Design of Substructure Abutment Pile ch.44+801km, 2x30m

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT A1-A2
ABUTMENT A1/A2
0.3
3.5 100.30 28
0.5
2.85
2.33
0.350 97.375
89.350 HFL
7.675
88.350
1.8
86.85
19 1.2 1.2
3.6 67.55
0.75 0.75
5.1
FRONT VIEW
1
Abutment-A1/A2 Local River at Ch-44.801km 2X30 M
1.0 Span = 28.000 m 35.0 Depth of slanting part of Return wall = 2.333
2.0 Formation Level = 100.300 m 36.0 Thickness of the Return Wall = 0.300
3.0 Thickness of Wearing Coat = 0.075 m 37.0 Length of the Bracket = 0.200
4.0 Deck Level = 100.225 m Depth of uniform part of bracket = 0.180
5.0 Thickness of Deck Slab = 0.250 m Depth of slanting part of bracket = 0.120 m
6.0 Depth of the Longitudinal Girder = 2.600 m Distance of C.G. of the LL from Formation Level = 1.20 m
7.0 Soffit level = 97.375 m 38.0 Grade of Concrete = M30
8.0 Height of the Pedestal with Bearing = 0.350 m (a) Permissible Direct Compressive Stress = 7.50 N/mm2
9.0 Top of the Abutment Cap = 97.025 m (b) Permissible bending Compressive Stress = 10.00 N/mm2
10.0 Thickness of Abutment cap = 1.000 m 39.0 © Permissible Tensile stress = 0.67 N/mm2
11.0 Top of the Abutment Shaft = 96.025 m 39.0 Grade of Steel = Fe500
12.0 Length of pile = 19.000 m 40.0 (a) Permissible Tensile stress = 240 N/mm2
13.0 H.F.L. = 89.350 m 41.0 (b) Permissible Direct Compressive Stress = 205 N/mm2
14.0 L.W.L. = 89.350 m 40.0 Modular Ratio = 10.0
15.0 L.B.L. = 88.350 m 41.0 Lever Arm Coefficient;n=1/[1+бst/m бcbc] = 0.294
16.0 Dia of the pile = 1.200 m j = 1-n/3 = 0.902
17.0 Length of Pile cap = 16.100 m Q =0.5n(1-n/3)бcbc = 1.326 N/mm2
18.0 width of Pile cap = 5.100 m Dead Load Reaction = 5000.0 KN
19.0 Thickness of the Pile cap = 1.800 m 42.0 SECTIONAL PROPERTIES :- ABUTMENT SHAFT
20.0 Sill Level (Bottom of the shaft) = 88.350 m 43.0 CROSS SECTIONAL AREA : 3.1 X 0.36 = 5.7 m2
21.0 Thickness of the shaft = 1.200 m 44.0 SECTION MODULUS-ZLL 3.14 0.05 = 0.848 m3
22.0 Maximum Scour Depth = 2.500 m 45.0 SECTION MODULUS-ZTT = 0.85 m3
23.0 Maximum scour level = 86.850 m 46.0 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Concrete = 0.0000117
24.0 Bottom Level of the pile cap = 86.550 m Coefficient of shrinkage of Concrete = 0.0002
25.0 Dia of the Abutment shaft 5 no 1.2 dia pier shaft = 1.200 m Area of Bearing l = 500.0 mm
26.0 Height of the shaft = 7.675 m b = 400.0 mm
27.0 Bottom Level of the pile = 67.550 A = 0.200 m2
28.0 Projection of the L-girder from centre of the bearing = 0.980 m t = 96 mm
29.0 Width of Expansion joint = 0.040 m
30.0 Thickness of the Dirt wall = 0.400 m
31.0 Width of the Bearing = 0.600 m
32.0 Width of the Abutment cap = 1.700 m
33.0 Length of the Return Wall = 3.500 m
34.0 Depth of Uniform part of Return wall = 11.525 m
2
Basic Data-Abutment-A1
1.0 Span = 28.000 m
2.0 Formation Level = 100.300 m
3.0 H.F.L. = 89.350 m
4.0 L.W.L. = 89.350 m
5.0 L.B.L. = 88.350 m
6.0 Sill Level (Bottom of the shaft) = 88.350 m
7.0 Bottom Level of the pile cap = 86.550 m
8.0 Bottom Level of the pile = 67.550 m
3
Calculation of Dead Load
m SUPERSTRUCTURE :-
m a) DL Reaction from superstructure = 5000.0 KN
b)Projected Area of the superstructure 0.5 x 28.56 x 2.925 = 41.77 m2
2.0 ABUTMENT CAP :- Projected Area 1.700 x 1.000 = 1.7 m2

Weight 1.2 x 1.700 x 1.000 x 25.0 = 51 KN
3.0 DIRT WALL :- Projected Area 0.400 x 3.275 = 1.31 m2

Weight 1.2 x 0.400 x 3.275 x 25.0 = 39.30 KN
4.0 BRACKET :- Projected Area

uniform part 0.200 x 0.180 = 0.036 m2
Triangular Part 0.5 x 0.200 x 0.120 = 0.012 m2
Weight
uniform part 1.2 x 0.200 x 0.180 x 25.0 = 1.08 KN
Triangular Part 0.5x 1.2 x 0.200 x 0.120 x 25.0 = 0.36 KN
5.0 RETURN WALL :-

Projected Area
uniform part 3.500 X 11.525 = 40.3375 m2
Triangular Part 0.5 X 3.500 X 2.333 = 0.000 m2
Weight
uniform part 3.500 x 11.525 x 0.30 x 25.0 = 302.53125 KN
Triangular Part 0.5 x 3.500 x 2.333 x 0.30 x 25.0 = 0 KN
6.0 ABUTMENT SHAFT
Projected Area 7.675x 1.200 = 9.21 m2
Volume of the shaft 3.14 x 7.675x 0.360 x 5 = 43.38 m3
Volume of the shaft above HFL 3.14 x 6.675x 0.360 x 5 = 37.73 m3
Volume of the shaft below HFL 43.38 - 37.73 = 5.65 m3
Volume of the shaft above LWL 3.14 x 0.360x 7.675 x 5 = 43.38 m3
Volume of the shaft below LWL 43.38 - 43.38 = 0.00 m3
Wt. of the shaft 43.38x 25.0 = 1084.4775 KN (dry case)
Wt. of the shaft 1084.48 - 3.1 x 1.000 x 0.36 x 1.5 = 1082.7819 KN(15% buoyancy)
Wt. of the shaft 1084.48 - 3.1 x 1.000 x 0.36 x 10.0 = 1073.1735 KN(100% buoyancy)
4
7.0 PILE CAP
Volume of the Cap = 16.10 x 5.10 x 1.80 = 147.798 m3
Volume of the Cap below HFL = 16.10 x 5.10 x 1.800 = 147.798 m3
Volume of the Cap above HFL = 147.798 - 147.798 = 0 m3
Wt. of the cap = 147.8 x 24.0 = 3547.152 KN (dry case)

= 147.8 x 24.0 - 147.798 x 1.5 = 3325.455 KN(15% buoyancy)
= 147.8 x 24.0 - 147.798 x 10 = 2069.172 KN(100% buoyancy)
8.0 EARTH ABOVE THE HEEL

Volume of the earth above heel slab 0.5 x 16.1 x 1.95 x 12.0 x 0.1 = 18.8 m3
Volume of earth above HFL 0.5 x 16.1 x 1.79 x 11.0 x 0.1 = 15.8 m3
Volume of earth below HFL 18.8 - 15.8 = 3.0 m3
Volume of earth above LWL 0.5 x 16.1 x 1.950 x 12.0 x 0.1 = 18.8 m3
Volume of earth below LWL 18.8 - 18.8 = 0.0 m3
Wt. of the earth (HFL Case) 0.1 x 15.8 x 18.0 + 3.0 x 10.0 x 0.1 = 31.36 KN
Wt. of the earth (LWL Case) 0.1 x 18.8 x 18.0 + 0.0 x 10.0 x 0.1 = 33.77 KN
9.0 EARTH ABOVE TOE

Volume of the earth above Toe slab 16.1 x 1.95 x 0.000 = 0.00 m3
Volume of earth above HFL 16.1 x 1.95 x 0.000 = 0.00 m3
Volume of earth below HFL -9E-14 - 0 = 0.00 m3
Volume of earth above LWL 16.1 x 1.95 x 0.000 = 0.00 m3
Volume of earth below LWL 0.00 - 0.00 = 0.00 m3
Wt. of the earth (HFL Case) 0x 18.0 + 0.00 x 8.0 = 0.00 KN
Wt. of the earth (LWL Case) 0x 18.0 + 0.0 x 8.0 = 0.00 KN
5
LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS
1.0 MAXM. LIVE LOAD CONDITION :- CLASS:70-R LOADING
DIRECTION OF MOTION
170 170 170 170 120 120 80
1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96
0.98 28.0 0.98

Rabut Rpier
Rabut = 170 X 28.98 + 170 X 27.61 + 170 X 24.56 + 170 X 23.19 + 120 X 21.06 + 120 X 19.5 + 80 X 15.58
28.0
Rabut = 852.01 KN
Rpier = 147.99 KN
CLASS:A- LOADING
DIRECTION OF MOTION
114 114 68 68 68 68 0 0
1.2 4.3 3 3 3.0 0.0 0.0
0.980 28.0 0.98

Rabut Rpier
Rabut = 114 x 28.98 + 114 x 27.78 + 68 x 23.48 + 68 x 20.48 + 68 x 17.48 + 68 x 14.5 + 0 x 14.48
28.0 + 0 x 14.48
Rabut = 415.47
Rpier = 84.53
6
(a) MAXIMUM LIVE LOAD CASE
Due to Class 70-R Loading = 852.01 KN
Due to Class A Loading = 415.47 KN
Total 1267.48 KN
Braking Force :-
Due to Class 70-R Loading = 0.20 x 1000.00 = 200.00 KN
Due to Class A Loading = 0.05 x 500.00 = 25.00 KN
Total = 225.00 KN
Change in Reaction due to Braking Force = 225.00 x 4.125 / 28.0 = 33.15 KN
Maximum Live Load with change of Reaction = 1267.48 + 33.15 = 1300.63 KN
(b) MINIMUM LIVE LOAD CASE

Due to Class 70-R Loading = 147.99 KN
Due to Class A Loading = 84.53 KN
Total 232.52 KN
Braking Force :-
Due to Class 70-R Loading = 0.20 x 1000.00 = 200.00 KN
Due to Class A Loading = 0.05 x 500.00 = 25.00 KN
Total = 225.00 KN
Change in Reaction due to Braking Force = 225.00 x 4.125 / 28.0 = 33.147 KN
Minimum Live Load with change of Reaction = 232.52 - 33.147 = 199.37 KN
7
HORIZONTAL FORCE DUE TO TEMPERATURE VARIATION AND SHRINKAGE
Change in Length due to Temperature Variation = 0.0000117 x 34 x 28.56 = 0.0114 m
Change in Length due to Shrinkage = 0.0002 x 28.56 = 0.0057 m
Total = 0.0171 m
5x 1000 x 0.20 x 0.0171

