KING’S COLLEGE LONDON

DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES

ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-16

MODULE SYLLABUS
5AAT2901 Buddhist Ethics

1. Basic Information

Module Level: 5
Credit Value: 15 credits
Lecturers: Dr Pyi Phyo Kyaw, Pyi.Kyaw@kcl.ac.uk

Office hour: Fridays 13.30-14.30 room VWB 3.37 and immediately after
classes just outside the lecture room.
Semester: 1
Days, Times and Fridays 9:00 – 11:00
Rooms: One two-hour weekly class: Strand campus, 342N Norfolk
Building

Dates: Teaching begins: Week 1: 25 September

Week 2: 02 October
Week 3: 09 October
Week 4: 16 October
Week 5: 23 October
Reading week: 26 – 30 October (no class)
Week 6: 6 November
Week 7: 13 November
Week 8: 20 November
Week 9: 27 November
Week 10: 04 December

Note: No class in Reading Week.

Coursework essay due BEFORE 4:00PM Monday 16th
November 2015.

2. Outline of Module Educational Aims, Learning Outcomes and Content

(a) Educational aims of the module

• To introduce students to the broad character and coverage of Buddhist ethics.
• To engage with the central principles that inform Buddhist ethics and see how
they result in characteristically Buddhist solutions to ethical issues.
• To develop a critical evaluation of Buddhist responses to some contemporary
ethical problems.
(b) Learning outcomes of the module
Generic skills
By the end of the course, students should be able to:
• engage competently with primary and secondary sources.
• summarise, evaluate and present ideas.
• research, plan and present essays to specified deadlines.
• appreciate non-western cultures and worldviews.

Course specific skills

By the end of the course, students should have:
• gained an informed understanding of various streams of the Buddhist ethical
tradition;
• developed critical skills in understanding the ontological and epistemological
bases of Buddhist answers to primary ethical questions;
• be able to evaluate the modern applications of Buddhist ethics in some areas of
contemporary ethical debate.

(c) Contents

This module is an introduction to the broad topic of Buddhist ethics. It will focus on the
Buddhism(s) of South and South East Asia, with reference also be made to the Buddhism of
Tibet and East Asia. It explores the fundamental ideological and cosmological principles of
Buddhism and how these shape characteristic Buddhist ethical positions. These will include
Buddhist concepts of karma, of causality, the nature of the self, the status of deities, the
nature and goals of spiritual life, etc. It will employ historical texts in order to understand
the character and purpose of typical Buddhist behaviours and practices from an ethical
perspective. It will also draw in some areas of contemporary ethical discussion, such as the
environment and the animal world; punishment, killing and violence; sexuality;
consumerism; or social justice.

Teaching sessions will be organised by a two-hour weekly lecture. You are asked to prepare
for lectures by reading at least one of the designated readings for the lecture (readings will
be indicated on KEATS). During each teaching session, there will be period(s) of discussion,
which are based on very short student contributions or designated reading(s). Preparation
will not be onerous.
(d) Module Plan: topics

Wk: 1 Karma, causality and non-self

(25 Sept) Discussion: Ethical issues in Buddhist literature: jataka PPK

Wk: 2 Rules, precepts and law

PPK
(2 Oct) Discussion: Ethical issues in Buddhist literature: jataka

9:00 – 11:00 Punna, kusala and upaya

PPK
Discussion: Killing, violence and protest
Wk: 3
(9 Oct)
Ethical issues in Buddhist literature:
17:00 – 18:30 PPK
Bodhicaryavatara

Wk: 4 Suicide and self-sacrifice

PPK
(16 Oct) Discussion: Care for the Buddhist dead: Buddhist rituals for death

9:00 – 11:00 Palliative care

PPK
Wk: 5 Discussion: Euthanasia and abortion
(23 Oct) Ethical issues in Buddhist literature:
17:00 – 18:30 PPK
Bodhicaryavatara
READING WEEK (26–30 Oct)
Buddhist attitudes to the animal world: meat eating Vs
Wk: 6 vegetarianism, non-harming, animal welfare,
PPK
(6 Nov) Discussion: Animal release

Wk: 7 The environment and Buddhist Environmentalism

PPK
(13 Nov) Discussion: Upaya, vivisection and biodiversity

Wk: 8 Engaged Buddhism

PPK
(20 Nov) Discussion: Gender in Buddhism
Wk: 9 Buddhist business ethics
PPK
(27 Nov) Discussion: How should we classify Buddhist ethics?
Wk: 10
(4 Dec) REVISION CLASS PPK

Note on Readings:
• For readings and additional sources, see Section 6 and 7.
• You will find recommended and additional readings for each week on KEATS.

