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STEEL MEMBER ANALYSIS & DESIGN (AISC 360)

In accordance with AISC360 15th Edition published 2016 using the ASD method
Tedds calculation version 4.4.08

ANALYSIS
Tedds calculation version 1.0.36

Geometry
Geometry (ft) - Steel (AISC)
4 8
4.125
7
Beam 4
Column 2

2.062

2.062
10
3

3 4.125 7
6
Beam 3
1.938

1.938

Column 3
2

9
11 9
6
7.7
Column Column 1

2 4.125 6
5
1

Beam 2
2.583

2.583
1

Z
1 5
4.125
X
4
Beam 1

Loading
Self weight included

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Dead

Wind

Load combination

1.0D (Strength) 1.00 1.00

1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) 1.00 1.00 0.60
Member Loads
Member Load case Load Type Orientation Description
Beam 1 Dead UDL GlobalZ 0.1 kips/ft
Beam 2 Dead UDL GlobalZ 0.1 kips/ft
Beam 3 Dead UDL GlobalZ 0.1 kips/ft
Beam 3 Wind UDL GlobalZ 0.06 kips/ft
Beam 2 Wind UDL GlobalZ 0.06 kips/ft
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Member Load case Load Type Orientation Description

Beam 1 Wind UDL GlobalZ 0.06 kips/ft
Beam 4 Wind UDL GlobalZ 0.06 kips/ft

Results
Total deflection
1.0D (Strength) - Total deflection
4 8

3 7

2 6

1 5
X

Member results
Load combination: 1.0D (Strength)
Member Deflection Axial deflection
Pos Max Pos Min Pos Max Pos Min
(ft) (in) (ft) (in) (ft) (in) (ft) (in)
Beam 2 0 0.009 4.13 0 0 -0.001 4.13 -0.001
Column 1 0.85 0.001 3.63 -0.001 0 -0.008 4.52 -0.009
Beam 1 0.92 0.009 4.13 0 0 0 4.13 0
Beam 3 0.71 0.009 4.13 0 0 -0.001 4.13 -0.001
Beam 4 0 0.009 4.02 0 4.13 0 0 0
Column 2 2.06 0.001 0.43 0 2.06 0.009 0 0.009
Column 3 6.58 0 3.68 -0.001 0 0 6.58 0
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1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) - Total deflection

4 8

3 7

2 6

1 5
X

Member results
Load combination: 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)
Member Deflection Axial deflection
Pos Max Pos Min Pos Max Pos Min
(ft) (in) (ft) (in) (ft) (in) (ft) (in)
Beam 2 0 0.012 4.13 0 0 -0.001 4.13 -0.001
Column 1 0.9 0.001 3.61 -0.002 0 -0.011 4.52 -0.012
Beam 1 0.9 0.012 4.13 0 0 0 4.13 0
Beam 3 0.66 0.012 4.13 0 0 -0.001 4.13 -0.001
Beam 4 0 0.012 4.11 0 4.13 0 0 0
Column 2 2.06 0.001 0.33 0 0 0.012 2.06 0.012
Column 3 6.58 0 3.66 -0.001 0 0 6.58 0
Total base reactions
Load case/combination Force
FX FZ
(kips) (kips)
1.0D (Strength) 0 1.712
1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) 0 2.257
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Reactions
Self Weight - Local node reactions - Node: (Horiz (kips), Vert (kips), Mom (kips_ft))
4 8: (0.093,0,0)

Beam 4

Column 2 3 7

Beam 3

Column 3
Column Column 1

2 6
1

Beam 2

1 5: (-0.093,0.475,0)

Beam 1

Load case: Self Weight

Node Force Moment
Fx Fz My
(kips) (kips) (kip_ft)
5 -0.093 0.475 0
8 0.093 0 0
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Dead - Local node reactions - Node: (Horiz (kips), Vert (kips), Mom (kips_ft))
4 8: (0.388,0,0)

Beam 4

Column 2
3 7

Beam 3

Column 3
Column Column 1

2 6
1

Beam 2

1 5: (-0.388,1.238,0)

Beam 1

Load case: Dead

Node Force Moment
Fx Fz My
(kips) (kips) (kip_ft)
5 -0.388 1.238 0
8 0.388 0 0
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Wind - Local node reactions - Node: (Horiz (kips), Vert (kips), Mom (kips_ft))
4 8: (0.284,0,0)

Beam 4

Column 2
3 7

Beam 3

Column 3
Column Column 1

2 6
1

Beam 2

1 5: (-0.284,0.908,0)

Beam 1

Load case: Wind

Node Force Moment
Fx Fz My
(kips) (kips) (kip_ft)
5 -0.284 0.908 0
8 0.284 0 0
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1.0D (Strength) - Local node reactions - Node: (Horiz (kips), Vert (kips), Mom (kips_ft))
4 8: (0.481,0,0)

Beam 4

Column 2
3 7

Beam 3

Column 3
Column Column 1

2 6
1

Beam 2

1 5: (-0.481,1.712,0)

Beam 1

Load combination: 1.0D (Strength)

Node Force Moment
Fx Fz My
(kips) (kips) (kip_ft)
5 -0.481 1.712 0
8 0.481 0 0
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1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) - Local node reactions - Node: (Horiz (kips), Vert (kips), Mom (kips_ft))
4 8: (0.652,0,0)

Beam 4

Column 2
3 7

Beam 3

Column 3
Column Column 1

2 6
1

Beam 2

1 5: (-0.652,2.257,0)

