MODULE 8: ANALYSIS OF SPACE FRAMES USING MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD

The learning objectives:

At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:
 Identify whether a structure is analyzed as a space frame
 Establish the coordinate system of the structure
 Identify the degrees of freedom on a space frame
 Construct the local stiffness matrix, transformation matrix, and global stiffness matrix of
each member of the space frame
 Construct the fixed-end force vector of each member of the space frame
 Construct the structure stiffness matrix and the joint load vector of the structure
 Use stiffness method to evaluate the space frame

COURSE MATERIAL:
Space frames constitute the most general type of framed structures. The members of
such frames may be oriented in any directions in three-dimensional space and may be
connected by rigid and/or flexible connections. Furthermore, external loads oriented in any
arbitrary directions can be applied to the joints, as well as members, of space frames. Under the
action of external loads, the members of a space frame are generally subjected to bending
moments about both principal axes, shears in both principal directions, torsional moments, and
axial forces.

DEGREES OF FREEDOM
The procedure for assigning numbers to the structure coordinates of a space frame is
similar to that for other types of framed structures, with the degrees of freedom numbered
before the restrained coordinates. In the case of a joint with multiple degrees of freedom (or
restrained coordinates), the translations in the X, Y, and Z directions are numbered first in
sequential order, followed by the rotations about the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively.

Member Stiffness Relations in the Local Coordinate System

* + , -* + { } (8.1)
, - (8.2)

[ ]
Fig. 8.1
 Fig. 8.1 (continued)

Coordinate Transformation
√( ) ( ) ( ) (8.3)
, - , - , - , -
, - , - , - , -
, - [ ] (8.4)
, - , - , - , -
, - , - , - , -

, - [ ] (8.5)

, - [ ]( ) (8.6)

In terms of angle of roll :

For non-vertical members:

√
, - √ √ (8.7)
√
[ √ √ ]
For vertical members:

, - [ ] (8.8)

where:
(8.9)

(8.10)

(8.11)

Fig. 8.2 Coordinate Transformation (continued)

Fig. 8.3 Orientation of Member Local Axes
Fig. 8.4 Rotation of Axes for a Space Frame Member

Fig. 8.5 Rotation about Local x Axis

In terms of a reference point P:
( ) ( ) ( ) (8.12)

For non-vertical members:

̅ ( ) √ ( ) ( ) (8.13)
√ √

̅ ( ) ( ) (8.14)
√ √

For vertical members:

̅ ( ) (8.15)
̅ (8.16)

If point P lies in the local xy-plane:

̅
(8.17)
√ ̅ ̅

̅
(8.18)
√ ̅ ̅

If point P lies in the local xz-plane:

̅
(8.19)
√ ̅ ̅

̅
(8.20)
√ ̅ ̅

Member Stiffness Relations in the Global Coordinate System

, - , - , -, - (8.21)
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support reactions for the
space frame shown in Fig. 8.6 by the matrix stiffness method.

Fig. 8.6 Space Frame

Fig. 8.7 Analytical Model

 Joint Details
Joint x (m) y (m) z (m) Degrees of Freedom
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 0.00 10.00 10.00 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 0.00 10.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 10.00 10.00 0.00 19 20 21 22 23 24