3. Summative Assessment (Study Abroad Students should see Section 4 below)

(a) Nature of assessment

There are two compulsory elements of summative assessment:

 • 1 x 2500-word coursework essay, the title is provided at section (5) of this module
syllabus (worth 40% of the overall module mark). Do not formulate your own essay
title.
• 1 x 2-hour unseen written examination, in which two questions must be answered
from a choice of about eight (worth 60% of the overall module mark).

(b) Essay deadline, revision class and examination period

• The deadline for the submission of the coursework essay is Monday 16th
November 2015 BEFORE 4:00pm on KEATS.

Feedback will be available on KEATS no later than Monday 14 December 2015.

Feedback tutorials will be offered in Semaster 2 in order to provide guidance on
improving your work.

• REVISION CLASS: A one-hour revision class will be held on Friday 4 December 9:00
– 10:00 in Strand campus, 342N Norfolk Building.

• The examination will take place in Period I (11 – 15 January 2016).

(c) Scope of assessment

Coursework essay question generally relates to some of the topics covered in the first half
of the module. Exam questions normally deal with the remaining topics from the entire
module, but care is taken to ensure that no overlap exists between the two sets of
questions. Some exam questions may be formulated in such a way as to encourage analysis,
in the same answer, of topics that were investigated in different weeks.

(d) For what are the examiners looking?

• In both assessed coursework essay and examination answers, successful students

will need to demonstrate both an understanding of the material and a capacity to
develop a well-reasoned argument that is convincingly supported by reference to
suitable evidence and is presented in a structured manner using clear English. Make
sure that you consult the Undergraduate Marking Criteria.
• Poor English (e.g. grammar, punctuation and spelling) will lead to loss of marks.
Inadequate scholarly presentation of the assessed coursework essay (e.g. over the
styles of footnotes/endnotes and bibliography) will similarly be penalized.
• Discussion of the best approaches to meeting these requirements forms part of the
teaching programme in the module.

(e) Essential information: How do I submit my essay?

• The Faculty of Arts & Humanities cover-sheet needs to be the first page of the
submitted essays; please follow this link:
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/study/handbook/assessment/taught/submission.aspx
• The candidate number (e.g. W01234) on the cover-sheet needs to be accurate and of
the present academic year. Your work cannot be attributed to you on the College
systems, if this information is incomplete or wrong.
• The word limit includes all footnotes/endnotes, but excludes the bibliography, which
you should provide. There is a 5% tolerance: no penalty will be incurred for essays that
are up to 5% over the word limit. Beyond that tolerance band, two marks will be
deducted for every 5% of excess words until 50% is reached. After 50%, three marks will
normally be deducted for each further 5% of excess words.
• The MHRA/Harvard reference style has been adopted for this module. Please find
the Quick Guide to Reference Styles in TRS in the TRS Handbook online. The presentation
of your work, including the insertion of page numbers, quality of referencing and
bibliographical information and the standard of English, has a strong bearing on the
mark given for it.
• Submission BEFORE 4pm: Your work must be submitted via the assessment
submission section of the KEATS area for the module, by the published deadline, i.e.
before 4pm on the relevant day.
Work with a TurnitIn time stamp of 4.00pm counts as a late submission (see next
point).
• Late submissions will be treated as follows:
Unless an extension has been granted by the Chair of the UG Programme Board of
Examiners on the basis of a Mitigating Circumstances Form (MCF), supplied with
supporting evidence, or comes to be granted retrospectively:
- Work submitted within 24 hours after the original deadline will be marked, but the
mark for this element will be capped at the pass mark of 40%.
- Work submitted more than 24 hours after the original deadline will not be marked,
and the submission will receive a mark of zero.
• Mitigating Circumstances Forms: MCFs can be downloaded from the Policy Zone of
the College website.
Extensions retrospectively: An extension may be granted retrospectively, providing
the MCF with supporting documentation is submitted no later than 7 days after the
missed assessment and supporting documentation has been received no later than 21
days after the missed assessment. Please note that extensions are granted by the TRS
Assessment Board Chair and NOT by individual module tutors.
• Plagiarism: Please make sure that you understand the College rules on plagiarism.
Information is available at: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/library/help/plagiarism/index.aspx,
and you should also have been enrolled on a KEATS plagiarism module.
• Oral presentations and plagiarism: The College’s rules on plagiarism apply to oral
presentations, handouts and Powerpoint presentations just as they do to written work
submitted for assessment. You must acknowledge any and all sources used in
presentations and accompanying material, and must present all material in your own
words except for explicitly acknowledged quotations from others.
• Collusion also counts as misconduct. Think twice before circulating your work to
other students.
• Marking: Your essays for this module will be assessed according to Model 3:
https://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/study/handbook/assessment/taught/markmodels.aspx
Essays: First and second markers will apply the Faculty’s Undergraduate Marking
Criteria:
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/study/handbook/sguides/assessment/Generic-
marking-criteria-L456-2015-16-FINAL-Arts-&-Hums.pdf
Classroom presentation and participation are assessed in line with these Marking
Criteria: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/trs/modules/level6/files/TRS-Marking-Criteria-for-
presentations.pdf.

