Session 004

Global Infrastructure

AWS Cloud Practitioner Challenge

 Objectives

• Definition some key terms

• Describe the components of AWS Global
Infrastructure
• Summarize the benefits of the AWS Global
Infrastructure
• Describe ways to access AWS Services
 Definitions: High Availability

• Aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance.

Usually, up time, for a higher-than-normal period.
• When a system fails, its components can be replaced as
quickly as possible often using automation.
• Maximizing a systems online-time.
• Minimize any outages.
• Example: Its like having a spare wheel and the tools needed
to replace it, when travelling.
 Definitions: Fault-Tolerance (FT)

• It’s a property that enables a system to continue operating

properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.
• A system should continue to function properly even through
failure.
• Operate through faults.
• Example: A plane. Even if one of the engines have a problem,
the plane should continue to properly fly and land without any
issues.
 Definitions: Disaster Recovery (DR)

• A set of policies, tools and procedures to enable the

recovery or continuation of vital technology infrastructure
and systems following a natural or human-induced
disaster.
• What happens before and what happens after the
disaster?
• Example: Pilots or passenger ejections-systems.
 Definitions: Ingress and Egress Traffic

• Ingress: This is traffic that enters the boundary of a

network.
• Egress: It implies that traffic exits an entity or a network
boundary.
 AWS Global Insfrastructure

• Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a public cloud

provider.
• It has a global network of infrastructure to run and
manage its many growing cloud services.
• Ability to deploy your application workloads across the
globe, or you want to build and deploy specific
applications closer to your end-users.
What is the Cloud Computing?
 AWS Global infrastructure - Components

• Regions
• Availability Zones
• Edge Locations
• Points of Presence
 AWS Global infrastructure -
AWS Region

• A Region is a physical location around the world, where data

centers are being clustered.
• Each AWS Region consists of multiple, isolated, and physically
separate AZs within a geographic area.
• Currently, there are 25 AWS Regions.
• Analogy: A Village

Click here to read more on region on AWS Global infrastructure

Launch Template Example 101
Launch Template Example 101
 AWS Regions

• Each region is a geographical location

• Where do you operate?
• Where are your customers?
• Where are you allowed to operate?
• Pricing differs based on geographical location.
• AWS services are not typically replicated across regions unless
customers choose to do the setup and replication.
• Traffic sent across AWS regions faces additional charges for ingress
and egress traffic.
AWS Global infrastructure -
AWS Regional Services
 AWS Global infrastructure -
Availability Zones, AZ

• An Availability Zone (AZ) contains one or more

discrete data centers.
• Redundant power, networking, and connectivity in an
AWS Region.
• At the moment, there are 80 AZ.
• Analogy: Big Compounds with one or more huts.
Click here to read more on AZ on AWS Global infrastructure
AWS Global infrastructure -
Availability Zones
 Availability Zones

• Each AZ has inexpensive low latency network

connectivity to the other AZ in the same region.
• Designing with two AZs is best practice.
• Traffic spanning availability zones, has additional
charges for egress traffic (outgoing).
AWS Global infrastructure -
AWS Zonal Services
 Single Availability Zone

• No recovery or failover when disaster happens in a

single datacenter.
• No high availability for instances.
• No failover in single datacenter.
 Multi Availability Zones

• Better high availability design options.

• Designing applications hosted across AZs provides HA
options.
• EC2 auto scaling supports multiple AZs.
• RDS multi-AZ deployments.
• Route 53 balances across multiple AWS regions.
AWS Global infrastructure -
Points of Presence
 AWS Global infrastructure -
Points of Presence

• Points of Presence consists of Edge Locations and

Regional Edge Cache servers.
• Delivery of Content with low latency.
• There are 225+ Points of presence (215+ Edge
locations and 13 Regional Edge Caches).
AWS Global infrastructure -
Points of Presence
 AWS Global infrastructure -
Edge Locations

• An Edge location is where end users access services

located at AWS.
• They are content distribution services. The further
data is located from the users the slower the transfer
and thus the higher the latency.
• 215+ Edge locations and 13 Regional Edge Caches.
AWS Global infrastructure - Edge Locations
AWS Global infrastructure -
Edge Locations
Services at the Edge
 Services at the Edge(1)

• CloudFront
• It is a Content delivery network (CDN) that securely
delivers, videos and applications to customers globally.
• This is done with high transfer speeds in a developer
friendly environment.
 Services at the Edge (2)

• Route 53
• This is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain
Name System (DNS) web service.
• Route 53 effectively connects user requests to
infrastructure running in AWS such as EC2 instances,
Elastic Load balancers or Amazon S3 buckets.
 Services at the Edge (3)

