Converteam Adp21 DP

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DP Dynamic Positioning System

for Vessel – Training Presentation

* DP Operator Interface Page 1 to 6


* DP Basic Interface Page 7-17
* DP Basic Principle Page 18-29
* DP Class Rule Page 31-40
* DP Control Module Page 41-56
* DP Sensors and Position Measurement Equipment Page 57-88
Marine & Offshore 船舶和海洋工程 July 2006
2006年年7月
Dynamic Positioning Systems 动力定位系统

DP Operator Interface
DP 操作员界面
INTRODUCTION 介绍

 Basic Principles 基本原理


 Class Rules 船级社规范
 Sensors传感器
 Position Measurement Equipment (PME)位置测量装置
 Control Modes 控制模式
 Operator Interface操作员界面
 Basic Hardwired Interface基本接口界面
Converteam A Series - New Operator Interface
Converteam A 系列-
系列-新操作员界面
 Common Operator Interface Full Map Display 全地图显示
platform for Dynamic
Positioning and Automation
动力定位和自动化公共界面平台
 DP Operator Interface
DP 操作员界面
 Features特征:-
– Map displays (C-MAP)
– 地图显示
– Night and Day Display
– 昼夜显示
– Operational Configuration
– 航行状态
– Internal logger - 500
variables
– 内部记录器-500个变量
– 24hr Historical Log
– 24小时历史日志
Converteam A Series - New Operator Interface
Converteam A系列-新操作员界面
Half Map Display 半地图显示
 Common Operator Interface
platform for Dynamic
Positioning and Automation
动力定位和自动化公共界面平台
 DP Operator Interface
DP 操作员界面
 Features特征:-
– Map displays (C-MAP)
– 地图显示
– Night and Day Display
– 昼夜显示
– Operational Configuration
– 航行状态
– Internal logger - 500
variables
– 内部记录器-500个变量
– 24hr Historical Log
– 24小时历史日志
Mimic Windows
Marine & Offshore
Dynamic Positioning Systems
Marine & Offshore 船舶和海洋工程 July 2006
Dynamic Positioning Systems 动力定位系统 2006年年7

DP Basic Interface
DP 基本接口
INTRODUCTION 介绍

 Basic Principles 基本原理


 Class Rules 船级社规范
 Sensors传感器
 Position Measurement Equipment (PME)位置测
量装置
 Control Modes 控制模式
 Operator Interface操作员界面
 Basic Hardwired Interface基本接口界面
Basic Elements of a Dynamic Positioning System
动力定位系统基本部件
Key Element is the Controller
关键部件是控制器

Controller Cabinet
控制箱

Operator Interface Sensor Interface


Control Panel(s) Gyro's DGPS etc
操作员接口:控制页面 传感器接口 电罗经,DGPS等

PROCESSOR
处理器

Thruster Interface
Propeller, Rudder, Thrusters
推进器接口 螺旋桨,舵,推进器
Typical DP 1 Controller
典型的DP1控制箱

‘A’ Series Marine


Serial Data 串行数据 Controller (AMC)
Heading in NMEA string ‘A’ Series 航海控制器
用NMEA字符标示艏向 Where the ‘Control’ takes
Position in NMEA String place

用NMEA字符标示位置 “控制”占用空间

Communication with Operator Ethernet to HMI 以太网连


Panel 操作员通信配电板 接人机界面
Power Supply
电源供应
Input & Output 输入输出
This rail is populated with
appropriate modules to
interface to the thrusters
Typical Interface to a Tunnel Thruster 典型的导管推力器界面
Generally Fixed Speed with Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP)
一般来说定速配可控螺距螺旋桨

What does the DP system do? DP系统做什么


系统做什么?
系统做什么?
1 - It ‘Calls’ the thruster (Digital to TT)
1- 它”称为“ 推力(数字信号至TT)

What does DP system need to know?DP 系统需要知道什么呢?