Member Details
Beginning
Member End Joint Xe Xb Ye Yb Ze Zb Length (m)
Joint
1 1 3 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00
2 2 3 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
3 3 4 10.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00
 Member 1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
E 30GPa 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 7
Iy 60000000 mm4 0 38.16 0 0 0 190.80 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190 8
Iz 106000000 mm4 0 0 21.60 0 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 9
J 129000000 mm4 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 10
G 12.5GPa 0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 11
A 31000 mm2 0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 12
L 10 m -93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 1
rxX = cos θxX 0 0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190 2
rxY = cos θxY 1 0 0 -21.60 0 108 0 0 0 21.60 0.00 108 0 3
rxZ = cos θxZ 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 4
ψ 90 0 0 -108.00 0 360 0 0 0 108 0 720 0 5
E/L 3
30000 kN/m5 0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0.00 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 6
AL2 3.1 m3
12Iy 0.00072 m4 Transformation Matrix [T]
6LIy 0.0036 m5 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
12Iz 0.001272 m4 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7
6LIz 0.00636 m5 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8
2L2Iy 0.012 m6 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9
4L2Iy 0.024 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10
2L2Iz 0.0212 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11
4L2Iz 0.0424 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12
JG/L 161.25 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 6
 Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]
7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
21.60 0 0 0 0 -108 -21.60 0 0 0 0 -108 7
0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 8
0 0 38.16 190.80 0 0 0 0 -38.16 190.80 0 0 9
0 0 190.80 1272 0 0 0 0 -190.80 636 0 0 10
0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 11
-108 0 0 0 0 720.00 108 0 0 0 0 360 12
-21.60 0 0 0 0 108 21.60 0 0 0 0 108 1
0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 -38.16 -190.80 0 0 0 0 38.16 -190.80 0 0 3
0 0 190.80 636 0 0 0 0 -190.80 1272 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 5
-108 0 0 0 0 360 108 0 0 0 0 720 6

Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}

FAb 0 kN 7
FSby 75 kN 8
FSbz 0 kN 9
FTb 0 kN∙m 10
FMby 0 kN∙m 11
FMbz 187.50 kN∙m 12
FAe 0 kN 1
FSey 75 kN 2
FSez 0 kN 3
FTe 0 kN∙m 4
FMey 0 kN∙m 5
FMez -187.50 kN∙m 6
{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}
0 kN 7
0 kN 8
75 kN 9
187.50 kN∙m 10
0 kN∙m 11
0 kN∙m 12
0 kN 1
0 kN 2
75 kN 3
-187.50 kN∙m 4
0 kN∙m 5
0 kN∙m 6
 Member 2 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6
E 30 GPa 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 13
Iy 60000000 mm4 0 38.16 0 0 0 0 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190.80 14
Iz 106000000 mm4 0 0 21.60 0 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 15
J 129000000 mm4 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 16
G 12.5 GPa 0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 17
A 31000 mm2 0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 18
L 10 m -93000 0 0 0 0 0.00 93000 0 0 0 0 0 1
rxX = cos θxX 0 0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 2
rxY = cos θxY 0 0 0 -21.60 0 0 0 0 0 21.60 0 108 0 3
rxZ = cos θxZ -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 4
ψ 0 0 0 -108 0 0 0 0 0 108 0.00 720 0 5
E/L 3
30000 kN/m5 0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 6
AL2 3.1 m3
12Iy 0.00072 m4 Transformation Matrix [T]
6LIy 0.0036 m5 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6
12Iz 0.001272 m4 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13
6LIz 0.00636 m5 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14
2L2Iy 0.012 m6 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15
4L2Iy 0.024 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16
2L2Iz 0.0212 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17
4L2Iz 0.0424 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18
JG/L 161.25 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 6
 Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]
13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6
21.60 0 0 0 -108 0 -21.60 0 0 0 -108 0 13
0 38.16 0 190.80 0 0 0 -38.16 0 190.80 0 0 14
0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 15
0 190.80 0 1272 0 0 0 -190.80 0 636 0 0 16
-108.00 0.00 0 0 720.00 0 108.00 0 0 0 360 0 17
0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 18
-21.60 0 0 0 108 0 21.60 0 0 0 108 0 1
0 -38.16 0 -190.80 0 0 0 38.16 0 -190.80 0 0 2
0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 3
0 190.80 0 636 0 0 0 -190.80 0 1272 0 0 4
-108.00 0 0 0 360 0 108.00 0 0 0 720 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 6

Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}

FAb 0 kN 13
FSby 100 kN 14
FSbz 0 kN 15
FTb 0 kN∙m 16
FMby 0 kN∙m 17
FMbz 166.67 kN∙m 18
FAe 0 kN 1
FSey 100 kN 2
FSez 0 kN 3
FTe 0 kN∙m 4
FMey 0 kN∙m 5
FMez -166.67 kN∙m 6
{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}
0 kN 13
100 kN 14
0 kN 15
166.67 kN∙m 16
0 kN∙m 17
0 kN∙m 18
0 kN 1
100 kN 2
0 kN 3
-166.67 kN∙m 4
0 kN∙m 5
0 kN∙m 6
 Member 3 Member Local Stiffness Matrix [k]
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 19 20 21 22 23 24
E 30GPa 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 1
Iy 60000000 mm4 0 38.16 0 0 0 190.80 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190.80 2
Iz 106000000 mm4 0 0 21.60 0 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 3
J 129000000 mm4 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 4
G 12.5GPa 0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 5
A 31000 mm2 0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 6
L 10 m -93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 19
rxX = cos θxX 1 0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 20
rxY = cos θxY 0 0 0 -21.60 0 108 0 0 0 21.60 0 108 0 21
rxZ = cos θxZ 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 22
ψ 0 0 0 -108 0 360 0 0 0 108 0 720 0 23
E/L 3
30000 kN/m5 0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 24
AL2 3.1 m3
12Iy 0.00072 m4 Transformation Matrix [T]
6LIy 0.0036 m5 1 2 3 4 5 6 19 20 21 22 23 24
12Iz 0.001272 m4 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
6LIz 0.00636 m5 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2
2L2Iy 0.012 m6 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3
4L2Iy 0.024 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4
2L2Iz 0.0212 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5
4L2Iz 0.0424 m6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6
JG/L 161.25 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 22
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 23
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 24
 Member Global Stiffness Matrix [K]
1 2 3 4 5 6 19 20 21 22 23 24
93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 38.16 0 0 0 190.80 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190.80 2
0 0 21.60 0.00 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 3
0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 4
0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 5
0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 6
-93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 19
0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 20
0 0 -21.60 0 108 0 0 0 21.60 0 108 0 21
0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 22
0 0 -108 0 360 0 0 0 108 0 720 0 23
0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 24

Local Fixed-end Force Vector {Qf}

FAb 0 kN 1
FSby 100 kN 2
FSbz 0 kN 3
FTb 0 kN∙m 4
FMby 0 kN∙m 5
FMbz 166.67 kN∙m 6
FAe 0 kN 19
FSey 100 kN 20
FSez 0 kN 21
FTe 0 kN∙m 22
FMey 0 kN∙m 23
FMez -166.67 kN∙m 24
{Ff} = [T]T{Qf} Global Fixed-end Force Vector {Ff}
0 kN 1
100 kN 2
0 kN 3
0 kN∙m 4
0 kN∙m 5
166.67 kN∙m 6
0 kN 19
100 kN 20
0 kN 21
0 kN∙m 22
0 kN∙m 23
-166.67 kN∙m 24
Structure Stiffness Matrix
1 2 3 4 5 6
93043.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 108.00 108.00 1
0.00 93076.32 0.00 -190.80 0.00 190.80 2
0.00 0.00 93059.76 -190.80 -108.00 0.00 3
S=
0.00 -190.80 -190.80 2705.25 0.00 0.00 4
108.00 0.00 -108.00 0.00 1601.25 0.00 5
108.00 190.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 2153.25 6

Joint Load Vector

P
0.00 1 kN
0.00 2 kN
0.00 3 kN
0.00 4 kN∙m
0.00 5 kN∙m
0.00 6 kN∙m

Structure Fixed Load Vector

Pf
0.00 1 kN
200.00 2 kN
75.00 3 kN
-354.17 4 kN∙m
0.00 5 kN∙m
166.67 6 kN∙m
Solving for the displacement matrix:
0.00 0.00 93043.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 108.00 108.00 d1
0.00 200.00 0.00 93076.32 0.00 -190.80 0.00 190.80 d2
0.00 75.00 0.00 0.00 93059.76 -190.80 -108.00 0.00 d3
- = ×
0.00 -354.17 0.00 -190.80 -190.80 2705.25 0.00 0.00 d4
0.00 0.00 108.00 0.00 -108.00 0.00 1601.25 0.00 d5
0.00 166.67 108.00 190.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 2153.25 d6