Horizontal Force due to change in Length = = 88.92 KN
2x 0.096
Total Horizontal Force at Bearing Level = Braking Force +Force due to change in Length =
/ 225.00
2 + 88.92 = 201.42 KN H1
friction µ = 0.05 and hence µ Rg = 0.05 x 6267.5 H2 = H2 > H1 313.4 KN H2
Component along Traffic Direction = 313.37 cos 0 = 313.37 KN
Component along Current Direction = 313.37 sin 0 = 0 KN
MOMENT DUE TO LIVE LOAD AND HORIZONTAL FORCES AT THE TOP OF PILE CAP
Maxm. Live Load Case :-
Moment about an axis parallel to the Current Direction = MLL = 313.37 x 9.025 + 1300.63 x 0.82 = 3894.7 KN.m
Moment about an axis parallel to the Traffic Direction = MTT = 0 x 9.025 + 1300.63 x 1.74 = 2263.1 KN.m
Minm. Live Load Case :-

Moment about an axis parallel to the Current Direction = MLL = 313.37 x 9.025 + 199.37 x 0.82 = 2991.7 KN.m
Moment about an axis parallel to the Traffic Direction = MTT = 0 x 9.025 + 199.37 x 1.74 = 346.9 KN.m
8
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
SEISMIC COEFFICIENT = 0.118
(A) At sill level :- LWL Case
Sl. Particulars Vertical Seismic Seismic along Traffic direction Seismic along current direction
No. Load(KN) Force(KN) Ecc (m) Moment(KN.m) Ecc (m) Moment(KN.m)
1.0 Superstructure 5000.0 589.61 9.03 5321.21 10.5 6183.51
2.0 Dirt wall 39.30 4.63 9.31 43.16 9.31 43.16
3.0 Return wall
(a) Uniform part 302.5313 35.67 6.19 220.74 6.19 220.74
(b)Triangular part 0 0.00 -1.1 0.00 -1.1 0.00
4.0 Bracket
(a) Uniform part 1.08 0.13 11.6 1.47 11.6 1.47
(b)Triangular part 0.36 0.04 11.4 0.48 11.4 0.48
5.0 Abutment cap 51 6.01 8.18 49.16 8.18 49.16
6.0 Abutment shaft-LWL 1082.782 127.68 3.84 489.98 3.84 489.98
Total without LL-LWL 763.78 6126.21 6988.51
Abutment shaft-HFL 1073.174 126.55 3.84 485.64 3.84 485.64
Total without LL-HFL 762.65 6121.86 6121.86
LL Case 1 650.31 76.69 13.15 1008.42
Total 840.47 6126.21 7996.93
LL CASE II 99.69 11.76 13.15 154.58
Total 775.54 6126.21 7143.09
(B) At the bottom of Pile cap :-

Seismic along Traffic direction =
LL Case-I MLL = 6126.21 + 763.78 x 1.80 + 418.29 x 0.9 = 7877.48 KN.m
LL Case-II MLL = 6126.21 + 763.78 x 1.80 + 418.29 x 0.9 = 7877.48 KN.m
Seismic along current direction

LL Case-I MTT = 7996.93 + 840.47 x 1.80 + 418.29 x 0.9 = 9886.24 KN.m
LL Case-II MTT = 7143.09 + 775.54 x 1.80 + 418.29 x 0.9 = 8915.52 KN.m
9
Case-I WIND ANALYSIS AT SILL LEVEL wind velocity 47 m/s2
Sl. Particulars Projected H Wind Wind Moment
Ecc
No. Area (m) Pressure Force MTT
(m2) (KN/m2) (KN) (m) (KN.m)
1.0 Superstructure 41.77 10.4875 0.94 39.23 10.4875 411.41
2.0 Dirt wall 1.31 10.3125 0.94 1.23 10.3125 12.69
3.0 Return wall
(a) Uniform part 40.3375 6.188 0.94 37.88 6.1875 234.41
(b)Triangular part 0.000 -1.131 0.94 0.00 -1.13 0.00
4.0 Bracket
(a) Uniform part 0.036 11.560 0.94 0.03 11.56 0.39
(b)Triangular part 0.012 11.390 0.94 0.01 11.39 0.13
5.0 Abutment cap 1.31 8.175 0.94 1.23 8.175 10.06
6.0 Abutment shaft 9.21 3.838 0.94 8.65 3.8375 33.19
7.0 Railing 12.42 12.397 0.94 12.397
7.0 Live Load 18.8 0.30 5.64 13.150 74.17

Total with LL 93.91 776.44
Case-II
Wind Force @450 Kg/m in the plane of the loaded chord of Deck slab = 450 x 14.28 = 64.26 KN
Moment at the bottom of the shaft = 64.26 x 10.49 = 673.93 KN.m
10
Case-III
Sl. Particulars Projected Wind Wind Moment
Ecc
No. Area Pressure Force MTT
(m2) (m) (Kg/m2) (KN) (KN.m)
1.0 Superstructure 41.77 10.4875 240.00 100.25 1051.33
2.0 Dirt wall 1.31 10.3125 240.00 3.14 32.42
3.0 Return wall
(a) Uniform part 40.3375 6.1875 240.00 96.81 599.01
(b)Triangular part 0.00 -1.13 240.00 0.00 0.00
4.0 Bracket
(a) Uniform part 0.036 11.56 240.00 0.09 1.00
(b)Triangular part 0.012 11.39 240.00 0.03 0.33
5.0 Abutment cap 1.31 8.175 240.00 3.14 25.70
6.0 Abutment shaft 9.21 3.84 240.00 22.10 84.82
7.0 Railing 12.42 12.397 240.00 29.82 369.64
8.0 Live Load 18.8 13.15 0.30 5.64 74.17

Total with LL 261.02 2238.42
Design Wind Force = 93.91 KN
Design Bending moment at the bottom of the shaft = 776.44 KN.m
Component along Traffic Direction = 776.44 sin0 = 0 KN.m
Component along current Direction = 776.44 cos0 = 776.44 KN.m
Design Bending moment at the bottom of pile cap = 776.44 + 261.02 x 1.800 = 1246.28 KN.m
Component along Traffic Direction = 1246.28 sin0 = 0 KN.m
Component along current Direction = 1246.28 cos0 = 1246.28 KN.m
11
Details of Loads and moments at the bottom of Abutment shaft unfactored
(1) Normal Case :- A = 5.7 m2 ZLL = 0.848 m3 ZTT = 0.85 m3
Eccentricity LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars (F)Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m
ELL ETT
load (KN) Load(KN) load (KN) Load(KN)
Superstructure 0 0 5000.00 0 0 5000.00 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 39.3 -15.72 0 39.30 -15.72 0
Return wall 0
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 302.53 -710.9484 0 302.5 -710.9484 0
(b)Triangular part -1.77 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.0 0.00 0
Corbel 0
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.08 -0.76 0 1.1 -0.76 0
(b)Triangular part -0.67 0 0.36 -0.24 0 0.4 -0.24 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 51.00 12.75 0 51.0 12.75 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1082.78 0 0 1073.17 0 0
Earth above Heel -1.24 0 0.00 0 0 0.0 0 0

Earth above Toe 1.24 0.00 0 0 0
Earth Pressure 0 0
(a)Vertical component 0 0.00 0.00 0
(b)Horizontal component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total without LL 6477.05 -714.91 0 6467.4 -714.91 0
LL Case-I 1300.63 3894.71 2263.09 1300.63 3894.71 2263.09
Total with LL case-I 7777.7 3179.80 2263.089 7768.1 3179.80 2263.09
LL Case-I I 199.37 2991.69 346.91 199.37 2991.69 346.91
Total with LL case-I I 6676.43 2276.77 346.91 6666.82 2276.77 346.91
Maximum Stress; Pmax 7796.11 KN/m2 7794.41 KN/m2
LL case -I
Minimum Stress;Pmin -5043.92 KN/m2 -5045.62 KN/m2
LL Case-II
12
(2) Wind Case :- A = 5.7 m2 ZLL = 0.848 m3 ZTT = 0.85 m3
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars Vertical MLL KN.m MTT KN.m Vertical MLL KN.m MTT KN.m
load (KN) load (KN)
Normal condition:LLcase-I 7777.7 3179.799 2263.089 7768.1 3179.80 2263.09
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 7777.7 3179.799 3039.532 7768.1 3179.799 3039.532
Pmax 8711.94 KN/m2 8710.24 KN/m2
Pmin -5959.753 KN/m2 -5961.453 KN/m2
Normal condition:LLcase-II 6676.4 2276.77 346.91 6666.8 2276.77 346.91
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 6676.4 2276.772 1123.354 6666.8 2276.772 1123.354
Pmax 5191.779 KN/m2 5190.079 KN/m2
Pmin -2829.278 KN/m2 -2830.978 KN/m2
13
SEISMIC CONDITION
Along Traffic Direction:- A = 5.7 m2 ZLL = 0.848 m3 ZTT = 0.85 m3
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Normal condition LLCase1 7777.68 3179.80 2263.09 7768.07 3179.80 2263.09
F Moment of Seismic Force 0.00 6126.21 0.00 0.00 6121.86 0.00
Total 7777.68 9306.01 2263.09 7768.07 9301.66 2263.09
Pmax 15022.12 KN/m2 15015.29 KN/m2

Pmin -12269.93 KN/m2 -12266.50 KN/m2
Normal condition LLCaseII 6676.43 2276.77 346.91 6666.82 2276.77 346.91
Moment of Seismic Force 0.00 6126.21 0.00 0.00 6121.86 0.00
Total 6676.4 8402.98 346.91 6666.8 8398.64 346.91
Pmax 11501.96 KN/m2 11495.13 KN/m2
Pmin
Along Current Direction :-

A = 5.7 m2 ZLL = 0.848 m3 ZTT = 0.85 m3
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Seismic Force 0.00 0.00 7996.93 0.00 0.00 7130.28
Total 7777.7 3179.80 10260.02 7768.1 3179.80 9393.373
Pmax 17228.68 KN/m2 16204.74 KN/m2

Pmin -14476.49 KN/m2 -13455.96 KN/m2
Seismic Force 0.00 0 7143.09 0.00 0.00 6276.45
Total 6676.43 3179.799 7490.006 6666.8 3179.80 6623.356
Pmax 13766.53 KN/m2 12742.6 KN/m2

Pmin -11404.03 KN/m2 -10383.5 KN/m2
14
Details of Loads and moments at the Top of Pile Cap unfactored
Particulars Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m
ELL ETT
Superstructure 0 0 5000.0 0 0 5000.0 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 39.3 -15.72 0 39.3 -15.72 0
Return wall 0
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 302.5 -710.9484 0 302.5 -710.9484 0
Corbel 0
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.1 -0.76 0 1.1 -0.76 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 51.0 12.75 0 51.0 12.75 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1082.78 0 0 1082.78 0 0
Pile cap 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Earth above Heel -1.2435 0 33.77 -41.99 0 33.77 -41.99 0
Earth above Toe 1.2435 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Earth Pressure 0 0 0
(a)Vertical component 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0
Total without LL 6510.82 -756.9016 0 6510.8 -756.9016 0
LL Case-I 1300.63 3894.71 2263.09 1300.63 3894.71 2263.09
LL Case-I I 199.37 2991.69 346.91 199.37 2991.69 346.91
15
(2) Wind Case :-
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 7811.44 3137.81 3039.53 7811.44 3137.81 3039.53
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 6710.19 2234.78 1123.35 6710.19 2234.78 1123.35
SEISMIC CONDITION
Along Traffic Direction:-
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Seismic Force 0.00 6126.21 0.00 0.00 6121.86 0.00
Total 7811.44 9264.023 2263.089 7811.4 9259.675 2263.089

Seismic Force 0.00 6126.21 0.00 0.00 6121.86 0.00
Total 6710.19 8361.00 346.91 6710.19 8356.65 346.91

LWL Case HFL Case
Verti MLL MTT Verti MLL MTT
cal cal
Particulars KN. KN. KN. KN.
load load
(KN) m m (KN) m m