系统需要知道什么呢?
2 - Is the Thruster ‘Healthy’? (Digital from TT)
2-推力”稳定“嘛?(从TT来的数字信号)
If the DP system receives a positive signal (2) it knows to include the
Thruster in the process. It calculates a required thrust, converts that
to a ‘Pitch Demand’ and transmits this via a standard analogue
signal (normally 4-20mA)
如果DP系统收到了一个正信号(2)它知道进程中需要增加推力。它
计算需要的推力,将这个推力转化成”螺距命令“,然后将它通过标
Tunnel 准的模拟信号传递出去(通常是4-20mA)

Thruster For a DP system we also take a ‘Feedback’ signal so the system


knows if the thruster has responded in line with the demand.
(generally 4-20mA also)
对于一套DP系统来说,它也接受一个”反馈“信号,这样系统知道
推进器已经和命令
是否推进器
推进器 命令保持一致了。
命令
Typical Interface to a Tunnel Thruster 2
典型的导管推力器界面 2

TUNNEL THRUSTER CONTROL BOX DP CONTROLLER CUBICLE

导管推力器控制箱 DP 控制柜
CALL SIGNAL DIGITAL OUTPUT
(CLOSED = CALL) VOLT FREE CONTACT RATING:

呼叫信号 1A/250VAC-30VDC

数字输出
READY SIGNAL means:-
SWITCHED TO DP CONTROL (关闭=呼叫) 触点容量:
&
NO SYSTEM FAILURE 1A/250VAC~30VDC
& READY SIGNAL
DIGITAL INPUT
数字输入
BRIDGE CONTROL
就绪信号
(CLOSED = READY)
&
PITCH PUMPS RUNNING
& (关闭=就绪)
MOTOR RUNNING

就绪信号 –转到DP 控制 mA
ANALOGUE OUTPUT
& 无系统失效 PITCH ORDER (ISOLATED)

& 驾驶台控制 螺距需要


4-20mA = +/-100%

& 螺旋桨泵运转 4-20mA=+/-100%


mA
模拟输出(
模拟输出(集成)
集成)
& 电机运转

ANALOGUE INPUT
mA
PITCH FEEDBACK

模拟输入(
模拟输入(集成)
(ISOLATED)

集成)
4-20mA = +/-100%
mA 螺距反馈
4-20mA=+/-100%
Typical Interface to a Main Propeller
典型的与主推进器连接接口
典型的与主推进器连接接口
Generally Fixed Speed with Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP)
通常来讲恒定速度带有可控螺旋桨
What does the DP system do? DP 系统做什么呢?
1 - It ‘Calls’ the Pitch Control (1 x Digital to Local Controller)
1- 它“称为” 螺距控制(1X送至就地控制器的数字信号
称为” 螺距控制( 送至就地控制器的数字信号)
送至就地控制器的数字信号)

What does DP system need to know? DP系统需要知道什么呢?


2 - Is the Pitch Control ‘Healthy’? (Digital from Local Controller)
2- 螺距控制“
螺距控制“稳定”
稳定”嘛?(来自于就地控制器的数字信号
?(来自于就地控制器的数字信号)
来自于就地控制器的数字信号)
If the DP system receives a positive signal (2) it knows to include the Propeller in the process. It calculates
a required thrust, converts that to a ‘Pitch Demand’ and transmits this via a standard analogue signal
(normally 4-20mA)
如果DP系统收到一个正信号(2)它知道这个进程中需要增加推进器。它计算一个需要的推力,将这个推力
转换成“螺距命令”,并通过一个标准的模拟信号传输(通常是4-20mA)。
For a DP system we also take a ‘Feedback’ signal so the system knows if the PITCH has responded in
line with the DEMAND. (generally 4-20mA also)
对于DP系统来说,它也接受一个“反馈”信号,这样系统知道是否螺旋桨
螺旋桨已经和要求
螺旋桨 要求保持一直了(通常也
要求
是4-20mA的信号)。
Typical Interface to a Main Propeller
典型的与主推进器连接接口
典型的与主推进器连接接口

控制柜
PROPELLER PITCH CONTROL BOX DP CONTROLLER CUBICLE
螺旋桨控制箱 DP

CALL SIGNAL DIGITAL OUTPUT


(CLOSED = CALL) VOLT FREE CONTACT RATING:

呼叫信号 1A/250VAC-30VDC

数字输出
READY SIGNAL means:-
SWITCHED TO DP CONTROL (关闭=呼叫) 触点容量:
&
NO SYSTEM FAILURE 1A/250VAC~30VDC
& READY SIGNAL

数字输入
DIGITAL INPUT
就绪信号
BRIDGE CONTROL (CLOSED = READY)
&
PITCH PUMPS RUNNING
& (关闭=就绪)
MOTOR RUNNING
就绪信号 –转到DP 控制 mA
& 无系统失效 PITCH ORDER
ANALOGUE OUTPUT
& 驾驶台控制
(ISOLATED)
螺距需要 模拟输出(
模拟输出(集成)
集成)
4-20mA = +/-100%
mA
& 螺旋桨泵运转 4-20mA=+/-100%
& 电机运转