0.00 93043.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 108.00 108.00 d1

-200.00 0.00 93076.32 0.00 -190.80 0.00 190.80 d2
-75.00 0.00 0.00 93059.76 -190.80 -108.00 0.00 d3
= ×
354.17 0.00 -190.80 -190.80 2705.25 0.00 0.00 d4
0.00 108.00 0.00 -108.00 0.00 1601.25 0.00 d5
-166.67 108.00 190.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 2153.25 d6

d1 1074916.32 110.54 -84.14 1.86 -72505.89 -53924.09 0.00

d2 110.54 1074737.77 155.44 75811.71 3.03 -95238.32 -200.00
d3 -84.14 155.44 1074817.90 75817.36 72499.25 -9.55 -75.00
= ×10-11 ×
d4 1.86 75811.71 75817.36 36975854.66 5113.55 -6717.79 354.17
d5 -72505.89 3.03 72499.25 5113.55 62460990.20 3636.39 0.00
d6 -53924.09 -95238.32 -9.55 -6717.79 3636.39 46452569.50 -166.67

d1 0.000089722102457 m
d2 -0.001722361786875 m
d3 -0.000537888566203 m
d4 0.130758861805489 rad
d5 -0.000042330649315 rad
d6 -0.077254257529222 rad
Member 1
{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}
7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
u1 0.0000000 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 0.0000000
u2 0.0000000 m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 0.0000000
u3 0.0000000 m 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9 0.0000000
u4 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10 0.0000000
u5 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11 0.0000000
u6 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12 0.0000000
u7 -0.0017224 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.0000897
u8 -0.0005379 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 -0.0017224
u9 0.0000897 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0005379
u10 -0.0000423 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 4 0.1307589
u11 -0.0772543 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 5 -0.0000423
u12 0.1307589 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 6 -0.0772543
 {Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces {Q} - {Qf}
7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
Q1 - Qf1 160.1796462 kN 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.0000000
Q2 - Qf2 24.9693167 kN 0 38.16 0 0 0 190.80 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190 8 0.0000000
Q3 - Qf3 8.3415218 kN 0 0 21.60 0 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 9 0.0000000
Q4 - Qf4 0.0068258 kN∙m 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 10 0.0000000
Q5 - Qf5 -27.8018427 kN∙m 0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 11 0.0000000
Q6 - Qf6 83.2652652 kN∙m 0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 12 0.0000000
Q7 - Qf7 -160.1796462 kN -93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 1 -0.0017224
Q8 - Qf8 -24.9693167 kN 0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190 2 -0.0005379
Q9 - Qf9 -8.3415218 kN 0 0 -21.60 0 108 0 0 0 21.60 0.00 108 0 3 0.0000897
Q10 - Qf10 -0.0068258 kN∙m 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 4 -0.0000423
Q11 - Qf11 -55.6133754 kN∙m 0 0 -108.00 0 360 0 0 0 108 0 720 0 5 -0.0772543
Q12 - Qf12 166.4279014 kN∙m 0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0.00 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 6 0.1307589
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 160.1796462 kN 7
Q2 99.9693167 kN 8
Q3 8.3415218 kN 9
Q4 0.0068258 kN∙m 10
Q5 -27.8018427 kN∙m 11
Q6 270.7652652 kN∙m 12
Q7 -160.1796462 kN 1
Q8 50.0306833 kN 2
Q9 -8.3415218 kN 3
Q10 -0.0068258 kN∙m 4
Q11 -55.6133754 kN∙m 5
Q12 -21.0720986 kN∙m 6
 {F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}
7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
F1 8.3415218 kN 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 160.1796462
F2 160.1796462 kN 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 99.9693167
F3 99.9693167 kN 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9 8.3415218
F4 270.7652652 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10 0.0068258
F5 0.0068258 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11 -27.8018427
F6 -27.8018427 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12 270.7652652