4. Summative Assessment (Study Abroad Students Only)

• If you plan to be at King’s College London for the whole academic year, then you
follow the same assessment regime as ordinary undergraduates: see Section 3
above. This means that you must make yourself available for an examination that
may be timetabled as late as the first week in June; bear that in mind when booking
your return flight.

NB: REVISION CLASS: A one-hour revision class will be held on Friday 4 December
9:00 – 10:00 in Strand campus, 342N Norfolk Building.

• If you are due to be at King’s College London for only the Michaelmas Semester
(SEM1), then most of Section 3 still applies, except that you must submit a second
essay (3,000 words) in lieu of the summer exam, contributing to 60% to the
module mark. In that case:

(i) Choose essay question 2 from section (5).

(ii) The word limit for the essay in lieu of the exam is 3000 words.
(iii) The submission deadline for the second essay is BEFORE 4pm on Monday 7th
December 2015.
(iv) Essays in lieu of exams should be submitted in hard copy to the TRS department
office because these essays will be archived with the corresponding exam scripts
from the rest of the cohort.

5. Essay questions

1. Course work essay - all students:

a. Analyse the different ways in which Śāntideva encourages himself and his
audience to pursue the bodhisattva path in his “Introduction to the Path to
Awakening” (Bodhicaryāvatāra).
In this essay, you will need to explain what the bodhisattva path is, according to
Śāntideva, and to tell us something about the content and structure of the book.
You would then look in detail at all the different motivations for ethical conduct
and different means of encouragement used by Śāntideva. To be able to discuss
some of the text in closer detail, citing individual verses, you could choose to
 focus on some chapters or themes more than others, as long as you also provide
some overview.
OR

b. Explore Buddhist approaches to care for the dying.

Consider using materials from week 1 to week 5. Please bear in mind that the
focus of this essay is not the same as an essay on Buddhist attitudes to death or
killing, even though you might choose to include an overview of Buddhist
attitudes to death or killing as part of your essay. In this essay on care for the
dying, you might consider how Buddhists combine traditional approach to care
for dying with hospice movement, if and how Buddhist approaches differ from
that of modern hospice movement, and the implications of Buddhist approach
to care for the dying on specific issues such as euthanasia and modern medical
treatment.

2. Study Abroad students (SEM1 only): Discuss Buddhist approaches to either animal welfare
or the environment.

3. A note on exam questions: Exam questions will be taken from any part of the module.
Not all topics will be covered, and you do not need to worry about your essay answer and
exam answers for this module. The essay question is broad and the exam questions will be
more specific.

6. Bibliography

(* indicates a text that is essential for your work)

Core reading: course books

*Crosby, H.K. & A. Skilton, The Bodhicaryavatara, (Oxford World's Classics), Oxford: OUP,
1996 (and later reprints).
*Harvey, Peter, An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues, Cambridge:
CUP, 2000.
Keown, Damien, Buddhist Ethics: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions), Oxford:
OUP, 2005.
Keown, Damien, Buddhism and Boiethics, UK: Palgrave Schol, 2001.
*Keown, Damien, The Nature of Buddhist Ethics, UK: Palgrave Schol, 2001.

Reference books:
*Buswell, Robert E. Jr., ed., Encyclopedia of Buddhism, New York: Macmillan Reference USA,
2003.
Buswell, Robert E. and Donald S. Lopez, The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton
University Press, 2013.
Jones, Lindsay, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion, Detroit, Mich; London: Macmillan Reference
USA, 2005.