Beam 1

Load combination: 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Node Force Moment
Fx Fz My
(kips) (kips) (kip_ft)
5 -0.652 2.257 0
8 0.652 0 0
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Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kip_ft)
-0.2
-0.1
0.1 0.2

-0.4
-0.3
0 0.1
0.1

-0.7
0

-0.1 -0.3
0.1 0.4
0.2

-0.3
0 -0.3
0.1

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kips)

0 0
0 0
-0.1

0.2
0.2
0.2

-0.4

0.1
0 0.2
0 0.2

-0.6

0.2
0 0.3
0 0.2

-0.4
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Strength combinations - Axial force envelope (kips)

00 0.5
-0.7

00 0.8
0.1
0 0.9

0.20 1.3
0
0.3 1.4

0.4
0.4 1.9
0.3

1.0D (Strength) - Moment (kip_ft)

-0.1
-0.1
0.1 0.1

-0.3
0 -0.2
00 0.1
0.1

-0.5
0

-0.1 -0.3
0.1
0 0.3
0.2

-0.2
00 -0.2
0.1
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1.0D (Strength) - Shear (kips)

0 0 0.2
0
-0.1

0.2
0 0 0.2
0.2

-0.3

0.1
00 0.2
0.2

-0.4

0.2
0 0.2

-0.3

1.0D (Strength) - Deflection (in)

00
00 0
0

0 0
00 0

0 0

0 0.2 0
0 0

0
0 0 0

Member results
Load combination: 1.0D (Strength)
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Member Shear force Moment

Pos Max abs Pos Max Pos Min
(ft) (kips) (ft) (kip_ft) (ft) (kip_ft)
Beam 2 4.13 -0.432 (max abs) 0.88 0.156 4.13 -0.544 (min)
Column 1 2.58 0.024 2.58 0.036 2.58 -0.068
Beam 1 4.13 -0.267 1.57 0.098 4.13 -0.242
Beam 3 4.13 -0.289 1.41 0.106 4.13 -0.287
Beam 4 4.13 -0.056 0 0.079 4.13 -0.113
Column 2 0 0.049 2.06 0.021 0 -0.079
Column 3 0 0.201 2.58 0.278 (max) 2.58 -0.266
Load combination: 1.0D (Strength)
Member Deflection
Pos Max Pos Min
(ft) (in) (ft) (in)
Beam 2 0 0.009 4.13 0
Column 1 0.85 0.001 3.63 -0.001 (min)
Beam 1 0.92 0.009 (max) 4.13 0
Beam 3 0.71 0.009 4.13 0
Beam 4 0 0.009 4.02 0
Column 2 2.06 0.001 0.43 0
Column 3 6.58 0 3.68 -0.001
1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) - Moment (kip_ft)
-0.2
-0.1
0.1 0.2

-0.4
0 -0.3
00 0.1
0.1

-0.7
0

-0.1 -0.3
0.2
0.1 0.4
0.2

-0.3
00 -0.3
0.1
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1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) - Shear (kips)

0 0 0.2
0
-0.1

0.2
0 0 0.2

-0.4

0.1
00 0.3
0.2

-0.6

0.2
0 0.3

-0.4

1.0D + 0.6W (Strength) - Deflection (in)

0
00 0

0 0
00 0

0 0

0 0.2 0
0 0

0
00 0 0

Member results
Load combination: 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)
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Member Shear force Moment

Pos Max abs Pos Max Pos Min
(ft) (kips) (ft) (kip_ft) (ft) (kip_ft)
Beam 2 4.13 -0.555 (max abs) 0.78 0.206 4.13 -0.721 (min)
Column 1 2.58 0.042 2.58 0.054 2.58 -0.101
Beam 1 4.13 -0.353 1.56 0.13 4.13 -0.323
Beam 3 4.13 -0.38 1.4 0.138 4.13 -0.38
Beam 4 4.13 -0.144 0.3 0.077 4.13 -0.198
Column 2 0 0.046 2.06 0.019 0 -0.075
Column 3 0 0.269 2.58 0.372 (max) 2.58 -0.349
Load combination: 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)
Member Deflection
Pos Max Pos Min
(ft) (in) (ft) (in)
Beam 2 0 0.012 4.13 0
Column 1 0.9 0.001 3.61 -0.002 (min)
Beam 1 0.9 0.012 (max) 4.13 0
Beam 3 0.66 0.012 4.13 0
Beam 4 0 0.012 4.11 0
Column 2 2.06 0.001 0.33 0
Column 3 6.58 0 3.66 -0.001
;

Safety factors
Shear; v = 1.67
Flexure; b = 1.67
Tensile yielding; t,y = 1.67
Tensile rupture; t,r = 2.00
Compression; c = 1.67

Beam 2 design
Section details
Section type; 4 No.HSS 3-1/2x2-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; A500 Gr.B
Steel yield stress; Fy = 46 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 58 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
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HSS 3-1/2x2-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))

Section depth, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, bf, 2.5 in
Weight of section, Weight, 8.8 lbf/ft
3.5"

Section thickness, t, 0.233 in

0.23" Area of section, A, 2.4 in2
Radius of gyration about x-axis, rx, 1.25 in
Radius of gyration about y-axis, ry, 0.956 in
Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 2.17 in3
2.5"
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 1.78 in3
Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 2.74 in3
Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 2.16 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, Ix, 3.79 in4
Second moment of area about y-axis, Iy, 2.23 in4

Beam 2 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

Shear resistance (x-x) kips 86.3 0.6 0.006 PASS
Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 25.2 0.7 0.028 PASS
Compression resistance kips 241.9 0 0.000 PASS
Combined forces 0.028 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.125 0.009 0.069 PASS

