Check verbs towards: 

1. subject (singular or plural) 

2. time modifiers (for the tense)
3. other verbs (for the tense)

I. Present Simple
auxiliary verb: does/do
when we use it: 
1. the action happens regularly 
Ex I go to school every day.
2. transport time table 
Ex My bus arrives at 5 p m tomorrow. 

II. Present Progressive/Continuous

formula: to be (am, is, are) + verb + ing
when we use it:
1. the action is happening at the moment 
Ex I am writing a letter right now. 
2. close future 
Ex I am visiting a doctor tomorrow. 
3. limited period of time for some action 
Ex I am very busy this year because I am writing a book. 

III. Present Perfect 

formula: has/have + Verb II
note: Verb II=verb + ed (if it regular verb) or Past Participle (if it is irregular verb)
when we use it:
1. the action is finished but the time period is not 
Ex I have eaten today. 
2. the action started in the past, continues till present 
Ex I have started playing tennis. 
3. zero time modifier 
Ex I have started playing tennis. 
4. result in the sentence
Ex As a result, the cup has broken.
5. key words: recently, lately, so far, for, since, just, yet, never, ever, already, this (+time period),
throughout, over (+time period), during

IV. Present Perfect Progressive

formula: has/have + been + verb + ing
when we use it: in the same situations when we use Present Perfect but if we want to specify that
the action was in progress
key word: for
Ex I have been writing this letter for 5 hours.
V. Past Simple
auxiliary verb: did
when we use it: when both the action and the time period are finished 
Ex I finished my homework last week. 
key words: last, when, ago, yesterday, in 1995 (specific year, time)

VI. Future Perfect 

formula: will + have + Verb II
when we use it:
the action will be completed by a specific date in the future 
Ex I will have finished my homework by the next lesson. 
key word: by + future date 

VII. Past Progressive

formula: was/were + verb + ing 
when we use it:
two actions happened in the past, one action was in progress when another happened
Ex I was writing a letter when my friend came. 
Past Progressive is usually used with Past Simple

VIII. Past Perfect

formula: had + Verb II
when we use it:
two actions happened in the past, one logically happened earlier than another 
the one that happened earlier is in Past Perfect
the one that happened later is in Past Simple
Ex Dinosaurs had become extinct before humans appeared. 
or
Humans appeared after dinosaurs had become extinct. 
note: if there are words "before" or "after" in the sentence, it is not a mistake to write both
actions in Past Simple
Ex Dinosaurs became extinct before humans appeared.