MODULE 01 | 1ST QUARTER, WEEK 01

LESSON 01: FUNCTIONS

What I Need to Know?

Have you seen those sets of patterns, buildings, how tax works, time, and a lot more? Wherever you
go, mathematics is all around you. For you to better understand how the world works, learning
mathematics is necessary. However, the only way to learn mathematics is to do mathematics according
to Paul Halmos. With that, here’s a free guide for you. This study guide is intended to help you further
your understanding in FUNCTIONS. After going through this module, you will be able to master the
concepts in functions that is significant in your daily encounter. The skills that you will be able to hone
in this module is relevant in making wise decisions. Real-life situations are provided here to deepen
your understanding on the said topic.

The module is about:

o Lesson 1 – Functions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. understand the concept of function;
2. represent real-life situation using functions, including piecewise functions (MELC – Q1,
Week 1);
3. evaluate a function (MELC – Q1, Week 1);
4. perform the operations of function (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division)
(MELC – Q1, Week 1); and
5. solve problems involving functions (MELC – Q1, Week 1).

You too can be a mathematician! Learning continues despite the pandemic that we’re facing. Continue
to be more so you can do more. Stay safe and enjoy learning, always. All the best!

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
 What is It?

Alright, are you now ready to learn mathematics? Here are the keys for you to unlock your skill in doing
mathematics, specifically FUNCTIONS.

FUNCTION
is a relation in which each element of the domain is paired with exactly one element of the range. There
is one and only one output (y) with each input (x). A domain is the input (x) and the range is the output
(y).

Domain and Range

What can go into a function is called the Domain
What actually comes out of a function is called the Range

Here’s a visual representation for you.

You can identify a function given a diagram, sets of ordered pairs, and a graph.

How to do it?
 You just need to check the domain of the given diagram and ordered pairs, the domain must
correspond to a unique element in the range.
 Also, a graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the graph
intersects it at exactly one point.

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
Example: Identify which of the following relations are functions.

1. Ordered Pairs

a. {(3,1),(2,3),(4,2),(5,1)} b. {(1,a),(2,h),(8,p),(8,s)} c. {(4,-1),(3,3),(5,-5),(6,0)}

2. Diagram

3. Graph

Yes! You got it right.

Only letters a and c are functions in number 1. Letter b is only a mere relation.
Only iii is a function in number 2. The first diagram is not a function nor a relation because some
domain does not have corresponding range.
Lastly, a, b, and c are functions in number 3. Letter d is just a mere relation because when you
draw a vertical line, it will intersect two points of the graph.

You just unlocked objective 1. Well done!

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
It means replacing the variable in the function with a value from the function’s domain and computing
for the result. Evaluating a function is analogous to providing a machine with a valid input.

EXAMPLES
1. Evaluate the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1 at (a) x = 2, and (b) x = 3
Solution:
a. Substitute x = 2 and simplify.
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1
𝑓 ( 2) = 3( 2) + 1
𝑓 ( 2) = 6 + 1
𝑓 ( 2) = 7
b. Substitute x = 3 and simplify.

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1
𝑓 ( 3) = 3( 3) + 1
𝑓 ( 3) = 9 + 1
𝑓(3) = 10

𝑥+2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 2
2
2. Evaluate 𝑓(𝑥 ) = {2𝑥 − 5 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2 when (a) x = 0, (b) x = 2, and (c) x = 4.
√𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
Solution:
a. x = 0
Since 0 < 2, use the first expression. Substitute 0 in the expression, then simplify.
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ( 0) = 0 + 2
𝑓 ( 0) = 2
b. x = 2
Since 2 = 2, use the second expression. Substitute 2 in the expression, then simplify.
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 5
𝑓(2) = 2(22 ) − 5
𝑓 ( 2) = 8 − 5
𝑓 ( 2) = 3
c. x = 4
Since 4 > 2, use the third expression. Substitute 4 in the expression, then simplify.
𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 1
𝑓(4) = √4 + 1
𝑓(4) = √5

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
 3. A photocopy shop charges P1.00 per photocopy for orders of 20 or fewer photocopies,
P0.85 per photocopy for orders of 50 or fewer but more than 20 photocopies, and P0.75 per
photocopy for orders of more than 50 photocopies.
a. Write a function representing the cost f in pesos for x number of photocopies.
b. How much will you pay if you order 34 photocopies?
c. How much will you pay if you order 55 photocopies?

Solution:
1(𝑥 ), 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 20
a. f(x) = {0.85(𝑥 ), 𝑖𝑓 21 ≤ 50}
0.75(𝑥 ), 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 50
b. 𝑓 34 = 0.85(𝑥 )
( )
𝑓(34) = 0.85(34)
𝑓(34) = 28.9
Therefore, you will pay P28.90 if you order 34 photocopies.
c. 𝑓(55) = 0.85(𝑥 )
𝑓(55) = 0.85(55)
𝑓(55) = 46.75
Therefore, you will pay P47.75 if you order 55 photocopies.

Way to go! Two more goals left!

OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Let f and g be functions.
a. Their sum is the function defined by (𝒇+𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙) that is denoted by 𝒇+𝒈.

b. Their difference is the function defined by (𝒇−𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) that is denoted by 𝒇−𝒈.

c. Their product is the function defined by (𝒇∙𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) ⋅ 𝒈(𝒙) that is denoted by 𝒇⋅ 𝒈.

d. Their quotient is the function defined by (𝒇/ )(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)/𝒈(𝒙) that is denoted by 𝒇/𝒈 , excluding
the value of 𝑥 where 𝑔(𝑥) ≠0.

