FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PLANT EXTRACT-BASED

NATURAL DYE

GINE C. REDIDO

THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF INSTITUTE OF

COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVAO
DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE,MATTI, DIGOS CITY,
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

MAY 2020

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF

PLANT EXTRACT-BASED NATURAL DYE”, prepared and submitted by
GINE C. REDIDO in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering, is hereby accepted.

AUGIE E. FUENTS, Ph. D. TERESA S. LUMANSOC, MSAE

Member Member

__________________ __________________
Date Signed Date Signed

ERIC Z. DEL ROSARIO, MSAE MARK JUDE F. TRONDILLO, Ph. D.

Adviser Chairman

____________________ __________________
Date Signed Date Signed

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering.

MARK JUDE F. TRONDILLO, Ph. D.

Dean

Institute of Computing Engineering and Technology

Davao Del Sur State College

__________________
Date Signed

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES PAGE

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ix

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1
Objectives of the Study 4
Significance of the Study 5
Scope and Limitation of the Study 6
Definition of Terms 7

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Natural Dye 9
Synthetic Dye 9
Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Dye 10
Natural Dye Classification 11
Red Color Dyes 12
Yellow Color Dyes 12
Blue Color Dyes 12
Black Color Dyes 13
Achuete (Bixa orellana L.) 14
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) 16
Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus) 17
Bleaching 18
Mordants 19
Types of Mordants 20
Different Mordanting Procedures 20
Extraction of Colorants from Natural Dyes 22
Conceptual Framework 23

iii
 Hypotheses 24

III METHODOLOGY
Research Materials 26
Research Locale 26
Research Design 27
Collection of Raw Material 28
Processing of Raw Material 29
Extraction Procedure 29
Traditional Extraction Process 29
Black Dye 29
Red Dye 30
Yellow Dye 30
New Formulated Process 31
Bleaching Procedure 33
Mordanting Procedure 33
Dyeing Procedure 34
Data to be Gathered 35
Number of Respondents 35
Selection of Respondents 36
Color Quality Rating 36
Odor Quality Rating 37
Texture Quality Rating 37
Cost Analysis 38
Statistical Tool 39

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Color Quality of Dye 41
Odor Quality of Dye 43
Color Quality of Dyed Abaca Fiber 46
Texture Quality of Dyed Abaca Fiber 47
Odor Quality od Dyed Abaca Fiber 49
Shelf Life of Dye 51
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 54
Conclusions 56
Recommendations 57

iv
LITERATURE CITED 59

APPENDICES
Sensory Evaluation Sheet 69
Gantt Chart 75
Budgetary Requirement 76

PLATES 77

CURRICULUM VITAE 89

v
 LIST OF TABLES

TABL PAGE
E

1 Number Of Natural Dyes In Each Hue As Per The

Colour Index 11

2 Common Natural Dyestuffs Obtained From

Different Vegetable Origin 13

3 Comparison Table For Extraction Process 32

4 Likert Scale Determining The Color Quality Of The

Abaca Fiber 37

5 Different Level Of Odor Of The Dyed Abaca Fiber 37

6 Different Level Of Texture Of The Dyed Abaca

Fiber 38

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Actual Picture Of Achuete (Bixa Orellana L.) Seeds 15

2 Structures Of Curcumin And Its Structures 16

3 Actual Picture Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Rhizomes

17
4 Actual Picture Of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris Pseudacorus)
Rhizomes 18

5 Conceptual Framework 23

6 Schematic Diagram 28

7 Color Quality Difference From Traditionally And Newly

Formulated Extraction Process in Red, Yellow, and
Black Dye 43

8 Odor Quality Difference From Traditionally And Newly

Formulated Extraction Process in Red, Yellow, and
Black Dye 45

9 Abaca Fiber Color Quality Difference From Plant-

Extract Based Natural Dye in Red, Yellow, and Black
Color 47

10 Abaca Fiber Texture Quality Difference From Plant-

Extract Based Natural Dye in Red, Yellow, and Black
Color 49

11 Abaca Fiber Odor Quality Difference From Plant-

Extract Based Natural Dye in Red, Yellow, and Black

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 Color 51

12 Physical Appearance of the Dye Solution on June 05,

2020 52

13 Physical Appearance of the Dye Solution on June 05,

2020 53

14 Procurements of Raw Materials 78

15 Cleaning and Sorting of Raw Materials 79

16 Weighing of Raw Materials 80

17 Grading of Raw Materials 81

18 Extraction Process of Plant-Extract Based Natural Dye

83

19 Dyeing Process of the Abaca Fiber 83

20 Plant-Extract Based Natural Dye 85
21 Dyed Abaca Fiber Final Product 85
22 Sensory Evaluation Test 87

viii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Table Page

1 T-test for Dye Color Quality 63

2 T-test for Dye Odor Quality 63

3 T-test for Dyed Abaca Fiber Color Quality 63

4 T-test for Dyed Abaca Fiber Texture Quality 64

5 T-test for Dyed Abaca Fiber Odor Quality 64

6 Frequency Distribution For Texture Quality of Abaca

Fiber for Red Dye 64

7 Frequency Distribution For Color Quality of Abaca

Fiber for Red Dye 65

8 Frequency Distribution For Odor Quality of Abaca Fiber

for Red Dye 65

9 Frequency Distribution For Texture Quality of Abaca

Fiber for Yellow Dye 66

10 Frequency Distribution For Color Quality of Abaca

Fiber for Yellow Dye 66

11 Frequency Distribution For Odor Quality of Abaca Fiber

for Yellow Dye 67

12 Frequency Distribution For Texture Quality of Abaca

Fiber for Black Dye 67

13 Frequency Distribution For Color Quality of Abaca

Fiber for Black Dye 68

ix
14 Frequency Distribution For Odor Quality of Abaca Fiber
for Black Dye 68

A Sensory Evaluation Sheet 69

B Gantt Chart 75

C Budgetary Requirement 76