CREED REVIEW CENTER

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW THROUGH ENHANCED EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 5
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION

BASIC TERMS TO REMEMBER CORRECTION AS A PROCESS - Refers to the reorientation

of the criminal offender to prevent him or her from
PENOLOGY repeating his deviant or delinquent actions without the
necessity of taking punitive actions but rather the introduction of
- The study of punishment for crime or of criminal individual measures of reformation.
offenders. It includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through punishment of criminal CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION - The study and practice
offenders. of a systematic management of jails or prisons and other
- The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which institutions concerned with the custody, treatment, and
means pain or suffering and “POENALIS” which means rehabilitation of criminal offenders
punishment.
- Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of INSTITUTIONAL NON-INSTITUTIONAL
criminology that deals with prison management and the treatment of CORRECTIONS CORRETIONS
offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of society in its
effort to repress criminal activities. The reformation and The reformation and
- Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still rehabilitation of criminal rehabilitation of criminal
stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the offenders are held inside offenders are provided in
offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing. a correctional institution community / outside prison
or penal establishment
THREE DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY BJMP, DSWD, BUCOR Parole, Probation, Executive
1. SOCIOLOGY OF LAW – deals with understanding the Jails And Prisons Clemencies
nature of criminal law and its procedure of
administration FAQ’S
2. CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY – concerned with determining
causes and factors of crime occurrence BLUE-FLU – the practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick
3. PENOLOGY / PENAL SCIENCE – deals with leave EN MASSE to back-up their demands fro impoved
management and administration of inmates. working conditions, salary increments, and other items on their
agenda
PENAL MANAGEMENT - Refers to the manner or practice of COMPETENT AUTHORITY – refers to the Supreme Court,
managing or controlling places of confinement as in jails or Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court,
prisons. Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Sandigan
Bayan, Military Courts, House of Representatives, Senate,
CORRECTION Commission on Elections, Bureau of Immigration and
Deportation and Board of Pardons and Parole.
- A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate
the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal which consist of his mittimus/commitment order, the
offenders. prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court,
- It is that field of criminal justice administration which including the appellate court, if any.
utilizes the body of knowledge and practices of the COMMITMENT – the entrusting for confinement of an inmate to
government and the society in general involving the a jail by competent authority for investigation, trial and/or service
processes of handling individuals who have been of sentence.
convicted of offenses for purposes of crime prevention
and control. CLASSIFICATION – refers to the assigning or grouping of
- It is the study of jail/prison management and inmates according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
administration as well as the rehabilitation and reformation health, criminal records, etc.
of criminals. – a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and
- It is a generic term that includes all government execution of treatment programs are coordinated to an
agencies, facilities, programs, procedures, personnel, individual.
and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, – the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or
custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment of alleged treatment programs appropriate to their needs.
offenders. Also known as = DIVERSIFICATION
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written order of the court or any
other competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or
prison for confinement.
CONTRABAND – any article, item, or thing prohibited by law
and/or forbidden by jail rules.
TYPES OF CONTRABAND
1. ILLEGAL CONTRABAND – prohibited by law
2. NUISANCE CONTRABAND – prohibited only by jail rules
COED INSTITUTION – or co-correctional institution which hold
both male and female offenders who interact and share the
facility except for sleeping areas. They study, eat, dance, work
and engage in leisure activities within one campus.
CONVICT BOGEY – society exaggerated fear of the convict
and ex-convict which is usually far out of proportion to the real
danger they present.
DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses punishment
to prevent others from committing similar crimes.
DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of correctional
institutions of providing varied and flexible types of physical
plants for more effective control of treatment programs of its
diversified population.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that focuses on
keeping the offenders in the community rather than placing them
in long-term institution.
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period of incarceration
imposed on the offender by the court
ESCAPE – an act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or
custody by an inmate.
– Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)
– is derived from the Greek word ESCAPIO and from the
Latin word ESCAPIUM which means BY CHANCE OR
ACCIDENT.
EXPUNGEMENT – the process by which the record of crime
conviction is destroyed or sealed after expiration of statutory
required time.
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate to leave
containment, for emergency family crises, usually accompanied
by correctional officer. Crises include “death bed”.
RULES ON FURLOUGH
✓ Not more than 30 km radius from the prison facility
✓ More than 3o km but you can return in daylight time
✓ Duration is for maximum of 3 hours only
✓ Cannot join the funeral procession
✓ Request at least 3 days before the date of visit
✓ Approved by the trial court
✓ Inmates confined in maximum security prison
compounds are disqualified to avail the privilege of
furlough
HALF-WAY HOUSES – are non-confining residential facilities
for adjudicated adults or juvenile or those subject to
proceedings. They are alternative to containment for person not
suited for probation that need period for re-adjustment to the
community after imprisonment
TYPES OF HALF WAY HOUSE
1. HALFWAY OUT – prerelease facility used to orient the
prisoner before release for adjustment purposes in coping
in the outside.
a. PRE-RELEASE – place for parole eligible
b. PAROLEES – granted parole but needs
assistance in coping outside.
2. HALFWAY IN – consisting of prisoners who are half way in
prison includes:
a. Probation Violators
b. Parole Violators
Note: half way house in NBP are joint project of Asia Crime
Prevention Foundation, Nagoya Japan West Club and
UNAFEI, from the Japanese end, and the Asia Crime
Prevention Inc., DOJ, NAPOLCOM, Muntinlupa Lions Club, and
other NGO’s on the side of the Philippines
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and maximum
period of incarceration.
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance, tool, or
instrument used to hold back, keep in, check, or control an
inmate; e.g. hand cuffs, leg irons
JAILBREAK - the escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates
by the use of force, threat, violence or deceit or by breaching
security barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence, by
tunneling and/or by other similar means or by burning or
destructing of the facility or a portion of the facility with or without
the aid of jail officer or any other person.
MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and
the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison authorities
to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed
therein.
OPERATION GREYHOUND – a surprise and unannounced
invasion of a cell inside a prison facility conducted by uniformed
personnel of the prison establishment to search for any type of
contraband.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an
ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.
PENITENTIARY – a prison, correctional institution, or other
place of confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve
out the term of their sentence.
PRISON RECORD – refers to information containing an
inmate’s personal circumstances, the offense he committed, the
sentence imposed, the criminal case numbers in the trial
appellate courts, the date he commenced service of his
sentence, the date he was received for confinement, the place
of confinement, the date of expiration of his sentence, the
number of previous convictions, if any, and his behavior and
conduct while in prison.
PROSELYTIZING – coercing an inmate to change and practice
other religion
PRISONIZATION – process by which an inmate learns through
socialization; the rules and regulation of the penitentiary culture.
REHABILITATION – a program of activity directed to restore an
inmate’s self-respect thereby making him a law-abiding citizen
after serving his sentence. To change an offender’s character,
attitude or behavior patterns so as to diminish his or her criminal
propensities.