ANALOGUE INPUT
mA
PITCH FEEDBACK

模拟输入(
模拟输入(集成) 螺距反馈
(ISOLATED)

集成)
4-20mA = +/-100%
mA 4-20mA=+/-100%
UPS Anemometer Gyrocompass MRU
Operator 风速风向仪 电罗经 位置参照单元
Console
控制台

Power 电源 to Sensors& PMEs NMEA RS485 Serial Data from Sensors


Controller
Cabinet 控 DGPS CYSCAN
制箱
Ethernet
以太网

Each Green line =


NMEA RS485 Serial Data from PMEs
2 x Digital Signals 从PME系统采集串行NMEA RS485信号
2 x Analogue signals
每条绿线=
2X 数字信号
2X 模拟信号
Marine & Offshore
Dynamic Positioning Systems
Marine & Offshore 船舶及海洋工程 July 2006
2006年
年7月

Dynamic Positioning Systems 动力定位系统

DP Basic Pinciples
DP 基本原理
INTRODUCTION 介绍

 Basic Principles 基本原理


 Class Rules 船级规范
 Sensors 传感器
 Position Measurement Equipment (PME)
 位置测量装置
 Control Modes 控制模式
 Operator Interface 操作员界面
 Basic Hardwired Interface 基本接口界面
Degrees of Freedom in 3 Dimensions
三个象限的自由度

3 Orthogonal directions
3个正交方向
个正交方向
X = Surge 纵荡
Y = Sway 横摇
Z = Heave垂举
垂举

+ 3 Rotations around
each Axis
+3 个轴向的旋转

Roll 摇摆
Pitch 倾斜
YAW 偏航
YAW 偏航

SURGE
纵荡

SWAY
横摇
For DP We Control only Three
DP系统我们仅控制三个
系统我们仅控制三个
`N'

DP Control, Illustrated `X'

In Broad Terms
DP主要控制系统
`Y'

ASSESS IN TERMS OF
MEASURE DEVIATION
FROM HEADING TARGET X FORCES
Y FORCES
N TURNING MOMENTUM
TRANSFORM INTO
COMMANDS TO THRUSTERS

 The main elements of a DP system are as follows: AND MAIN PROPS

动力定位系统的主要要素
– A suitable and adequate thruster installation
– 合适及足够的推进器
– Suitable position measurement equipment
– 合适的位置测量设备
– Suitable gyrocompass
– 合适的电罗经
– A control system which interfaces to the points mentioned
– 一套连接以上各点的控制系统
Critical Factors关键因素

 Thruster sizing adequate for weather conditions


推进器的大小满足海况条件
 Position Measurement System - accuracy &
repeatability
位置测量系统-精确度及可重复性
 Sensor Systems - accuracy & repeatability
传感器系统-精确度及可重复性
 Accuracy of ship model / tuning
船舶建模的精确度
 Thruster Control System setting accuracy &
repeatability
推进控制系统设定的精确度及可重复性
Main Elements of a
Typical DP System Anemometer DGPS

典型DP系统的主要构成
DP Console Artemis
Laser Reference
Gyrocompass

Vertical reference unit

Tunnel Azimuth
Thruster Thruster

Acoustic Positioning System


Propellers
Tunnel Thrusters
Taut Wire Position
Measuring System

Rudders
Weight

Acoustic Transponder
Dynamic Positioning 动力定位

The vessel is to maintain HEADING and STATION


(either fixed or moving) by use of the THRUSTERS to
counteract the effects of DISPLACING FORCES
such as WIND, CURRENT and WAVE action.

动力定位就是使用船舶所配备的推进器来抵抗风,流及

浪等产生的位移力,以保持船舶的航向及船位(固定的或

移动的)
ADP01/ADP11 System Features
ADP01/ADP11系统要素

 System based on Kalman Filter, which includes:


基于Klaman滤波器的系统包括:
– Low frequency inertial model of ship (mass & drag)
船舶低频率惯性模式(集中和缓慢的运动
船舶低频率惯性模式 集中和缓慢的运动)
集中和缓慢的运动
– High frequency wave motion and measurement noise model.
高频率波动和噪音测量模式
– Mathematical model of external environment force. (Wind)
外部环境力数学模型
– All working measurements are available to the Kalman Filter.
所有的工作测量都可以用于Kalman滤波器
所有的工作测量都可以用于 滤波器
SINGLE AXIS KALMAN
单轴卡尔曼
WIND SPEED / DIRECTION