Lateral restraint
Top flange has full lateral restraint
Bottom flange has lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 17)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 7.73
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 1.12  [E / Fy] = 28.12
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 19)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 2.42  [E / Fy] = 60.76
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 143.12; Compact
Section is compact in flexure
Classification of flanges in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 7.73
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rfc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Nonslender

Classification of web in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Nonslender
Section is nonslender in compression
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Check design at start of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm1_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 39.600
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 182.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.4 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  N  A = 404 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = Pn,fb,x = 404 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 241.9 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.000
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.1 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  N  Aw  Cv2 = 144.1 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 86.3 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.002
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.2 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  N  Zx = 42 kips_ft

Allowable flexural strength - F1

Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Mn,x = Mn,yld,x = 42 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 25.2 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.008
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.008
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PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 9.417in along span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm1_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 39.600
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 182.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.4 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  N  A = 404 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = Pn,fb,x = 404 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 241.9 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.000
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.2 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  N  Zx = 42 kips_ft

Allowable flexural strength - F1

Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Mn,x = Mn,yld,x = 42 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 25.2 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.008
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.008
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at end of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm1_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 39.600
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
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Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3

Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 182.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.4 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  N  A = 404 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = Pn,fb,x = 404 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 241.9 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.000
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.6 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  N  Aw  Cv2 = 144.1 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 86.3 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.006
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.7 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  N  Zx = 42 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13;
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 4.125 ft
Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 8.112 ft
Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 225.129 ft
Lb <= Lp - Lateral-torsional buckling does not apply
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x) = 42 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 25.2 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.028
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.028
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits
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Consider Combination 1 - 1.0D (Strength)

Check design at start of span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0.009 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Min(Lm1_s1 / 180, 0.125 in) = 0.125 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.069
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

Column 1 design
Section details
Section type; HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; User defined
Steel yield stress; Fy = 30 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 70 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
Section depth, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, b f, 1.5 in
Weight of section, Weight, 7.1 lbf/ft
Section thickness, t, 0.233 in
Area of section, A, 2 in2
Radius of gyration about x-axis, r x, 1.14 in
Radius of gyration about y-axis, r y, 0.569 in
Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 1.46 in3
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 0.851 in3
3.5"

Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 1.98 in3

Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 1.06 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, I x, 2.55 in 4
0.23" Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 0.638 in 4

1.5"

Column 1 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

Shear resistance (x-x) kips 14.1 0.1 0.006 PASS
Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 3 0.1 0.034 PASS
Compression resistance kips 23.8 0.5 0.021 PASS
Combined forces 0.044 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.151 0.002 0.010 PASS

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
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Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 17)

Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 1.12  [E / Fy] = 34.82
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 43.53; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 19)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 2.42  [E / Fy] = 75.24
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 177.22; Compact
Section is compact in flexure
Classification of flanges in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rfc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 43.53; Nonslender

Classification of web in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 43.53; Nonslender
Section is nonslender in compression

Check design at start of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0.5 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm2_s1 = 4.521 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.521 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 47.589
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm2_s1_seg1 = 4.521 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.521 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 95.346
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 126.4 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 27.2 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 53.5 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 31.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,y = [0.658Fy / Fe,y]  Fy = 20.1 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 39.7 kips
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Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 39.7 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 23.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.021
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.1 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 23.5 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.1 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.004
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.9 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13;
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 4.521 ft
Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 5.651 ft
Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 168.44 ft
Lb <= Lp - Lateral-torsional buckling does not apply
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x) = 4.9 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 3 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.034
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.044
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 2ft 6.996in along span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0.5 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm2_s1 = 4.521 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.521 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 47.589
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Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm2_s1_seg1 = 4.521 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.521 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 95.346
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 126.4 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 27.2 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 53.5 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 31.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,y = [0.658Fy / Fe,y]  Fy = 20.1 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 39.7 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 39.7 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 23.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.020
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.1 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 23.5 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.1 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.006
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.9 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.521 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12; Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 5.651 ft
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13; Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 168.44 ft
Lb <= Lp - Lateral-torsional buckling does not apply
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Allowable flexural strength - F1

Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x) = 4.9 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 3 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.034
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.044
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at end of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0.3 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm2_s1 = 4.521 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.521 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 47.589
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm2_s1_seg1 = 4.521 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.521 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 95.346
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 126.4 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 27.2 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 53.5 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 31.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,y = [0.658Fy / Fe,y]  Fy = 20.1 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 39.7 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 39.7 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 23.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.011
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.1 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
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Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000

Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1;
Safety factor;
Allowable shear strength;
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength;
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1;
Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 23.5 kips
v = 1.67
Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.1 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.006
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.9 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13;
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 4.521 ft
Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 5.651 ft
Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 168.44 ft
Lb <= Lp - Lateral-torsional buckling does not apply
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x) = 4.9 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 3 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.034
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.039
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at end of span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0.002 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Lm2_s1 / 360 = 0.151 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.01
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

Beam 1 design
Section details
Section type; CUT HSS3 1/2x2 1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; User defined
Steel yield stress; Fy = 46 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 58 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
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0.25"
CUT HSS 3 1/2x2 1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
Section height, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, b f, 1.25 in
Weight of section, Weight, 3.5 lbf/ft
Flange thickness, tf, 0.25 in
Web thickness, tw , 0.25 in
Root Radius, tf × 0.4, 0.1 in
Toe Radius, tf × 0.4, 0.1 in
Area of section, A, 1.4 in2
Radius of gyration about x-axis, r x, 1.27 in
3.5"