F7 -8.3415218 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 -160.1796462
F8 -160.1796462 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 50.0306833
F9 50.0306833 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -8.3415218
F10 -21.0720986 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 4 -0.0068258
F11 -0.0068258 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 5 -55.6133754
F12 -55.6133754 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 6 -21.0720986
Member 2
{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}
13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6
u1 0.0000000 m 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13 0.0000000
u2 0.0000000 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14 0.0000000
u3 0.0000000 m 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 0.0000000
u4 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16 0.0000000
u5 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17 0.0000000
u6 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18 0.0000000
u7 0.0005379 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.0000897
u8 -0.0017224 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 -0.0017224
u9 0.0000897 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0005379
u10 0.0772543 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 4 0.1307589
u11 -0.0000423 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 5 -0.0000423
u12 0.1307589 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 6 -0.0772543
 {Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces {Q} - {Qf}
13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6
Q1 - Qf1 -50.0236367 kN 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 13 0.0000000
Q2 - Qf2 25.0145162 kN 0 38.16 0 0 0 0 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190.80 14 0.0000000
Q3 - Qf3 0.0026337 kN 0 0 21.60 0 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 15 0.0000000
Q4 - Qf4 -12.4572490 kN∙m 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 16 0.0000000
Q5 - Qf5 -0.0055490 kN∙m 0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 17 0.0000000
Q6 - Qf6 83.4912627 kN∙m 0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 18 0.0000000
Q7 - Qf7 50.0236367 kN -93000 0 0 0 0 0.00 93000 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0005379
Q8 - Qf8 -25.0145162 kN 0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 2 -0.0017224
Q9 - Qf9 -0.0026337 kN 0 0 -21.60 0 0 0 0 0 21.60 0 108 0 3 0.0000897
Q10 - Qf10 12.4572490 kN∙m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 4 0.0772543
Q11 - Qf11 -0.0207881 kN∙m 0 0 -108 0 0 0 0 0 108 0.00 720 0 5 -0.0000423
Q12 - Qf12 166.6538988 kN∙m 0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 6 0.1307589
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 -50.0236367 kN 13
Q2 125.0145162 kN 14
Q3 0.0026337 kN 15
Q4 -12.4572490 kN∙m 16
Q5 -0.0055490 kN∙m 17
Q6 250.1579294 kN∙m 18
Q7 50.0236367 kN 1
Q8 74.9854838 kN 2
Q9 -0.0026337 kN 3
Q10 12.4572490 kN∙m 4
Q11 -0.0207881 kN∙m 5
Q12 -0.0127678 kN∙m 6
 {F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}
13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6
F1 0.0026337 kN 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13 -50.0236367
F2 125.0145162 kN 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14 125.0145162
F3 50.0236367 kN -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 0.0026337
F4 250.1579294 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16 -12.4572490
F5 -0.0055490 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17 -0.0055490
F6 12.4572490 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18 250.1579294
F7 -0.0026337 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 50.0236367
F8 74.9854838 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 74.9854838
F9 -50.0236367 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0026337
F10 -0.0127678 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 4 12.4572490
F11 -0.0207881 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 5 -0.0207881
F12 -12.4572490 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 6 -0.0127678
Member 3