Recommended reading: additional books and articles

Agostini, Giulio, ‘Buddhist sources on feticide as distinct from homicide’, Journal of the
International Asscoiation of Buddhist Studies, 27: 63-96, 2004.
Appleton, Naomi, Jātaka Stories in Theravāda Buddhism, Narrating the Bodhisattva Path,
Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
Appleton, Naomi and Sarah Shaw (trans.), The Ten Great Birth Stories of the Bodhisatta (Chiang
Mai: Silkworm Press, In Press 2015).
Batchelor, Stephen, Living with the Devil A Meditation on Good and Evil, New York: Riverhead
Books, 2004.
Benn, James A, ‘Where text meets flesh: burning the body as an apocryphal practice in
Chinese Buddhism’, History of Religions, Vol.37 No.4 1998, May: 295-322.
Benn, James A, Burning for the Buddha Self-Immolation in Chinese Buddhism, Honolulu:
University of Hawai’i Press, 2007.
*Byrne, Cathy J, ‘Would a Buddhist Freeze a Cane Toad? an Exploration of the Modern
Phenomenon of Environmental Buddhism and the Ethics Related to the Doctrine of
Ahimsa (Non-harming)’, Contemporary Buddhism, 7 (2006): 117-127.
*Cabezon, J.K. (ed.), Buddhism, Sexuality and Gender, New York: State University of New York
Press, 1992.
Caldwell, John C., ‘Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries’, Population and Development
Review, Volume 12, Issue 2 1986 (June): 171- 220.
Chang, Chia-ju. ‘Trans-species Care: Taiwan’s Feral Dogs and Dog Mother Activism,’
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 2 No. 3; February 2012: 287-
294.
Chang, Jui-shan, ‘Scripting Extramarital Affairs: marital mores, gender politics, and
infidelity in Taiwan’, Modern China, 1999 (January): 69- 99.
Chappell, David W. ‘Repentance and confession’, Robert E. Buswell et al., eds., Encyclopedia of
Buddhism, Two volumes, New York 2004: 721-723.
Cousins, Lance. S. ‘Good or Skilful? Kusala in Canon and Commentary’, Journal of Buddhist
Ethics, 3, 1996: 136-164.
*Crosby, Kate, ‘Karma, Social Collapse or Geophysics? Interpretations of suffering among
Sri Lankan Buddhist in the immediate aftermath of the 2004 Asian tsunami’,
Contemporary Buddhism, Vol.9, No.1, 2008 May: 53-76.
Cuevas, Bryan J. and Jacqueline I. Stone, eds., The Buddhist Dead: Practices, Discourses,
Representations, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007.
Deegalle, Mahinda, ed., Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka, London and New
York: Routledge, 2006.
Dharmasiri, Gunapala, Fundamentals of Buddhist Ethics, Antico California: Golden Leaves
Publishing Co., 1989.
Evans, Stephen A, ‘Ethical Confusion: Possible Misunderstandings in Buddhist Ethics’.
Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 19, 2012: 514-544.
Faure, Bernard, The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality, Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1998.
Gethin, Rupert, ‘Can Killing a Living Being Ever Be an Act of Compassion? The analysis of
the act of killing in the Abhidhamma and Pali commentaries’, Journal of Buddhist
Ethics, 11, 2004: 167-202.
Getz, Daniel A, ‘Precepts’, Robert E. Buswell et al., eds., Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Two
volumes, New York 2004: 673-675.
Getz, Daniel A, ‘Sentient beings’, Robert E. Buswell et al., eds., Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Two
volumes, New York 2004: 760-761
Gomez, Luis O., ‘Some aspects of the free-will question in the Nikāyas’, Philosophy East and
West, 25, 1975: 81-90 .
Goodman, Charles, Consequences of Compassion: An Interpretation and Defense of Buddhist Ethics,
NY: OUP, 2009.
Gyatso, Janet, 'Sex', in Donald S. Lopez (ed.) Critical Terms for the Study of Buddhism, The
University of Chicago Press, 2005, pp. 271-290.
*Harris, Ian, ‘How environmentalist is Buddhism?’, Religion 21, 1991: 101-114.
Harris, Ian, 'Causation and Telos: The Problem of Buddhist Environmental Ethics', Journal of
Buddhist Ethics, Vol. 1, 1994: 45-56.
Harris, Ian, 'Getting to grips with Buddhist Environmentalism: A provisional
typology', Journal of Buddhist Ethics, Vol. 2, 1995: 173-190.
*Harvey, Peter, 'Avoiding Unintended Harm to the Environment and the Buddhist Ethic of