Seismic Force 0.00 7996.93 0.00 7130.28
Total 7811.44 3137.81 10260.02 7811.44 3137.81 9393.373

Seismic Force 0.00 7143.09 0.00 6276.45
Total 6710.19 2234.78 7490.01 6710.19 2234.78 6623.36
16
Details of Loads and moments at the bottom of Pile cap Unfactored
(1) Normal Case :-
Particulars vert. MLL MTT vert. MLL MTT
ELL ETT
Load(KN)(KN.m) (KN.m) Load(KN) (KN.m) (KN.m)
Superstructure 0 0 5000.0 0 0 5000.0 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 39.3 -15.72 0 39.3 -15.72 0
Return wall
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 302.5 -710.948 0 302.5 -710.948 0
(b)Triangular part -1.77 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Bracket
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.1 -0.756 0 1.1 -0.756 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 51.0 12.75 0 51.0 12.75 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1082.78 0 0 1073.2 0 0
Pile cap 0 0 3325.5 0 0 2069.172 0 0

Earth above Heel -1.2435 0 33.8 -41.9872 0 31.4 -38.9947 0
Earth above Toe 1.2435 0.0 -9E-13 0 0.00 -9E-13 0
Earth Pressure
(a)Vertical component 0 0 0 0
(b)Horizontal component 129.5 0 124.9 0
Total without LL 9836.3 -627.445 0 8568.0 -628.99 0
LL Case-I 1300.63 3894.71 2263.1 1300.63 3894.71 2263.1
LL Case-I I 199.37 2991.686 346.91 199.37 2991.686 346.91
17
Seismic co-eff 0.039
(2) Seismic Case - Along Traffic Direction Along current Direction
LWL Case HFL Case LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars Vert. load Seismic Force Moment Vert. Seismic Moment Vert. load Seismic Moment Vert. Seismic Moment
Ecc (MLL) load Force Ecc (MLL) Force Ecc (MLL) load Force Ecc (MTT)
KN KN m KN.m KN KN m KN.m KN KN m KN.m KN KN m KN.m
Superstructure 5000.0 196.535946 10.83 2127.502 5000.0 196.5359 10.83 2127.5 5000.0 196.536 12.29 2414.9 5000.0 196.54 12.29 2414.9
Dirt wall 39.3 1.54477254 11.11 17.16628 39.3 1.544773 11.11 17.166 39.3 1.54477 11.11 17.166 39.3 1.5448 11.11 17.166
Return wall
(a) Uniform part 302.5 11.8916531 7.99 94.98 302.5 11.89165 7.99 94.98 302.5 11.8917 7.99 94.98 302.5 11.892 7.99 94.98
(b)Triangular part 0.0 0 0.67 0.00 0.0 0 0.67 0.00 0.0 0 0.67 0.00 0.0 0 0.67 0.00
Corbel 0.00 0.00
(a) Uniform part 1.1 0.04245176 13.36 0.57 1.1 0.042452 13.36 0.57 1.1 0.04245 13.36 0.57 1.1 0.0425 13.36 0.57
(b)Triangular part 0.4 0.01415059 13.19 0.19 0.4 0.014151 13.19 0.19 0.4 0.01415 13.19 0.19 0.4 0.0142 13.19 0.19
Abutment cap 51.0 2.00466665 9.98 19.99655 51.0 2.004667 9.98 19.997 51.0 2.00467 9.98 19.997 51.0 2.0047 9.98 19.997
Abutment shaft 1082.782 42.5611131 5.64 239.9383 1073.2 126.5503 5.64 713.43 1082.8 42.5611 5.64 239.94 1073.2 126.55 5.64 713.43
Pile cap 3325.455 130.714289 0.90 117.6429 2069.2 81.33334 0.90 73.2 3325.5 130.714 0.90 117.64 1267.5 49.821 0.90 44.839
Total without LL 385.309043 2617.984 419.9173 3047 385.309 2905.4 388.4 3306.1
Seismic+LL Along Traffic Direction Along Current Direction
Vert. load Moment Moment Vert. load Moment Moment Vert. load Moment Moment Vert. load Moment Moment
Particulars
(MLL) (MTT) (MLL) (MTT) (MLL) (MTT) (MLL) (MTT)
KN KN.m KN.m KN KN.m KN.m KN KN.m KN.m KN KN.m KN.m
Normal with LL case-I 11136.9 3267.27 2263.09 9868.6 3265.7 2263.1 11136.9 3267.3 2263.1 9868.6 3266 2263.1
Seismic without LL 0 2617.98397 0 0 3047.03 0 0 0 3017.19 0 0 3417.9
Total MAX. 11136.9 5885.3 2263.1 9868.6 6312.8 2263.1 11136.9 3267.3 5280.3 9868.6 3266 5681.0
Normal with LL case-II 10035.65 2364.24 346.91 8767.35 2362.7 346.91 10035.6 2364.24 346.91 8767.35 8767.3 346.91
Total MAX. 10035.6 4982.2 346.9 8767.3 5409.7 346.9 10035.6 2364.2 3364.1 8767.3 8767.3 3764.8
18
Details of vertical loads and moment on outermost PILE-ULS COMBINATION
Depth of the pile = 19.0 m 0.75 3.6m 0.75
Dia of the pile = 1.2 m 1.8
submerged unit wt. of concrete = 15 KN/m3 0.85
Self wt. of each pile = 322.164 KN
No. of piles = 10
Spacing of piles
Along Traffic direction = 3.6 m
Along current direction = 3.6 m 3.6
ILL = Σx2 = 32.4 m2
ITT = Σy2 = 129.6 m2
Normal condition - LWL Case
Total Vertical Load = 11136.9 KN

MLL = 3267.3 KN
MTT = 2263.09 KN 3.6
Vertical Load on outermost pile (a) Due to vertical load :- = 1113.69 KN

(b) Due to MLL = 181.5149 KN
© Due to MTT = 94.30 KN
(d) Due to self weight = 322.164 KN
Maxm. Load = 1711.66 KN 3.6

Minm.Load = 1160.04 KN
3.6
0.85
19
Normal condition: -
LWL Case HFL Case
Vert. Maxm. Minm. Vert. Load Maxm. Minm.
Particulars
Load MLL MTT Load Load MLL MTT Load Load
KN KN.m KN.m KN KN KN KN.m KN.m KN KN
LL Case-I 11136.9 3267.3 2263.1 1711.7 1160.044 9868.601 3265.72 2263.09 1584.7 1033.3
LL Case-I I 10035.6 2364.2 346.91 1471.5 1179.927 8767.35 2362.7 346.91 1344.6 1053.2
Wind Condition :-
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
LL Case-I 11136.9 3267.3 3509.4 1763.6 1108.115 9868.6 3265.7 3509.37 1636.7 981.37
LL Case-I I 10035.6 2364.2 1593.19 1523.5 1127.999 8767.35 2362.7 1593.19 1396.5 1001.3
Seismic along Traffic Condition :-
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
LL Case-I 11136.9 5885.3 2263.1 1857.1 1014.6 9868.6 6312.8 2263.1 1754 864.02
LL Case-I I 10035.6 4982.2 346.9 1617 1034.484 8767.3 5409.7 346.9 1513.9 883.9 Critical Case :-
Seismic along current Condition :- Normal Case:-
LWL Case HFL Case Pmax= 1711.7 < 2480.5
Vert. Maxm. Minm. Vert. Load Maxm. Minm. Wind Case
Particulars
Load MLL MTT Load Load MLL MTT Load Load Pmax= 1763.6 < 3224.7
KN KN.m KN.m KN KN KN KN.m KN.m KN KN Seismic Case
LL Case-I 11136.9 3267.3 5280.3 1837.4 1034.327 9868.6 3265.7 5680.97 1727.2 890.89 Pmax= 1857.1 < 3100.6
LL Case-I I 10035.6 2364.2 3364.10 1597.2 1054.211 8767.3 8767.35 3764.79 1842.8 554.96
20
Details of Horizontal Forces at the bottom of pile cap
(i)Normal condition :-
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
HLL(KN) HTT(KN) HLL(KN) HTT(KN)
LL Case-I At Bearing Level 201.42 0 201.42 0
Earth pressure 144.69 0 139.98 0
Relief 0 0 0 0
Total at Pile cap 346.11 0.00 341.40 0.00
Resultant 346.11 341.40
Force on each pile 34.61 34.14
LL Case-II At Bearing Level 201.42 0 201.42 0
Relief 0 0 0.00 0
Total at Pile cap 346.11 0.00 341.40 0.00
Resultant 346.11 341.40
(ii) Wind Condition :- `

LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
Normal case with 0 LL 346.11 0 341.40 0
span loaded 346.11 0 341.40 0
Wind Force with 0 LL 0 93.91 0 93.91
span loaded 0 93.91 0 93.91
LL load Case-I Total 346.11 93.91 341.40 93.91
Resultant at the pile cap bottom 358.62 354.08
Water current force on pile 0 0
Total on each pile 35.862 35.408
LL load Case-II Total 346.11 93.91 341.40 93.91
21
(iii) Seismic Along traffic direction Condition :- `
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
span loaded 346.11 0 341.40 0
Seismic Force with 0 LL 385.31 0.00 385.31 0.00
span loaded 0 0.00 0 0.00
(iv)Seismic along current direction Condition :- `
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
span loaded 346.11 0 341.40 0
Seismic Force with 0 LL 0 0.00 0 0.00
span loaded 0 463.35 0 385.31
Water current force on pile 0 0.00
22
CALCULATION OF FIXITY OF PILES (For Long piles i.e. Le > 4T)
Refer Appendix-C of IS:2911(Part-I;section-2)
EI
The Equivalent Length of Cantilever; T =5 K1
Where, for Concrete Grade = M35

And Dia of the Pile d = 120 cm
4
Moment of Inertia =πd4/64 I = 10182857.14 cm = 0.10182857 m4
2
Young's Modulus of concrete E = 315000 Kg/cm = 31500000 KN/m2
Constant K1 for dense sand = 0.525 Kg/cm2
T = 360.75 cm = 3.61 m
L1 = 0.300 m
L1/T = 0.0832
From Fig.2 of Appendix -C of IS:2911
For, L1/T = 0.0832 ; Lf/T = 2
Hence, Lf = 2.00 x 3.61 = 7.21 m

Embedded length Le = 19.300 m > 14.43 m,(4T); Hence pile will behave like a long column
For fixed head pile and L1/T = 0.0832 , reduction factor m = 0.87 (Fig-3B of IS:2911)
Moment at the critical section = m.Q.(L1+Lf)/2
= 0.87 x 3.7575 x Q
= 3.269 Q where Q is the horizontal force applied at the top of the pile
Wt. of the pile upto critical section = 191.14 KN
3
Q(L1+Lf)
The pile head Deflection Y = = 0.8065 < 12 mm ;hence O.K.
12 EI
23
DETAILS OF LOADS AND MOMENTS AT CRITICAL SECTION OF PILES
No. of piles = 10
Spacing of piles
Along current direction = 3.6 m
CALCULATION OF PILE LOAD ( UNDER SLS LOAD COMBINATION )