RESTORATION – refers to a victim-oriented approach to crime
that emphasizes restitution (compensation) for victims. This
intervention advocates restoring the victim and creating
constructive roles for victims in the criminal justice process,
rather than focus on the punishment of criminals.
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT / DELAYED SENTENCE –
offender is allowed to retain current employment and permit
sentences to be served during weekends.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CORRECTIONS
13TH CENTURY – SECURING SANCTUARY
- In the 13th C, a criminal could avoid punishment by
claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the
end of which time, he has compelled to leave the realm by
a road or path assigned to him.
BENEFIT OF THE CLERGY - In the 13th Century, a
compromise between the church and the king, wherein any
member of the clergy brought to trial in the king’s court shall be
claimed from the jurisdiction by the bishop or chaplain
representing him and placed under the authority of the
ecclesiastical court.
It was provided for the clergies in Europe during the 12th
Century by giving them exemption for criminal punishment
1468 (ENGLAND) – Torture as a form of punishment became
prevalent.
16TH CENTURY – Transportation of criminals in England, was
authorized. At the end of the 16th C, Russia and other European
Countries followed this system. It partially relieved overcrowding
of prisons. Transportation was abandoned in 1835.
PIRACY ACT OF 1717 - was an act of the parliament of Great
Britain that established a 7 years penal transportation to North
America as a possible punishment for those convicted of
lesser felonies
17TH C TO LATE 18TH C – Death Penalty became prevalent as
a form of punishment.
GAOLS - (Jails) – pretrial detention facilities operated by
English Sheriff.
GALLEYS – long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by
sails, usually rowed by criminals. A type of ship used for
transportation of criminals in the 16th century.
HULKS – decrepit transport, former warships used to house
prisoners in the 18th and 19th century. These were abandoned
warships converted into prisons as means of relieving
congestion of prisoners. They were also called “floating hells”.
GULAGS
– the term Gulag of Igorot mountain tribe according to the
linguist, refers to a wooden-fence where convicted felons
were imprisoned by the elders.
– At the height of the Banawe Rice-Terraces construction,
thetribe’s chieftain considers it a crime for any able-bodied
male who refuses to work at the terraces, if found guilty of
such idleness, he will be sent to the Gulag.
GULAG OF GERMANY - this is infamous Gulag prison of
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in Germany, where thousands of Jews
were man-slaughtered during the reign of Adolph Hitler.
GULAG OF RUSSIA - this is synonymous for corrective labor
camp, a penal institution established in 1918 after the Russian
Revolution. It was the most feared prison during the reign of
Joseph Stalin on 1934 to 1947.
PENOLOGICAL THEORIES
The first attempt to explain crime was made by the
Athenian philosopher, Aristotle. In his book “Nicomedean
Ethics”, he discusses corrective justice, thus –
“punishment is a means of restoring the balance between
pleasure and pain”.
THE EMERGENCE OF SECULAR LAW
4th A.D. - Secular Laws were advocated by Christian
philosophers who recognizes the need for justice. Some of the
proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thomas
Aquinas.
LAWS WERE DISTINGUISHED:
1. External Law (Lex Externa)
2. Lex Divina (Divine Law)
3. Natural Law (Lex Naturalis)
4. Human Law (Lex Humana)
All these laws are intended for the common good, but the
Human law only become valid if it does not conflict with the other
two laws.
THE JUDEAN—CHRISTIAN THEORY
Following the Secular Theory of punishment was
the Judean or Christian Theory, which was at its fullest
development during the death of Christ in 30 A.D. This
theory of expiation believes that punishment has a
redemptive purpose of repelling sin advocated by the devil.
THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PENOLOGY
1. THE CLASSICAL / JURISTIC SCHOOL – it maintains the
“doctrine of psychological hedonism” or “free will”. That the
individual calculates pleasures and pains in advance of
action and regulates his conduct by the result of his
calculations.
Basis of criminal liability – absolute human free will
Purpose of punishment – retribution
2. THE NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL – it maintained that
while the classical doctrine is correct in general, it should
be modified in certain details. Since children and
lunatics cannot calculate the differences of pleasures
from pain, they should not be regarded as criminals,
hence they should be free from punishment.
RESULT OF THE NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY
✓ Exempting circumstances admitted
✓ Reduction of punishment for partial freedom of the will
– only partial responsibility
✓ Punishment was mitigated for lack of full responsibility
✓ It represented the reaction against the severity of the
classical theory of equal punishment irrespective of
circumstances
3. THE POSITIVIST/ITALIAN SCHOOL – the school that
denied individual responsibility and reflected non-punitive
reactions to crime and criminality. It adheres that crimes,
as any other act, is a natural phenomenon. Criminals are
considered as sick individuals who need to be treated by
treatment programs rather than punitive actions against
them.
- treats criminals as sick individuals
- purpose of punishment is treatment is
rehabilitation
. (Coquia, Principles of Roman Law, 1996).
REDRESS (COMPENSATION) OF A WRONG ACT
RETALIATION (PERSONAL VENGEANCE) – the earliest
remedy for a wrong act to any one (in the primitive society). The
concept of personal revenge by the victim’s family or tribe
against the family or tribe of the offender, hence “blood feuds”
was accepted in the early primitive societies.
FINES AND PUNISHMENT – Customs has exerted effort and
great force among primitive societies. The acceptance of
vengeance in the form of payment (cattle, food, personal
services, etc) became accepted as dictated by tribal traditions.
As tribal leaders, elders and later kings came into power, they
begun to exert their authority on the negotiations. Wrongdoers
could choose to stay away from the proceedings (Trial by
ordeal) but if they refuse to abide by the law imposed, they will
be declared to be an outlaw.
EARLY CODES
1. BABYLONIAN AND SUMERIAN CODES
CODE OF KING HAMMURABI (HAMMURABIC
CODE) – Babylon, about 1990 BC, credited as the oldest code
prescribing savage punishment, but in fact, Sumerian codes
(Code of King Ur-Nammu) were nearly one hundred years
older.
- applied the doctrine of Lex Talionis (Law of Retaliation)
- believed in the philosophy of Tit for Tat
2. ROMAN AND GREEK CODES
a. JUSTINIAN CODE– 6th C A.D., Emperor Justinian of
Rome wrote his code of law. An effort to match a
desirable amount of punishment to all possible
crimes. However, the law did not survive due to the
fall of the Roman Empire but left a foundation of
Western legal codes.
* THE TWELVE TABLES (XII TABULAE), (451-450
BC) – represented the earliest codification of Roman law
incorporated into the Justinian Code. It is the foundation
of all public and private law of the Romans until the time
of Justinian. It is also a collection of legal principles
engraved on metal tablets and set up on the forum.
b. GREEK CODE OF DRACO – In Greece, the Code of
Draco, a harsh code that provides the same punishment for
both citizens and the slaves as it incorporates primitive
concepts (Vengeance, Blood Feuds).
* The Greeks were the first society to allow any citizen to
prosecute the offender in the name of the injured party.
3. THE BURGUNDIAN CODE (500 A.D) – specified
punishment according to the social class of offenders,
dividing them into: nobles, middle class and lower class
and specifying the value of the life of each person
according to social status.
EARLY CODES (PHILIPPINE SETTING)
The Spanish Civil Code became effective in the
Philippines on December 7, 1889, the “Conquistadores” and the
“Kodigo Penal”(The Revised Penal Code today, 1930) was
introduced by the Spaniards promulgated by the King of Spain.
Basically, these laws adopted the Roman Law principles
Sometimes called as – “LEY ENGICIAMIENTO CRIMINAL”
Mostly tribal traditions, customs and practices
influenced laws during the Pre-Spanish Philippines. There were
also laws that were written which include:
a. THE CODE OF KALANTIAO (promulgated in 1433) – the
most extensive and severe law that prescribes harsh
punishment in Aklan and Panay Islands.
b. THE MARAGTAS CODE (by Datu Sumakwel of Ilo-ilo)
c. SIKATUNA LAW (Bohol)
EARLY PRISONS
1. MAMERTINE PRISON / CARCERE MAMERTINO – the
only early Roman place of confinement which is built
under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C
Other places of confinement in the history of
confinement include FORTRESSES, CASTLES, and TOWN
GATES that were strongly built purposely against roving bands
of raiders.
2. The most popular workhouse was the BRIDEWELL
WORKHOUSE (1557) in London which was built for the
employment and housing of English prisoners.
- Named after St. Bridget Well
3. WULNUT STREET JAIL – originally constructed as a
detention jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state
prison and became the first American Penitentiary.
4. ERGASTALUM – it is an ancient prison wherein prisoner
are attached to workbenches and are forced to do hard
labor in the period of their imprisonment.
5. MAISON DE FORCE (1627) – a house of correction in
Ghent, Belgium which separate adult from juveniles and
women from men, an innovation to prison system during
the 1600s. established by Jean Jaques Villian (Father of
Penitentiary Science)
6. SING-SING PRISON - was the third prison built by New
York State. It is a maximum security prison inflicted aside
from floggings, denial of reading materials and solitary
confinement. The shower bath was a gadget so
constructed as to drop a volume of water on the head of
a locked naked offender. The force of icy cold water
hitting the head of the offender caused so much pain and
extreme shock that prisoners immediately sank into coma
due to the shock and hypothermia or sudden drop in
body temperature
7. ALCATRAZ (THE ROCK) - 1850 – the prison is located
on an island in San Francisco Bay. It was built for the
military in the 1850's and used by them, as a fort and a
 prison until 1933 when it passed to the Department of
Justice thru the recommendation of Dir. John Edgar
Hoover and became a civil prison until it was closed
in1963 thru the writings of James Bennet
- The hardest prison in history where number 1
public enemies are imprisoned like Al Capone.
FAMOUS ESCAPEES OF ALCATRAZ (1962)
1. Frank Morris
2. Clarence and
3. John Anglin
OLIN GUY BLACKWELL - last warden of the Alcatraz prison.
8. DEVIL'S ISLAND - French penal colony from 1852 to 1959
where political prisoners are exiled
9. ROBBEN ISLAND - A prison complex located at the coast
of
Capetown South Africa which serve as a refugee camp for
people afflicted with leper before converted into a prison.
10. PORT ARTHUR - located in Tasmania, Australia, is a penal
colony which is the destination for the hardest English
prisoner during the middle of the 19th century.
11. NEW GATE PRISON - not a real prison but an abandoned
copper mine of Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are
confined underground (Black hole of horrors).
EARLY PRISONS IN THE PHILIPPINES:
During the Pre-Spanish period, prison system in the
Philippines was tribal in nature. Village chieftains administered
it. It was historically traced from the early written laws.
Established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the
Revised Administrative Code and formally opened by Royal
Decree in 1865, the first BILIBID PRISON was constructed and
became the central place of confinement for Filipino Prisoners
by virtue of the Royal decree of the Spanish crown.
In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa
property with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site
for boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now
being used as the MANILA CITY JAIL, famous as the “MAY
HALIQUE ESTATE”.
PUNISHMENT
- It is the REDRESS (COMPENSATION) that the state
takes against an offending member of society that
usually involve pain and suffering.
- It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for a
crime or wrongdoing.
- The authoritative imposition of something negative or
unpleasant on a person in response to behavior
deemed wrong by law.
PENALTY AND THE MODERN PERIOD OF
CORRECTION
PENALTY is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state
against an offending member for the transgression of law.
ANCIENT FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
1. DEATH PENALTY / CAPITAL PUNISHMENT – affected
by burning, beheading, hanging, breaking at the wheels,
pillory and other forms of medieval executions.
DEATH CONVICT- This refers to an inmate death
penalty/sentence imposed by the Regional Trial Court is
affirmed by the Supreme Court.
2. PHYSICAL TORTURE / CORPORAL PUNISHMENT–
affected by maiming, mutilation, whipping and other
inhumane or barbaric forms of inflicting pain.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – the infliction of physical pain as
a form of punishment.
3. SOCIAL DEGRADATION – putting the offender into shame
or humiliation.
4. PILLORY - a wooden framework with holes for the head
and hands, in which offenders were formerly imprisoned
and exposed to public abuse.
5. BANISHMENT OR EXILE / OSTRACISM / OUTLAWRY –
the sending or putting away of an offender which was
carried out either by prohibition against coming into a
specified territory such as an island to where the offender
has been removed.
- Presently known as DESTIERRO
METHODS OF DEATH PENALTY EXECUTED IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1. GARROTE - This became popular when three (3) friar’s
priests, commonly addressed as GOMBURZA, were
executed in 1872 by the Spanish colonial rulers for
exposing the venalities of the church.
An iron collar attached upon a scaffold formerly
used in Spain and Portugal. The convict is seated on the
improvised chair with both hands and feet tied. Then, the
victim’s neck is placed on the collar attached to it, finally,
the iron collar is slowly tightened by the screw at the back
chair by the executioner until the death convict is
pronounced dead.
This method of execution was abolished in the
Philippines by virtue of Act 451.
CAUSE OF DEATH – Asphyxia or blockage of the passage of
oxygen.
2. MUSKETRY / FIRING SQUAD - Our national hero, Dr.
Jose Rizal, died due to the alleged rebellion to the
Spanish government. Drug Lord Lim Seng met his death
sentence by firing squad in 1973 at Fort Bonifacio during
Martial Law.
3. BEHEADING / DECAPITATION - Apprehended guerillas
were beheaded by Samurai Sword at the Japanese
Kempetei Garrison in 1943.
Derived from the Latin word “DE” meaning FROM, and
“CAPUT” meaning a HEAD. Instead of using an axe, the method
employed is by use of a sword and the practice is widespread in
China and Muslim States.
4. HANGING - The famous tiger of Malaysia Yamashita died
of hanging from 13th footstep platform in 1946.
Mostly, the execution is conducted at dawn. The
executioner will place a cloth over his head. Steel weights are
strapped to the legs of the death convict to ensure that he/she
will die quickly. Then the rope will be placed around the neck of
the convict, and finally, the platform will be removed