WIND MODEL

=3 TERM CONTROLLER
ERROR
P
POS. KALMAN VELOCITY STATE THRUSTER
D
REF FILTER CONTROLLER TRANSFORM
UMODELLED
I
FORCE

INVERSE
THRUSTER FORCE
THRUSTER
TRANSFORM

FEEDBACK POSITION
SHIP THRUSTER
MEASUREMENT
Converteam A Series
Converteam A 系列
 SIMPLEX - MIKA 1  SIMPLEX - QM2
Converteam A Series
Converteam A 系列
 Typical AHT / Supply  Triplex - Q4000
Marine & Offshore 船舶和海洋工程
Dynamic Positioning Systems
动力定位系统
Marine & Offshore 船舶和海洋工程 July 2006
2006年年7月月
Dynamic Positioning Systems 动力定位系统

DP Class Rules
DP 船级社规范
INTRODUCTION 介绍

 Basic Principles 基本原理


 Class Rules 船级社规范
 Sensors传感器
 Position Measurement Equipment (PME)位置测
量装置
 Control Modes 控制模式
 Operator Interface操作员界面
 Basic Hardwired Interface基本接口界面
Class 船级 • What does it mean? 什么意思呢?

• DP0 - Most basic and simple DP (often unclassed)


• DP0- 最基本最简单的动力定位(
最基本最简单的动力定位(通常不入级)
通常不入级)
• DP1 - Basic DP but with an Independent Joystick. Note No
redundancy is required within the DP but some classes require
redundancy in sensors and PMEs
• DP1- 有一套独立手柄的基本动力定位。
有一套独立手柄的基本动力定位。DP系统内无冗余要求 系统内无冗余要求,
系统内无冗余要求,但是有些
船级要求传感器和PME系统有冗余
船级要求传感器和 系统有冗余。
系统有冗余。
• DP2 - Redundant DP with an Independent Joystick. Note the
Vessel must maintain position following any single failure
• DP2-有一套独立操作手柄的冗余
有一套独立操作手柄的冗余DP系统
有一套独立操作手柄的冗余 系统。 系统。标明船必须在下述任何信号失
效后保持位置。
效后保持位置。
• DP3 - Redundant DP with a simplex DP and with an
Independent Joystick. Note the Vessel must maintain position
following loss of any compartment due to fire or flood
• DP3- 带有一套DP系统和独立操纵手柄的冗余
带有一套 系统和独立操纵手柄的冗余DP系统
系统和独立操纵手柄的冗余 系统。 系统。标明船必须在任
何一个舱起火或进水后保持位置。
何一个舱起火或进水后保持位置。
Class 船级 • What does it mean? 什么意思?

• DP2 - Redundant DP with an Independent Joystick. Note the


Vessel must maintain position following any single failure
• DP2-有一套独立操作手柄的冗余
有一套独立操作手柄的冗余DP系统
有一套独立操作手柄的冗余 系统。
系统。标明船必须在下述任何信号失
效后保持位置。
效后保持位置。
• Note this applies to the whole vessel not just the “DP Control
Equipment” 应用于整船不仅仅使用“动力定位控制装置”
• DP3 - Redundant DP with a simplex DP and with an Independent
Joystick. Note the Vessel must maintain position following loss of any
compartment due to fire or flood
• DP3- 带有一套DP系统和独立操纵手柄的冗余
带有一套 系统和独立操纵手柄的冗余DP系统
系统和独立操纵手柄的冗余 系统。 系统。标明船必须在任
何一个舱起火或进水后保持位置。
何一个舱起火或进水后保持位置。
• Note this also applies to the whole vessel not just the “DP
Control Equipment” and this leads to Space and Cable
segregation 适用于整船不单使用“动力定位控制系统”,这样
Class 船级 • What does it mean?
• Generally for Class 2 and 3 an FMEA is required
• 一般情况来说2级和3级中要求FMEA
• FMEA means Failure Mode Effects Analysis
• FMEA的意思是损坏形式影响分析
• this is best used as a design tool! Why? Because class will perform
an FMEA test during sea trials and if there is an identified problem at
that stage it is much more expensive to correct than at the design
stage!
• 最好使用设计工具!为什么?因为船级要求在试航的时候执行FMEA,
如果在这种情况下出问题,更正它比在设计时候更正要贵很多!
• What is it? 这是什么?
• it is an analysis of each component examining how it could fail and
what effect that would have on the vessels ability to hold station with
the remaining systems.
• 它分析每个部件并检测如果该部件失效,将会对船产生什么样的影响
,用剩余系统保持现在的状态。
A Series
• The family consists of 系统包括如下:
A系列
• AJS 01 Independent Joystick 独立操纵手柄系统
• ADP 01 A-Series Simplex DP (DP0)
• ADP 11 A-Series Simplex DP (DP1)
• ADP21 A-Series Duplex DP (DP2)
• ADP31 A-Series Triple Voting or Class3 DP

