UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL CARIBE

ECUACIONES DIFERENCILES

TALLER
EJERCICIOS 4.3

PROFESOR FREDDY MOLINA VILLA

MARLON MANGA
HUGO ROBLES
ANDRES VALENCIA
AZAZEL GARCIA

BARRANQUILLA, OCTUBRE DEL 2020

1) 4𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 0
4𝑚2 + 𝑚 = 0
a = 4; b = 1 ; c = 0
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 12 − 4 ∗ 4 ∗ 0 = 1 > 0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑚(4𝑚 + 1) = 0
𝑚 = 0 ; 4𝑚 + 1 = 0
1
𝑚1 = 0 ; 𝑚2 = −
4
1
Y=𝑦 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −4𝑥

2) 𝑦′′ − 36𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 − 36 = 0
𝑎 = 1 ; 𝑏 = 0 ; 𝑐 = − 36
02 − 4 ∗ 1(−36) = 144 > 0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
(𝑚 + 6)(𝑚 − 6) = 0
𝑚 + 6 = 0 ;𝑚 − 6 = 0
𝑚1 = −6 ; 𝑚2 = 6
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −6𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 6𝑥

3) 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 6 = 0
𝑎 = 1; 𝑏 = −1 ; 𝑐 = −6
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−1)2 − 4 ∗ 1(−6) = 1 + 24 = 25 > 0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
(𝑚 − 3)(𝑚 + 1) = 0
𝑚 − 3 = 0 ;𝑚 + 1 = 0
𝑚1 = 3 ; 𝑚2 = −1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥

4) 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 − 3𝑚 + 2 = 0
(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚 − 1) = 0
𝑚 − 2 = 0 ;𝑚 − 1 = 0
𝑚1 = 2 ; 𝑚2 = 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑥

5) 𝑦 ′′ + 8𝑦 ′ + 16𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 + 8𝑚 + 16 = 0
(𝑚 + 4)2 = 0
𝑚+4=0
𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = −4
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −4𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒 −4𝑥

6) 𝑦 ′′ − 10𝑦 ′ + 25𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 − 10𝑚 + 25 = 0
(𝑚 − 5)2 = 0
𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 5
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 5𝑥

7) 12𝑦 ′′ − 5𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0
12𝑚2 − 5𝑚 − 2 = 0
𝑎 = 12; 𝑏 = −5; 𝑐 = 2

−(−5) ± √(−5)2 − 4 ∗ 12(−2) 5 ± √121

𝑚= =
2 ∗ 12 24
5 + 11 2 −6 1
𝑚1 = = ; 𝑚2 = =−
24 3 24 4
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥/3 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥/4

8) 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 + 4𝑚 − 1
𝑎 = 1; 𝑏 = 4; 𝑐 = −1

−4 ± √(4)2 − 4 ∗ 1(−1)
𝑚=
2(1)

−4 + √(4)2 − 4 ∗ 1(−1)
𝑚1 = = −2 + √5 = 0.23
2(1)
−4 − √(4)2 − 4 ∗ 1(−1)
𝑚2 = = −2 − √5 = −4.23
2(1)
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 (−2+√5)𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 (−2−√5)𝑥

9) 𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 + 9 = 0
𝑚2 = −9
𝑚 = ±√9 = ±√−1 ∗ 9 = ±√−1√9 = ±3𝑖
𝑚1 = 3𝑖 ; 𝑚2 = −3𝑖
𝑚 = ∞ ± 𝛽𝑖 ; ∞ = 0; 𝛽 = 3
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 ∞𝑥 (𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛽𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥

10) 3𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 0
3𝑚2 + 1 = 0
3𝑚2 = −1
1
𝑚2 = −
3

1 𝑖
𝑚 = ±√− = ±
3 √3
𝑖
𝑚1 = +
√3
𝑖
𝑚2 = −
√3
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑚1𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑚2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 ∞𝑥 (𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛽𝑥?
𝑖
∞ = 0; 𝑚 = ; 𝑚 = ∞ ± 𝛽𝑖
√3
𝑖 𝑖
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
√3 √3