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Citizen-Led or Scientist-Led Futures?
Citizen-Led or Scientist-Led Futures?
Citizen-Led or Scientist-Led Futures?
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Haris Shekeris
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All content following this page was uploaded by Haris Shekeris on 25 May 2017.
Introduction
A real question: Ought the process of deciding the direction of scientific research be led by the
citizenry via democratic means or shall it be led by experts?
In other words: Ought the cook judge Socrates?
Key Definitions
1. A process is citizen-led iff all participants have an equal input to the process and
the decision rule is majority voting after collective deliberation.
2. A process is scientist-led if scientists’ input is structurally qualitatively different
to any other citizens’