{u} = [T]{v} Local Member End Displacement {u}

1 2 3 4 5 6 19 20 21 22 23 24
u1 0.0000897 m 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 0.0000897
u2 -0.0017224 m 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 -0.0017224
u3 -0.0005379 m 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0005379
u4 0.1307589 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 0.1307589
u5 -0.0000423 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 -0.0000423
u6 -0.0772543 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 -0.0772543
u7 0.0000000 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19 0.0000000
u8 0.0000000 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 0.0000000
u9 0.0000000 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21 0.0000000
u10 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 22 0.0000000
u11 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 23 0.0000000
u12 0.0000000 rad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 24 0.0000000
 {Q} - {Qf} = [k]{u} Local Member End Forces {Q} - {Qf}
1 2 3 4 5 6 19 20 21 22 23 24
Q1 - Qf1 8.3441555 kN 93000 0 0 0 0 0 -93000 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0000897
Q2 - Qf2 -14.8058377 kN 0 38.16 0 0 0 190.80 0 -38.16 0 0 0 190.80 2 -0.0017224
Q3 - Qf3 -0.0070467 kN 0 0 21.60 0 -108 0 0 0 -21.60 0 -108 0 3 -0.0005379
Q4 - Qf4 21.0848665 kN∙m 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 4 0.1307589
Q5 - Qf5 0.0276139 kN∙m 0 0 -108 0 720 0 0 0 108 0 360 0 5 -0.0000423
Q6 - Qf6 -98.5960422 kN∙m 0 190.80 0 0 0 1272 0 -190.80 0 0 0 636 6 -0.0772543
Q7 - Qf7 -8.3441555 kN -93000 0 0 0 0 0 93000 0 0 0 0 0 19 0.0000000
Q8 - Qf8 14.8058377 kN 0 -38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 0 38.16 0 0 0 -190.80 20 0.0000000
Q9 - Qf9 0.0070467 kN 0 0 -21.60 0 108 0 0 0 21.60 0 108 0 21 0.0000000
Q10 - Qf10 -21.0848665 kN∙m 0 0 0 -161.25 0 0 0 0 0 161.25 0 0 22 0.0000000
Q11 - Qf11 0.0428529 kN∙m 0 0 -108 0 360 0 0 0 108 0 720 0 23 0.0000000
Q12 - Qf12 -49.4623344 kN∙m 0 190.80 0 0 0 636 0 -190.80 0 0 0 1272 24 0.0000000
{Q} = [k]{u} + {Qf} Local Member End Forces {Q}
Q1 8.3441555 kN 1
Q2 85.1941623 kN 2
Q3 -0.0070467 kN 3
Q4 21.0848665 kN∙m 4
Q5 0.0276139 kN∙m 5
Q6 68.0706245 kN∙m 6
Q7 -8.3441555 kN 19
Q8 114.8058377 kN 20
Q9 0.0070467 kN 21
Q10 -21.0848665 kN∙m 22
Q11 0.0428529 kN∙m 23
Q12 -216.1290011 kN∙m 24
 {F} = [T]T{Q} Global Member End Forces {F}
1 2 3 4 5 6 19 20 21 22 23 24
F1 8.3441555 kN 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 8.3441555
F2 85.1941623 kN 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 85.1941623
F3 -0.0070467 kN 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 -0.0070467
F4 21.0848665 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 21.0848665
F5 0.0276139 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 0.0276139
F6 68.0706245 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 68.0706245
F7 -8.3441555 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19 -8.3441555
F8 114.8058377 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 114.8058377
F9 0.0070467 kN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21 0.0070467
F10 -21.0848665 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 22 -21.0848665
F11 0.0428529 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 23 0.0428529
F12 -216.1290011 kN∙m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 24 -216.1290011
Reaction Vector
Reactions
8.3415218 7 kN
160.1796462 8 kN
99.9693167 9 kN
270.7652652 10 kN∙m
0.0068258 11 kN∙m
-27.8018427 12 kN∙m
0.0026337 13 kN
125.0145162 14 kN
50.0236367 15 kN
250.1579294 16 kN∙m
-0.0055490 17 kN∙m
12.4572490 18 kN∙m
-8.3441555 19 kN
114.8058377 20 kN
0.0070467 21 kN
-21.0848665 22 kN∙m
0.0428529 23 kN∙m
-216.1290011 24 kN∙m
The reactions are as follows:

Fig. 8.8 Reactions

Activity:
1. Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support reactions for the
space frame shown in Fig. 8.9.

Fig. 8.9