Radius of gyration about y-axis, r y, 0.352 in

Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 1.266 in 3
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 0.19 in 3
0.25" Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 1.24 in3
Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 0.364 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, I x, 2.216 in 4
0.25"

Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 0.171 in 4

1.25"

Beam 1 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

Shear resistance (x-x) kips 14.5 0.3 0.023 PASS
Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 2.8 0.3 0.105 PASS
Compression resistance kips 10.5 0.4 0.040 PASS
Combined forces 0.125 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.138 0.015 0.112 PASS

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 10)
Width to thickness ratio; bf / tf = 5.00
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 0.38  [E / Fy] = 9.54
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.0  [E / Fy] = 25.11; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 15)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 2  k) / tw = 8.50
Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 3.76  [E / Fy] = 94.41
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 143.12; Compact
Section is compact in flexure
Classification of flanges in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 1)
Width to thickness ratio; bf / tf = 5.00
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rfc = 0.56  [E / Fy] = 14.06; Nonslender

Classification of web in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 5)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 2  k) / tw = 8.50
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwc = 1.49  [E / Fy] = 37.41; Nonslender
Section is nonslender in compression
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Check design at start of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0.4 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm3_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 38.992
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm3_s1_seg1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 140.585
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 188.3 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 57.1 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 12.7 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 17.5 kips

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E4

Elastic torsional buckling stress - eq E4-7; Fe,z = (2  E  Cw / (Kz  Lb,z)2 + G  J) / (A  ro2) = 83.9 ksi
Unbraced length; Lb,z = Lm3_s1_seg1_R = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kz = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,z = Kz  Lb,z = 4.125 ft
Flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress - eq E4-3; Fe = (Fe,x + Fe,z) / (2  H)  [1 - (1 - 4  Fe,x  Fe,z  H / (Fe,x + Fe,z)2)] = 69.5
ksi
Flexural-torsional buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr = [0.658Fy / Fe]  Fy = 34.9 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for torsional and flexural-torsional buckling - eq E4-1;
Pn,ftb = Fcr  A = 47.9 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y, Pn,ftb) = 17.5 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 10.5 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.040
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.2 kips
Web area; Aw = d  tw = 0.875 in2
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Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5.34

Web shear coefficient - eq G2-3;
Nominal shear strength - eq G2-1;
Safety factor;
Allowable shear strength;
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength;
Yielding - Section F2.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F2-1;
(d - 2  k) / tw <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Cv1 = 1.000
Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv1 = 24.2 kips
v = 1.67
Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.5 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.016
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.8 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F2.2

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F2-5;
Distance between flange centroids;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F2-6;Lr = 1.95  rts  E / (0.7  Fy)  ((J  c / (Sx  ho)) + ((J  c / (Sx  ho))2 +
Moment at quarter point of segment;
Moment at center-line of segment;
Moment at three quarter point of segment;
Maximum moment in segment;
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1;
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F2-2
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 4.125 ft
Lp = 1.76  ry  (E / Fy) = 1.297 ft
ho = 2.73 in
c = ho / 2  (Iy / Cw) = 1.073
rts = 0.456 in
6.76  (0.7  Fy / E)2)) = 8.063 ft
MA = 0.1 kips_ft
MB = 0.1 kips_ft
MC = 0 kips_ft
Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft
Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.226
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
4.8 kips_ft
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 4.8 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 2.8 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.035
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.055
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 1ft 8.398in along span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0.4 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm3_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
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Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft

Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 38.992
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm3_s1_seg1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 140.585
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 188.3 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 57.1 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 12.7 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 17.5 kips

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E4

Elastic torsional buckling stress - eq E4-7; Fe,z = (2  E  Cw / (Kz  Lb,z)2 + G  J) / (A  ro2) = 83.9 ksi
Unbraced length; Lb,z = Lm3_s1_seg1_R = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kz = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,z = Kz  Lb,z = 4.125 ft
Flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress - eq E4-3; Fe = (Fe,x + Fe,z) / (2  H)  [1 - (1 - 4  Fe,x  Fe,z  H / (Fe,x + Fe,z)2)] = 69.5
ksi
Flexural-torsional buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr = [0.658Fy / Fe]  Fy = 34.9 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for torsional and flexural-torsional buckling - eq E4-1;
Pn,ftb = Fcr  A = 47.9 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y, Pn,ftb) = 17.5 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 10.5 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.040
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F2.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F2-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.8 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F2.2

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F2-5; Lp = 1.76  ry  (E / Fy) = 1.297 ft
Distance between flange centroids; ho = 2.73 in
c = ho / 2  (Iy / Cw) = 1.073
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rts = 0.456 in
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F2-6;Lr = 1.95  rts  E / (0.7  Fy)  ((J  c / (Sx  ho)) + ((J  c / (Sx  ho))2 +
6.76  (0.7  Fy / E)2)) = 8.063 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1; Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.226
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F2-2
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
4.8 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength; Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 4.8 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength; Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 2.8 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.035
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b; Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.055
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at end of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0.4 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm3_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 38.992
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm3_s1_seg1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 140.585
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 188.3 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 57.1 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 12.7 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
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Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 17.5 kips