CAUSE OF DEATH – asphyxia
5. ELECTRIC CHAIR / SILIA ELECTRICA - The Muntinlupa
electric, which was originally used way back 1926, is chair
has claimed more than seventy (70) offenders convicted
of capital offenses since its installation four (4) decades
ago.
The convict is seated on a chair made of electrical
conducting materials with strap of electrodes on wrist, ankle
and head. Upon orders, the levers will be pulled-up and the
fatal volts of alternating current pas the body until the convict
dies. If ever the convict is still alive, the lever shall be pulled
again until he is pronounced dead.
6. LETHAL INJECTION / INTRAVENOUS POISONING
While the 1987 Constitution abolished death sentence,
however, Congress in 1996 passed RA 7659 as amended by
RA 8177 that imposes death penalty for heinous crime by lethal
injection.
Developed in 1924 by an anesthesiologist in Nevada.
Components of chemicals used in Lethal Injection are: Non-
lethal Dose / SODIUM THIOPENTAL – a sleep inducing
barbiturate commonly used in surgery to put the patient asleep;
Lethal Dose / PANCURONIUM BROMIDE – a drug capable of
paralyzing the muscles; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE – capable
of stopping heartbeat within seconds, this is commonly used
in Heart-by-pass operations.
LEO ECHEGARAY – 1st Filipino person who was executed thru
lethal injection
CAUSE OF DEATH – Cardiac arrest / heart attack
OTHER FORMS OF EXECUTION
1. STONING TO DEATH / LAPIDATION - It is a form of
execution wherein the condemned person is pelted with
stones.
2. CRUCIFIXION - A person convicted to death was nailed on
the cross with both hands and feet to add ignominy to his
agony and humiliation. He was crowned with the specter
of spines of vines in his head. Then the Roman pears were
thrusts to his flesh body and died of asphyxiation.
3. BURNING AT STAKE - Form of execution wherein the
convict is tied in pole and then set on fire alive.
4. PILLORY - Bouvier’s dictionary defines pillory as a wooden
machine, in which the neck of the doomed culprit is
inserted thereof and usually executed in public as a means
of punishing offenders in Europe and Colonial America.
Pillory is a wooden frame with three (3) curved holes in
it (two for the left and right wrists and the middle curved
hole is for the neck) and mounted on the post upon a
platform. The condemned man is left to die at the mercy
of unfriendly weather. Other similar form with holes for the
offender’s feet is called a STOCK.
5. FLAGELLATION - X-designed log were cross-joined and
declined at 65 degrees backward. The hooded doomed-
man was tied on the cross-x with both hands spread
upward while the feet were spread apart. The con-man is
bear naked except in the skimpy short pants.
The whipping rod is made of stripped hard
leather with brass button in laid across and embedded at
the tips. At the given signal, six men will whip 30 lashes
each alternately and will continue, except upon the
intercession of the victim or the State. This intervention of
the aggrieved party to stop is tantamount to pardon and
the man shall be released to freedom.
6. GUILLOTINE - A device for cutting-off people’s head
developed in 1972 by Dr. Joseph Ignacio Guillotin, a
member of the French National Assembly, he proposed
that all executions must be uniform and painless.
7. GAS CHAMBER - Invented after World War I by a medical
Corp’s Officer of the US Army as an alternative to electric
chair. In medical term, the convict will die from HYPOXIA
which means death due to the cutting-off of oxygen in
the brain.
8. IMPALEMENT - (IMPALING) a form of capital punishment,
is the penetration of an organism by an object such as a
stake, pole, spear or hook, by complete (or partial)
perforation of the body, often the central body mass. Killing
by piercing the body with a spear or sharp pole.
EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE
1. HARD LABOR – also known as penal servitude where
inmates are given productive works.
2. DEPRIVATION – deprivation of everything except the
bare essentials of existence
3. MONOTONY – giving the same food that is “off” diet, or
requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring daily
routine.
4. UNIFORMITY – “we treat the prisoners alike”. “ the fault of
one is the fault of all”.
5. MASS MOVEMENT – mass living in cell blocks, mass
eating, mass recreation, mass bathing.
6. DEGRADATION – uttering insulting words or languages
on the part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or
break the confidence of prisoners.
7. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – imposing brutal
punishment or employing physical force to intimidate a
delinquent inmate.
8. ISOLATION OR SOLITARY CONFINEMENT /
BARTOLINA – non-communication, limited news, “ the
lone wolf”.
BJMP = 1 TO 7 DAYS
BUCOR = 1 MONTH TO 2 MONTHS
UN RULES = 22 hours – 15 days
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
1. IMPRISONMENT / ISOLATION / INCARCERATION /
COMMITMENT / INCAPACITATION– putting the offender
in prison for the purpose of protecting the public against
criminal activities and at the same time rehabilitating the
prisoners by requiring them to undergo institutional
treatment programs.
DURATION OF PENALTIES
1. DEATH PENALTY – Capital punishment
2. LIFE IMPRISONMENT – life time imprisonment for
SPL
 3. RECLUSION PERPETUA – 20 yrs and 1 day up to
40 years
4. RECLUSION TEMPORAL – 12 yrs and 1 day to 20
years imprisonment
5. PRISION MAYOR – 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years
6. PRISION CORRECTIONAL – 6 months and 1 day
to 6 years
7. ARRESTO MAYOR – 1 month and 1 day to 6
months
8. ARRESTO MENor – 1 day to 30 days
9. BOND TO KEEP THE PEACE – discretionary on the
part of the court.
2. PAROLE - a conditional release of prisoners after serving
part of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of
gradually re-introducing him/her to free life under the
guidance and supervision of a parole officer.
3. PROBATION – a disposition whereby a defendant after
conviction of an offense, the penalty of which does not
exceed six years imprisonment, is released subject to the
conditions imposed by the releasing court and under the
supervision of a probation officer.
4. FINE – an pecuniary amount given as a compensation for
a criminal act.
5. DESTIERRO – the penalty of banishing a person from the
place where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get
near or enter the 25-kilometer perimeter.
PURPOSES/JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT (RADIRR)
1. RETRIBUTION (PERSONAL VENGEANCE / REVENGE)
– the punishment should be provided by the state whose
sanction is violated, to afford the society or the individual
the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable
punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be
punished because they deserve it.
2. ATONEMENT OR EXPIATION – it is punishment in the
form of group vengeance where the purpose is to
appease the offended public or group.
3. DETERRENCE – punishment gives lesson to the offender
by showing to others what would happen to them if they
violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential
offenders that they can not afford to do what the offender
has done.
4. INCAPACITATION AND PROTECTION – the public will
be protected if the offender has being held in conditions
where he cannot harm others especially the public.
Punishment is effected by placing offenders in prison so
that society will be ensured from further criminal
depredations of criminals.
5. REFORMATION OR REHABILITATION – it is the
establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the
offender. Society’s interest can be better served by
helping the prisoner to become law abiding citizen and
productive upon his return to the community by requiring
him to undergo intensive program of rehabilitation in
prison.
6. REINTEGRATION – it is the act wherein inmates were
able to return to their homeland.
VI. THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT / AGE OF REASON
18th Century is a century of change. It is the period of
recognizing human dignity. It is the movement of reformation,
the period of introduction of certain reforms in the correctional
field by certain person, gradually changing the old positive
philosophy of punishment to a more humane treatment of
prisoners with innovational programs.
JURIDICAL CONDITIONS (LEGAL REQUISITES) OF
PENALTY (CCC-LE-PP)
Punishment must be:
1. CERTAIN – no one must escape its effects.
2. CORRECTIONAL – changes the attitude of offenders and
become law-abiding citizens.
3. COMMENSURATE WITH THE OFFENSE – different
crimes must be punished with different penalties (Art. 25,
RPC).
4. LEGAL – the consequence must be in accordance with
the law.
5. EQUAL – equal for all persons.
6. PRODUCTIVE OF SUFFERING – without however
affecting the integrity of the human personality.
7. PERSONAL – the guilty one must be the one to be
punished, no proxy.
THE PIONEERS CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM:
1. WILLIAM PENN (1614-1718)
- He fought for religious freedom and individual rights.
- He is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as
correctional treatment for major offenders.
- He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty
and torture as a form of punishment.
2. CHARLES MONTESIQUIEU (Charles Louis Secondat,
Baron de la Brede et de Montesiquieu)
- (1689- 1755) A French historian and philosopher who
analyzed law as an expression of justice. He believe that
harsh punishment would undermine morality and that
appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of
preventing crime.
3. VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet)
- (1694- 1778) He was the most versatile of all philosophers
during this period. He believes that fear of shame was a
deterrent to crime. He fought the legality-sanctioned
practice of torture.
4. CESARE BONESA, MARCHESE DE BECCARIA (F-RE-
D)
- He wrote an essay entitled “An Essay on Crimes and
Punishment”, the most exiting essay on law during this
century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.
- “let the punishment fit the crime”
- Freewill
- Retribution
- Deterrence
5. JEREMY BENTHAM (PHUF) - the greatest leader in the
reform of English Criminal law. He believes that whatever
punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain
the criminal derives from crime, the crime rate would go
down.
- Design the Panoptican Prison (Cylindical Prison)
- Hedonism – people will seek pleasure and avoid pain
- Proposed the philosophy of utilitarianism
- Advocated the imaginary mathematical formula of
felicific calculus
- Bentham was the one who devise the ultimate
PANOPTICAN PRISON – a prison that consists of a large
circular building containing multi cells around the
periphery. It was never built.
Panopticon – to see everything or to observe
6. JOHN HOWARD (1726 – 1790) – (ASSS) – the sheriff of
Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune
to prison reform. After his findings on English Prisons, he
recommended the following:
a. abolition of fee system by which jailers obtained
money from prisoners
b. single cells for sleeping
c. segregation of women
d. segregation of youth - provision of sanitation
facilities
- Father of prison reform in the world, great prison
reformer
- a philanthropist and the first English prison reformer
7. ELAM LYNDS - warden of the Auburn and later of Sing
Sing (which he built), was one of the most influential
persons in the development of early prison discipline in
America. He is described as having been a strict
disciplinarian who believe that all convicts were cowards
who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken. To
this end he devised a system of brutal punishments and
degrading procedures, many of which remained as
accepted practice until very recent times
8. JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN - Father of Penitentiary
Science - pioneered classification to separate women and
children from hardened criminals.
9. JAMES V. BENNETT - Director of Federal Bureau of
Prisons, Wrote about closing of Alcatraz Prison , Built the
Federal Correctional Institution in Seagoville Texas
10. ELIZABETH FRY - An English reformer sometimes
referred to as the "angel of prisons" because of her driving
force behind new legislation to treat prisoners humanely
THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT
1. ALEXANDER MOCANOCHIE – He is the
Superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island
in Australia (1840) who introduced the “Mark System”. A
system in which a prisoner is required to earn a number of
marks based on proper department, labor and study in
order to entitle him for a ticket for leave or conditional
release which is similar to parole.
- Father of parole (in Australlia)
2. MANUEL MONTESIMOS – The Director of Prisons in
Valencia Spain (1835) who divided the number of
prisoners into companies and appointed certain
prisoners as petty officers in charge, which allowed
good behavior to prepare the convict for gradual release.
3. DOMETS OF FRANCE / FREDERICK AUGUST
DEMETS – established an agricultural colony for
delinquent boys in 1839 providing housefathers as in
charge of these boys. The boys were housed in cottages
with house fathers as in charge. The system was based
on re-education rather than force. When discharge the
boys were place under the supervision of a patron.
4. SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE – The Director of the
English Prison who opened the Borstal Institution for
young offenders. The Borstal Institution is considered as
the best reform institution for young offenders today.
Borstal Reformatory – the first juvenile reformatory in
England. The Borstal Institution of England is today
considered best reform institutions for young
offenders.
NEW YORK HOUSE OF REFUGE - the first juvenile
reformatory in USA.
5. WALTER CROFTON – He is the Director of the Irish
Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system that was
modified from the Mocanochie’s mark system.
- Progressive mark system
- Irish System
- Father of parole in Ireland
4 STAGES OF IRISH SYSTEM
I. The first stage of the Irish system was solitary
confinement for nine months at a certain prison
II. The second stage was an assignment to the public
works at Spike Island. The prisoner worked his promotion
through a series of the grades, according to a mark system
III. In the third stage the prisoner without custodial supervision
and was expose to ordinary temptations of freedom.
IV. The final stage was the release on supervision under
conditions equivalent to present day parole.
6. ZEBULON BROCKWAY – The Director of the Elmira
Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain
innovational programs like the following: training school
type - compulsory education of prisoners - casework
methods - extensive use of parole - indeterminate
sentence
The ElMIRA REFORMATORY (THE HILL) is considered
forerunner of modern penology because it had all the elements
of a modern system. Extensively used Non-institutional
Corrections. A new institutional program for boys from 16 to 30
years of age.
- ESTABLISHED ON 1876
GOLDEN AGE OF PENOLOGY – 1870 – 1880
Events: (ACA – IPPC – ER – CIW)
1. The National Prison Association, now American
Correctional Association (ACA), was organized and its
first annual Congress was held in Cincinati, Ohio.
2. The first International Prison Congress (IPC) was held in
London. Representative of the government of the United
States and European countries attended it. As a result of
this congress, the International Penal and Penitentiary
Commission, an inter-governmental organization was
established in 1875 with headquarters at The Hague.
3. The Elmira Reformatory, which was considered as the
forerunner of modern penology, was opened in Elmira, New
York in 1876. The figures of Elmira were a training school
type of institutional program, social casework in the
institution, and extensive of parole.
4. The first separate institutions for women were
established in Indiana and Massachusetts.
THE TWO RIVAL PRISON SYSTEM IN THE HISTORY OF
CORRECTION
A. AUBURN PRISON SYSTEM – the prison system called the
“Congregate System” / GROUP SYSTEM
- The prisoners are confined in their own cells during the
night and congregate work in shops during the day.
Complete silence was enforced.
HARD WOOD SHOPS – place where prisoners do their labor
B. PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SYSTEM (S-S-S) – the prisons
system called “Solitary System” / SILENT SYSTEM /
SEPARATE SYSTEM. Prisoners are confined in single
cells day and night where they lived, they slept, and they
ate and receive religious instructions. Complete Silence
was also enforced. They are required to read the Bible.
In 1934, the League of Nations adopted the
“Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners “,
drafted by the IPCC. The League requested all governments to
give the greatest possible publicity to the Rules; to take the
necessary measures in order that they might be observed; and
to submit regular reports regarding their application and
regarding the prison reforms achieved in the respective
countries
PRISON
- A penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment
(incarceration) of persons convicted of major/ serious
crimes.
- A building, usually with cells, or other places established for
the purpose of taking safe custody or confinement of
criminals.
- A place of confinement for those for those charged with or
convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.
- a public building or other place for the confinement of
person, whether as a punishment imposed by the law or
otherwise in the course of the administration of justice
As defined in the BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS OPERATING
MANUAL, it also refers to a penal establishment under the
control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall include the New
Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women, Leyte
Regional Prison, and the Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan, and
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farms.
WHO IS A PRISONER / INMATE?
- A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful
authority. A person, who by reason of his criminal
sentence or by a decision issued by a court, may be
deprived of his liberty or freedom.
- A prisoner is any person detained/confined in jail or prison
for the commission of a criminal offense or convicted and
serving in a penal institution.
- A person committed to jail or prison by a competent
authority for any of the following reasons: To serve a
sentence after conviction – Trial – Investigation
INMATE – (brief definition) either a prisoner or detainee
confined in jail.
- (as defined in Bureau of Corrections Operating Manual)
refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by the court
to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than
three (3) years or to a fine of more than one thousand pesos
(P1, 000.00); or regardless of the length of the sentence
imposed by the court, to one sentenced for violation of the
Customs Law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the
Bureau of Customs or enforceable by it, or violation of
immigration and election laws; or to one sentenced to serve
two (2) or more prison sentences in the aggregate
exceeding the period of three (3) years, whether or not he
has appealed. It shall include a person committed to the
Bureau by a court or competent authority for safekeeping
or similar purpose. Unless otherwise indicated, “inmate”
shall also refer to a “detainee.”
PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY - Refers to a detainee,
inmate, or prisoner, or other person under confinement or
custody in any other manner. However, in order to prevent
labeling, branding or shaming by the use of these or other
derogatory words, the term “prisoner” has been replaced by this
new and neutral phrase
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
1. DETENTION PRISONERS – those detained for
investigation, preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial. A
detainee in a lock up jail. They are prisoners under the
jurisdiction of Courts.
ALSO KNOWN AS “DETAINEE” – person who is confined in
prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or upon
legal process issued by the competent authority.
– a person accused before a court or competent authority
who is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing
investigation, awaiting final judgment.
2. SENTENCED PRISONERS – offenders who are
committed to the jail or prison in order to serve their
sentence after final conviction by a competent court. They
are prisoners under the jurisdiction of penal institutions.
3. PRISONERS WHO ARE ON SAFEKEEPING – includes
non-criminal offenders who are detained in order to protect
the community against their harmful behavior. Ex.
Mentally deranged individuals, insane person.
SAFEKEEPING – the temporary custody of a person for his own
protection, safety, or care; and/or his security from harm, injury
or danger for the liability he has committed.
JAIL VS PRISON
 CATEGORIES JAIL PRISON
Purpose Accept inmates who Accepts inmates CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO
committed minor who committed DEGREE OF SECURITY:
offense major offense
Agency BJMP BUCOR 1. SUPER MAXIMUM-SECURITY PRISONERS
Department DILG DOJ (INAPPLICABLE TO THE PHILIPPINE SETTING)
Law RA 6975 Act 1407 - A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible,
RA 9263 EO 292 intractable, and highly dangerous persons who are
RA 10575 the source of constant disturbances even in a
Date of January 2, 1991 November 1, 1905 maximum-security prison.
Creation - They wear orange color of uniform.
Powers Accepts Detainees Accepts offenders 2. MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS
and Convicts with 3 with above 3 years - The group of prisoners whose escape could be dangerous
years of imprisonment to the public or to the security of the state.
imprisonment - It consists of constant troublemakers but not as dangerous
Jurisdiction Controls all City, Supervised all as the super maximum-security prisoners. Their
Municipal and seven (7) insular movements are restricted and they are not allowed to work
District Jails prisons in the outside the institution but rather assigned to industrial
Country shops with in the prison compound.
Agency Head C, BJMP Director General - They are confined at the Maximum-Security Prison (NBP
(Director Rank) (USec) Main Building), they wear orange color of uniform.
Local Head Warden Superintendent - Prisoners includes those sentenced to serve sentence 20
Personnel Jail Officers Correction Officers years or more, or those whose sentenced are under the
Uniform of Yellow Max – Tangerine review of the Supreme Court, and offenders who are
Inmates Med – Blue criminally insane having severe personality or emotional
Min – Brown disorders that make them dangerous to fellow offenders or
staff members.

3. MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONERS

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS
- Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions and pose
lesser danger than maximum-security prisoners in case
1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS
they escape.
- Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years
- It consist of groups of prisoners who may be allowed to
and 1 day to life imprisonment.
work outside the fence or walls of the penal institution
- Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited
under guards or with escorts.
above but appealed the judgment and unable to file a bond
- They occupy the Medium Security Prison (Camp
for their temporary liberty.
Sampaguita) and they wear blue color of uniforms.
2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS
Generally, they are employed as agricultural workers.
- Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment
- It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence is less
from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than
than 20 years and life-sentenced prisoners who served at
1,000 pesos, or both; or
least 10 years inside a maximum security prison.
- Those detained therein waiting for preliminary
investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.
4. MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS
Nota Bene:
- A group of prisoners who can be reasonably trusted to
serve sentence under “open conditions”.
PROVINCIAL JAIL (1910) - under the office of the Governor.
- This group includes prisoners who can be trusted to report
Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed is more
to their work assignments without the presence of guards.
than six months but not more than 3 years and the same was
- They occupy the Minimum Security Prison (Camp Bukang
committed within the municipality, the offender must serve his
Liwayway) and wear brown color uniforms.
or her sentence in the provincial jail. Where the penalty imposed
exceeds three years, the offender shall serve his or her
sentence in the penal institutions of the Bureau of Corrections. CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES AS TO PRIVILEGES