Intention', Journal of Buddhist Ethics, Vol. 14, 2007: 1-34.
Heriman, Ann and Tom De Rauw, 'Offenders, Sinners, and Criminals: The consumption of
forbidden food', Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung, Vol. 59 (1), 2006: 57-83.
Hershock, Peter D, ‘Dramatic intervention: human rights from a Buddhist perspective’,
Philosophy East and West, 50, 2000: 9-33.
Huxley, Andrew, ‘Buddhist Case Law on Theft: the vinītavatthu on the second pārājika’,
Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 6, 1999: 313-330.
James, Simon. and David Cooper, Buddhism and the Environment: a special issue of Contemporary
Buddhism, Routledge, 2007: 157-177.
Jerryson, Michael K. and Mark Juergensmeyer, eds., Buddhist Warfare, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2010.
Kalupahana, David J., Ethics in Early Buddhism, Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i Press, 1995.
Kent, Daniel, ‘Corporal Monk: Venerable Sudinna’s Journey from the Sri Lankan Army to
the Buddhist Sangha’ in Todd Lewis (ed.) Buddhists: Understanding Buddhism through
the lives of practitioners, Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.
*Keown, Damien and John Keown, ‘Killing, karma and caring: euthanasia in Buddhism and
Christianity’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 1995, 21: 265-269.
*Keown, Damien, ‘Buddhism and Suicide: The Case of Channa’, Journal of Buddhist Ethics,
1996, 3: 8-31.
Keown, Damien, ‘Karma, Character, and Consequentialism’, Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 24,
1996: 329-350.
Keown, Damien, ed., Contemporary Buddhist Ethics, London: Routledge, 2000.
Kieschnick, John, ‘Buddhism, Alcohol and Tea in Medieval China’, Roel Sterkx (ed) Of Tripod
and Palate: Food, politics and religion in Traditional China, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
*King, Sallie B., ‘Socially Engaged Buddhism’, David McMahan (ed.) Buddhism in the Modern
World, London: Routledge, 2012: 195-214.
King, Ursula & Tina Beattie, eds., Gender, Religion & Diversity: cross-cultural perspectives,
London & New York: Continuum. In particular, pp. 65-78 on ‘Religious Identity and
the Ethics of Representation: the study of religion and gender in the secular
academy’ by Tina Beattie.
King, Winston, In the Hope of Nibbana: The Ethics of Theravada Buddhism, LaSalle Illinois: Open
Court, 1964.
Kovan, Martin, ‘Thresholds of Transcendence: Buddhist Self-immolation and Mahayanist
Absolute Altruism’, Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 2013, 20: 775-812.
*Kyaw, P. P., A Good Business Person and/or A Good Buddhist: A Study of Business Practices
of the Burmese in the context of the‘Right Livelihood’ (Sammā-ājīva) in Modern
Burma. MA Dissertation, SOAS, University of London, 2010.
Ling, Trevor, Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil A Study in Theravada Buddhism, Allen and
Unwin, 1962.
Lopez, Donald. S., The Tibetan Book of the Dead: a Biography, Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2011.
Meinert, Carmen and Hans-Bernd Zöllner, eds., Buddhist Approaches to Human Rights
Dissonances and Resonances, 2010.
Mrozik, Susanne, Virtuous Bodies The Physical Dimensions of Morality in Buddhist Ethics, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2007.
Ohnuma, Reiko, 'Gender', in Buswell (ed.) Encyclopedia of Buddhism, pp. 302-306.
Ohnuma, Reiko, Head, Eyes, Flesh, and Blood: Giving Away the Body in Indian Buddhist Literature,
New York, 2007.
Perrett, Roy W, ‘Buddhism, abortion and the middle way’, Asian Philosophy (Oxford) 10, 2000:
101-114.
Pye, Michael, Skilful Means a concept in Mahayana Buddhism, London: Duckworth, 1978.
Queen, Christopher S. and Sallie B. King, Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist liberation movements in
Asia, Albany: SUNY, 1996. Chapters 1, 9, and 11.
Redwood French, Rebecca and Mark A. Nathan eds., Buddhism and Law: An Introduction.
Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Reeves, Gene, ‘Appropriate Means as an Ethical Doctrine in the Lotus Sūtra’, Journal of
Buddhist Ethics, 5, 1998: 241-260.