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E4

Elastic torsional buckling stress - eq E4-7; Fe,z = (2  E  Cw / (Kz  Lb,z)2 + G  J) / (A  ro2) = 83.9 ksi
Unbraced length; Lb,z = Lm3_s1_seg1_R = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kz = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,z = Kz  Lb,z = 4.125 ft
Flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress - eq E4-3; Fe = (Fe,x + Fe,z) / (2  H)  [1 - (1 - 4  Fe,x  Fe,z  H / (Fe,x + Fe,z)2)] = 69.5
ksi
Flexural-torsional buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr = [0.658Fy / Fe]  Fy = 34.9 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for torsional and flexural-torsional buckling - eq E4-1;
Pn,ftb = Fcr  A = 47.9 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y, Pn,ftb) = 17.5 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 10.5 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.040
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.3 kips
Web area; Aw = d  tw = 0.875 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5.34
(d - 2  k) / tw <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-3; Cv1 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G2-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv1 = 24.2 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.5 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.023
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.3 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F2.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F2-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.8 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F2.2

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F2-5; Lp = 1.76  ry  (E / Fy) = 1.297 ft
Distance between flange centroids; ho = 2.73 in
c = ho / 2  (Iy / Cw) = 1.073
rts = 0.456 in
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F2-6;Lr = 1.95  rts  E / (0.7  Fy)  ((J  c / (Sx  ho)) + ((J  c / (Sx  ho))2 +
6.76  (0.7  Fy / E)2)) = 8.063 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
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Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft

LTB modification factor - eq F1-1;
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F2-2
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.226
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
4.8 kips_ft
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 4.8 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 2.8 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.105
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.125
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 8.593in along span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0.015 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Lm3_s1 / 360 = 0.138 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.112
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

Beam 3 design
Section details
Section type; HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; A500 Gr.B
Steel yield stress; Fy = 46 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 58 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
Section depth, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, b f, 1.5 in
Weight of section, Weight, 7.1 lbf/ft
Section thickness, t, 0.233 in
Area of section, A, 2 in2
Radius of gyration about x-axis, r x, 1.14 in
Radius of gyration about y-axis, r y, 0.569 in
Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 1.46 in3
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 0.851 in3
3.5"

Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 1.98 in3

Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 1.06 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, I x, 2.55 in 4
0.23" Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 0.638 in 4

1.5"

Beam 3 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

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Shear resistance (x-x) kips 21.6 0.4 0.016 PASS

Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 4.5 0.3 0.066 PASS
Tension resistance kips 54.3 0.1 0.002 PASS
Combined forces 0.067 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.138 0.016 0.117 PASS

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 17)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 1.12  [E / Fy] = 28.12
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 19)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 2.42  [E / Fy] = 60.76
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 143.12; Compact
Section is compact in flexure

Check design at start of span

Design of members for tension - Chapter D
Required tensile strength; Pr = 0.117 kips
Slenderness limitations - Section D1
Slenderness ratio;  = max(Lb,x / rx, Lb,y / ry) = 86.995
Tension member slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 300
Allowable tensile strength - D2
Nominal tensile yielding strength; Pn,yld = Fy  A = 90.62 kips
Nominal tensile rupture strength; Pn,r = Fu  Ae = 114.26 kips
Allowable tensile strength; Pc = min(Pn,yld / t,y, Pn,r / t,r) = 54.263 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.002
PASS - Nominal tensile strength exceeds required tensile strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.2 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 36 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 21.6 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.01
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PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength

Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 7.6 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12; Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13; Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1; Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.107
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F7-10
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
7.6 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength; Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength; Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.000
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b; Pr / (2  Pc) = 0.001
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 1ft 7.022in along span

Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.2 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 7.6 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12; Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13; Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1; Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.107
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F7-10
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
7.6 kips_ft
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Allowable flexural strength - F1

Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Elastic critical buckling stress;
Nominal flexural strength for combined check;
Allowable flexural strength for combined check;
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.044
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pey = 2  E  Iy / Lb2 = 74.5 kips
Mn,c,x = min(Mn,yld,x, (1 + 1.6  Pr / Pey)  Mn,ltb,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Mc,c,x = Mn,c,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,c,x = 0.045
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at end of span

Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.4 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 36 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 21.6 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.016
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.3 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 7.6 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12; Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13; Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1; Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.107
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F7-10
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
7.6 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength; Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength; Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
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Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.066

Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Elastic critical buckling stress;
Nominal flexural strength for combined check;
Allowable flexural strength for combined check;
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pey = 2  E  Iy / Lb2 = 74.5 kips
Mn,c,x = min(Mn,yld,x, (1 + 1.6  Pr / Pey)  Mn,ltb,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Mc,c,x = Mn,c,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,c,x = 0.067
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 9.404in along span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0.016 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Lm4_s1 / 360 = 0.138 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.117
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

Beam 4 design
Section details
Section type; CUT HSS3 1/2x2 1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; User defined
Steel yield stress; Fy = 46 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 58 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
0.25"

CUT HSS 3 1/2x2 1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))

Section height, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, b f, 1.25 in
Weight of section, Weight, 3.5 lbf/ft
Flange thickness, tf, 0.25 in
Web thickness, tw , 0.25 in
Root Radius, tf × 0.4, 0.1 in
Toe Radius, tf × 0.4, 0.1 in
Area of section, A, 1.4 in2
Radius of gyration about x-axis, r x, 1.27 in
3.5"

Radius of gyration about y-axis, r y, 0.352 in

Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 1.266 in 3
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 0.19 in 3
0.25" Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 1.24 in3
Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 0.364 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, I x, 2.216 in 4
0.25"

Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 0.171 in 4

1.25"

Beam 4 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

Shear resistance (x-x) kips 14.5 0.1 0.008 PASS
Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 2.8 0.1 0.035 PASS
Compression resistance kips 10.5 0 0.003 PASS
Combined forces 0.036 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.138 0.016 0.113 PASS
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Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 10)
Width to thickness ratio; bf / tf = 5.00
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 0.38  [E / Fy] = 9.54
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.0  [E / Fy] = 25.11; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 15)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 2  k) / tw = 8.50
Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 3.76  [E / Fy] = 94.41
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 143.12; Compact
Section is compact in flexure
Classification of flanges in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 1)
Width to thickness ratio; bf / tf = 5.00
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rfc = 0.56  [E / Fy] = 14.06; Nonslender

