristic’ or open circuit characteristic (O.C.C.) of d.c.
Generator. A small e.m.f. hardly of the order of 10-15 V is generated, even when the field
current is zero, which is due to the residual magnetism in the poles. Critical resistance
of the field can be obtained by drawing a tangent to the initial portion of the
magnetization characteristic, the slope of which gives the critical resistance, as shown in
fig:1.

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Circuit diagram: -

Procedure: -

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1.

2. Ensure that the resistance in the field circuit of motor is reduced to zero value.
3. Set the potential divider feeding the field circuit of the generator for zero input
voltage.
4. Adjust the motor speed using field rheostat.
5. Record the generated e.m.f. due to residual magnetism.
6. Switch on the d.c. supply across the field circuit of the generator.
7. Vary the field current of generator in steps and record its value and the
corresponding generated e.m.f. of the generator. Observations should be taken up
to the generated voltage 25% higher that the rated voltage of the generator.
8. Switch-off the d.c. supply to stop the motor.

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Observations Table: -

S. No. Field current If (A) Generated e.m.f. Eg(Volts)

Result: - The output voltage corresponding to different excitation currents of the

generator are obtained and tabulated above. The variation of output voltage with respect
to excitation current is also plotted and attached

Precaution:-

1. All connections should be tight and clean.

2. The instruments and rheostats used should be of proper ratings.
3. If the dc shunt generator fails to build up voltage due to absence of the residual
magnetism, the generator should be run as a separately excited generator for some
time and then this experiment should be performed.
4. While performing experiment, the instrument readings should not exceed the
ratings of the machine under test.
5. During this experiment ensure that the speed of the prime mover does not fall
down beyond 10% of the rated value or no load value.

Viva Questions:-

1. How is the voltage build-up of dc generator affected by the variation of speed of the
prime-mover?
2. What does the name-plate of dc generator generally indicates?
3. What is the most essential condition for voltage build-up for a dc shunt generator?
4. What are the different types of self-excited dc generators?
5. Why brush drop is taken as constant?

Industrial application:-

The magnetization characteristics are used to find the value of excitation current required
to generate a particular voltage.

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