3. CITY PRISONERS 1. 3RD CLASS – committed for three or more time as

- Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1
day to 3 years or a fine of not more than 1,000 pesos or
both.
- Those detained therein whose cases are filed with the
MTC.
- Those detained therein whose cases are cognizable by
the RTC and under Preliminary Investigation.
4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS
- Those confined in Municipal jails to serve an imprisonment
from 1 day to 6 months.
- Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are
pending with the MTC.
sentenced prisoner.
2. 2ND CLASS – newly arrived inmate, demoted from 1st
class or promoted from 3rd class
3. 1ST CLASS – known for character and credit for work
while in detention or one promoted from 2nd class
4. COLONIST – after one year after being promoted from 1st
class who served with good conduct the 1/5 of his
maximum sentence or served 7 years of his life sentence.
PRIVELEGES OF A COLONIST
1. Automatic commutation to 30 years of life
imprisonment
2. Deduction of 5 days / month
3. Wear civilian clothes
4. Can live with his family
5. Subsidy from the Government
6. Transportation allowance
7. Use of Prison facilities
ORIGIN OF THE WORD PRISON
- the word prison was derived from the Greco-Roman word
PRESIDIO
- “PRE” means BEFORE and SIDIO means INSIDE. It is
synonymous to a fenced-cave or dungeon.
THE PHILIPPINE PRISON SYSTEM
The Philippine prison system is patterned after the
Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United States. It is a bureau
within the Department of Justice.
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
Bureau of Prisons was created under the
Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1,
1905) as an agency under the Department of Commerce and
Police.
Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections
under Executive Order 292 (Administrative Code) passed
during the Cory Aquino Administration. It states that the head of
the Bureau of Corrections is the Director of Prisons who is
appointed by the President of the Philippines with the
confirmation of the Commission of Appointments.
RA 10575 - Also known as The “Act Strengthening The Bureau
of Corrections and Providing Funds Therefore” Also Known as
BuCor Law of 2013”
The Bureau of Corrections has general supervision
and control of all seven (7) national / insular prisons or
penitentiaries. It is charged with the safekeeping of all Insular
Prisoners confined therein or committed to the custody of the
Bureau.
BP 28 - law that change the name penal colony to penal farm
KEY POSITIONS
The BuCor shall be headed by a Director (Rank -
Undersecretary) who shall be assisted by three (3) Deputy
Directors (Rank – Asst. Director): one (1) for administration,
one (1) for security and operations and one (1) for
reformation, all of whom shall be appointed by the President
upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the DOJ:
Provided, That the Director and the Deputy Directors of the
BuCor shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed six (6) years
from the date of appointment:
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION FOR CORRECTION OFFICERS
1) A citizen of the Republic of the Philippines;
2) A person of good moral character;
3) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and
physical test for the purpose of determining his/her physical
and mental health;
4) Must possess a baccalaureate degree from a recognized
learning institution;
5) Must possess the appropriate civil service eligibility;
6) Must not have been dishonorably discharged or dismissed
for cause from previous employment;
7) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an
offense or crime involving moral turpitude; and
8) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62)
m. in height for male, and one meter and fifty-seven
centimeters (1.57) m. for female:
9) That a new applicant must not be less than twenty-one (21)
or not more than forty (40) years of age.
THE SEVEN OPERATING CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Prior to the establishment of Bilibid Prison, prisoners were
confined in jails under the jurisdiction of Commandancias
where law enforcement units were stationed. Commandancias
were established in practically every province of the country.
1. BILIBID PRISONS
a. OLD BILIBID PRISON (CARCEL Y PRESIDIO
CORRECTIONAL) – the main insular penitentiary during
the Spanish regime. This was constructed in 1847 and
was formally inaugurated in 1865 by virtue of the Royal
Decree of the Spanish Crown. This is located at
Azcaraga St. (now Recto Ave.) then famous “May Haligue
Estate” at nearby Central Market at Oroquieta St.. This
was constructed in radical spokes-of-a-wheel form with
a tower in the center spoke for easy command and control.
COMPOSED OF 2 COMPOUNDS:
1. CARCEL – 600 INMATE CAPACITY
2. PRESIDIO – 527 INMATE CAPACITY
Commonwealth Act No. 67 was enacted, appropriating
one million (P1,000.000.00) pesos for the construction of a new
national prison in the southern suburb of Muntinlupa, Rizal in
1935. The old prison was transformed into a receiving center
and a storage facility for farm produce from the colonies
In 1936, the City of Manila exchanged its Muntinlupa
property with that of the Bureau of Prison lot, the Muntinlupa
property was intended as a site for Boys Training School, but
because it was too far, the City preferred the site of the Old
Bilibid Prison, the present site of Manila City Jail (BJMP).
b. NEW BILIBID PRISON, Muntinlupa City (Approximately
552 hectares) – this is where the Bureau of Corrections
Central Office. The New Bilibid Prison has a capacity of
3,000 Prisoners. Within the complex are the three (3)
security camps administered by a Penal Superintendent
and assisted by as Asst. Superintendent in each Camp.
The New Bilibid Prison has a capacity of 3,000 Prisoners.
THE THREE (3) SECURITY CAMPS
a. MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND (Main Building) is
for prisoners whose sentences are 20 years and above, life
termers or those under capital punishment, those with
pending cases, those under disciplinary punishment, those
 whose cases are on appeal, those under detention, and
those that do not fall under medium and minimum security
status.
= wears tangerine shirt
= not allowed to do furlough
- This type of institution is characterized by thick all
enclosures, 18 to 25 feet high. On top of the wall
are catwalks along which the guards patrol at night.
At corners and strategic places are tower posts
manned by heavily armed guards.
b. MEDIUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also known as Camp
Sampaguita) is for prisoners whose sentences are below
20 years (computed from the minimum sentences per
classification interpretation) and those classified for colony
assignment.
- This type of institution is usually enclosed by two
layers of wire fence. The inner fence is 12 to 14
feet high with curb and the outer fence is 8 to 12
feet high. The two fences are from 18 to 20 feet apart.
Usually the top portion of the fence is provided with
barbed wire.
c. MINIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also referred to as
Camp Bukang Liwayway) is an open camp with less
restrictions and regimentation. This is for prisoners who are
65 years old and above, medically certified as invalids and
for those prisoners who have six months or less to serve
before they are released from prison.
▪ The lethal injection chamber is also located here.
▪ This type of institution is usually without a fence, and if
there is one, its purpose is to keep away the civilian
population from entering the institution rather than
preventing escapes.
The New Bilibid Prison specializes in the industrial type of
vocational training. It operates a furniture shop, shoe
repairing shop, blacksmith and tinsmith shop, auto
mechanics and automobile body building shop, tailoring,
electronics, watch-repairing carpentry, and rattan furniture
shop. It is also engaged in track gardening, poultry, piggery
and animal husbandry.
2. SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Zamboanga
del Sur – founded by Capt. Ramon Blanco, a member of
the Spanish Royal Army and named the prison facility after
his patron saint. This was initially intended for the
confinement of political prisoners during Spanish era.
It was closed during the Spanish-American War and was
reopened during the American occupation. It has three
facilities (maximum, medium, minimum). The penal farm
was designed to promote agro-industrial activities.
On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and
Penal Farm in Zamboanga City was established to confine
Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed
to the Spanish rule. The facility, which faced the Jolo sea had
Spanish-inspired dormitories and was originally set on a
1,414-hectare sprawling estate.
Land area: Currently approximately 1,546 hectares
Principal product: Copra, rice, coffee, etc.
Year established: 1869 – 1870
- 2nd oldest prison after OBP
San Ramon has an average population of 1,200 prisoners
3. IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM (Luhit), Puerto
Princesa, Palawan
The Americans established in 1904 the LUHIT PENAL
SETTLEMENT (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a vast
reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land area
of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s. Located on the
westernmost part of the archipelago far from the main town to
confine incorrigibles with little hope of rehabilitation, the area
was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive
Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert on October
15, 1912.
- ENVISIONED BY : Gov. Luke E. Wright
- ORDERED BY: Gov. Forbes
- Envisioned as an institution for incorrigible criminals,
however, the first contingent of prisoners to be confined
revolted against the authorities.
- On November1, 1905 under the Reorganization Act
1407, the policy was changed, instead of putting hardened
criminals, well behaved and obedient inmates were sent
to the colony
- The farm is predominantly designed for agro-industrial
activities. Within its area are four (4) sub-colonies: (CIMS)
1. Central sub-colony
2. Inagawan sub-colony
3. Montible subcolony
4. Sta. Lucia sub-colony
- All these colonies are administered by a Penal Supervisor
- It administers the Tagumpay Settlement, which is
approximately 1, 000 hectares, with six hectares
homestead lots distributed to inmates who desired to live
in the settlement after service of sentence.
- One of the best open institutions in the world.
Date established: Nov. 16, 1905
By virtue of: Reorganization Act of 1407
Land area: Approximately 36, 000 hectares – 41,007 (1912)
Principal product: rice, corn, copra and other forest product
- Largest penal colony
- Prison without walls
- The most open prison facility
- The best and the finest prison
4. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN,
Mandaluyong City
- The only female institution in the Philippines
- Since 1934, a female Superintendent was assigned to
supervise the prison facility.
- LOCATED AT WELFARE VILLE MANDALUYONG CITY
Year established: 1931
By virtue of: Act 3579 which was passed on Nov. 27, 1929
Vocational activities: Dress making, beauty culture,
handicrafts
Capacity: 200
Trivia
 First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based on the
reformatory model.
5. LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON, Abuyog, S. Leyte