Geometry of Pile Group
Geometry of Pile Group
Trans Long A xi^2 yi^2
Pile No.
xi yi
1 -1.8 7.2 1 3.24 51.84
2 -1.8 3.6 1 3.24 12.96
3 -1.8 0.0 1 3.24 0
4 -1.8 -3.6 1 3.24 12.96
5 -1.8 -7.2 1 3.24 51.84
6 1.8 -7.2 1 3.24 51.84
7 1.8 -3.6 1 3.24 12.96
8 1.8 0.0 1 3.24 0
9 1.8 3.6 1 3.24 12.96
10 1.8 7.2 1 3.24 51.84
10 32.4 259.2
2
ILL = Σx = 32.4 m2
2
ITT = Σy = 129.60 m2
Normal Case :-
Self wt. of the pile upto critical section = 191.14 KN
Moment in the pile upto critical section = 3.269 Q
Seismic Case :-
24
NORMAL CASE :-
LWL Case Per Pile HFL Case Per Pile
Vert. Horiz. Max. Min. Moment in Vert. Horiz. Max. Min. Moment in
Particulars MLL MTT MLL MTT
Load Force Load Load Pile Load Force Load Load Pile
(KN) KN.m KN.m KN KN KN KN.m (KN) KN.m KN.m KN KN KN KN.m
LL Case-I 11136.9 3267.3 2263.1 34.61 1870.6 1319 113.14 9868.6 3265.7 2263.1 34.14 1743.7 1192.2 111.604
LL Case-II 10036 2364.2 346.91 34.61 1630.5 1338.9 113.14 8767.3 2362.7 346.9 34.14 1503.5 1212.1 111.604
WIND CASE
LL Case-I 11136.9 3267.3 3509.4 35.86 1922.5 1267 117.235 9868.6 3265.7 3509.4 35.41 1795.6 1140.3 115.749
LL Case-II 10035.6 2364.2 1593.2 35.86 1682.4 1286.9 117.235 8767.3 2362.7 1593.2 35.41 1555.5 1160.2 115.749
25
SEISMIC CASE ALONG TRAFFIC DIRECTION :-
LL Case-I 11136.9 5885.3 2263.1 73.14 2016 1173.5 239.102 9868.6 6312.8 2263.1 72.67 1913 1023 237.56
LL Case-II 10035.6 4982.2 346.9 73.14 1775.9 1193.4 239.102 8767.3 5409.7 346.9 72.67 1672.8 1042.8 237.56
SEISMIC CASE ALONG CURRENT DIRECTION :-

LL Case-I 11136.9 3267.3 5280.3 57.83 1996.3 1193.3 189.06 9868.6 3265.7 5681.0 51.48 1886.1 1049.8 168.29
LL Case-II 10035.6 2364.2 3364.1 52.69 1756.2 1213.1 172.24 8767.3 8767.3 3764.8 51.48 2001.8 713.89 168.29
26
CALCULATION OF AXIAL CAPACITY OF PILE (Refer IRC:78-2000;Appendix-5)
Depth of the pile = 19 m
Ultimate Load carrying Capacity of Pile Qu = Ru + Rf
where,
Ru = Ultimate Base Resistance = Ap(1/2 DγNγ +PdNq)+ApNcCp
Rf = Ultimate Shaft Resistance = ΣKPdi tanδ Asi +α C As
Dia of the Pile = 1.2 m
1st Layer DEPTH = 3 M 2 m pile cap

Angle of Internal Friction of soil φ = 0 degrees
Angle of Wall Frictionbetween pile and soil ;δ = 0 degrees
Moisture Content of the soil w = 0.16
Dry Density of the soil γd = 19.2 KN/m3
Bulk Density of the soil = γd(1+w) γ = 22.272 KN/m3
Effective unit Wt. of the soil γe1 = 10 KN/m3
Bearing Capacity Factors Nc = 9
Nγ = 5.39
Average Cohesion Cp = 0 KN/m2
Total Depth of 1st Layer D1 = 3 m
2ND LAYER
DEPTH 3 M
Nγ = 3.746
Total Depth of 1st Layer D1 = 3m
3nd Layer
DEPTH 5 M
Nq = 24.44
Nγ = 32.65
Total Depth of 2nd Layer D2 = 5 m
27
4TH Layer DEPTH 8 M
Nq = 45
Nγ = 72.56
Total Depth of 2nd Layer D2 = 8 m
Cross sectional Area of the pile at the tip Ap = 1.1304 m2

Effective Overburden Pressure at the tip
of the pile = Pd = (γe1 D1 +γe2 D2) = 80 KN/m2
Ultimate Base Resistance of the Pile :- Ru = 1.1 x( 0.5 x 1.2 x 10 x 33 +

80 x 24 )+ 1.1 x 9x 0
= 2431.603 KN
Ultimate Load carrying Capacity of Pile Qu = Ru + Rf
where,
Ru = Ultimate Base Resistance = Ap(1/2 DγNγ +PdNq)+ApNcCp
Rf = Ultimate Shaft Resistance = ΣKPdi tanδ Asi +α C As
Layer Depth K Pdi*γ φ δ tanδ Asi K*Pdi* α C As αxCxAs

eD tanδ*Asi
1 0 1.5 30 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.5 0 0 0
2 3 1.5 30 17 17 0.31 11 155.73 0.5 0 11 0
3 5 1.5 50 32 32 0.63 19 884.19 0.5 0 19 0
4 8 1.5 80 37 37 0.75 30 2729.77 0.5 0 30 0
16
3769.685 0 KN
Ultimate Base Resistance of the Pile :- Rf = 3769.685 KN
Ultimate Axial Capacity of the Pile :- Qu = 6201.288 KN
Allowable Axial Capacity of the pile Qa = 6201.288 / 2.5 = 2480.515
28
FACTOR OF SAFETY
LOAD STRUCTURAL STRENGTH EQUILIBRIUM SERVICEABILITY
RARE COMBINATION FREQUENT QUASI PERMANENT
DEAD LOAD 1.35 1.05 1.00 1.00 1
SIDL 1.75 1.35 1.00 1.00 1
EARTH PREESURE 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1
LIVE LOAD (LEADING) 1.50 1.50 1.00 0.75
LIVE LOAD(ACCOMPANYING) 1.15 1.15 0.75 0.20
WIND LOAD 1.50 1.50 1.00 0.60
SEISMIC LOAD 1.50 1.50
HYDRAULIC LOAD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
FACTORED LOAD = LOAD X FACTOR OF SAFETY, FACTORED MOMENT=MOMENT X FACTOR OF SAFETY
FACTOR OF SAFTEY EQUILIBRIUM (TABLE 3.1) PG 75 IRC 6 :2014
FACTOR OF SAFTEY STRUCTURAL STRENGTH (TABLE 3.2) PG 77 IRC 6 :2014
FACTOR OF SAFTEY SERVICEABILITY (TABLE 3.3) PG 78 IRC 6 :2014
29
Details of Loads and moments at the bottom of Abutment shaft ULS COMBINATION
Facto Eccentricity LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars r of (F)Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m
ELL ETT
Safet load (KN) Load(KN) load (KN) Load(KN)
Superstructure 1.35 0 0 6750.00 0 0 6750.00 0 0
Dirt wall 1.35 -0.4 0 53.1 -21.22 0 53.05 -21.22 0
Return wall 0
(a) Uniform part 1.35 -2.35 0 408.42 -959.7804 0 408.4 -959.7804 0
(b)Triangular part 1.35 -1.77 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.0 0.00 0
Corbel 0
(a) Uniform part 1.35 -0.7 0 1.46 -1.02 0 1.5 -1.02 0
(b)Triangular part 1.35 -0.67 0 0.49 -0.32 0 0.5 -0.32 0
Abutment cap 1.35 0.25 0 68.85 17.2125 0 68.9 17.21 0
Abutment shaft 1.35 0 0 1461.76 0 0 250.85 0 0
Earth above Heel 1.5 -1.24 0 0.00 0 0 0.0 0 0

Earth above Toe 1.5 1.24 0.00 0 0 0
-965.1345 -965.1345
Earth Pressure 0 0
(b)Horizontal componen 1.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total without LL 8744.02 -965.13 0 7533.1 -965.13 0
LL Case-I 1939.34 5842.07 3394.63 1939.34 5842.07 3394.63
LL Case-I I 310.66 4487.53 520.37 310.66 4487.53 520.37
LL case -I
LL Case-II
30
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Wind Force 1164.66 1164.66
Total 10683.4 4876.935 4559.298 9472.5 4876.935 4559.298
Pmax 13020.45 KN/m2 12806.21 KN/m2
Pmin -9240.067 KN/m2 -9454.311 KN/m2
Wind Force 1164.66 1164.66
Total 9054.7 3522.395 1685.031 7843.8 3522.395 1685.031
Pmax 7744.313 KN/m2 7530.069 KN/m2
Pmin -4540.249 KN/m2 -4754.494 KN/m2
31
SEISMIC CONDITION
Along Traffic Direction:- A = 5.7 m2 ZLL = 0.848 m3 ZTT = 0.85 m3
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Normal condition LLCase1 9131.89 203.28 678.93 7920.98 203.28 678.93
F Moment of Seismic Force 0.00 9189.32 0.00 0.00 9182.80 0.00
Total 9131.89 9392.60 678.93 7920.98 9386.07 678.93 Moment due to dynamic increment
= 0.00 KNm
Pmax 13495.29 KN/m2 13273.35 KN/m2
Pmin -10263.91 KN/m2 -10470.46 KN/m2
Normal condition LLCaseII 8806.15 -67.63 104.07 7595.25 -67.63 104.07
Moment of Seismic Force 0.00 9189.32 0.00 0.00 9182.80 0.00
Total 8806.2 9121.69 104.07 7595.2 9115.17 104.07
Pmax 12440.06 KN/m2 12218.13 KN/m2
Pmin

A = 5.7 m2 ZLL = 0.848 m3 ZTT = 0.85 m3
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Seismic Force 0.00 0.00 11995.40 0.00 0.00 10695.43
Total 9131.9 203.28 12674.33 7921.0 203.28 11374.35
Pmax 16805.13 KN/m2 15057.54 KN/m2

Pmin -13573.75 KN/m2 -12254.64 KN/m2
Seismic Force 0.00 0 10714.64 0.00 0.00 9414.67
Total 8806.15 203.2794 11235.01 7595.2 203.28 9935.034
Pmax 15049.79 KN/m2 13302.19 KN/m2

Pmin -11933.67 KN/m2 -10614.56 KN/m2
32
As per Table 3.2 Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Structural Strength
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN ULS LOAD COMBINATION

LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars (F)Vertical MLL KN.m MTT KN.m Vertical MLL KN.m MTT KN.m
load (KN) load (KN)
basic combination`max 10683.4 4876.9 3394.6 9472.5 4876.9 3394.6

basic combination`min case 9054.68 3522.40 520.37 7843.78 3522.40 520.37
Wind load combination max case 10683.4 4876.935 4559.298 9472.5 4876.935 4559.298
Wind load combination mini case 9054.7 3522.40 520.37 7843.8 3522.40 520.37
Seismic Combination max case 9131.89 9392.60 678.93 7920.98 9386.07 678.93
Seismic Combination min case 8806.2 9121.7 104.1 7595.2 9115.2 104.1
Pmax 10683.4 KN
MLL 9392.6 KNm Design moment = 9987.2 KNm
MTT 3394.6 KNm
33
Details of Loads and moments at the Top of Pile Cap ULS BASIC COMBINATION
ELL ETT
Superstructure 0 0 6750.0 0 0 6750.0 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 53.1 -21.22 0 53.1 -21.22 0
Return wall 0
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 408.4 -959.7804 0 408.4 -959.7804 0
Corbel 0
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.5 -1.02 0 1.5 -1.02 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 68.9 17.2125 0 68.9 17.2125 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1461.76 0 0 263.09 0 0
Pile cap 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Earth above Heel -1.24 0 45.58 -56.68 0 45.58 -56.68 0
Earth above Toe 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Total without LL 8789.60 -1021.817 0 7590.9 -1021.817 0
LL Case-I 1939.34 5842.07 3394.63 1939.34 5842.07 3394.63
LL Case-I I 310.66 4487.53 520.37 310.66 4487.53 520.37
34
(2) Wind Case :-
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Wind Force 1164.66 1164.66
Total 10728.94 4820.25 4559.30 9530.27 4820.25 4559.30
Wind Force 1164.66 1164.66
Total 9100.27 3465.71 1685.03 7901.60 3465.71 1685.03
SEISMIC CONDITION
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Seismic Force 0.00 9189.32 0.00 0.00 9182.80 0.00
Total 9177.47 9335.914 678.9267 7978.8 9329.392 678.9267
Normal condition:LLcase-II 8851.74 -124.31 104.07 7653.07 -124.31 104.07