• AOT Portable Joystick 便携式操纵手柄


• ATW A-Series Taut Wire a系列张紧绳
• ATC A-Series Thruster Control (Manual)
• AVC Integrated Control System (Vessel and Power Systems
A Series ADP 11
DP OPERATOR
CONSOLE

UPS
CONTROLLER

PITCH / SPEED PITCH / SPEED ANGLE


PITCH / SPEED
AZIMUTH
A Series ADP 21

PITCH / SPEED PITCH / SPEED ANGLE


PITCH / SPEED
AZIMUTH
A Series ADP 31
ANEMOMETERS CYSCAN
DGPS ACOUSTICS
VRU GYRO
PRINTER

WS01 WS02 WS04 WS03

Controller Controller Controller Controller


Cabinet CC01 Cabinet CC02 Cabinet CC04 Cabinet CC03

UPS

UPS DUAL ETHERNET


NETWORK

AFS30 AFS30 AFS30 AFS30 AFS30

UPS

Switchboards

A60
Protection
Marine & Offshore
Dynamic Positioning Systems
Marine & Offshore 船舶和海洋工程 July 2006
Dynamic Positioning Systems 动力定位系统 2006年年7

DP Control Modes
DP 控制模式
INTRODUCTION

 Basic Principles 基本原理


 Class Rules 船级社规范
 Sensors传感器
 Position Measurement Equipment (PME)位置测
量装置
 Control Modes 控制模式
 Operator Interface操作员界面
 Basic Hardwired Interface基本接口界面
Basic DP Control Modes
基本DP控制模式
 Joystick Manual Heading 操纵手柄手动定向
 Joystick Auto Heading 操纵手柄自动定向
 Auto Position or Dynamic Positioning 动力定位
 Minmum Power 最小功率
 Trackfollow 轨迹追踪
 Autopilot 自动舵
 Autosail 自动航行
 Model Control 模型控制
Control Modes - JSMH (Joystick Manual Heading)
控制模式-JSMH(操纵手柄手动定向)
Moving Vessel from A to B
under Joystick and
Turning Knob Control

Manual manoeuvring of
vessel B

手动操纵船舶
Uses whatever thrust is
available
用任何的推进器均可行

A
Control Modes - JSAH (Joystick Auto Heading)
控制方式-JSAH(操纵手柄自动定向)
Manual manoeuvring on Moving Vessel from A to B
Under Joystick Control
fore/aft, port/stbd axes with Constant Heading
在前/后,左/右轴向上手动操纵
B
Automatic heading control
自动航向控制
Requires Bow and Stern thrust
要求艏艉侧推
Below 4 knts
在4KNTS以下
Requires a minimum of one
gyrocompass to be selected A
要求最少选择一个电罗经
Control Modes - DP (Dynamic Positioning)
控制模式-DP(动力定位)
Automatic control of heading,
fore/aft and port/stbd axes
在前/后,左/右轴向上自动控制航

Requires bow, stern,ahead and


astern thrust
要求艏推,艉推,顺推,倒推 Fixed
Position

Requires a minimum of one


gyrocompass and one PME to be
selected Fixed
Heading
要求最少选择一个电罗经和PME。
DP MINIMUM POWER
DP 最小功率
NET WEATHER

 Minimum Power mode allows


the DP system to
automatically turn the Variable Heading
vessel’s heading into the net
weather force, thus reducing
the total load on the
propulsion equipment. X and
Y axes are still maintained on
position by the use of a PME Fixed Position
device.
 最小功率模式允许DP系统自
动调整航向到环境力方向,这
样可以减少推进设备的总负荷
。用一套PME设备可以保持X
和Y向位置。
Track Follow 轨迹追踪

•Automatic control of fore/aft and


port/stbd axes
heading along a predefined track.
Waypoints
根据预定义的轨迹自动控制艏/艉, 5

左/右航向。
•Requires bow, stern,ahead and
astern thrust
4
要求艏推,艉推,顺推,倒推
3
•Vessel can travel along track at
any heading.
• 船可以根据任何航向航行
PME (DG PS) Gyrocompass