Date established: Jan. 16, 1973
- under Proclamation No. 1101
- It is a prison facility, which has a receiving and process
station.
- It has three security facilities – maximum, medium,
minimum
- Because of its terrain, prison agro-industrial activities
could not be fully developed.
- Youngest prison
- Built during martial law - Ferdinand Marcos
- Fastest growing prison
- Max capacity – 500 prisoners
6. SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Sablayan,
San Jose, Mindoro Occidental
- With four sub-colonies within the prison compound:
1. Central sub-colony
2. Pusog sub-clony
3. Pasugui sub-colony
4. Yapag sub-colony
- This penal farm is intended for agro-industrial activities
Land area: Approximately 16, 408.5 hectares
By virtue of: Proclamation no. 72
Date established: Sept. 26, 1954
Principal product: Rice
- NEAREST PENAL COLONY IN MANILA
7. DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Tagum, Davao del
Norte
- The Davao Penal Colony was established on January 21,
1932, in accordance, with Act No. 3732 and Proclamation
No. 414, series of 1931. With two sub-colonies:
1. Panabo sub-colony
2. Kapalong sub-colony
- Administer the Tanglaw Settlement for those inmates who
desire to live within the compound
- 30,000 HECTARES
- First headed by: GEN. PAULINO SANTOS
- RICHEST AND HIGHEST INCOME EARNER
- BIGGEST BANANA AND ABACA PLANTATION
NON – OPERATIONAL PRISONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. FORT BONIFACIO - A committee report submitted to then
President Carlos P. Garcia described Fort Bonifacio,
formerly known as Fort William McKinley, as a military
reservation located in Taguig, which was established after
the Americans came to the Philippines. The prison was
originally used as a detention centre for offenders of US
military laws and ordinances.
5. CORREGIDOR PRISON - In 1908 during the American
regime, some 100 prisoners were transferred from the Old
Bilibid Prison to Corregidor Island to work under military
authorities. This move was in accordance with an order
from the Department of Instructions, which approved the
transfer of inmates so they could assist in maintenance and
other operations in the stockade.
6. BONTOC PRISON -The Philippine Legislature during the
American regime passed Act No. 1876 providing for the
establishment of a prison in Bontoc in Mountain
Province. The prison was built for the prisoners of the
province and insular prisoners who were members of the
non-Christian tribes of Mountain Province and Nueva
Vizcaya.
ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON
1. RECEIVING – the new prisoner is received at the RDC.
The new prisoner usually comes from a provincial or city
jail where he was immediately committed upon conviction
by the court, and escorted by the escort platoon during his
transfer to the National Prison.
2. CHECKING OF COMMITMENT PAPERS – the receiving
officer checks the commitment papers if they are in order.
That is, if they contain the signature of the judge or the
signature of the clerk of court, and the seal of the court.
3. IDENTIFICATION / BOOKING– the prisoner’s identity
is established through the picture and fingerprint
appearing in the commitment order. This is to ensure
that the person being committed is the same as the person
being named in the commitment order.
4. SEARCHING / SHAKEDOWN (PRUBS)– this step
involves the frisking of the prisoner and searching his
personal things. Weapons and other items classified as
contraband are confiscated and deposited to the property
custodian. Other properties are deposited with the trust
fund officer under recording and receipts.
a. PAT – patting of subjects clothing
b. RUB – patting of body over the clothing including the
groin, buttocks and breast
c. STRIP – naked search
d. BODY CAVITY SEARCH – expose body cavities like
anus and vagina to look for contrabands.
5. BRIEFING AND ORIENTATION – the prisoner will be
brief and oriented on the rules and regulations of the
prison before he will be assigned to the RDC or the
quarantine unit.
6. Issuance of Clothes and Equipment - from the receiving
office, the new prisoner goes to the supply room where he
receives his prison uniform, mosquito net and beddings.
7. Assignment to Quarters - after the prisoner is issued his
clothing’s and beddings, he is sent to the quarantine unit.
The quarantine may be a unit of the prison or a section of
the Reception Center.
BUCOR’S DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND
DIAGNOSTICS
(FORMERLY RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER)
This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita
where new prisoners undergo diagnostic examination, study
and observation for the purpose of determining the programs
of treatment and training best suited to their needs FOR A
TOTAL PERIOD OF 60 DAYS and the institution to which they
should be transferred.
It is composed of the following staff members:
1. PSYCHIATRIST – responsible in the examination of the
prisoner’s mental and emotional make-up.
2. PSYCHOLOGIST – responsible to conduct study on the
character and behavior of the prisoners.
3. SOCIOLOGIST – study the social case situation of the
individual prisoner.
4. EDUCATIONAL COUNSELOR – conducts orientation
classes in order to change inmates’ attitude towards
education and recommends educational program for the
prisoner.
5. VOCATIONAL COUNSELOR – to test the prisoner’s
special abilities, interest and skills and recommends for
the vocational course best suited to the prisoner.
6. CHAPLAIN – encourage the prisoner to participate in
religious activities.
7. MEDICAL OFFICER – conducts physical examination and
recommends medical treatment of prisoners.
8. CUSTODIAL-CORRECTIONAL OFFICER – recommends
the transfer and type of custody of inmates.
THE QUARANTINE CELL OR UNIT
This may be a unit of the prison or a section of the RDC
where the prisoner is given thorough physical examination
including blood test, x-rays, vaccinations and immunity for 5 to
10 days. This is for the purpose of insuring that the prisoner is
not suffering from any contagious disease, which might be
transferred to the prison population.
THE NATIONAL CORRECTIONS CONSCIOUSNESS WEEK
✓ Every last week of October
✓ By virtue of Proclamation Number 551 signed on March
15, 1995, by former President Fidel V. Ramos
WHAT IS A JAIL?
JAIL – is a place for locking-up of persons who are convicted of
minor offenses or felonies who are to serve a short sentence
imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of
persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
– a place of confinement for inmates under
investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial or
serving sentence.
– is a building or place of confinement of arrested or
sentenced persons. It is usually made up of cells which
are made up of small rooms or enclosures where
prisoners are actually kept or confined (People vs.
Caricaban, 13672-CR, Sept. 9, 1965)
ORIGIN OF THE WORD JAIL
- It is said to have been derived from the Spanish word
JAULO / CAULA which means a CAGE.
- It is also said to have been derived from the French word
GAOL pronounced as “geole”, a place for the arrested
criminals.
TYPES OF JAILS (LOW)
1. LOCK-UP JAILS – is a security facility, common to police
stations, used for temporary confinement of an individual
held for investigation.
2. ORDINARY JAILS – is the type of jail commonly used to
detain a convicted criminal offender to serve sentence less
than three years.
3. Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp – a facility that houses
minimum custody offenders who are serving short
sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work
programs. It provides full employment of prisoners,
remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
(BJMP)
The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all cities
and municipal jails throughout the country. The enactment of
Republic Act no. 6975 created the BJMP and further amended
by RA 9263 of the BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of
2004. It operates as a line bureau under the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG).
J/DIR. CHARLES MONDEJAR - the first chief of the BJMP way
back its establishment
MISSION
To enhance public safety by ensuring humane
safekeeping and development of Persons Deprived of Liberty
(PDL) in all district, city, and municipal jails for their integration
to society.
VISION
A premier institution highly regarded by society for the
secure and humane treatment of Persons Deprived of Liberty
(PDL) by its competent and motivated corps.
OBJECTIVES OF THE BJMP:
1. To improve the living conditions of the offenders in
accordance with the accepted standards set by the United
Nations.
2. To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in
preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release.
3. To professionalize jail services.
BJMP CORE VALUES
PRO.T.E.C.S.
PRO - Professionalism
T - Teamwork
E - Efficiency / Competence
C - Commitment
S - Self-Discipline
POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE
BJMP
A. Powers:
The Bureau shall exercise supervision and control
over all districts, city and municipal jails to ensure a secured,
clean, sanitary and adequately equipped jail for the custody
and safekeeping of city and municipal prisoners, any fugitive
from justice or persons detained awaiting investigation or trial
and/or transfer to the National Penitentiary, and any violent,
mentally ill person who endangers himself or the safety of
others.
B. Organization and Key Positions in the BJMP:
The BJMP, also referred to as the Jail Bureau, was
created pursuant to Section 60, R.A. no. 6975, and initially
consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail
management and Penology service as constituted under P.D.
no. 765.
The Bureau shall be headed by a chief with the rank
of Director, and assisted by a Deputy Chief with the Rank of
Chief Superintendent.
The Central Office is the Command and Staff HQ of the
Jail Bureau composed of 3 Command Groups, 6 Coordinating
Staff Divisions, 6 Special Staff Groups and 6 Personal Staff
Groups namely:
1. Command Group
- Chief, BJMP (Director Rank)
- Deputy C/BJMP (Admin and Operation)
- Chief of Directorial Staff
2. Coordinating Staff Groups
- Administrative Division
- Operations Division
- Logistics Division - EQUIPMENT
- Finance Management Division - COMPTROLLERSHIP
- Research Plans and Programs Division
- Inspection and Investigation Division
trained subordinate executives, sufficient authority for
management of daily operations in line with established
policy.
2. CONTROL PRISON OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES - It
has always been important to insure that the program and
policy are carried out and avoid mismanagement by
incompetent personnel or by individual or group of inmates
getting into positions of power. The warden depends more
on sound organizational planning, written manual policies
and procedures, and an effective communications system
than controlling operations by constant personnel
inspection of all areas and frequent contact with all
personnel and a large number of inmates.
3. PUBLIC RELATION - The warden today provides
leadership to involve all personnel in a program aimed at
gaining public understanding, goodwill and community
acceptance.
4. PERSONNEL PROGRAM - It is the warden’s responsibility
to provide leadership and assign responsibility for
recruitment, selection, training and supervision of
personnel.