Seismic Force 0.00 9189.32 0.00 0.00 9182.80 0.00
Total 8851.74 9065.01 104.07 7653.07 9058.48 104.07

LWL Case HFL Case
Verti MLL MTT Verti MLL MTT
cal cal
Particulars KN. KN. KN. KN.
load load
(KN) m m (KN) m m

Seismic Force 0.00 11995.40 0.00 10695.43
Total 9177.47 146.60 12674.33 7978.80 146.60 11374.35
Normal condition:LLcase-II 8851.74 -124.31 104.07 7653.07 -124.31 104.07

Seismic Force 0.00 10714.64 0.00 9414.67
Total 8851.74 -124.31 10818.72 7653.07 -124.31 9518.74
35
LOAD COMBINATION FOR PILE CAP DESIGN

LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)

Seismic Combination min case 8851.74 -124.31 10818.72 7653.07 -124.31 9518.74
Pmax 10728.9 KN
MLL 4820.3 KNm Design moment = 5895.6 KNm
MTT 3394.6 KNm
36
Details of Loads and moments at the bottom of Pile cap ULS COMBINATION
(1) Normal Case :-
ELL ETT
Superstructure 0 0 6750.0 0 0 6750.0 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 53.1 -21.222 0 53.1 -21.222 0
Return wall
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 408.4 -959.78 0 408.4 -959.78 0
Bracket
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.5 -1.0206 0 1.5 -1.0206 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 68.9 17.2125 0 68.9 17.2125 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1461.76 0 0 338.6 0 0
Pile cap 0 0 4489.4 0 0 2793.382 0 0

Earth above Heel -1.2435 0 50.6 -62.9808 0 47.0 -58.492 0
Earth above Toe 1.2435 0.0 -1.4E-12 0 0.00 -1.4E-12 0
-1028.12 -1023.63
Earth Pressure
Total without LL 13284.0 -833.931 0 10461.3 -836.247 0
LL Case-I 1939.34 18568.97 3394.6 1939.34 18568.97 3394.6
LL Case-I I 310.66 17246.06 587.48 310.66 17246.06 587.48
37
Secimic coeff h = 0.05896078 h 0.06
(2) Seismic Case - Along Traffic Direction Along current Direction
Particulars Vert. load Seismic Force Moment Vert. Seismic Moment Vert. load Seismic Moment Vert. Seismic Moment
Ecc (MLL) load Force Ecc (MLL) Force Ecc (MLL) load Force Ecc (MTT)
KN KN m KN.m KN KN m KN.m KN KN m KN.m KN KN m KN.m
Superstructure 5000.0 294.80392 10.83 3191.252 5000.0 294.8039 10.83 3191.3 5000.0 294.804 12.29 3622.4 5000.0 294.8 12.29 3622.4
Dirt wall 39.3 2.317 11.11 25.7 39.3 2.32 11.11 25.749 39.3 2.3 11.11 25.749 39.3 2.3172 11.11 25.749
Return wall
(a) Uniform part 302.5 17.8374797 7.99 142.48 302.5 17.83748 7.99 142.48 302.5 17.8375 7.99 142.48 302.5 17.837 7.99 142.48
(b)Triangular part 0.0 0 0.67 0.00 0.0 0 0.67 0.00 0.0 0 0.67 0.00 0.0 0 0.67 0.00
Corbel 0.00 0.00
(a) Uniform part 1.1 0.06 13.36 0.85 1.1 0.06 13.36 0.85 1.1 0.06368 13.36 0.85 1.1 0.0637 13.36 0.85
(b)Triangular part 0.4 0.02 13.19 0.28 0.4 0.021 13.19 0.28 0.4 0.02 13.19 0.28 0.4 0.1296 13.19 1.71
Abutment cap 51.0 3.00699998 9.98 29.99 51.0 3.0 9.98 29.995 51.0 3.01 9.98 29.995 51.0 3.007 9.98 29.995
Abutment shaft 1082.782 63.8416696 5.64 359.91 1448.8 29.58 5.64 166.76 1082.8 63.84 5.64 359.91 1448.8 29.58 5.64 166.76
Pile cap 3325.455 196.071434 0.90 176.5 2793.4 167.6 0.90 150.84 3325.5 196.07 0.90 176.46 1267.5 74.732 0.90 67.258
Total without LL 577.96 3927.0 515.23 3708.2 577.964 4358.1 422.47 4057.2
Seismic+LL Along Traffic Direction Along Current Direction
Vert. load Moment Moment Vert. load Moment Moment Vert. load Moment Moment Vert. load Moment Moment
Particulars
(MLL) (MTT) (MLL) (MTT) (MLL) (MTT) (MLL) (MTT)
KN KN.m KN.m KN KN.m KN.m KN KN.m KN.m KN KN.m KN.m
Normal with LL case-I 15223.4 17735.04 3394.63 12400.7 17732.7 3394.6 15223.4 17735.0 3394.6 12400.7 17733 3394.6
Total MAX. 15223.4 23625.5 3394.6 12400.7 23295.0 3394.6 15223.4 17735.0 10121.1 12400.7 17733 9669.7
Normal with LL case-II 13594.70 16412.13 587.48 10771.99 16409.8 587.48 13594.7 16412.13 587.48 10771.99 10772.0 587.48
Total MAX. 13594.7 22302.6 587.5 10772.0 21972.1 587.5 13594.7 16412.1 7314.0 10772.0 10772.0 6862.6
38
No. of piles = 10
Spacing of piles
ILL = Σx2 = 32.4 m2
2
ITT = Σy = 129.6 m2

MLL = 17735.0 KN
MTT = 3394.63 KN 3.6

(b) Due to MLL = 985.2798 KN
Maxm. Load = 2971.22 KN 3.6

3.6
0.85
39
Normal condition: -
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
LL Case-I 15223.4 17735.0 3394.6 2971.2 717.7782 12400.67 17732.7 3394.634 2688.8 435.64
LL Case-I I 13594.7 16412.1 587.48 2617.9 745.3705 10771.99 16409.8 587.48 2335.5 463.23
Wind Condition :-
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
LL Case-I 15223.4 17735.0 5264.1 3049.1 639.8858 12400.7 17732.7 5264.05 2766.7 357.74
LL Case-I I 13594.7 16412.1 2456.90 2695.8 667.4782 10771.99 16409.8 2456.90 2413.4 385.34
Seismic along Traffic Condition :-
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
LL Case-I 15223.4 23625.5 3394.6 3298.5 390.5302 12400.7 23295.0 3394.6 2997.8 126.62
LL Case-I I 13594.7 22302.6 587.5 2945.1 418.1225 10772.0 21972.1 587.5 2644.5 154.21 Critical Case :-
Seismic along current Condition :- Normal Case:-
LWL Case HFL Case Pmax= 2971.2 < 2480.5
Vert. Maxm. Minm. Vert. Load Maxm. Minm. Wind Case
Particulars
KN KN.m KN.m KN KN KN KN.m KN.m KN KN Seismic Case
LL Case-I 15223.4 17735.0 10121.1 3251.5 437.5084 12400.7 17732.7 9670 2950.3 174.17 Pmax= 3298.5 < 3100.6
LL Case-I I 13594.7 16412.1 7313.96 2898.2 465.1007 10772.0 10771.99 6863 2283.7 514.98
40
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
Relief 0 0 0 0
Total at Pile cap 640.09 0.00 633.02 0.00
Resultant 640.09 633.02
Relief 0 0 0.00 0
Total at Pile cap 640.09 0.00 633.02 0.00
Resultant 640.09 633.02

LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
span loaded 640.09 0 633.02 0
span loaded 0 140.86 0 140.86
41
(iii) Seismic Along traffic direction Condition :- `
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
span loaded 567.74 0 563.03 0
Seismic Force with 0 LL 866.95 0.00 866.95 0.00
span loaded 0 0.00 0 0.00
Resultant at the pile cap bottom 1434.7 1430
Force on each pile 143.47 143
Total on each pile 143.47 143
Resultant at the pile cap bottom 1434.7 1430
Force on each pile 143.47 143
Total on each pile 143.47 143
(iv)Seismic along current direction Condition :- `
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
span loaded 567.74 0 563.03 0
Seismic Force with 0 LL 0 0.00 0 0.00
span loaded 0 983.31 0 866.95
Water current force on pile 0 0.00
42
EI

4
2
T = 360.75 cm = 3.61 m
L1 = 0.300 m
L1/T = 0.0832
For, L1/T = 0.0832 ; Lf/T = 2 [Ref: Fig. 4 APPENDIX - C of IS - 2911 (Part 1/ Sec 2)]
Hence, Lf = 2.00 x 3.61 = 7.21 m

= 0.87 x 3.7575 x Q
Q(L1+Lf)3
12 EI
43
No. of piles = 10
Spacing of piles
ILL = Σx2 = 32.4 m2
ITT = Σy2 = 129.6 m2
Normal Case :-
Seismic Case :-
NORMAL CASE :-
LL Case-I 15223.4 17735.0 3394.6 64.01 3130.2 876.71 209.25 12400.7 17732.7 3394.6 63.30 2847.8 594.57 206.935
LL Case-II 13595 16412.1 587.48 64.01 2776.8 904.3 209.25 10772.0 16409.8 587.5 63.30 2494.4 622.16 206.935
WIND CASE
LL Case-I 15223.4 17735.0 5264.1 65.54 3208.1 798.82 214.252 12400.7 17732.7 5264.1 64.85 2925.7 516.68 211.997
LL Case-II 13594.7 16412.1 2456.9 65.54 2854.7 826.41 214.252 10772.0 16409.8 2456.9 64.85 2572.3 544.27 211.997
44
SEISMIC CASE ALONG TRAFFIC DIRECTION :-
LL Case-I 15223.4 23625.5 3394.6 143.47 3457.4 549.46 469.001 12400.7 23295.0 3394.6 143.00 3156.8 285.55 467.46
LL Case-II 13594.7 22302.6 587.5 143.47 3104.1 577.06 469.001 10772.0 21972.1 587.5 143.00 2803.4 313.15 467.46
SEISMIC CASE ALONG CURRENT DIRECTION :-

