Biswas Academy: A2 Physics

Note-2 A2 Physics ,Unit-4, Momentum, Biswas Academy Biswas Sir--01911383686
Biswas Academy
A2 Physics NOTE
Motion In a Circle
Further Mechamics, Momentum
Unit-4
R. K. Biswas
B.Sc and M.sc in Physics, Dhaka University
20 years of Teaching Experience.
schools:
Sunnydale, Mastermind, Academia, Seabreeze, IEC
Contact: 01911-383686 email-biswasstring@gmail.com
Physics is not a subject, It is a part of your life.##Don’t Memorize, LEARN Physics, !!!!
1
Momentum
Momentum,
P = mv
Unit = N.s or kgms-1
Change in momentum,
ΔP = (mv – mu)
Newton’s 2nd law,
ΔP
F= F – Force
Δt
Change in momentum-
ΔP = F. Δt (Unit – N.s) Δt – Duration of application of force.
ΔP = (mv – mu) (Unit – Kgms-1)
Change in momentum is also called IMPULSE
So IMPULSE = F.Δt=(mv-mu)
Ques1: A ball of mass 0.20 kg strike a vertical wall horizontally with velocity
22 ms-1 and rebound exactly in opposite direction with velocity 18 ms -1. Time
of collision 0.50 second.
a) Determine
1) Momentum change.
2) Force on the ball during collision.
3) State the force exerted on the wall by the ball. Explain your answer.
b) A ball hits a glass window. Explain whether a hard ball or soft ball of
same velocity and same mass have less chance to break the window. Involve
Newton’s 2nd law in your answer.
2
Ques2: A 25 N force strike a football of mass 320 g for 0.40 s. Ball was initially
at rest. Determine
1) Momentum change(impulse) of ball

2) Velocity of ball after the strike.
Force exerted on a vertical wall by a wind:
A wind hits a vertical wall of area A with velocity v. velocity of wind is in the
horizontal direction.
Volume of air hitting the wall in every second = Av

3
Mass of air hitting the wall in every second = (Av) ρ, Density of air = ρ .
Momentum of air hitting the wall in every second = Mass x velocity

= ((Av)ρ) v
= Aρv2
If these air completely goes to rest hitting the wall then,
Momentum change of air in every second = Aρv2
Rate of change in momentum =Aρv2
Force = rate of change in momentum
F = Aρv2 (Force on wall by the wind)
Average power of wind on wall = F x Average velocity on strike.
v +0
=Fx ( )
2
V
= (Aρv2).
2
1
Average power = Aρv3
2
Ques3:Area of a vertical wall is 12m2. A wind strike the wall horizontally with
velocity 16 ms-1. Density of air is 1.2 kgm-3.(i) calculate the mass of air hitting
the wall in every second. (ii) Assume that air is completely stopped by the wall.
Now calculate the rate of change in momentum of air hitting the wall.
(iii)determine the force exerted by the air on to the wall.
Hovering force
This is the force exerted on a fan by the air when its blades push the air away
from it. Hovering force exerted upward force on the blades of helicopter which
balances the weight of it.
F = Aρv2 A=Area swift out by the blades.
4
Ques-4:Describe the principle of rocket propulsion.
Law of conservation of momentum
For an isolated system, total momentum of all colliding bodies remains same
before and after the collision if no external force acts during the collision.
Derivation of formula for momentum change
Assume that particle-1 and 2 are moving in the same direction where particle-
1 is following particle-2. u1> u2 so after sometime they collide with each other.
During collision they exert equal but opposite force on each other for same time
(Newton’s 3rd law). m1, m2 are their mass. u1, u2 are velocity before collision and
v1, v2 are velocity after collision.
F1 = Force exerted on particle-1 by particle-2
F2 =Force exerted on particle-2 by particle-1
According to Newton’s 3rd law
F1 = -F2 (direction opposite)
m1 v 1−m1 u1 m 2 v 2−m 2 u 2
=−( )
t t
m 1 v 1−m 1 u1 = −m 2 v 2+ m 2 u2
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Total momentum before the collision = total momentum after the collision
5
Sometimes two bodies move together just after the collision. In that case
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v
v is the combined velocity after the collision.
Ques5:
Trolley A of mass 5 kg is
moving rightward over a
smooth runway with
velocity 3 ms-1Trolley B
of mass 4 kg is also moving rightward and following A from behind with
velocity 5 ms-1.
After sometimes they collide with each other. Time of collision 0.20 second. Just
after the collision trolley A moves rightward with velocity 5.0 ms -1.
1) Calculate their total momentum before the collision.
6
2) What will be the total momentum after the collision?
3) Find out the velocity of trolley B just after the collision.
4) Calculate momentum gain of (Impulse) trolley A. Also calculate
momentum loss of trolley B. Comment on your answer.
5) Determine force exerted by trolley A on trolley B. Also determine the force
exerted by trolley B on trolley A.
7
6) Following graph shows the velocity change of trolley A. in the same axis draw
graph to show velocity of trolley B before and after the collision.
7) Check whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.
8
Ques6: A truck of mass 3000kg hits a stationary car of mass 1200kg, with
velocity 12 ms-1. Just after the collision they move together.
2) Calculate their common velocity just after the collision.
3) State whether the collision is elastic or inelastic? Explain your answer.
4) Calculate force exerted on car by the truck. Time of collision 0.50 second.
Ques7: Skier A is moving eastward with velocity 5 ms -1. Mass of skier A is 90kg.
Skier B of mass 70kg is toward west with velocity 9 ms -1 and approaching
towards B face to face. At the time of crossing accidentally they collide with each
other and then move together.
2) Calculate their common velocity just after the collision. State direction of
this velocity.
3) Determine force exerted on A by B. Time of collision is 0.50 second.
4) Check whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.
9
In-elastic collision
This is a collision where energy is lost during the collision and total kinetic
energy of colliding particles is not conserved during the collision. Momentum is
still conserved in all collision.
1 1 1 1
m 1 u21 + m 2 u 22 ≠ m1 v 21 + m 2 v 22
2 2 2 2
m 1 u 1+ m2 u2=m 1 v 1+ m 2 v 2 still true
Elastic collision
This is a collision where no energy is lost during the collision. Kinetic energy of
all particles is conserved before and after the collision.
1 1 1 1
m 1 u21 + m 2 u 22= m1 v 21 + m 2 v 22
2 2 2 2
In elastic collision relative velocity is also conserved.
Velocity of approach before collision = Velocity of separation after collision.
For both elastic and in elastic collision momentum is conserved.
m 1 u 1+ m2 u2=m 1 v 1+ m2 v 2 always true
A small unit of energy eV (electron volt)
1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J
This energy is used to express the kinetic energy of small particles like proton,
electron, alpha-particles.
To introduce eV divide the joule value by 1.6 x 10 -19.
To remove eV multiply joule value by 1.6 x 10-19.
A small unit of mass u
Unified mass unit/ atomic mass unit
1 u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg
10
Ques8:Show that for a particle, Momentum, p= √ 2 m E k
1
Kinetic energy, Ek = mv2
2
Ques9: Kinetic energy of a proton is 5.6 MeV. Mass of proton is u.
Calculate
1) Kinetic energy is joule