•Requires a minimum of one gyrocompass and one PME to


be selected要求最少选择一个电罗经和PME。
Track Follow Features
轨迹追踪特性
 Additional Features of Track Follow
 轨迹追踪辅助特性
• Incremental or continuous tracking. 渐增的或者连续的追踪
• Backwards tracking. 倒向追踪
• Up to 200 waypoints can be loaded via serial link (Survey System
or DP Laptop). 高达200个航途基准点可加载到串行连接中(测量
系统或动力定位笔记本电脑)
• Operator can define heading or have predefined track headings.
操作员可以定义航向或预定义航向。
• High tension slow down. 高电压张紧缓冲
• Controlled stopping. 停止可控
• Track Shift (Currently only Cross Track) 轨迹移位(现仅有交径)
ROV FOLLOW
ROV 追踪
 ROV Follow maintains the
vessel’s position relative to an
ROV. X and Y axes are controlled
by the DP processor, Heading is
also controlled by the processor
but the operator can adjust the
heading as required.
 ROV追踪保持船的位置相对于一
个ROV。X和Y轴可以根据DP处理
器控制。航向也可以根据处理器控
制但是操作员需要根据要求调整航
向 ROV
 2 ROV modes available
 2个ROV模式可行
• With Position Reference
Fixed Position Reference Fixed Distance
• 带位置参考
• With Acoustics Only
• 仅通过声波
ROV with Position Reference 参考位置ROV
 The ROV is allowed to move in a ‘reaction radius’ while the vessel is maintained in
one position. If the ROV moves outside the ‘reaction radius’ a new vessel position is
defined and the vessel will move to the position. The mode requires the use of a
second PME device (DGPS).
 当船保持在一个位置的时候,ROV允许船在一个感应半径内移动
当船保持在一个位置的时候, 允许船在一个感应半径内移动,
允许船在一个感应半径内移动,如果ROV移动出这 如果 移动出这
个感应半径,
个感应半径,那么新的船舶位置将被定义,
那么新的船舶位置将被定义,船将移动到新的位置。 船将移动到新的位置。

• Reduces thruster activity as the ROV is allowed to move while the vessel is
stationary. 减弱推进器的活性,ROV可以在船静止的时候移动
• Reaction radius size can be defined by the operator.
操作员可定义感应半径的大小

ROV with Fixed Distance only 固定距离ROV


 With only the ROV beacon available the vessels position is
maintained at a constant seabed distance from the ROV.
 只有当ROV的信标可用的时候
只有当 的信标可用的时候,
的信标可用的时候,船的位置才能保持在从海底到ROV不变的
船的位置才能保持在从海底到 不变的
位置。
位置。
• Increased thruster activity and vessel movement.
• 增加推进器的动力,船移动。
AUTO PILOT 自动舵
 The DP system has an
internal Auto Pilot mode. As
with normal Auto Pilots the
DP system uses the Main Fast Transit A to B

Propeller for Propulsion and B

steers using the rudder only.


 动力定位系统自带自动舵模
式。一般的DP系统用主推做
推进器,仅用舵驾驶。
 The Systems requires the A

use of a Gyro compass to


maintain heading.
 系统要求电罗经保持航向
Joystick Gyrocompass
AUTO SAIL 自动航行
 Auto Sail Mode controls the vessel
along a track of two or more operator
defined points at higher speeds than Transit Between
Waypoints
Auto Track.
 自动航行模式控制船沿着2个或者更多
的由操作员定义的点所构成的轨迹行驶
,其速度高于自动追踪。
 The DP uses the Main Propeller for
forward thrust and rudder for steering
the vessel as tunnel thrusters become
inadequate at high speeds.
 DP系统用主推作为向前的推进器,用
舵操纵船,在高速情况下侧推就不够了
 The DP automatically adjusts the
vessels heading to move the vessel
along the track.
Joystick PME (DGPS) Gyrocompass
 DP系统自动调节船的航向或者沿着轨
迹使船移动
Model Control 模式控制

 Should all reference systems fail, Model control will


maintain position by the use of it’s internal model. Over a
period of time the vessel will drift off position.
 当所有的参考系统失效的时候,模式控制将利用它自己的
内部模式保持船的位置。过一段时间后,船才会渐渐离开
位置。