Classification of web in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 5)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 2  k) / tw = 8.50
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwc = 1.49  [E / Fy] = 37.41; Nonslender
Section is nonslender in compression

Check design at start of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm5_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 38.992
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm5_s1_seg1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 140.585
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 188.3 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 57.1 kips
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Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 12.7 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 17.5 kips

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E4

Elastic torsional buckling stress - eq E4-7; Fe,z = (2  E  Cw / (Kz  Lb,z)2 + G  J) / (A  ro2) = 83.9 ksi
Unbraced length; Lb,z = Lm5_s1_seg1_R = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kz = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,z = Kz  Lb,z = 4.125 ft
Flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress - eq E4-3; Fe = (Fe,x + Fe,z) / (2  H)  [1 - (1 - 4  Fe,x  Fe,z  H / (Fe,x + Fe,z)2)] = 69.5
ksi
Flexural-torsional buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr = [0.658Fy / Fe]  Fy = 34.9 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for torsional and flexural-torsional buckling - eq E4-1;
Pn,ftb = Fcr  A = 47.9 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y, Pn,ftb) = 17.5 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 10.5 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.003
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0 kips
Web area; Aw = d  tw = 0.875 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5.34
(d - 2  k) / tw <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-3; Cv1 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G2-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv1 = 24.2 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.5 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.002
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F2.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F2-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.8 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F2.2

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F2-5; Lp = 1.76  ry  (E / Fy) = 1.297 ft
Distance between flange centroids; ho = 2.73 in
c = ho / 2  (Iy / Cw) = 1.073
rts = 0.456 in
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F2-6;Lr = 1.95  rts  E / (0.7  Fy)  ((J  c / (Sx  ho)) + ((J  c / (Sx  ho))2 +
6.76  (0.7  Fy / E)2)) = 8.063 ft
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Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0 kips_ft

Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.1 kips_ft
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1; Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.530
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F2-2
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
4.8 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength; Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 4.8 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength; Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 2.8 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.000
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b; Pr / (2  Pc) = 0.001
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 10.963in along span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm5_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 38.992
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm5_s1_seg1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 140.585
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 188.3 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 57.1 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 12.7 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 17.5 kips

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E4

Elastic torsional buckling stress - eq E4-7; Fe,z = (2  E  Cw / (Kz  Lb,z)2 + G  J) / (A  ro2) = 83.9 ksi
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Unbraced length; Lb,z = Lm5_s1_seg1_R = 4.125 ft

Effective length factor; Kz = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,z = Kz  Lb,z = 4.125 ft
Flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress - eq E4-3; Fe = (Fe,x + Fe,z) / (2  H)  [1 - (1 - 4  Fe,x  Fe,z  H / (Fe,x + Fe,z)2)] = 69.5
ksi
Flexural-torsional buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr = [0.658Fy / Fe]  Fy = 34.9 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for torsional and flexural-torsional buckling - eq E4-1;
Pn,ftb = Fcr  A = 47.9 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y, Pn,ftb) = 17.5 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 10.5 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.003
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F2.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F2-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.8 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F2.2

Unbraced length; Lb = 4.125 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F2-5; Lp = 1.76  ry  (E / Fy) = 1.297 ft
Distance between flange centroids; ho = 2.73 in
c = ho / 2  (Iy / Cw) = 1.073
rts = 0.456 in
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F2-6;Lr = 1.95  rts  E / (0.7  Fy)  ((J  c / (Sx  ho)) + ((J  c / (Sx  ho))2 +
6.76  (0.7  Fy / E)2)) = 8.063 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0 kips_ft
Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.1 kips_ft
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1; Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.530
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F2-2
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
4.8 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength; Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 4.8 kips_ft
Allowable flexural strength; Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 2.8 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.000
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b; Pr / (2  Pc) = 0.001
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits
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Check design at end of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm5_s1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 38.992
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm5_s1_seg1 = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 4.125 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 140.585
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 188.3 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 41.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 57.1 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 12.7 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 17.5 kips

Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E4

Elastic torsional buckling stress - eq E4-7; Fe,z = (2  E  Cw / (Kz  Lb,z)2 + G  J) / (A  ro2) = 83.9 ksi
Unbraced length; Lb,z = Lm5_s1_seg1_R = 4.125 ft
Effective length factor; Kz = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,z = Kz  Lb,z = 4.125 ft
Flexural-torsional elastic buckling stress - eq E4-3; Fe = (Fe,x + Fe,z) / (2  H)  [1 - (1 - 4  Fe,x  Fe,z  H / (Fe,x + Fe,z)2)] = 69.5
ksi
Flexural-torsional buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr = [0.658Fy / Fe]  Fy = 34.9 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for torsional and flexural-torsional buckling - eq E4-1;
Pn,ftb = Fcr  A = 47.9 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y, Pn,ftb) = 17.5 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 10.5 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.003
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.1 kips
Web area; Aw = d  tw = 0.875 in2
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Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5.34

Web shear coefficient - eq G2-3;
Nominal shear strength - eq G2-1;
Safety factor;
Allowable shear strength;
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength;
Yielding - Section F2.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F2-1;
(d - 2  k) / tw <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Cv1 = 1.000
Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv1 = 24.2 kips
v = 1.67
Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 14.5 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.008
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 4.8 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F2.2