2) Momentum in kgms-1
3) Velocity of proton
Explosion:
11
12
Ques10:235
92U decay to Thorium( 90Th ¿ emitting an alpha particle 2α . Assume that
231 4 235
U
92
initially remains at rest. Just after the decay alpha particle moves with kinetic
energy 1.2 MeV.
1) Calculate velocity and momentum of alpha particle.

2) Explain why Alpha particle and thorium must be moving in opposite
direction with same momentum.
3) State momentum of Thorium.
4) Also calculate initial velocity of Thorium.
Two dimensional collision:

Momentum is also conserved in two-dimensional collisions in
any direction. To solve problems, component of all momentum in
a particular direction are resolved and law of conservation of
momentum is used.
Ques 11:
Draw a vector triangle to show momentum of two bodies before the collision and the
total momentum of them after the collision.
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Note-2 A2 Physics ,Unit-4, Momentum, Biswas Academy Biswas Sir--01911383686

Unit = N.s or kgms-1

Newton’s 2nd law,

ΔP = F. Δt (Unit – N.s) Δt – Duration of application of force.

ΔP = (mv – mu) (Unit – Kgms-1)

Change in momentum is also called IMPULSE

1) Momentum change(impulse) of ball

Force exerted on a vertical wall by a wind:

Volume of air hitting the wall in every second = Av

Momentum of air hitting the wall in every second = Mass x velocity

If these air completely goes to rest hitting the wall then,

Momentum change of air in every second = Aρv2

Rate of change in momentum =Aρv2

Force = rate of change in momentum

F = Aρv2 (Force on wall by the wind)

Average power of wind on wall = F x Average velocity on strike.

F = Aρv2 A=Area swift out by the blades.

Law of conservation of momentum

Derivation of formula for momentum change

F1 = Force exerted on particle-1 by particle-2

F2 =Force exerted on particle-2 by particle-1

According to Newton’s 3rd law

F1 = -F2 (direction opposite)

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v

v is the combined velocity after the collision.

moving rightward over a

smooth runway with

of mass 4 kg is also moving rightward and following A from behind with

1) Calculate their total momentum before the collision.

3) Find out the velocity of trolley B just after the collision.

4) Calculate momentum gain of (Impulse) trolley A. Also calculate

momentum loss of trolley B. Comment on your answer.

5) Determine force exerted by trolley A on trolley B. Also determine the force

exerted by trolley B on trolley A.

graph to show velocity of trolley B before and after the collision.

7) Check whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

velocity 12 ms-1. Just after the collision they move together.

1) Calculate their total momentum before the collision.

2) Calculate their common velocity just after the collision.

3) State whether the collision is elastic or inelastic? Explain your answer.

Skier B of mass 70kg is toward west with velocity 9 ms -1 and approaching

other and then move together.

1) Calculate their total momentum before the collision.

3) Determine force exerted on A by B. Time of collision is 0.50 second.

4) Check whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

m 1 u 1+ m2 u2=m 1 v 1+ m 2 v 2 still true

In elastic collision relative velocity is also conserved.

Velocity of approach before collision = Velocity of separation after collision.

For both elastic and in elastic collision momentum is conserved.

m 1 u 1+ m2 u2=m 1 v 1+ m2 v 2 always true

A small unit of energy eV (electron volt)

To introduce eV divide the joule value by 1.6 x 10 -19.

To remove eV multiply joule value by 1.6 x 10-19.

A small unit of mass u

Unified mass unit/ atomic mass unit

Ques9: Kinetic energy of a proton is 5.6 MeV. Mass of proton is u.