 Model control allows the operator to take control of the


vessel in a safe and orderly manner.
 模式控制允许操作员在安全有序的情况下控制船。
Marine & Offshore
Dynamic Positioning Systems
Marine & Offshore 船舶和海洋工程
Dynamic Positioning Systems 动力定位系统

DP Sensors and Position Measurement Equipment


DP 传感器和位置测量装置
INTRODUCTION 介绍

 Basic Principles 基本原理


 Class Rules 船级社规范
 Sensors传感器
 Position Measurement Equipment (PME)位置测
量装置
 Control Modes 控制模式
 Operator Interface操作员界面
 Basic Hardwired Interface基本接口界面
Sensors 传感器

 Anemometer 风速风向仪

 Gyrocompass 电罗经

 Motion Reference Units 位置参照单元


Sensor – Anemometers 传感器-
传感器 风速风向仪
 Measurement of Wind Speed and Direction
测量风速和风向
 Location - ideally at the top of the mast
位置-理想状态下置于桅杆顶部
 Interface to DP System 与DP系统接口
– Speed 风速 - Analogue/Serial 模拟信号/串行
– Direction风向 - Synchro/Analogue/Serial 同步/模拟信号/串行

Young Gill Munro

Munro -DK
Sensor – Gyrocompass 传感器 –电罗经
电罗经
 Measurement of Vessels Heading 测量船舶航向
 Location - typically on bridge 位置-一般在驾驶室
 Interface to DP System 与DP系统的接口
– Synchro/Serial -同步/串行

SG Brown Anschutz
‘Meridian’ Litton Mk180

Anshutz -DK
Sensor - Motion Reference Units (MRU)
传感器-位置参照单元(MRU)
 Measurement of Pitch, Roll and Heave
测量船的纵摇,横摇和垂荡
 Location - ideally on the vessels centre of roll and pitch
位置- 理想装于船舶的横摇和纵摇中心
 Interface to DP System 与DP系统接口
– Serial 串行
 Type of VRU depends on the application 位置参照单元型号取决于系统要求
 (i.e. Accuracy required) (比如精确性要求)
比如精确性要求)

TSS Watson
Position Measurement Equipment (PME)
位置测量装置(PME)
Measurement of vessel position, systems include:-
测量船舶位置,系统包括:

• DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System)


DGPS(差分全球定位系统)
• Acoustic Systems
声学分析系统
• Artemis
声纳技术
• Cyscan
激光
• Tautwire
张绳
PME – DGPS
位置测量设备- DGPS
 24 Satellites 24颗卫星
 6 Orbital Planes 6轨道面
 55 deg Orbital Inclination 55度倾斜轨道
 Altitude 20200km 高度20200公里
 12 hour Orbit 12小时在轨
PME – DGPS
位置测量设备- DGPS

The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978. A full constellation of 24


satellites was achieved in 1994. Each satellite is built to last about 10
years. Replacements are constantly being built and launched into
orbit. A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about
17 feet across with the solar panels extended. Transmitter power is
only 50 watts or less.
首个GPS 卫星于1978年发射。完全24颗星群于1994年实现。每颗卫星
寿命为10年。替换卫星不断地发射在轨。每颗卫星重约2000磅并带有
17英尺的太阳能电源板。发射功率只有50瓦或更少。
PME - DGPS - Navigation type – IMO
位置测量设备- DGPS – 导航型 – IMO
PME – DGPS
位置测量设备- DGPS
 Suppliers供应商
– Javad
– Veripos
Positioning Principle -DK

– Seatex
– Trimble
– Thales
PME – DGPS Differential GPS - Accuracy 1-2 metre
位置测量设备- DGPS 差分GPS – 精度1-2米
UHF超高频 (40km Range40公里范围) HF高频 (600-700km 600-700公里范围Range)

UHF -DK

L Band (via Satellite)


L波段(通过卫星)
Inmarsat-Low Power
Inmarsat-低功率
(Worldwide全球)
Spotbeam-High Power
电波束-高功率
(Selective Areas)
选择区域
PME – DGPS Differential GPS - Accuracy 1-2 metre
位置测量设备- DGPS 差分GPS – 精度1-2米
MF-IALA (Typically 50nm Range - but can be further see below)
中频(典型50nm范围- 详见下表 )
PME – DGPS Basic Hardware Arrangement
位置测量设备- DGPS 基本硬件布置

GPS Antenna Differential Corrections


& Receiver Options are typically
GPS天线和接收机 差分修正,典型选项为
Options are - MF (IALA)中频
选项为 - HF高频
- L1 - UHF (Typically Petrobras)超高频
- L1/L2 - L1 (Satellite delivered卫星提供)
- Glonass Low Power 低功率(Inmarsat)
High Power 高功率(Spotbeam)
- Precision Services精度服务