Saddhatissa, H., The Birth-Stories of the Ten Bodhisattas and the Dasabodhisattuppattikathā Being
a Translation and Edition of the Dasabodhisattuppattikathā, London: The Pali Text
Society, 1975.
Saddhatissa, H., Buddhist Ethics, NY: Wisdom, 1997.
Samuel, Geoffrey, Civilised Shamans, Washington: Smithsonian Institute, 1993.
*Schumacher, E. F., Small is Beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered, Vintage, 1993.
Seyfort Ruegg, D, ‘Ahiṃsā and vegetarianism in the history of Buddhism’, Buddhist Studies in
honour of Walpola Rahula. ed., by S. Balasooriya et al., London 1980: 234-241
*Shaw, Sarah, The Jatakas: Birth Stories of the Bodhisatta, New Delhi and New York: Penguin,
2006.
Sherwood, Patricia, ‘Buddhist Contribution to Social Welfare in Australia’, Journal of Buddhist
Ethics, Vol. 8, 2001: pp. 61-74.
Shiu, Henry & Leah Stokes, ‘Buddhist Animal Release Practices: Historic, Environmental,
Public Health And Economic Concerns’, Contemporary Buddhism 9 (2008): 181-196.
Siderits, Mark, Buddhism as Philosophy, Farnham: Ashgate, 2007.
Singer, Tania, Caring Economics: conversations on altruism and compassion between scientists,
economists and the Dalai Lama, Picador USA, 2015.
Sizemore, R. F and Swearer, D. K., eds., Ethics, Wealth and Salvation: A study in Buddhist social
ethics, California: University of California, 1990.
Sponberg, Alan, ‘The Buddhist conception of an ecological self’, Sallie B. King, ed. The Sound
of Liberating Truth: Buddhist-Christian, in Honor of Frederick J. Streng. Richmond, 1999.
(Response by Paula M. Cooey: 128-132).
Tachibana, S., The Ethics of Buddhism, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926.
*Tannenbaum, Nicola, ‘Protest, Tree Ordination, and the Changing Context of Political
Ritual’, Ethnology 39 (2), 2000: 109-127.
Tiyavanich, Kamala. Forest Recollections: Wandering Monks in Twentieth-century Thailand,
Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997.
Trainor, Kevin, ‘Seeing, feeling, doing ethics and emotions in South Asian Buddhism’,
Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 71, 2003: 523-530.
Van Zeyst, H.G.A, ‘Hedonism’, Encyclopedia of Buddhism (ed. G. P. Malalasekara et al.)
Colombo 5, 1992: 432-433.
*Watts, Jonathan S, ‘The vihara of compassion: an introduction to Buddhist care for the
 dying and bereaved in the modern world’, Contemporary Buddhism: An
Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012, 13:1, 139-155.
Watts, Jonathan S. and Yoshiharu Tomatsu, eds., Buddhist Care for the Dying and Bereaved,
Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2012.
Whitmyer, C., ed., Mindfulness and Mindful Work: Exploration of Right Livelihood. California:
Berkeley, 1994.
Williams, Paul and Patrice Ladwig, eds., Buddhist Funeral Cultures of Southeast Asia and China,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Wijayaratna, Mohan, Buddhist Monastic Life according to the texts of the Theravada tradition,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Wiltshire, Martin G, ‘The 'suicide' problem in the Pāli canon’, Journal of the International
Asscoiation of Buddhist Studies 6, 1983: 124-140.
Zsolnai, Laszlo, Ethical Principles and Economic Transformation: A Buddhist Approach, Dordrecht:
Springer, 2011.

7. Buddhism and the Internet

The Web is an obvious place to visit for information on Buddhism. However, while there is
a huge quantity of material out there, posted by Buddhists, Buddhist organisations and
enthusiasts of one kind or another, you should exercise critical judgement in relation to
anything that you find there. That you can find ‘useful’ statements on a web page
apparently hosted by a Buddhist affiliated organisation does not guarantee that statement’s
accuracy or reliability. We recommend below some sites which we think are reliable:

Access to Insight: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/

Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library: http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-
Buddhism.html
Journal of Buddhist Ethics: http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/
Website of the Theravada Civilisations Project: http://www.theravadaciv.org