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
 EXAMPLES
1. Suppose f is the real function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥, and g is the real function 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 3.
a. (𝒇+𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)
Solution:
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 )
= (4𝑥 ) + (2𝑥 + 3)
= 6𝑥 + 3

b. (𝒇−𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙)

Solution:
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )
= (4𝑥 ) − (2𝑥 + 3)
= 2𝑥 − 3

c. (𝒇∙𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) ⋅ 𝒈(𝒙)

Solution:
(𝑓 ∗ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥 )
= (4𝑥 )(2𝑥 + 3)
= 8𝑥 2 + 12𝑥
d. (𝒇/𝒈 )(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙)/𝒈(𝒙)

(𝑓/𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) / 𝑔(𝑥)
4𝑥
=
2𝑥 + 3

2. Given 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1, and 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 . Find 𝑔(2). 𝑓(2)

a. Evaluate each functions first.

Solution:
𝑔 ( 2) = 3( 2) + 1
𝑔 ( 2) = 6 + 1
𝑔( 2) = 7

𝑓 ( 2) = ( 2) 3 + 3( 2) 2
𝑓(2) = 8 + 12
𝑓(2) = 20
b. Perform the indicated operation.

(𝑔 ∗ 𝑓)(2) = 𝑔(2). 𝑓(2)

= (7)(20)
= 140

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
 3. The function 𝑇 (𝑑 ) = 10𝑑 + 20 gives the temperature in degrees Celsius inside the Earth as
a function of d, the depth in kilometers. Find the temperature at;
a. 5 km
b. 20 km
c. 1000 km

Solution:
a. 𝑇 (5) = 10(5) + 20
𝑇 (5) = 50 + 20
𝑇 (5) = 70 degrees Celsius

b. 𝑇 (20) = 10(20) + 20
𝑇 (20) = 200 + 20
𝑇 (20) = 220 degrees Celsius

c. 𝑇 (1000) = 10(1000) + 20
𝑇 (1000) = 10,000 + 20
𝑇 (1000) = 10,020 degrees Celcius

You can be a mathematician, indeed!

What’s M ore?

How’s learning mathematics, young Mathematician? It’s time to try doing Mathematics.
Perform the tasks below and see how far you’ve learned.
A.
1. Evaluate 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −4𝑥 + 2 at (a) x = 0, and (b) x = 2.

𝑥 −3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
2
2. Evaluate 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { 𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 when (a) x = 1, (b) x = 3, (c) x = -1
√ 𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1
B. Perform the indicated operations.

1. Given 𝑔(𝑎) = 𝑎3 + 5𝑎2 , and 𝑓(𝑎) = 2𝑎 + 4. Find (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔 (𝑥 ).

2. Given 𝑔(𝑎) = 𝑎3 + 5𝑎2 , and 𝑓(𝑎) = 2𝑎 + 4. Find 𝑔(3) + 𝑓 (3).
3. Suppose f is the real function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 + 2 and g is the real function 𝑔(𝑥 ) =
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥. Find ( ) (𝑥 ) = ( ).
𝑔 𝑔 𝑥

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.
 4. Given 𝑔(𝑡) = −2𝑡 2 − 5𝑡, and ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡 + 5. Find 𝑔(𝑡). ℎ(𝑡).
5. Given 𝑔(𝑡) = −2𝑡 2 − 5𝑡, and ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑡 + 5. Find 𝑔(2). ℎ(2).

C.
1. The function W(d) = 0.112d gives the depth of water in centimeters as a
function of d, the depth of snow in centimeters. Find the depth of water
that results from these depths of snow;
a. 16 cm
b. 25 cm
c. 100 cm
2. In Punta Isla Lake Resort, a boat ride cost P500.00 intended for 15
passengers only. Additional passengers are charged P50.00 per head. Let
x be the cost of the boat ride.
a. Use a piece-wise function to represent the boat ride fare.
b. How much is the total boat ride fare for 18 passengers?

Assessment

1. Ruby sells a fundraising t-shirt worth P100.00 if you buy up to 50 pieces and P80.00 per
shirt if more than 50 pieces.
a. Give its function model.
b. How much will you pay if you will buy 75 pieces?

2. A wholesaler sells a product by the pound (or a fraction of a pound); if not more than 15
pounds are ordered, the wholesaler charges $3 per pound. However, to invite large orders
the wholesaler charges on $2 per pound if more than 15 pounds are ordered.
a. Find a mathematical model expressing the total cost of the order as a function of the
amount of the product ordered.
b. Determine the total cost of an order of 14.5 lb and of an order of 16 lb.

References

1. https://prezi.com/0nmoihgykelm/real-life-examples-of-piece-wise-functions/
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZA94W_ItSo
3. https://prod-qna-question-images.s3.amazonaws.com/qna-images/question/cf21d26b-7fa9-
4d46-a680-a556052d602a/7a3f2635-dbb4-4348-92b0-
728987dbdaba/xe9601m_processed.png
4. https://i.pinimg.com/236x/2a/17/28/2a172804756d18d069533ce1a7a316ed--smileys-emoji.jpg

This study guide is intended only for academic usage of the USJ-R Grade 11 students enrolled in General
Mathematics course. Duplication of this material is not allowed.