GPS Correction
RECEIVER RECEIVER (s)
PME – DGPS Inmarsat (Low Power) Coverage
位置测量设备- DGPS Inmarsat(低功率)覆盖
PME – DGPS Inmarsat (Low Power) Coverage
位置测量设备- DGPS Inmarsat(低功率)覆盖
PME – DGPS Typical Base Stations and High Power Coverage showing
位置测量设备- DGPS
Distance Contours from Base Stations
典型的基站和大功率覆盖显示从基站的距离轮廓
PME – Acoustics位置测量装置
 Measurement of Vessel
Position Relative to the
Transponder 测
量船舶相对于收发机的位置
 Suppliers 供应商
– Sonardyne
– Simrad
– Nautronix
 New Technology新技术
– Wideband宽带
PME – Acoustics位置测量装置-声学 Ultra--Short Baseline
Ultra
Short Baseline 超短基线
Long Baseline 短基线

长基线
PME – Acoustics位置测量装置-声学
LUSBL长、超短基线
LUSBL 长、超短基线 SLUSBL段、长、超短基线
SLUSBL 段、长、超短基线

Long/Ultra Short Short/Long/Ultra Short


Baseline Baseline
PME - Acoustics
ROV USBL PME
位置测量装置 – 声学
ROV超短基线

Transponder
Operation
收发操作
收发 操作
PME - Acoustics
ROV USBL

Responder
Operation
PME - Acoustics 位置测
量装置 – 声学ROV LBL
ROV长基线

DVL Inertial Data


PME – Acoustics Sonardyne Latest System
位置测量装置 最现代的水声系统
Wideband System - Phase Shift Keying
款待系统- 相移位键控
•More precise timing更精确的计时
•224 Independent Channels224个独立的通道
PME - Acoustics – Sonardyne Wide Band System
位置测量装置
水声宽带系统
PME - Artemis位置测量设备-阿基米斯

 Measurement of Vessel
Position Relative to the Fixed
Station测量船舶相对于固定基站

 Suppliers 供应商– Nesa


 Range距离 10-30000m
 Range/Bearing Accuracy距离和
航向精度 0.1-1m/0.02 degrees
PME – Artemis位置测量设备-阿基米斯

 Advantages优点
– short to medium range
– 中、短距离
– high accuracy at short range
– 短距离精度高

 Disadvantages缺点
– line of sight 光线
– fixed end requires setup 需
要建立固定端站
– Reflections反射
– interference from radar 受雷
达干扰
PME – CyScan位置测量设备

 Measurement of range, bearing


and heading Relative to targets测
量相对于目标的距离、方位和航向
 Supplier 供应商
– Guidance Ltd
 Range up to 400m
距离超过400米
 Accuracy <1% of Range
 精度<1% 距离
 Good for ‘close’ work
 对于精确工作较好
PME – CyScan位置测量装置-激光
扫描仪
 Advantages优点
– easily installed易于安装
– low cost in comparison相对低成本
– passive multiple target (Intelligent rejection of false
targets)被动多目标(可聪明地拒绝假目标)
– Automatic Pitch and Roll Compensation自动横倾和纵荡补

 Disadvantages缺点
– line of sight光线

Recent development is the RadaScan, Similar to Cyscan


but using Radar. The advantage being the system is
virtually independent of weather最近开发的是雷达扫描,相
似激光扫描但是用雷达。其优点是系统与天气独立。
PME – Tautwire
位置测量装置-张绳系统
 Measurement of Vessel Position
Relative to the weight测量船舶
相对于重锤的位置
 Suppliers 供应商
– Alstom
– Simrad
– NTD
 Accuracy < 1m
 精确度< 1米
PME – Tautwire
位置测量装置 – 张绳系统
 Advantages优点
– high accuracy in <150m
– 高精度 <150米
– good reliability
– 好可靠性
– quick and easy to setup
– 快速、容易装备
 Disadvantages缺点
– short range only仅用于短距离
– susceptible to strong tides 易
受强流干扰
– possibility of weight dragging
重锤拖延的可能
PME – Tautwire
位置测量装置-张绳系统
TAUT WIRE
TEN SIO N IN G SYSTEM
Inclinometers

Wire Length

O2
O1

Sinker Weight
Marine & Offshore
Dynamic Positioning Systems

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