• Web Application Firewall (WAF)

• Web Application Firewall that helps protect web
applications against web exploits.
• AWS WAF gives you control over how traffic reaches
your applications by enabling you to create security
rules that control bot traffic and block common attack
patterns, such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting.
 Benefits of AWS Global Infrastructure(1)

• Security : All data flowing across the AWS global network

that interconnects the data centers and Regions is
automatically encrypted at the physical layer before it
leaves the secured facilities.
• Availability : Each region is fully isolated and comprised
of multiple AZs, which are fully isolated partitions of AWS
infrastructure. This makes AWS highly available.
Click here to read more on benefits of AWS Global infrastructure
 Benefits of AWS Global Infrastructure(2)

• Performance : The AWS Global Infrastructure is built for

performance. AWS Regions offer low latency, low packet
loss, and high overall network quality.
• Flexibility : The AWS Global Infrastructure gives you the
flexibility of choosing how and where you want to run your
workloads, and when you do you are using the same
network, control plane and AWS services.
Click here to read more on benefits of AWS Global infrastructure
 Benefits of AWS Global Infrastructure(3)

• Scalability : The AWS Global Infrastructure enables

companies to be extremely flexible and take advantage of
the conceptually infinite scalability of the cloud.
• Global Footprint: AWS has a large global infrastructure
footprint and is constantly increasing.

Click here to read more on benefits of AWS Global infrastructure

 Ways to interact with AWS Services

• AWS Management Console

• Command Line Interface (CLI)
• Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Ways to interact with AWS Services (1)

● AWS Management Console

 Ways to Interact with AWS Services (2)

Command Line Interface (CLI):

• The AWS CLI allows you to manage your AWS environment using a terminal
rather than a graphical user interface (GUI).
• This is not only quicker than clicking around a GUI, but it also means that
you can perform a level of automation by scripting CLI commands.
• For example, you could create a script that contains all the commands
necessary to create an EC2 instance or create a new S3 bucket.
• aws s3 ls is a command to list all s3 buckets in one’s account.
 Ways to interact with AWS Services(3)

Software Development Kit (SDK):

• AWS provides a number of Software Development Kits
(SDKs) that allow you to interact with the platform through
code that you have developed yourself.
• SDKs are available for all the major programming
languages, including Java, Python, Node.JS and Go.
 Summary

• Definition of some key terms

• Components of AWS Global Insfrastructure
• Benefits of AWS Global Infrastructure
• Discuss on the different ways on accessing AWS Services
Revision
 Question 1
What is the right arrangement of the AWS Global
Infrastructure components according to their geographical
coverage area size, in descending order?
A)Regions, Availability Zones, Edge Locations
B)Regions, Edge Locations, Availability Zones
c)Edge Locations, Availability Zones, Regions
D)Availability Zones, Edge Locations, Regions.
 Question 1 – Answer A
What is the right arrangement of the AWS Global
Infrastructure components according to their geographical
coverage area size, in descending order?
A)Regions, Availability Zones, Edge Locations
B)Regions, Edge Locations, Availability Zones
c)Edge Locations, Availability Zones, Regions
D)Availability Zones, Edge Locations, Regions.
 Question 2
2. Which of the following is not a part of the
AWS Global Infrastructure?
A) Edge Locations
B) Placement Groups
C) Availability Zones
D) Regions
 Question 2 – Answer B
The AWS Global Infrastructure consists of Region,
Availability Zones, and Edge Locations.

Placement group is just a logical grouping of

instances within a single Availability Zone that
benefit from low network latency, high network
throughput.
 Question 3

Which statement below is correct regarding the

components of the AWS Global Infrastructure?
A) An edge location contains multiple AWS Regions
B) An Availability Zone contains edge locations
C) An AWS Region contains multiple Availability Zones
D) An Availability Zone contains multiple AWS Regions.
 Question 3 – Answer C

Which statement below is correct regarding the

components of the AWS Global Infrastructure?
A) An edge location contains multiple AWS Regions
B) An Availability Zone contains edge locations
C) An AWS Region contains multiple Availability Zones
D) An Availability Zone contains multiple AWS Regions.
 Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a method of accessing

AWS services?
A) Command Line Interface
B) AWS Management Console
C) SSH Client
D) Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Question 4 - Answer C

Which of the following is NOT a method of accessing

AWS services?
A) Command Line Interface
B) AWS Management Console
C) SSH Client
D) Software Development Kit (SDK)
The End