LL Case-I 15223.4 17735.0 10121.1 113.54 3410.4 596.44 371.18 12400.7 17732.7 9669.7 103.37 3109.2 333.11 337.93
LL Case-II 13594.7 16412.1 7314.0 105.19 3057.1 624.03 343.88 10772.0 10772.0 6862.6 103.37 2442.7 673.91 337.93
45
CALCULATION OF FIXITY OF PILES (FOR SHORT PILES I.e. Le <4T )
4
L = 12 m E = 315000 Kg/cm2 I = 10182857 cm
Wt. of each pile = 481.1 KN
Moment in each pile = Q x L/2
= Q x 9.5
Dflection of Pile Q x L3
=
12 EI
= 0.6441 < 12 mm O.K.
46
FACTOR OF SAFETY
LOAD SLS RARE COMBINATION EQUILIBRIUM SERVICEABILITY
RARE COMBINATION FREQUENT QUASI PERMANENT
DEAD LOAD 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1
SIDL 1.00 1.35 1.00 1.00 1
EARTH PREESURE 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.00 1
LIVE LOAD (LEADING) 1.00 1.50 1.00 0.75
LIVE LOAD(ACCOMPANYING) 0.75 1.15 0.75 0.20
WIND LOAD 1.00 1.50 1.00 0.60
SEISMIC LOAD 0.00 1.50
HYDRAULIC LOAD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
FACTORED LOAD = LOAD X FACTOR OF SAFETY, FACTORED MOMENT=MOMENT X FACTOR OF SAFETY
FACTOR OF SAFTEY EQUILIBRIUM (TABLE 3.1) PG 75 IRC 6 :2014
FACTOR OF SAFTEY STRUCTURAL STRENGTH (TABLE 3.2) PG 77 IRC 6 :2014
FACTOR OF SAFTEY SERVICEABILITY (TABLE 3.3) PG 78 IRC 6 :2014
47
Details of Loads and moments at the bottom of Abutment shaft SLS COMBINATION
Particulars (F)Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m Vertical Horizontal MLL KN.m MTT KN.m
ELL ETT
Superstructure 0 0 5000.00 0 0 5000.00 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 39.3 -15.72 0 39.30 -15.72 0
Return wall 0
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 302.53 -710.9484 0 302.5 -710.9484 0
Corbel 0
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.08 -0.76 0 1.1 -0.76 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 51.00 12.75 0 51.0 12.75 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1082.78 0 0 250.85 0 0
Earth above Heel -1.24 0 0.00 0 0 0.0 0 0

Earth above Toe 1.24 0.00 0 0 0
Earth Pressure 0 0
(a)Vertical component 0 0.00 0.00 0
Total without LL 6477.05 -714.91 0 5645.1 -714.91 0
LL Case-I 1292.34 3894.71 2263.09 1292.34 3894.71 2263.09
LL Case-I I 207.66 2991.69 346.91 207.66 2991.69 346.91
LL case -I
LL Case-II
48
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 7769.4 3179.799 3039.532 6937.5 3179.799 3039.532
Pmax 8710.473 KN/m2 8563.281 KN/m2
Pmin -5961.219 KN/m2 -6108.412 KN/m2
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 6684.7 2276.772 1123.354 5852.8 2276.772 1123.354
Pmax 5193.245 KN/m2 5046.052 KN/m2
Pmin -2827.812 KN/m2 -2975.005 KN/m2
49
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN SLS LOAD RARE COMBINATION
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)

Pmax 7769.4 KN
MLL 3179.8 KNm Design Moment = 4398.85 RARE COMBINATION
MTT 3039.5 KNm
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN SLS LOAD QUASI COMBINATION
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
basic combination`max 6477.1 -714.9 0.0 5645.1 -714.9 0.0

basic combination`min case 6477.05 -714.91 0.00 5645.12 -714.91 0.00
Pmax 6477.1 KN
MLL -714.9 KNm Design Moment = 714.91 QUASI PERMANENT
MTT 0.0 KNm
50
Details of Loads and moments at the Top of Pile Cap ULS BASIC COMBINATION
ELL ETT
Superstructure 0 0 5000.0 0 0 5000.0 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 39.3 -15.72 0 39.3 -15.72 0
Return wall 0
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 302.5 -710.9484 0 302.5 -710.9484 0
Corbel 0
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.1 -0.76 0 1.1 -0.76 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 51.0 12.75 0 51.0 12.75 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1082.78 0 0 263.09 0 0
Pile cap 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Earth above Heel -1.24 0 33.77 -41.99 0 33.77 -41.99 0
Earth above Toe 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Total without LL 6510.82 -756.9016 0 5691.1 -756.9016 0
LL Case-I 1292.34 3894.71 2263.09 1292.34 3894.71 2263.09
LL Case-I I 207.66 2991.69 346.91 207.66 2991.69 346.91
51
(2) Wind Case :-
LWL Case HFL Case
load (KN) load (KN)
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 7803.16 3137.81 3039.53 6983.46 3137.81 3039.53
Wind Force 776.44 776.44
Total 6718.48 2234.78 1123.35 5898.79 2234.78 1123.35
52
Details of Loads and moments at the bottom of Pile cap ULS COMBINATION
(1) Normal Case :-
ELL ETT
Superstructure 0 0 5000.0 0 0 5000.0 0 0
Dirt wall -0.4 0 39.3 -15.72 0 39.3 -15.72 0
Return wall
(a) Uniform part -2.35 0 302.5 -710.948 0 302.5 -710.948 0
Bracket
(a) Uniform part -0.7 0 1.1 -0.756 0 1.1 -0.756 0
Abutment cap 0.25 0 51.0 12.75 0 51.0 12.75 0
Abutment shaft 0 0 1082.78 0 0 250.8 0 0
Pile cap 0 0 3325.5 0 0 2069.172 0 0

Earth above Heel -1.2435 0 33.8 -41.9872 0 31.4 -38.9947 0
Earth above Toe 1.2435 0.0 -9E-13 0 0.00 -9E-13 0
Earth Pressure
Total without LL 9836.3 -627.445 0 7745.7 -628.99 0
LL Case-I 1292.34 12379.31 2263.1 1292.34 12379.31 2263.1
LL Case-I I 207.66 11497.37 391.65 207.66 11497.37 391.65
53
No. of piles = 10
Spacing of piles
ILL = Σx2 = 32.4 m2
2
ITT = Σy = 129.6 m2

MLL = 11751.9 KN
MTT = 2263.09 KN 3.6

(b) Due to MLL = 652.8815 KN
Maxm. Load = 2182.20 KN 3.6

3.6
0.85
54
Normal condition: -
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
LL Case-I 11128.6 11751.9 2263.1 2182.2 687.8484 9037.989 11750.3 2263.09 1973.1 478.87
LL Case-I I 10043.9 10869.9 391.65 1946.8 706.3538 7953.31 10868.4 391.65 1737.6 497.38
Wind Condition :-
LWL Case HFL Case Critical Case :-
Vert. Maxm. Minm. Vert. Load Maxm. Minm. Normal Case:-
Particulars
KN KN.m KN.m KN KN KN KN.m KN.m KN KN Wind Case
LL Case-I 11128.6 11751.9 3509.4 2234.1 635.9201 9038.0 11750.3 3509.37 2025 426.94 Pmax= 2234.1 < 3224.7
LL Case-I I 10043.9 10869.9 1637.93 1998.7 654.4255 7953.31 10868.4 1637.93 1789.5 445.45
55
LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
Relief 0 0 0 0
Total at Pile cap 458.06 0.00 453.35 0.00
Resultant 458.06 453.35
Relief 0 0 0.00 0
Total at Pile cap 458.06 0.00 453.35 0.00
Resultant 458.06 453.35

LWL Case HFL Case
Particulars
span loaded 458.06 0 453.35 0
span loaded 0 93.91 0 93.91
56
EI

4
2
T = 360.75 cm = 3.61 m
L1 = 0.300 m
L1/T = 0.0832
For, L1/T = 0.0832 ; Lf/T = 2 [Ref: Fig. 4 APPENDIX - C of IS - 2911 (Part 1/ Sec 2)]
Hence, Lf = 2.00 x 3.61 = 7.21 m

= 0.87 x 3.7575 x Q
3
Q(L1+Lf)
12 EI
57
No. of piles = 10
Spacing of piles
ILL = Σx2 = 32.4 m2
ITT = Σy2 = 129.60 m2
Normal Case :-
Seismic Case :-
NORMAL CASE :-
LL Case-I 11128.6 11751.9 2263.1 45.81 2341.1 846.78 149.74 9038.0 11750.3 2263.1 45.34 2132 637.81 148.201
LL Case-II 10044 10869.9 391.65 45.81 2105.7 865.29 149.74 7953.3 10868.4 391.7 45.34 1896.5 656.31 148.201
QUASI PERMANENT
LL Case-I 9836.3 -627.4 0.0 14.47 1429.9 1499.6 47.30 7745.7 -629.0 0.0 14.00 1220.7 1290.6 45.759
LL Case-II 9836.3 -627.4 0.0 14.47 1429.9 1499.6 47.30 7745.7 -629.0 0.0 14.00 1220.7 1290.6 45.759
WIND CASE
LL Case-I 11128.6 11751.9 3509.4 46.76 2393.1 794.85 152.855 9038.0 11750.3 3509.4 46.30 2183.9 585.88 151.347
LL Case-II 10043.9 10869.9 1637.9 46.76 2157.6 813.36 152.855 7953.3 10868.4 1637.9 46.30 1948.5 604.38 151.347
58
CALCULATION OF ACTIVE & PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE COEFFECIENTS
alpha (a) 90.0 1.570796

Beta (b) 0.00 0
delta (d) 20.0 0.349066
phi(p) 30.0 0.523599
Sin(a+p) 0.86603 sin(a-p) 0.866025

Sin(a) 1 sin(a) 1
sin(a-d) 0.93969 sin(a+d) 0.939693
sin(p+d) 0.76604 sin(p+d) 0.766044

sin(p-b) 0.5 sin(p+b) 0.5
sin(a-b) 1 sin(a+b) 1
ka 0.297 kp 6.105
Kah 0.279 Kph 5.738

Kav 0.102 Kpv 2.088
H 11.95 m
Earth Pressure Coefficient in Seismic Case
Case-1 (By taking l = tan-1(ah/(1+av)) )

Active earth pressure coefficient,Ca =
(1+av)*cos(f-l-a) 1 2
2 X
cosl*cos a*cos(d+a+l 1+ sin(f+d)*sin(f-i-l) 0.5
cos(a-i)*cos(d+a+l)
= 0.882 x 0.382
Ca = 0.337
ah = Horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.047

av = Vertical seismic coefficient = 0.032
f = angle of internal friction = 30 deg
-1
l = tan (ah/(1+av)) = 2.62 deg
a = angle which earth face of wall makes with vertical = 0 deg
I = slope of earthfill = 0 deg
d = angle of friction between wall and earthfill = 20 deg
59
Case-2 (By taking l = tan-1(ah/(1-av)) )
(1-av)*cos(f-l-a) 1 2
2 X
cos(a-i)*cos(d+a+l)
= 0.832 x 0.383
Ca = 0.318

av = Vertical seismic coefficient (0.5ah) = 0.032
-1
l = tan (ah/(1-av)) = 2.79 deg
d = angle of friction between wall and earthfill = 20.0 deg
Case-3 (By taking Ah=Av= l=0)

(1+av)*cos(f-l-a) 1 2
2 X
cos(a-i)*cos(d+a+l)
= 0.798 x 0.373
Ca = 0.297

av = Vertical seismic coefficient = 0.000
-1
l = tan (ah/(1+av)) = 0.00 deg
d = angle of friction between wall and earthfill = 20 deg
Dynamic Increment (Horz.) = 0.0397

Pressure = 847.04 KN
Moment due to dynamic increment = 5061.07 KNm
60
Calculations for Seismic Coefficient:
Horizontal Seismic Forces:
Feq = Ah x (Dead Load + Appropriate Live Load)
Ah = Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
Ah =
I= Importance factor
I= 1.2
Z= Zone Factor as given in table 5 (Interim Specifications)
Zone No = IV Zone NoZone Factor

Z = 0.24 II 0.10
R = Response reduction factor III 0.16
R = 3 Table 9 note 4 IV 0.24
T = 2 D ^0,5 V 0.36
1000 F
F= Horizontal force in kN required to be applied at the centre of mass

of the superstructure for one mm.
Horizontal deflection at the top of the pier/abutment along the
direction
Calculation of Time of horizontal force
period:
Calculation of stiffness for Pier:

Dimension of shaft in long. Direction = 1.20 m
Dimension of shaft in transverse Direction(outer to outer) = 1.20 m
Moment of inertia in transverse direction

M.I of the section about its C.G = 0.173 m4
M.I of overall section about its C.G = 0.173 m4
61
Moment of inertia in longitudinal direction
M.I of the section about its C.G = 0.17 m4
Grade of concrete = 30 grade
Young's modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 27386 N/mm2
Height of shaft above the foundation = 7.675 m
Distance of C.G. of superstructure to fixity point
= 9.03 x 1000 = 9025.00 mm
Deflection at the tip of Abutment/Pier F x L^3/(3E x M.I.) Longitudanat direction
F = = 19.31319 KN (For one mm deflection)
Seismic Coefficient in Longitudinal Direction

Dead Load from Superstructure (DL + LL) = 5000.00 KN
Total load D = 5000 KN
Time period T = 1.02 sec
Sa/g = 0.983
Ah = 0.0472
Seismic Coefficient in Transverse Direction

Dead Load from Superstructure ( DL+SIDL ) = 2500 kN
shaft Cap Load = 51 kN
20% of Live load from superstructure = 253 kN
Total Load D = 2804 kN
Time Period T = 1.02 sec
Sa/g = 0.983
Ah = 0.0472
Av 0.03
62
Pile design Circular
Size of the pile parallel to traffic = 1.200 m
Size of the pile perpendicular to traffic = 1.200 m
2 2
Area of Pile = 1.131 m 1130973 mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 50 mm
Design yield strength of reinforcement = 435 mpa
Grade of concrete = M30
Maximum axial compression force = 214 kN
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.1 NED/fyd or 0.002 Ac greater
(Clause 16.2.2 of IRC:112-2011)
2
0.1 NED/fyd = 49 mm
2
0.0024 Ac min = 2714 mm
2
Minimum reinforcement required = 2714 mm
No of 16 mm dia bars required = 14 No
No of 16 mm dia bars provided = 30 No
2
Reinforcement provided = 6032 mm Hence safe
% of Reinforcement provided = 0.533 % > 0.4% Min As as per IS 2911 code (%)
Spacing requirement Perimeter = 3454 mm
(Clause 16.2.2 of IRC:112-2011) spacing <200 mm = 115 200
OK
Provision of Lateral Reinforcement Dia 12 mm
For Confinement Zone

Normalised axial force nk =NED/(AC fck) = 0.01 Confinement of compression zone is not required
(Clause 17.2.1.1 of IRC:112-2011)
Length of plastic hinge required, Lh = 0 mm above pile cap
(Clause 17.2.1.4 of IRC:112-2011)
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio ρL = 0.005
Confined(core) concrete area, ACC = 0.95 Sqm
Minimum reinforcement ratio ww,req = -0.017 [∵ 0.37 (Ac/ACC) nk+0.13 (fyd/fcd)(rL-0.01)]
(Clause 17.2.1.2 of IRC:112-2011)
Min. confining r/f reqd wwd = 0.180 [∵ Max ( 1 .4 ww,req ; 0.18)] for circular Stirrups.
(Clause 17.2.1.2 of IRC:112-2011)
volumetric ratio ρw = 0.006 [∵ (fcd/fyd)wwd]
(Clause 17.2.1.1 of IRC:112-2011)
Reqd. confining reinf. 4xAsp/Dsp sL =
(Clause 17.2.1.1 of IRC:112-2011)
2
Required Asp/ sL = 33 mm /m
(Clause 17.2.1.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Required max. spacing sT = 200 mm and provided 200.0 mm
(Clause 17.2.1.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Reqd. confining reinf. Asp/sT = 141 Sqmm/m [ ∴ So, min. link Dia shoud be
(Clause 17.2.2 of IRC:112-2011)
For Normal Zone
Min. diameter of transverse reinforcement req.= 8 mm 12xd min
Required max. spacing sL = 192 mm 192 200
(Clause 16.2.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Required max. spacing sT = 200 mm and provided 200.0 mm
(Clause 16.2.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Maximum spacing = 12 x dia of the smallest longitudinal bar
= 192 mm
= 1/5 of the diameter of the concrete core for circular
= 220 mm
Hence spacing of the transverse reinforcement = 192 mm
2
Hence provided transverse reinforcement = 524 mm /m
63
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT SHAFT BY ULS METHOD
Check for Flexure

Design of Different Sections by ULS Method:
Concrete Grade = M30

Clear cover to r/f = 75mm
Steel Grade = Fe500
Allowable Crack Width = 0.3 mm
fctm = 2.5 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa
Circular
BM - Long
Description Units
Direction
Design Moments tm 199.7
Design Shear Forces t 213.7
Overall dia mm 1200
Overall dia mm 1200
Area of Section 1130973.4
Check for Flexure
Effective cover provided mm 83
Effective depth provided, d mm 1117
MR from concrete =0.133*fck*b*d2 Nmm 5.97E+09
Provided Ast for "+" BM mm2 6032
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.2%btd or 0.1NED/fyd) mm2 2714
Status of Section OK
Lever arm, z =({1-0.9*fy*As/(fck*b*d)} mm 1042
MR of steel =0.87*fy*As*z= Nmm 2.73E+09

Moment of Resistance of Section tm 273.3
BM - Long
Direction
no 30
Dia 16
Provided no 0
Reinforcement Dia 0
no. 0
Dia 0
=.006x
39
Distribution Reinforcement = Max(Pw% of Main Ast(main)
Reinforcement or 0.001 Ac) to 0.001Ac 1340
be provided on all round(17.2.1.2) (16.2.3) Max reqd 1340
Provided 1508
Spacing 180
spiral ring/ hoop reinforcement
Dia 12
64
Check for Shear
Ult. Applied Shear Force, Vult KN 2137
Overall dia, D m 1.200
Overall Dia, D m 1.200
v =0.6[1-(fck/310)] 0.542
Max Shear Check VEd <=0.5bw d v fcd KN 5229
OK
2
Area of Section m 1.131
Horizontal Force KN 640
Cg of steel m 0.083
Comp. Stress due to Horizontal force, scp Mpa 0.566
VRd.c = r1.fck)0.33+0.15s
[0.12K(80r scp]bw.d
Overall Width, bw m 1.200
z = (D - Yord) m 1.117
1.00
K = 1+ 200/d <= 2.0 1.42
r1 0.005
3/2 1/2
vmin = 0.031 K fck Mpa 0.288
VRd.c = KN 616
vRd.c min =(vmin + 0.15scp)bw.d KN 500
Govering VRdc= KN 616
Design Shear Capacity, Vc KN 616
Provision of Shear Reinforcement (Cl. 10.3.3.2 of IRC 112-2011)
Ultimate Applied Shear, Vuapplied kN 2137
av mm 1117
b = av/2d 0.50
Vu kN 1068
Design Shear Capacity, Vc kN 616
Reqirement of shear reinforcement YES
Vu-Vc (in KN) KN 0.000
acw 1.019
n1 0.600
Shear Reinforcement
i) Aswmax / S = 0.5*bw*acw*n1*fcd/(fywd) mm2/m 22.007
2
ii) 0.072 x (SQRT(fck))/fyk mm /m 23.640
2
Governing Shear reinforcement mm /m 23.640
Shear RF Due to ultimate loads, Asv/Sv = (Vu-
mm2/m 0.000
Vc)/(z*fywd)
Design Shear Reinforcement mm2/m 11.820
65
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT SHAFT BY SLS METHOD
Check for Stresses
Clear cover to r/f = 75mm Bottom Slab
Steel Grade = Fe500
Elasticity modulus of Concrete 31000 Mpa
sst = 30600 300.000 Mpa
sck = 1468.8 14 Mpa
m = 6.48
k = 0.237
j = 0.921
Q = 1.573 t/m2
BM - Long
DESCRIPTION Units
Direction
Design "+" Moments tm 88.0
Overall width provided mm 1200
Overall depth provided mm 1200
Modulur ratio, m mm 6.48
Check for Flexure
Steel percentage (p) mm 3.02
Depth of neutral axis, kd mm 263
Neutral Axis factor, k 0.237
Lever arm, z mm 1021
Lever arm factor, j 0.921
Moment of resistance factor, Q MPa 1.573
2
MR from concrete =Q*b*d Nmm 2.32E+09
2
Stress in concrete N/mm 5.5
2
Stress in reinforcement N/mm 21.4
66
Check for Crack width
Design Moments tm 14
2
Area of reinforcement mm 40212
Lever arm mm 1021
Depth of Neutral Axis mm 263
2
2
Average Strain at the level, em 1.74E-05
Diameter check (As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011) OK
Spacing check (As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011) OK
Crackwidth at mid point between two bars
Crackwidth Wk = Sr,max*(εsm - εcm)
Provided spacing of tensile reinforcement mm 26
Φeq mm 16
hc,eff mm 227.5
ρp,eff 0.1473 As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011
Sr,max mm 328
kt 0.5 As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011
fct,eff Mpa 2.5
αe 6.45E+00
Es Mpa 2.00E+05
σsc Mpa 3.5
εsm - εcm = (σsc - (kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff)*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es 0.0000
W k = Sr,max*(εsm - εcm) mm 0.003
Allowable crack width mm 0.3
Status of sections OK
67
DESIGN OF PILE
Check for Flexure

Design of Different Sections by ULS Method:

Clear cover to r/f = 75mm
Steel Grade = Fe500
Allowable Crack Width = 0.3 mm
fctm = 2.8 Mpa
fyk = 500 Mpa
Circular
BM - Long
Description Units
Direction
Design Moments tm 46.7
Design Shear Forces t 59.5
Overall dia mm 1200
Overall dia mm 1200
Area of Section 1130973.4
Check for Flexure
MR from concrete =0.133*fck*b*d 2 Nmm 6.97E+09
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.2%btd or
mm2 2714
0.1NED/fyd)
Lever arm, z =({1-0.9*fy*As/(fck*b*d)} mm 1061