3. Special Staff Groups EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP - must be constantly demonstrated

- General Services Unit – REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE by the administrative head. He must offer leadership and
- Health Services Unit motivation to his staff in his personal drive, knowledge and
- Chaplain Services Unit – SPIRITUAL SERVICES sincerity of purpose and must tie together all programs or
- Community Services Unit discipline in cementing a meaningful administrative course.
- Finance Services Unit
- Hearing Office RANK CLASSIFICATION OF THE BJMP (RA 9263)
4. Personal Staff Groups
- Aide-de-Camp RANK POSITION APPOINTING RECOMMENDING
- Intelligence Office AUTHORITY AUTHORITY
DIRECTOR C, BJMP
- Public Information Office C/SUPT. DEPUTY PRESIDENT DILG SEC.
- Legal Office C, BJMP
- Adjudication Office SR. SUPT RD DILG C, BJMP
- Internal Audit SECRETARY
SUPT ASST. RD
C/ INSP WARDEN
REGIONAL OFFICE: C, BJMP IMMEDIATE
SINSP WARDEN
INSP WARDEN SUPERIOR
At the Regional Level, each Region shall have a JO1 - JAIL RD
designated Regional Director for Jail management and SJO4 GUARDS
Penology.

PROVINCIAL LEVEL:
In the Provincial Level, there shall be designated a
Provincial Jail Administrator to perform the same functions as
the ARDs province wide.
DISTRICT OFFICE:
In the District Level, where there are large cities and
municipalities, a district jail with subordinate jails, headed by a
District warden may be established as necessary.
CITY AND MUNICIPAL OFFICE:
The BFP and the BJMP shall be respectively headed
by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs, one
(1) for administration and one (1) for operations, all of whom
shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation
of the Secretary of the DILG from among the qualified officers
with at least the rank of senior superintendent in the service
(RA 9263 Sec. 3)
NOTE: All uniformed personnel of the BJMP shall be trained in
the National Jail Training Institute under the Philippine Public
Safety College (PPSC-NJTI)

In the City and Municipal level, a city or municipal

Warden shall head each jail.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
FUNCTIONS OF A JAIL WARDEN OR PRISON
SUPERINTENDENT A. WARDEN
- Direction, Coordination, and Control of the Jail
1. DECISION MAKING - is important in the prison setting. The - Responsible for the:
warden limits his role to considering policy matters and
major problems. He delegates with confidence, to well- Security, safety, discipline and well-being of inmates