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F2-5;
Distance between flange centroids;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F2-6;Lr = 1.95  rts  E / (0.7  Fy)  ((J  c / (Sx  ho)) + ((J  c / (Sx  ho))2 +
Moment at quarter point of segment;
Moment at center-line of segment;
Moment at three quarter point of segment;
Maximum moment in segment;
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1;
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F2-2
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 4.125 ft
Lp = 1.76  ry  (E / Fy) = 1.297 ft
ho = 2.73 in
c = ho / 2  (Iy / Cw) = 1.073
rts = 0.456 in
6.76  (0.7  Fy / E)2)) = 8.063 ft
MA = 0 kips_ft
MB = 0 kips_ft
MC = 0 kips_ft
Mmax = 0.1 kips_ft
Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.530
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x) =
4.8 kips_ft
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 4.8 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 2.8 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.035
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.036
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at start of span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0.016 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Lm5_s1 / 360 = 0.138 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.113
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
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Column 2 design
Section details
Section type; HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; A500 Gr.B
Steel yield stress; Fy = 46 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 58 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
Section depth, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, b f, 1.5 in
Weight of section, Weight, 7.1 lbf/ft
Section thickness, t, 0.233 in
Area of section, A, 2 in2
Radius of gyration about x-axis, r x, 1.14 in
Radius of gyration about y-axis, r y, 0.569 in
Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 1.46 in3
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 0.851 in3
3.5"

Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 1.98 in3

Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 1.06 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, I x, 2.55 in 4
0.23" Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 0.638 in 4

1.5"

Column 2 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

Shear resistance (x-x) kips 21.6 0 0.001 PASS
Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 4.5 0.1 0.022 PASS
Compression resistance kips 47.8 0 0.001 PASS
Combined forces 0.023 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.069 0.002 0.025 PASS

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 17)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 1.12  [E / Fy] = 28.12
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 19)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 2.42  [E / Fy] = 60.76
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 143.12; Compact
Section is compact in flexure
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Classification of flanges in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)

Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rfc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Nonslender

Classification of web in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Nonslender
Section is nonslender in compression

Check design at start of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm6_s1 = 2.062 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 2.062 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 21.705
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm6_s1_seg1 = 2.062 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 2.062 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 43.487
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 607.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 44.6 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 87.8 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 151.4 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,y = [0.658Fy / Fe,y]  Fy = 40.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 79.8 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 79.8 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 47.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.001
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
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Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000

Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 36 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 21.6 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.001
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 7.6 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13;
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 2.062 ft
Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
Lb <= Lp - Lateral-torsional buckling does not apply
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.000
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) = 0.000
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design at end of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 0 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm6_s1 = 2.062 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 2.062 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 21.705
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm6_s1_seg1 = 2.062 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 2.062 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 43.487
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 607.5 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 44.6 ksi
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Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;

Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  A = 87.8 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 151.4 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,y = [0.658Fy / Fe,y]  Fy = 40.5 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  A = 79.8 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 79.8 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 47.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.001
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  Aw  Cv2 = 36 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 21.6 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.001
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.1 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  Zx = 7.6 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13;
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 2.062 ft
Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
Lb <= Lp - Lateral-torsional buckling does not apply
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x) = 7.6 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 4.5 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.022
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.023
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits
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Check design 1ft 6.737in along span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0.002 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Lm6_s1 / 360 = 0.069 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.025
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

Column 3 design
Section details
Section type; 5 No.HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
ASTM steel designation; A500 Gr.B
Steel yield stress; Fy = 46 ksi
Steel tensile stress; Fu = 58 ksi
Modulus of elasticity; E = 29000 ksi
HSS 3-1/2x1-1/2x1/4 (AISC 15th Edn (v15.0))
Section depth, d, 3.5 in
Section breadth, bf, 1.5 in
Weight of section, Weight, 7.1 lbf/ft
Section thickness, t, 0.233 in
3.5"

Area of section, A, 2 in2

Radius of gyration about x-axis, rx, 1.14 in
0.23"
Radius of gyration about y-axis, ry, 0.569 in
Elastic section modulus about x-axis, Sx, 1.46 in3
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Sy, 0.851 in3
Plastic section modulus about x-axis, Zx, 1.98 in3
1.5" Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Zy, 1.06 in3
Second moment of area about x-axis, Ix, 2.55 in4
Second moment of area about y-axis, Iy, 0.638 in4

Column 3 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilization Result

Shear resistance (x-x) kips 107.9 0.2 0.002 PASS
Bending resistance (x-x) kips_ft 22.7 0.3 0.013 PASS
Compression resistance kips 76.8 1.8 0.023 PASS
Combined forces 0.025 PASS
Deflection (x-x) in 0.125 0 0.002 PASS

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 2 - 1.0D + 0.6W (Strength)

Classification of sections for local buckling - Section B4
Classification of flanges in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 17)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for compact section; pff = 1.12  [E / Fy] = 28.12
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rff = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Compact

Classification of web in flexure - Table B4.1b (case 19)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
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Limiting ratio for compact section; pwf = 2.42  [E / Fy] = 60.76
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwf = 5.70  [E / Fy] = 143.12; Compact
Section is compact in flexure
Classification of flanges in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)
Width to thickness ratio; (bf - 3  t) / t = 3.44
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rfc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Nonslender

Classification of web in uniform compression - Table B4.1a (case 6)

Width to thickness ratio; (d - 3  t) / t = 12.02
Limiting ratio for non-compact section; rwc = 1.40  [E / Fy] = 35.15; Nonslender
Section is nonslender in compression