BM - Long
Direction
no 26
Dia 16
Provided no 0
Reinforcement Dia 0
no. 0
Dia 0
=.006x
Distribution Reinforcement = Max(P w% of Ast(main) 34
Main Reinforcement or 0.001 Ac) 0.001Ac 1340
to be provided on all round(17.2.1.2)
Max reqd 1340
(16.2.3)
Provided 1357
Spacing 200
spiral ring/ hoop reinforcement
Dia 12
68
Check for Shear
Ult. Applied Shear Force, Vult KN 595
Overall dia, D m 1.200
Overall Dia, D m 1.200
v =0.6[1-(fck/310)] 0.532
Max Shear Check VEd <=0.5bw d v fcd KN 5991
OK
2
Area of Section m 1.131
Horizontal Force KN 143
Cg of steel m 0.083
Comp. Stress due to Horizontal force, scp Mpa 0.126
VRd.c = r1.fck)0.33+0.15s
[0.12K(80r scp]bw.d
Overall Width, bw m 1.200
z = (D - Yord) m 1.117
1.00
K = 1+ 200/d <= 2.0 1.42
r1 0.004
3/2 1/2
vmin = 0.031 K fck Mpa 0.311
VRd.c = KN 529
vRd.c min =(vmin + 0.15scp)bw.d KN 443
Govering VRdc= KN 529
Design Shear Capacity, Vc KN 529
Provision of Shear Reinforcement (Cl. 10.3.3.2 of IRC 112-201
Ultimate Applied Shear, Vuapplied kN 595
av mm 1117
b = av/2d 0.50
Vu kN 297
Design Shear Capacity, Vc kN 529
Reqirement of shear reinforcement NO
Vu-Vc (in KN) KN 65.324
acw 1.004
n1 0.600
Shear Reinforcement
i) Aswmax / S = 0.5*bw*acw*n1*fcd/(fywd) 2
mm /m 25.291
2
ii) 0.072 x (SQRT(fck))/fyk mm /m 25.534
2
Governing Shear reinforcement mm /m 25.534
Shear RF Due to ultimate loads, A sv/Sv = 2
mm /m 116.964
(Vu-Vc)/(z*fywd)
Design Shear Reinforcement mm2/m 58.482
69
DESIGN OF PILE BY SLS
Check for Stresses
Clear cover to r/f = 75mm Bottom Slab
Steel Grade = Fe500
Elasticity modulus of Concrete 32000 Mpa
sst = 30600 300.000 Mpa
sck = 1713.6 17 Mpa
m = 5.56
k = 0.237
j = 0.921
Q = 1.836 t/m2
BM - Long
DESCRIPTION Units
Direction
Design "+" Moments tm 15.1
Overall width provided mm 1200
Overall depth provided mm 1200
Modulur ratio, m mm 5.56
Check for Flexure
Steel percentage (p) mm 3.02
Depth of neutral axis, kd mm 263
Neutral Axis factor, k 0.237
Lever arm, z mm 1021
Lever arm factor, j 0.921
Moment of resistance factor, Q MPa 1.836
2
MR from concrete =Q*b*d Nmm 2.71E+09
2
2
70
Check for Crack width
Design Moments tm 5
2
Area of reinforcement mm 40212
Lever arm mm 1021
Depth of Neutral Axis mm 263
2
2
Average Strain at the level, em 5.57E-06
Diameter check (As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011) OK
Spacing check (As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011) OK
Crackwidth at mid point between two bars
Crackwidth Wk = Sr,max*(εsm - εcm)
Provided spacing of tensile reinforcement mm 26
Φeq mm 16
hc,eff mm 227.5
ρp,eff 0.1473 As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011
Sr,max mm 328
kt 0.5 As per cl.12.3.6 IRC:112-2011
fct,eff Mpa 2.8
αe 6.25E+00
Es Mpa 2.00E+05
σsc Mpa 1.1
εsm - εcm = (σsc - (kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff)*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es 0.0000
W k = Sr,max*(εsm - εcm) mm 0.001
Allowable crack width mm 0.3
Status of sections OK
71
Pile design Circular
Size of the pile parallel to traffic = 1.200 m
Size of the pile perpendicular to traffic = 1.200 m
2 2
Area of Pile = 1.131 m 1130973 mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 50 mm
Design yield strength of reinforcement = 435 mpa
Grade of concrete = M35
Maximum axial compression force = 2926 kN
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.1 NED/fyd or 0.002 Ac greater
(Clause 16.2.2 of IRC:112-2011)
2
0.1 NED/fyd = 673 mm
0.0024 Ac min = 2714 mm2
2
Minimum reinforcement required = 2714 mm
No of 16 mm dia bars required = 14 No
No of 16 mm dia bars provided = 26 No
2
Reinforcement provided = 5228 mm Hence safe
% of Reinforcement provided = 0.462 % > 0.4% Min As as per IS 2911 code (%)
Spacing requirement Perimeter = 3454 mm
(Clause 16.2.2 of IRC:112-2011) spacing <200 mm = 133 200
OK
72
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT CAP
Thickness of cap = = 1m
Width of Cap = = 1.2 m
As per clause 710.8.7 of IRC :78-2014 Reinforcement in Pier and Abutment caps,where
the bearing satisfies the square root formula stated in clause 307.1 of IRC :21, the
cap shall be reinforced with a total minimum of 1% steel, assuming a cap thickness
of 225mm. The total steel shall be distributed equally and provided both at top and
bottom in two directions.The reinforcement in the direction of the length of the cap
shall extend from end to end of the cap while the reinforcement at right angle shall
extend for the full width of the cap and be in the form of stirrups.
Hence , Thickness of the cap for design = 0.225 m

Total minimum steel required in the cap = 1%
Reinforcement in each face in longitudinal direction

= (1200x225/4)x(1/100) = 675 sq mm
Provide 12 mm TOR 10 No.at Top & Bottom= 1130.4 sqmm OK
Transverse steel in cap = (1000x225/4)x(1/100) = 562.5 sq mm/m
Provide 12 mm TOR bar @ 150 mm c/c = 753.6 sqmm OK
12mm TOR 10nos. at Top
12mm TOR @ 150mm c/c
1000 mm
1200 mm
12mm TOR 10nos. at Bottom
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS IN ABUTMENT CAP
73
Design of Dirt wall
1 Height of the Dirt wall = 3.275 m
2 Length of the Dirt wall = 16.0 m
3 Thickness of the Dirt wall = 0.4 m
4 Equivalent Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
5 Grade of concrete = M 30
6 Grade of Steel = Fe 500
7 Dia of main bar = 16 mm
8 Dia of distribution bar = 10 mm
9 Clear cover = 40.00 mm
10 Properties of back fill soil c = 0.00 N/mm2
11 φ = 30o
12 Bulk density = 18.00 KN/m2
13 Contact width of the vehicle = 2.79 m
74
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL
Kah = 0.273
Kav = 0.0992
Kav / kah = 0.36397
Intensity of active earth pressure due to surcharge p1= Kah.γ.h p1
p2
= 5.889 KN/m2
Intensity of active earth pressure due to back fill p2= Kah.γ.h
300 mm
= 16.072 KN/m2
Earth Eccentricity Moment
Pressure from the base about the
of dirt wall base of dirt wall
(KN /m) (m) (KN-m/m)
P1= 19.28588 1.6375 31.58063
P2= 26.31719 1.3755 36.1993

Total = 67.77993
LL Effect
Let us assume that maxm. Axle load of 200 KN is just above the dirt wall and
the brake is applied.
Distribution width of LL = 2.79 + 2x 3.275 = 9.34 m
Total width of Dirt wall = 12.00 m
Hence effective width of the dirt wall = 9.34 m
B.F. per m length= ( 0.2 x 200.00 ) / 9.3 = 4.283 KN/m
Moment due to B.F. = 4.28 x 3.275 = 14.03 KN-m
Structural Design of Dirt Wall as Cantilever Slab
Design B.M. 122.71 KN-m

=
Design S.F. = 108.09 KN
75
Design for Flexure
Detail unit Dirt Wall
Muls kN 122.7
deff.req. mm 177
D mm 400
C.Co mm 50
dia. (i) mm 16
(ii) mm
S (i) mm 150
(ii) mm 150
deff.av mm 342
Check O.K.
Ast,req. mm2 1031
2
Ast,min. mm 498
Ast,prov. 2
mm 1340
Check O.K.
Distribution reinforcement
M kN 31
C.Co mm 50
dia. mm 12
deff.av mm 328
Ast,req. 2
mm 262
Ast,min. 2
mm 478
Sreq. mm 237
Sprv. mm 150
Check O.K
Shear Check
Dirt Wall
Detail unit Discont.
Support (H)
N Ed kN 0
bw mm 1000
d mm 342
σ cp MPa 0.0000
A st 2
mm 1340
ρ1 - 0.0039
K - 1.76
v min MPa 0.43
V Rd.c.min kN 147
V Rd.c kN 160
v 0.53
Ved KN 108
Criteria : Vrdc ≥ Ved ok
Shear reinf. Reqd. Not reqd.
76

Design of Substructure Abutment Pile ch.44+801km, 2x30m

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DESIGN OF ABUTMENT A1-A2

2.0 ABUTMENT CAP :- Projected Area 1.700 x 1.000 = 1.7 m2

3.0 DIRT WALL :- Projected Area 0.400 x 3.275 = 1.31 m2

4.0 BRACKET :- Projected Area

5.0 RETURN WALL :-

Wt. of the cap = 147.8 x 24.0 = 3547.152 KN (dry case)

8.0 EARTH ABOVE THE HEEL

9.0 EARTH ABOVE TOE

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96

0.98 28.0 0.98

1.2 4.3 3 3 3.0 0.0 0.0

0.980 28.0 0.98

Maximum Live Load with change of Reaction = 1267.48 + 33.15 = 1300.63 KN

(b) MINIMUM LIVE LOAD CASE

Minimum Live Load with change of Reaction = 232.52 - 33.147 = 199.37 KN

5x 1000 x 0.20 x 0.0171

Minm. Live Load Case :-

(B) At the bottom of Pile cap :-

Seismic along current direction

7.0 Live Load 18.8 0.30 5.64 13.150 74.17

8.0 Live Load 18.8 13.15 0.30 5.64 74.17

Earth above Heel -1.24 0 0.00 0 0 0.0 0 0

Pmax 15022.12 KN/m2 15015.29 KN/m2

Along Current Direction :-

Pmax 17228.68 KN/m2 16204.74 KN/m2

Pmax 13766.53 KN/m2 12742.6 KN/m2

Normal condition:LLcase-II 6710.19 2234.78 346.91 6710.19 2234.78 346.91

Along Current Direction :-

Normal condition:LLcase-I 7811.44 3137.81 2263.09 7811.44 3137.81 2263.09

Normal condition:LLcase-II 6710.19 2234.78 346.91 6710.19 2234.78 346.91

Pile cap 0 0 3325.5 0 0 2069.172 0 0

Total Vertical Load = 11136.9 KN

Vertical Load on outermost pile (a) Due to vertical load :- = 1113.69 KN

Maxm. Load = 1711.66 KN 3.6

Force on each pile 34.61 34.14

(ii) Wind Condition :- `

Where, for Concrete Grade = M35

Hence, Lf = 2.00 x 3.61 = 7.21 m

CALCULATION OF PILE LOAD ( UNDER SLS LOAD COMBINATION )

SEISMIC CASE ALONG CURRENT DIRECTION :-

1st Layer DEPTH = 3 M 2 m pile cap

Cross sectional Area of the pile at the tip Ap = 1.1304 m2

Ultimate Base Resistance of the Pile :- Ru = 1.1 x( 0.5 x 1.2 x 10 x 33 +

Layer Depth K Pdi*γ φ δ tanδ Asi K*Pdi* α C As αxCxAs

Allowable Axial Capacity of the pile Qa = 6201.288 / 2.5 = 2480.515

Earth above Heel 1.5 -1.24 0 0.00 0 0 0.0 0 0

Along Current Direction :-

Pmax 16805.13 KN/m2 15057.54 KN/m2

Pmax 15049.79 KN/m2 13302.19 KN/m2

LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN ULS LOAD COMBINATION

basic combination`max 10683.4 4876.9 3394.6 9472.5 4876.9 3394.6

Normal condition:LLcase-II 8851.74 -124.31 104.07 7653.07 -124.31 104.07

Along Current Direction :-

Normal condition:LLcase-I 9177.47 146.60 678.93 7978.80 146.60 678.93

Normal condition:LLcase-II 8851.74 -124.31 104.07 7653.07 -124.31 104.07

LOAD COMBINATION FOR PILE CAP DESIGN

basic combination`max 10728.9 4820.3 3394.6 9530.3 4820.3 3394.6

Layer Depth K Pdiγ φ δ tanδ Asi KPdi* α C As αxCxAs

Lever arm, z =({1-0.9fyAs/(fckbd)} mm 1042

MR of steel =0.87fyAs*z= Nmm 2.73E+09

Lever arm, z =({1-0.9fyAs/(fckbd)} mm 1061

MR of steel =0.87fyAs*z= Nmm 2.41E+09