The office of the warden may organize the following units:
1. Intelligence and Investigation Team
– It gathers, collates and submits intelligence information to the
office of the warden on matter regarding the jail
condition.
2. Jail Inspectorate Section
- Inspect jail facilities, personnel, prisoners and submit
reports to the warden.
3. Public Relation Office
- Maintain public relation to obtain the necessary and
adequate public support.
B. ASSISTANT WARDEN
- The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes the
development of a systematic process of treatment.
- Chairman of the Classification Board and Disciplinary
Board.
Note: Once the inmate has undergone the registration process;
he/she will be temporarily housed at the Inmate Classification
and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is available. The
inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a minimum period of thirty
(30) days but not exceeding sixty (60) days or until the
completion of the classification process. At the ICCU, the newly
committed inmate will undergo assessment by the different
health professionals.
ICCU – Equivalent of Reception and Diagnostic Center of BuCor
C. ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS
The administrative groups take charge of all administrative
functions of the jail bureau.
1. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT BRANCH
- Assignment of personnel
- Procedures of selection
- Preparation of personnel reports
- Individual record file
2. RECORDS AND STATISTICS BRANCH
- Keep and maintain booking sheets and arrest
reports
- Keep an orderly record of fingerprints and
photographs
- Present/ Prepare statistical data of inmates
3. PROPERTY AND SUPPLY BRANCH
- Take charge of the safekeeping of equipments and
supplies and materials needed for the operation of
the jail.
4. BUDGET AND FINANCE BRANCH
- Take charge of all financial matters such as
budgeting, financing, accounting, and auditing.
5. MESS SERVICE BRANCH
- Take charge of the preparation of the daily menu,
prepares and cook the food and serve it to inmates.
6. GENERAL SERVICE BRANCH
- Responsible for the maintenance and repair of jail
facilities and equipment. It is also task with the
cleanliness and beautification of the jail compound.
7. MITTIMUS COMPUTING BRANCH
- Tasked to receive court decisions and compute
the date of the full completion of the service of
sentence of inmates.
MITTIMUS – is a warrant issued by a court directing the jail or
prison authorities to receive the convicted offender for the
service of sentence imposed therein or for detention.
D. SECURITY GROUPS - The security groups provides a
system of sound custody, security and control of inmates
and their movements and also responsible to enforce
prison or jail discipline.
1. ESCORT PLATOON
a) ESCORT SECTION – to escort inmate upon order of any
judicial body; upon summon of a court; or transfer to other
penal institutions. Ratio of 1:2 (one inmate: 2 jail officers)
b) SUBPOENA SECTION – receives and distribute court
summons, notices, subpoenas, etc.
2. SECURITY PLATOON – a three (3) working platoon shifts
responsible for overall security of the jail compound
including gates, guard posts and towers. They are also
responsible for the admitting and releasing unit.
JAIL MANNING LEVEL
1. CUSTODIAL RATIO – 1 personnel for every 7 inmates
2. COURT ROOM RATIO – 2 personnel for every 1 inmate
3. ESCORT RATIO – 1 personnel for every 1 inmate plus
one personnel for high risk inmate
4. LONG DISTANCE TRAVEL – Minimum of 3 personnel
5. REFORMATION OFFICER RATION – 1 personnel to 24
inmates
E. REHABILITATION PURPOSES GROUPS:
- This group provides services and assistance to prisoners
and their families to enable them to solve their individual
needs and problems arising from the prisoners’ confinement.
1. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES BRANCH - Provides
medical and physical examinations of inmates upon
confinement, treatment of sick inmates and conduct
medical and physical examinations and provide medicines
or recommends for the hospitalization of seriously ill
prisoners or inmates. It also conducts psychiatric and
psychological examinations.
2. WORK AND EDUCATION THERAPY SERVICES - It take
charge of the job and educational programs needed for
rehabilitation of inmates by providing them job incentives so
they can earn and provide support for their families while in
jail.
EDUCATION – CORNERSTONE of rehabilitation or the most
important program of rehabilitation
3. SOCIO- CULTURAL SERVICES - It takes care of the social
case work study of the individual prisoners by making
interviews, home visits, referral to community resources,
free legal services, and liaison works for the inmates.
4. CHAPLAINCY SERVICES - It takes charge of the religious
and moral upliftment of the inmates through religious
services. This branch caters to all religious sects.
5. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES -
Responsible for the individual and group counseling
 activities to help inmates solve their individual problems r. Affiliating with any gang or faction whose main purpose is
and to help them lead a wholesome and constructive life. to foment regionalism or to segregate themselves from
others;
BJMP MANUAL SECTION 30 s. Failing to inform the authorities concerned when afflicted
PUNISHABLE ACTS with any communicable disease, such as tuberculosis,
sexually-transmitted diseases, etc.;
1. MINOR OFFENSES: t. Engaging in gambling or any game of chance;
a. Bartering and Vending u. Committing any act which violates any law or ordinance,
b. Personal Services in which case, he/she shall be prosecuted criminally in
c. Untidy Appearance accordance with law; and
d. Littering v. Committing any act prejudicial to good order and
e. Groundless complaints; discipline.
f. Reporting complaints on behalf of other inmates;
g. Late in headcount Any personnel, especially warden, found to be allowing
h. Waste of food. and tolerating any violation mentioned above will be
immediately relieved from his/her designation without prejudice
2. LESS GRAVE OFFENSES: to his or her being administratively charged.
a. Absent in prison labor
b. Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or Section 26. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
inmate and in putting out fires inside the jail; DISCIPLINARY BOARD – The Board is tasked to investigate
c. Improper behavior during religious, social and other group the facts of an alleged misconduct referred to it. It shall hold
functions; sessions as often as necessary in a room, which may be
d. Profanity provided for the purpose. All cases referred to it shall be heard
e. Malingering and decided within forty-eight (48) hours from the date of
f. Spreading rumors receipt of the case.
g. Failure to give due respect to any BJMP personnel;
h. Forcing to render personal service to him/her and/or to DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS IN JAIL / PRISON
others;
i. Exchanging uniforms and wearing unauthorized uniforms 1. Counsel and reprimand
j. Loitering 2. Reduced Diet
k. Unauthorized use of telephone 3. Loss of Privileges
l. Vandalism 4. Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
m. Withholding information 5. Close Confinement
n. lewd or pornographic literature and/or photographs;
o. absent in headcount THE TREATMNENT PROGRAMS
p. Failure to turn over any implement/article/s issued after
work detail. A. The Institutionalized Treatment Programs
3. GRAVE OFFENSES:
a. Malicious lying 1. PRISON EDUCATION – the cornerstone of
b. Keeping or concealing keys or locks rehabilitation. It is the process or result of formal training
c. Direct / indirect bribery in school or classrooms intended to shape the mind and
d. Possession of contrabands attitude of prisoners towards good living upon their
e. Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed release.
f. Extortion
g. Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm upon 2. WORK PROGRAMS / LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS –
himself/herself or other inmates; these are programs conducive to change behavior in
h. Concealing or withholding information on plans of morale by training prisoners for a useful occupation. It is
attempted escapes; purposely to eliminate idleness on the part of prisoners,
i. Unruly conduct and flagrant disregard for discipline and which may contribute to “Prison stupor”, and it affects the
instructions; incidence of Prison riot.
j. Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the
institution or from any guard; a. INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMS – concerned in goods or
k. Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape; products production
l. Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating therein b. AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS – concerned in crops
and/or agitating to cause such disturbance or riot; and farm activities and programs
m. Indecent, immoral or lascivious acts by himself/herself or
others and/or allowing himself/herself to be the subject of 3. RELIGIOUS SERVICES IN PRISON / SPIRITUAL
such indecent, immoral or lascivious acts; PROGRAMS- The purpose of this program is to change
n. Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any BJMP the attitudes of inmates by inculcating religious values or
personnel; belief.
o. Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
p. Damaging any government property or equipment; 4. SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS - The only
q. Participating in kangaroo court, an unauthorized or leisure program that is conducted during free time
irregular court conducted with disregard for or perversion schedule.
of legal procedures as a mock court by the inmates in a
jail/prison; 5. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES - Medical and
health services includes: Mental and physical examination
 - Diagnosis and treatment – Immunization – Sanitary -
inspections - Participation in training
6. COUNSELING AND CASEWORK
PENAL SERVITUDE / PRISON LABOR
PENAL SERVITUDE – a punishment, which consist of keeping
an offender in confinement and compelling him to labor.
-Also known as PRISON LABOR
-Penal servitude is being conducted in HARD WOOD SHOPS
Types:
1. LEASE SYSTEM - The state turns the prisoners over
to a private lease. The latter feeds, clothes, guards,
and houses and disciplines the prisoners. This system
prevailed in the southern states of the United States.
These systems no longer exist. (Private Controlled
with Less Government Supervision)
2. CONTRACT SYSTEM - The state, under this system,
retains control of the prisoner and the contractor
merely engages with the state for the labor of the
inmates, which is performed within or near the prison.
The contractor supplies the raw material and
supervises the work and pays the institution the
stipulated amount for the services of the prisoners.
This system no longer exists too. (Government
Controlled with Private Paying Contractor)
3. PRICE-PIECE SYSTEM - Under this system the
contractor supplies the raw materials and pays the
state a determined amount for the work done on each
article produced. The institution retains control of the
inmates including the daily quantity of work required.
This system has also been abolished. (Government
Controlled prison with Private company
partnership paying per piece of work)
4. PUBLIC ACCOUNT SYSTEM - In the Public Account
System, the state buys the raw material, manufactures
and sells the products and assumes all the risks of
conducting a manufacturing business. Today, prison-
made products cannot be sold in the open market.
(Full Government Control)
5. STATE-USE SYSTEM - Under this system, the state
conducts the manufacture of the article but the use of
the article is limited to state owned institutions. The
principle of the system is that the state produces
articles or merchandise for its own consumption alone
and in the process, affords the prisoner opportunities
to train for a vocation. (Government Manufactures
for its own consumption)
6. PUBLIC WORKS AND WAYS SYSTEM — Prison
labor is used in the construction and repair of public
buildings, roads, bridges, flood control, reforestation,
clearing land, preventing soil erosion, etc. The system
does not involve the application of prison labor to the
production of consumption goods. (inmate in public
works)
MODES AND GUIDELINES OF RELEASE – The following
modes and guidelines shall be observed when inmates are to
be released from detention.
a. An inmate may be released through:
✓ SERVICE OF SENTENCE – released by director
✓ ORDER OF THE COURT – thru probation or
acquittal
✓ PAROLE – by BPP
✓ PARDON – released by the order of the
President
✓ AMNESTY - released by the order of the
President and Congress
b. Before an inmate is released, he/she shall be properly
identified to ensure that he/she is the same person
received and will be released. His/her marks and
fingerprints shall be verified with those taken when
he/she was received.
Any changes or differences in his/her distinguishing marks
and scars shall be investigated to ascertain his/her real identity
in order to prevent the mistaken release of another person.
c. No inmate shall be released on a mere verbal order or an
order relayed by telephone. The release of an inmate by
reason of acquittal, dismissal of case, payment of fines
and/or indemnity, of filing of bond, shall be effected only
upon receipt of the Release Order served by the court
process server.
The Court Order shall bear the full name of the inmate,
the crime he/she was charged with, the criminal case
number and such other details that will enable the officer in
charge to properly identify the inmate to be released.
✓ Upon proper verification from the court of the authenticity
of the Order, an inmate shall be released promptly and
without unreasonably delay.
✓ Under proper receipt, all money earned and other
valuables held in trust when first admitted, shall be
returned to the inmate upon release.
✓ The released inmate shall be issued a Certification of
Discharge from jail by the Warden/Wardress or his/her
authorized representative.
PREGNANT FEMALE INMATE
Pregnant women must be given special considerations
and if ever that the child was born, the said child will have to
stay to his/her mother for not more than 1 year (for BuCor) or 1
month (for BJMP)
CAN AN INMATE GET MARRIED?
✓ Yes
✓ but it should Be held inside the jail
✓ Request must be produced to the superintendent
✓ Expenses must be shouldered by the inmate
✓ Solemnized by the prison chaplain
✓ No media coverage
✓ No jail personnel sponsors and witness
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ABOUT INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION
✓ The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
treatment of offenders prescribes that penal institution
should not exceed 1,200 inmates. Smaller institutions
should however not be too small as to make operating cost
too expensive.
✓ Super Security Facility - A small portion of any prison
population consists of incorrigibles, recidivists, escape
artists, and chronic troublemakers. This category of
prisoners should be confined in a unit or institution separate
from the general population.
BUCOR’S TEAMS UNDER RIOT AND DISORDERS

❑ GROUP 1 – anti riot assault with shields, head gear,
gas mask and baton to disperse the rioters and leaders
❑ GROUP 2 – backup team with tear gas and gas
grenades
❑ GROUP 3 – fire arms team, use firearms with
permission of the guard in charge
BASIC POINTS ON DEALING WITH JAILBREAKS
(SALVARI VITAS)
S – Sound the alarm (control center)
A – Ask for assistance of the nearest police station and
medical team
L – Lock all inmates in their respective cells
V – Visitor out or kept in a secured area
A – All members of the custodial force must be issued fire
arms
R – Ready to plug-off escape routes
I – Issue Anti-riot equipment
V – Visit the scene and engage
I – Initiate dispersal and use gas grenades with permission of
the officer in charge.
T – Tactical teams as last resort
A – accounting of inmates and personnel
S – save the injured
b. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATE ratio is 1:120; (1 teacher : 120 inmates)
c. WORK AND LIVELIHOOD PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATE ratio is 1:180; (1 vocational officer : 180
inmates)
d. SPORTS AND RECREATION PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATE ratio is 1:225; (1 sports officer : 225
inmates )
e. HEALTH AND WELFARE PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATe ratio is 1:80; and ( 1 health officer : 80
inmates )
f. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATE ratio is 1:150. (1 Behavior Mod Officer : 150
Inmates )
BUCOR OFFICERS BASIC QUALIFICATION
All of the requirements asked by law is very much the
same as of the PNP, BFP and BJMP but only differs in
mandatory AGE requirement which is 21 to 40 years old for the
BuCor.
COUNTING OF INMATES - Prisoners should be counted four
times a day or oftener. During change of shifts, guards on duty
must be certain that all prisoners are present and accounted for.
In counting prisoners at night, the guard should "see flesh and
hear voice" before recording them as present.

SALIENT POINTS ON RA 10575

“BUCOR LAW OF 2013”

CLASSIFICATION OF DORMITORY

1. TYPE A DORMITORY – above 500 inmate capacity and

lot area of more than 1.5 hectares
2. TYPE B DORMITORY – 101 to 500 inmate capacity and
lot area of 1.5 hectares
3. TYPE C DORMITORY – 1 to 100 inmate capacity and lot
area of 3,000 sq. m.

CELL CAPACITY (1 Cell : 4.7 sq. meters per inmate : 10

maximum inmate per cell : 5 Maximum Beds by 2 floors)

1. IDEAL HABITABLE FLOOR AREA PER INMATE =

4.7 square meters
2. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INMATES PER CELL = 10
3. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF BUNKS BEDS = 5 units
two level

KEY POSITIONS

The BuCor shall be headed by a Director who shall

be assisted by three (3) Deputy Directors: one (1) for
administration, one (1) for security and operations and one
(1) for reformation, all of whom shall be appointed by the
President upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the
DOJ who shall have a tenure of 6 years.

BUCOR MANNING LEVEL

1. 1:7 for three (3) shifts and

2. reformation personnel-to-inmate ratio of 1:24 for one (1)
shift.
3. reformation ratio is broken down into the following:
a. MORAL AND SPIRITUAL PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATE ratio is 1:240; (1 priest : 240 inmates)