Check design at start of span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 1.8 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm7_s1 = 6.583 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 6.583 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 69.295
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm7_s1_seg1 = 6.583 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 6.583 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 138.833
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 59.6 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 33.3 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  N  A = 328 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.8 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 13 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  N  A = 128.3 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 128.3 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 76.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.023
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.2 kips
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Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2

Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  N  Aw  Cv2 = 180.1 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 107.9 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.002
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.3 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  N  Zx = 37.9 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length;
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12;
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13;
Moment at quarter point of segment;
Moment at center-line of segment;
Moment at three quarter point of segment;
Maximum moment in segment;
LTB modification factor - eq F1-1;
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F7-10
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Lb = 6.583 ft
Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
MA = 0 kips_ft
MB = 0.1 kips_ft
MC = 0.1 kips_ft
Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft
Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.819
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  N  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x)
= 37.9 kips_ft
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 37.9 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 22.7 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.013
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.025
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Check design 2ft 6.996in along span

Design of members for compression - Chapter E
Required compressive strength; Pr = 1.7 kips
Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2
Unbraced length; Lb,x = Lm7_s1 = 6.583 ft
Effective length factor; Kx = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,x = Kx  Lb,x = 6.583 ft
Column slenderness; x = Lcb,x / rx = 69.295
Major axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
 Project Job Ref.
National Gallery of Art
Section Sheet no./rev.
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Samet 8/15/2021

Slenderness limitations and effective length - Section E2

Unbraced length; Lb,y = Lm7_s1_seg1 = 6.583 ft
Effective length factor; Ky = 1.00
Effective length; Lcb,y = Ky  Lb,y = 6.583 ft
Column slenderness; y = Lcb,y / ry = 138.833
Minor axis column slenderness ratio does not exceed recommended limit of 200
Flexural buckling of members without slender elements - Section E3
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,x = 2  E / (Lcb,x / rx)2 = 59.6 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-2; Fcr,x = [0.658Fy / Fe,x]  Fy = 33.3 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,x = Fcr,x  N  A = 328 kips
Elastic critical buckling stress - eq E3-4; Fe,y = 2  E / (Lcb,y / ry)2 = 14.8 ksi
Flexural buckling stress - eq E3-3; Fcr,y = 0.877  Fe,y = 13 ksi
Nominal compressive strength for flexural buckling - eq E3-1;
Pn,fb,y = Fcr,y  N  A = 128.3 kips

Allowable compressive strength - E1

Nominal compressive strength; Pn = min(Pn,fb,x, Pn,fb,y) = 128.3 kips
Allowable compressive strength; Pc = Pn / c = 76.8 kips
Pr / Pc = 0.022
PASS - Nominal compressive strength exceeds required compressive strength
Design of members for shear - Chapter G
Required shear strength; Vr,x = 0.2 kips
Web area; Aw = 2  (d - 3  t)  t = 1.305 in2
Web plate buckling coefficient; kv = 5
(d - 3  t) / t <= 1.10  (kv  E / Fy)
Web shear coefficient - eq G2-9; Cv2 = 1.000
Nominal shear strength - eq G4-1; Vn,x = 0.6  Fy  N  Aw  Cv2 = 180.1 kips
Safety factor; v = 1.67
Allowable shear strength; Vc,x = Vn,x / v = 107.9 kips
Vr,x / Vc,x = 0.002
PASS - Allowable shear strength exceeds required shear strength
Design of members for flexure - Chapter F
Required flexural strength; Mr,x = 0.2 kips_ft
Yielding - Section F7.1
Nominal flexural strength for yielding - eq F7-1; Mn,yld,x = Mp,x = Fy  N  Zx = 37.9 kips_ft

Lateral-torsional buckling - Section F7.4

Unbraced length; Lb = 6.583 ft
Limiting unbraced length for yielding - eq F7-12; Lp = 0.13  E  ry  (J  A) / (Fy  Zx) = 3.686 ft
Limiting unbraced length for inelastic LTB - eq F7-13; Lr = 2  E  ry  (J  A) / (0.7  Fy  Sx) = 109.852 ft
Moment at quarter point of segment; MA = 0 kips_ft
Moment at center-line of segment; MB = 0.1 kips_ft
Moment at three quarter point of segment; MC = 0.1 kips_ft
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Maximum moment in segment; Mmax = 0.3 kips_ft

LTB modification factor - eq F1-1;
Nominal flexural strength for lateral-torsional buckling - eq F7-10
Allowable flexural strength - F1
Nominal flexural strength;
Allowable flexural strength;
Design of members for combined forces - Chapter H
Combined flexure and axial force - eq H1-1b;
Cb = 12.5  Mmax / (2.5  Mmax + 3  MA + 4  MB + 3  MC) = 2.819
Mn,ltb,x = min(Cb  (Mp,x - (Mp,x - 0.7  Fy  N  Sx)  (Lb - Lp) / (Lr - Lp)), Mp,x)
= 37.9 kips_ft
Mn,x = min(Mn,yld,x, Mn,ltb,x) = 37.9 kips_ft
Mc,x = Mn,x / b = 22.7 kips_ft
Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.009
PASS - Allowable flexural strength exceeds required flexural strength
Pr / (2  Pc) + Mr,x / Mc,x = 0.020
PASS - Combined flexure and axial force is within acceptable limits

Consider Combination 1 - 1.0D (Strength)

Check design 9.035in along span

Design of members for x-x axis deflection
Maximum deflection; x = 0 in
Allowable deflection; x,Allowable = Min(Lm7_s1 / 360, 0.125 in) = 0.125 in
x / x,Allowable = 0.002
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection