HANDOUT

Course : ARJUN
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS Target: JEE (Main + Advanced) 2022

Handout

Method of
Differentiation
Method of Differentiation

Method of differentiation

First principle of differentiation

1. The derivative of a given function f at a point x = a in its domain represent the slope of the tangent at
that point, and it is defined as:

Limit f (a  h)f (a ) , provided the limit exists & is denoted by f (a).

h0
h

f ( x )f (a)
i.e. f (a) = Limit
x a , provided the limit exists.
xa

2. If x and x + h belong to the domain of a function f defined by y = f(x), then

Limit f ( x  h)f ( x ) if it exists, is called the Derivative of f at x & is denoted by f (x) or dy .

h0 dx
h

f ( x  h)f ( x )
i.e., f (x) = Limit
h0
h
This method of differentiation is also called ab-initio method or first principle method.

Example # 1 : Find derivative of following functions by first principle with respect to x.

(i) f(x) = x 2 (ii) f(x) = tan x (iii) f(x) = esinx

( x  h) 2  x 2 2xh  h2
Solution : (i) f(x) = hlim
0 = hlim
0 = 2x.
h h

sin( x  h) sin x
tan( x  h)  tan x 
(ii) f(x) lim
= h0 lim
= h  0 cos( x  h) cos x
h h

sin( x  h – x )
= hlim
0 = sec2x.
h cos x. cos( x  h)

e sin ( x  h)  e sin x
(iii) f(x) = hlim
0
h

= hlim e sin x
 
e sin ( x  h ) sin x  1  sin( x  h)  sin x 
 
0 h
sin( x  h)  sin x  

xh x  xhx
2 cos  sin 
lim sin( x  h)  sin x = esin x lim  2   2 
= esin x h0 h0
h h

  h  sin(h / 2) 
= esin x hlim
0
cos x  
2 h/2  = e
 sin x cos x
 

2
Method of Differentiation

Derivative of some elementary functions :

f(x) f(x)

1. xn nxn – 1 , (x  R, n  R)

2. ax ax n a , a>0

1
3. n |x|
x
1
4. logax x n a

5. sin x cos x

6. cos x – sin x

7. sec x sec x tan x

8. cosec x – cosec x cot x

9. tan x sec 2 x

10. cot x – cosec2x

Basic theorems :
Sum of two differentiable functions is always differentiable.
Sum of two non-differentiable functions may be differentiable.

There are certain basic theorems in differentiation:

d
1. (f ± g) = f(x) ± g(x)
dx

d d
2. (k f(x)) = k f(x)
dx dx

d
3. (f(x) . g(x)) = f(x) g(x) + g(x) f(x)
dx

d  f ( x)  g( x ) f ( x )  f ( x ) g( x )
4.   =
dx  g( x )  g2 ( x )

d
5. (f(g(x))) = f(g(x)) g(x)
dx

This rule is also called the chain rule of differentiation and can be written as
dy dy dz
= .
dx dz dx
Note that an important inference obtained from the chain rule is that

dy dy dx
=1= .
dy dx dy

dy 1
 =
dx dx / dy
another way of expressing the same concept is by considering y = f(x) and x = g(y) as inverse functions
of each other.

3
Method of Differentiation

dy dx
= f(x) and dy = g(y)
dx

1
 g(y) =
f ( x )

Example # 2 : Find the derivative of the following functions with respect to x.

(i) f(x) = sin( 2x  3)

x
(ii) f(x) = (iii) f(x) = x . sin x
1 x2

Solution : (i) f(x) = sin ( 2 x  3 )

d 1 d
 f(x) = ( sin ( 2 x  3 ) ) = . (sin (2x + 3)) (chain rule)
dx 2 sin (2x  3) dx

cos(2x  3)
=
sin (2x  3)

x (1  x 2 )  x(2x )
(ii) f(x) =  f(x) = (Quotiant rule)
1 x2 (1  x 2 )2

1 x2
=
(1  x 2 )2
(iii) f(x) = x sin x
 f(x) = x. cos x + sin x (Product rule)

Example # 3 : If f(x) = sin (x + tanx), then find value of f(0).

Solution :  f(x) = sin (x + tanx)
 f(x) = cos (x + tanx) (1 + sec2x) (chain rule)
Hence, f(0) = 2

Derivative of inverse trigonometric functions :

 
1. y = sin–1 x  – y and x = sin y
2 2

dx dy 1 1
= cos y  = = , siny  ± 1
dy dx cos y 1  sin 2 y

dy 1
= , – 1 < x < 1.
dx 1 x 2

 
In general |cos y| = 1  sin 2 y . But here since – y  |cos y| = cosy
2 2

4
Method of Differentiation

 
2. y = tan–1x  x = tan y and – y
2 2

dx
= sec2y = 1 + tan2 y
dy

dx dy 1
2
 dy = 1 + x 
dx
=
1 x2
(x  R)


3. y = sec –1x  y  [0, ] –   and x = secy
2

dx dy 1
dy = sec y tan y 
dx
= sec y. tan y , tan y  0

1    
= | sec y. tan y | , y   0,    ,  
 2 2 

1 1
= | sec y || tan y | =
| x | x2  1

dy 1
 = x  (– , – 1)  (1, )
dx | x | x2  1
Results for the derivative of inverse trigonometric functions can be summarized as :
f(x) f(x)
1
sin–1x ; |x| < 1
1 x 2
1
cos –1x ; |x| < 1
1 x 2
1
tan–1x ; xR
1 x2
1
cot–1x ; xR
1 x2

1
sec –1 x ; |x| > 1
| x | x2  1

1
cosec-1 x ; |x| > 1
| x | x2  1

Example # 4 : If f(x) = n (sin–1 x 2), then find f(x).

1 1 2x
Solution : f(x) = . . 2x =
(sin1 x 2 ) 1  ( x 2 )2 (sin x 2 ) 1  x 4
1

Example # 5 : If f(x) = 2x sec–1x – cosec –1(x) , then find f(–2).

2x 1
Solution : f(x) = 2 sec –1(x) + 2
+
| x | x 1 | x | x2  1

5
Method of Differentiation
2 1
Hence, f(–2) = 2.sec –1(– 2) – +
3 2 3
4 3
f(–2) = –
3 2

Logarithmic differentiation :
The process of taking logarithm of the function first and then differentiate is called Logarithmic
differentiation. It is often useful in situations when

(i) a function is the product or quotient of a number of functions OR

(ii) a function is of the form [f(x)]g(x) where f & g are both derivable,

dy
Example # 6 : If y = (sin x)n x, find
dx
Solution : n y = n x . n (sin x)

1 dy 1 cos x
y dx = n (sin x) + n x.
x sin x

dy  n sin x  
 = (sin x)n x   cot x n x 
dx  x 

x1/ 2 (1  2x )2 / 3 dy
Example # 7 : If y = , then find .
( 2  3 x )3 / 4 (3  4 x ) 4 / 5 dx

x1/ 2 (1  2x )2 / 3
Solution :  y=
( 2  3 x )3 / 4 (3  4 x ) 4 / 5
taking loge on both side
1 2 3 4
n y = n x + n (1 – 2x) – n (2 – 3x) – n (3 – 4x)
2 3 4 5
1 dy 1 4 9 16
 y dx = 2 x – 3(1  2x ) + 4 (2  3 x ) + 5 (3  4 x )

dy  1 4 9 16 
 = y  2x  3 (1  2 x )  4(2  3 x )  5 (3  4 x ) 
dx  

Implicit differentiation :

If f(x, y) = 0, is an implicit function i.e. y can't be expressed explicitly as a function of x then in order to
find dy/dx, we differentiate each term w.r.t. x regarding y as a function of x and then collect terms in
dy/dx.

dy
Example # 8 : If x3 + y3 = 3xy, then find .
dx

Solution : Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get

dy dy
3x2 + 3y2 = 3x + 3y
dx dx
2
dy yx
= 2
dx y x
Note that above result holds only for points where y2 – x  0

6
Method of Differentiation
dy
Example # 9 : If xy + yx = 2 then find
dx
Solution : u+v=2
du dv
 + =0 ........(i)
dx dx
where u = xy & v = yx
 n u = y n x & n v = x n y
1 du y dy 1 dv x dy
 = + n x & = n y + y
u dx x dx v dx dx

du y dy  dv  x dy 
 = x y   n x  & = yx  n y  y dx 
dx x dx  dx  
Now, equation (i) becomes

y dy   x dy 
x y   n x  + y x  n y  
x dx   y dx  = 0.

 x y y
 y n y  x . 
dy  x
 =–
dx  y x
 x n x  y x . 
 y

Differentiation using substitution :

In certain situations as mentioned below, substitution simplifies differentiation. For each of the following
expression, appropriate substitution is as follows

 
(i) x 2  a2  x = a tan  , where  << or x = a cot , where 0 <  < 
2 2

 
(ii) a2  x 2  x = a sin  , where   or x = a cos , where 0    
2 2

(iii) x 2  a2  x = a sec , where  [0 –  
2

  
or x = a cosec , where   ,  – {0}
 2 2

xa
(iv)  x = a cos , where 0    
ax

 1  x 2  1
 
Example # 10 : Differentiate y = tan–1   with respect to x.
x
 

  
Solution : Let x = tan  , where    ,  – {0}
 2 2

 | sec  | 1      
y = tan–1    | sec  | sec      ,  
 tan     2 2 

 1  cos  
 y = tan–1  
 sin  

7
Method of Differentiation

 
 y = tan–1  tan 
 2

  1    
 y=  tan (tan x )  x for x    ,  
2   2 2 

1 dy 1
 y= tan–1 x  =
2 dx 2(1  x 2 )

dy  1 x  1 x 
Example # 11 : Find , where y = tan–1  .
dx  1 x  1 x 
 
Solution : Let x = cos , where  [0, ]

 1  cos   1  cos  
 y = tan–1  

 1  cos   1  cos  

  
 2 cos  2 sin 
 2 2 
 y = tan–1
  
 2 cos  2 sin 
 2 2

      
 1  cos   2 cos but for   0,  , 2 cos  2 cos 
 2 2  2 2 2

 
 1  tan 
 2      
 y = tan–1    y= – as   – 
 1  tan  4 2 4 4 2 4
 2

 1 dy 1
 y= – cos –1x  =
4 2 dx 2 1 x2

 2x 
Example # 12 : If f(x) = sin–1   , then find
 1 x2 

 1
(i) f(2) (ii) f   (iii) f(1)
2

 
Solution : x = tan , where – <<
2 2
 y = sin–1 (sin 2)

 
   2 ,
2
 2      2 tan 1 x x 1
  1
  2 tan x 1 x  1
y =  2 ,   2   f(x) = 
2 2  (   2 tan 1 x ) x  1
 
 (   2) ,    2   
 2

8
Method of Differentiation

 2
 2
x 1
 1 x
 2
 2
1 x  1
 f(x) =  1  x
  2
x  1
 1  x 2

2  1 8
(i) f(2) = – (ii) f   =
5 2
  5
(iii) f(1+) = – 1 and f(1–) = + 1
 f(1) does not exist.
Aliter
Above problem can also be solved without any substution also, but in a little tedious way.
 2x 
f(x) = sin–1  
 1 x2 

1 2{(1  x 2 )  2x 2 }
 f(x) = .
4x 2 (1  x 2 )2
1
(1  x 2 )2

(1  x 2 ) 2(1  x 2 )
= .
(1  x 2 )2 (1  x 2 )2

2 (1  x 2 )
f(x) = .
(1  x 2 ) | 1 x2 |

 2
 2
, |x|1
thus 1
f(x) =   2 x
 , | x|1
 1  x 2

1 y 2 = a(x – y), then prove that

dy 1 y2
Example # 13 : If 1 x 2 + = .
dx 1 x2
 
Solution : Put x = sin where –    and
2 2
 
y = sin where –   .
2 2
 cos + cos  = a (sin – sin)
       
 2cos   cos   = 2a cos   sin  
 2   2   2   2 

 
 cot   =a
 2 
  –  = 2 cot–1 (a) or –  + 2 cot–1a
 sin–1 x – sin–1 y = 2 cot–1a or –  + 2 cot–1a
differentiating w.r.t to x.
1 1 dy
– =0
2 2 dx
1 x 1 y

dy 1 y 2
 =
dx 1 x 2

9
Method of Differentiation
Aliter
Using implicit differentiation

x y dy  dy 
2 – 2 = a 1  
1 x 1 y dx  dx 

x
  a
 y  dy x dy 1 x2
  a   =a+  =
 1 y2  dx 1 x 2 dx
a
y
1 y2

1 x 2  1 y 2 x

dy xy 1 x 2
 =
dx 1 x2  1 y2 y

xy 1 y2

dy (1  x 2 )  (1  x 2 )(1  y 2 )  x 2  xy 1 y2 1  (1  x 2 )(1  y 2 )  xy 1 y2
= . = .
dx (1  x 2 )(1  y 2 )  (1  y 2 )  xy  y 2 1 x2 1  (1  x 2 )(1  y 2 )  xy 1 x2

dy 1 y 2
 = Hence proved
dx 1 x 2

Parametric differentiation :
dy dy / d
If y = f() & x = g() where is a parameter, then dx  dx / d .

dy
Example # 14 : If x= a cos 3t and y = a sin3t, then find the value of .
dx

dy dy / dt  3a sin 2 t cos t
Solution : = = = – tan t
dx dx / dt 3a cos 2 t sin t

dy 
Example # 15 : If y = a cos t and x = a (t – sint), then find the value of at t = .
dx 2

dy a sin t dy
Solution : =  dx 
= – 1.
dx a(1  cos t ) t
2

Derivative of one function with respect to another :

dy dy / dx f '(x)
Let y = f(x); z = g(x) then   .
d z dz / dx g' (x)

Example # 16 : Find derivative of y = n x with respect to z = ex.

dy dy / dx 1
Solution : = =
dz dz / dx xex

10
Method of Differentiation

Higher order derivatives :

Let a function y = f(x) be defined on an open interval (a, b). It’s derivative, if it exists in (a, b) is a certain
function f (x) [or (dy/dx) or y ] & is called the first derivative of y w. r. t. x.
If it happens that the first derivative has a derivative in (a, b) then this derivative is called the second
derivative of y w. r. t. x & is denoted by f (x) or (d2y/dx2) or y . While the first derivative denotes slope
of the graph, the second derivative denotes it's concavity.

d3 y d  d2 y 
Similarly, the 3rd order derivative of y w. r. t. x, if it exists, is defined by 
dx 3 dx  dx 2  , it is also

denoted by f (x) or y .

It must be carefully noted that in case of parametric functions

dy dy / dt d2 y d2 y / dt 2 d2 y d  dy / dt 
although = but  rather =  
dx dx / dt 2 2 2 2 dx  dx / dt 
dx dx / dt dx
which on applying chain rule can be resolved as

 dx d2 y dy d2 x 
 .  . 
 dt dt 2 dt dt 2 
d2 y d  dy / dt  dt d2 y   dt
=  .  = 2 .
dx 2 dt  dx / dt  dx dx 2  dx  dx
 
 dt 

 dx d2 y dy d2 x 
 . 2  . 
d2 y  dt dt dt dt 2 
= 3
dx 2  dx 
 
 dt 

Example # 17 : If y = x3 n x, then find yand y

1
Solution : y = 3x 2 n x + x3 = 3x 2 n x + x 2
x
1
y = 6x n x + 3x 2 . + 2x = 6x n x + 5x
x
y = 6 n x + 11

x
 1
Example # 18 : If y =   , then find y(1)
x
Solution : Now taking loge both sides, we get
n y = – x n x when x = 1, then y = 1

n y = – x n x
y
 y = – (1 + n x)  y = – y (1 + n x) ......(i)

again differentiating. w.r.t. to x,

1 y
y = – y(1 + n x) – y .  y = y (1 + n x)2 – (using (i))
x x
 y(1) = 0

11
Method of Differentiation

d2 y
Example # 19 : If x = t + 1 and y = t2 + t3, then find .
dx 2

dy dx
Solution : = 2t + 3t2 ; =1
dt dt

dy
 = 2t + 3t2
dx

d2 y d dt
 2 = (2t + 3t2) .
dx dt dx

d2 y
= 2 + 6t.
dx 2

Example # 20 : Find second order derivative of y= sin x with respect to z = ex.

dy dy / dx cos x
Solution :  = =
dz dz / dx ex

d2 y d  cos x  d2 y d  cos x  dx
 =    =  .
dz 2 dz  e x  dx 2 dx  e x  dz

 e x sin x  cos x e x 1
= .
( e x )2 ex

d2 y (sin x  cos x )
=–
dz 2
e2x

Example # 21 : y = f(x) and x =g(y) are inverse functions of each other, then express g(y) and g(y) in terms
of derivative of f(x).
dy dx
Solution : = f(x) and dy = g(y)
dx
1
 g(y) = ...........(i)
f ( x )
again differentiating w.r.t. to y
d  1 
g(y) = dy  
 f ( x ) 

d  1  dx
=   .
dx  f ( x )  dy
f ( x )
=– . g(y)
f ( x )2
f ( x )
 g(y) = – .........(ii)
f ( x )3
which can also be remembered as

d2 y
2
d x dx 2
2 = – 3 .
dy  dy 
 
 dx 

12
Method of Differentiation

Example # 22 : y = sin (sinx) then prove that y + (tanx) y + y cos 2x = 0

Solution : Such expression can be easily proved using implicit differentiation

 y = cos (sin x) cos x
 sec x.y = cos (sin x)
again differentiating w.r.t x, we get
secx y + y sec x tan x = – sin (sin x) cos x
 y + y tan x = – y cos2 x
 y +(tanx) y + y cos 2x = 0

Derivative of a determinant :
f (x) g( x ) h( x )
l( x ) m( x ) n( x )
If F(x) = , where f, g, h, l, m, n, u, v, w are differentiable functions of x, then
u( x ) v( x ) w( x)

f ' ( x ) g' ( x ) h' ( x ) f (x) g( x ) h( x ) f ( x) g( x ) h( x )

l( x ) m( x ) n( x ) l' ( x ) m' ( x ) n' ( x ) l( x ) m( x ) n( x )
F (x) = + +
u( x ) v( x ) w( x) u( x ) v( x ) w( x ) u' ( x ) v' ( x ) w ' ( x )

L’ hospital’s rule :
If f(x) & g(x) are functions of x such that:
(i) Limit f(x) =  = Limit g(x)
x a x a

OR

(ii) Limit f(x) = 0 = Limit g(x), both f(x) and g(x) are continuous at x = a, both f(x) and
x a x a

g(x) are differentiable at x = a and both f (x) and g (x) are continuous at x = a,

f (x) f ' (x)

then Limit = Limit
x a g( x ) x a g' ( x )

13
 Method of Differentiation

PART - I
dy
2x 2  1 and y = f(x ), then
2
1. If f(x) = at x = 1 is equal to
dx
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) – 2 (D) –1

2. If f(x) = logx(  n x), then f (x) at x = e is equal to

(A) 1/e (B) e (C) 1 (D) zero

3 dy dx
3. Let y = x – 8x + 7 and x = f(t). If = 2 and x = 3 at t = 0, then at t = 0 is given by
dt dt
(A) 1 (B) 19/2 (C) 2/19 (D) None of these

3
1 t 3 2  dy  dy
4. If x = ,y   , then x    is equal to
y3 2t 2 t  dx  dx
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) 1 (D) 2

2 d2 y
5. If x = at , y = 2at, then is equal to
dx 2
1 1 1 1
(A)  2
(B) (C)  3
(D) 
t 2at 2
t 2at3

dy
6. If x 1  y  y 1  x  0 , then is equal to
dx
1 1 1 1
(B) 
(A)
1  x  2
1  x  2
(C)
1  x  2
(D)
1  x 

x10
Let g is the inverse function of f and f (x) =
7.
1  x  . If g(2) = a, then g (2) is equal to
2

a 1 a 2 a10 1 a10
(A) (B) (C) (D)
210 a10 1 a2 a2

2 2 dy
8. If ax + 2 hxy + by = 0, then is equal to
dx
y x x
(A) (B) (C)  (D) None of these
x y y

d  1  x 2  x 4 
 = ax + b, then the value of 'a' and 'b' are respectively
9. If
dx  1  x  x 2 

(A) 2 and 1 (B) 2 and 1 (C) 2 and 1 (D) None of these

14
Method of Differentiation
f(x)
10. Let e =  n x. If g(x) is the inverse function of f(x), then g(x) equals to:
(C) e x  e
x
x x x + ln x
(A) e (B) e + x (D) e

m n m+n dy
11. If x y = (x + y) , then is
dx
xy x y
(A) (B) xy (C) (D)
xy y x

 1 2 dy
12. If 8 f(x) + 6 f   = x + 5 and y = x f(x), then at x = –1 is equal to
 
x dx
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C)  (D) None of these
14 14

–1 dy
13. If y = sec(tan x), then at x = 1 is equal to : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),360]
dx

1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2 2

x y x+y dy
14. If 2 + 2 = 2 , then is equal to
dx
2y 1 2 x (1  2 y )
(A)  (B) (C) 1 2 y (D)
2x 1 2x 2 y (2 x  1)

15. Differentiate the following functions with respect to x.

5  x
(i) x 2 / 3  7e   7 tan x (ii) x 2 .nx.e x (iii) .n tan  
x 4 2
sin x  x cos x  1  cos x 
(iv) (v) tan tan1 ,0  x  
x sin x  cos x  1  cos x 
 

16. Differentiate the given functions w.r.t.x

(i) (nx)cos x (ii) x x  2sinx (iii) y  ( xnx)nnx

If f(x) 2  n (x 2) x + 4x + 1, then find the solution set of the inequality f (x) 0.
2
17.

dy
18. Find if:
dx
 1 t
(i) x  a cos t  n tan2  and y = a sin t.
 2 2 
(ii) x  sin t cos 2t and y  cost cos2t

dy
19. Find , when x and y are connected by the following relations
dx
2 2 –y x 2
(i) ax + 2hxy + by +2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (ii) xy + xe + y . e = x

15
 Method of Differentiation

dy
20. Find in each of the following cases:
dx
4x 2  3x  1 x2 
(i) y  tan1  tan1 ,(0  x  1) (ii) y  sin 1 ,(0  x  1)
1  5x 2 3  2x  1 x2 
 
1 x
(iii) y  sin 1 ,( 1  x  1)
2

PART - II
x
1. Let f(x) be a polynomial in x. Then the second derivative of f(e ) w.r.t. x is
(A) f (e ). e + f (e ) (B) f (e ). e + f (e ). e
x x x x 2x x 2x

(C) f (e ) e (D) f (e ). e + f (e ). e

x 2x x 2x x x

f g h
2. If f(x), g(x), h(x) are polynomials in x of degree 2 and F(x) = f ' g' h' , then F(x) is equal to
f ' ' g' ' h' '
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) f(x) . g(x) . h(x)

 d2 y  d2 x 
Statement – 1 Let f : [0, ) [0, ) be a function defined by y = f(x) = x , then  2  2  =1
2
3.
 dx  dy 
  
3
d2 y d2 x  dy 
Statement – 2  . 
dx2 dy2  dx 
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

2x x
4. Let y be an implicit function of x defined by x – 2x cot y – 1 = 0. Then y(1) equals
(A) 1 (B) log 2 (C) – log 2 (D) – 1

Let f : (–1, 1) R be a differentiable function with f(0) = – 1 and f(0) = 1. Let g(x) = [f(2f(x) + 2)] . Then
2
5.
g(0).
(A) – 4 (B) 0 (C) – 2 (D) 4

d2 x
6. 
dy 2
1 1
 d2 y   d2 y   dy  3  d2 y  dy  2  d2 y  dy  3
(A)  2  (B)   2    (C)  2   (D)   2  
 dx   dx   dx   dx  dx   dx  dx 
       

–1 –1 d2 y dy
x
2 2 2
7. If y = (sin x) + (cos x) , then (1 – x ) is equal to
dx 2 dx
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0

16
Method of Differentiation

 d  d2 y 
If y = P(x) is a polynomial of degree 3, then 2   y 3 . 2  is equal to
2
8.
 dx  dx 
(A) P(x) + P(x) (B) P(x). P(x) (C) P (x). P(x) (D) a constant

t 1
9. The differential coefficient of sin
-1
w.r.t. cos1 is
1 t 2
1 t 2
(A) 1 t > 0 (B) – 1 t < 0 (C) 1 t R (D) none of these

d
10. If fn(x) = e fn 1( x ) for all n N and f0 (x) = x, then {fn (x)} is equal to
dx
d
(A) fn (x). {fn 1 (x)} (B) fn (x). fn 1 (x)
dx
(C) fn (x). fn 1 (x)........ f2 (x). f1 (x) (D) none of these

cos( x  x 2 ) sin( x  x 2 )  cos( x  x 2 )

11. If f(x) = sin( x  x 2 ) cos( x  x 2 ) sin( x  x 2 ) , then
sin 2x 0 sin 2x 2
(A) f(2) = 0 (B) f (1/2) = 0 (C) f (1) = – 2 (D) f (0) = 4

12. If f is twice differentiable such that f(x) = –f(x) and f(x) = g(x). If h(x) is a twice differentiable function
2 2
such that h(x) = (f(x)) + (g(x)) . If h(0) = 2, h(1) = 4, then the equation y = h(x) represents
(A) a curve of degree 2 (B) a curve passing through the origin
(C) a straight line with slope 2 (D) a straight line with y intercept equal to 2

dy
13. If y = , then find
dx

1 xn
It is known for x 1 that 1 + x + x +....+x
2 n–1 2
14. = , hence find the sum of the series S = 1 + 2x + 3x
1 x
n
....+ (n + 1) x .


..
..
y 2 loge y
.
ax dy
15. If y = a x , then prove that 
dx x(1  y loge x loge y )

16. Differentiate
 1  x 2  1
1  1  2x 
(i) tan  w.r.t. 1  4x 2 (ii) tan1  with respect to tan-1 (x)
 1  2x   x 
 

2
d2 y  dy 
17.
y
(i) If e (x + 1) = 1, show that  
dx 2
 dx 
–1 d2 y dy
x  4y
2
(ii) If y = sin (2 sin x), show that (1 – x ) 2
dx dx

17
 Method of Differentiation

d2 y dy
 2k  n2 y  0 where n = p + k .
kt 2 2 2
18. If y = A e cos (p t + c), then prove that 2
dt dt

19. If e
x+y
= xy, then show that
d2 y


 y ( x  1)2  ( y  1)2 
dx 2
x ( y  1)
2 3

–1 –1 d2 y dy
20. If y = x  n ((ax) + a ), prove that x (x + 1) 2
x  y 1
dx dx

PART - III

If y = sin  x 1  x  x 1  x 2  and
dy 1
1.
-1
  p, then p is equal to
  dx 2 x(1  x )
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) sin -1 x (D)
1- x 1- x 2
dn
2. If u = ax + b, then (f(ax + b)) is equal to
dxn
dn dn dn dn
(A) ( f (u)) (B) a ( f (u)) (C) an ( f (u)) (D) a n ( f (u))
dun dun dun dun

x d2 x
3. If y = x + e , then is equal to
dy 2
ex ex 1
(A) e x (B)  (C)  (D)
(1  e ) x 3
(1  e ) x 2
(1  e x )2

4. If y is a function of x and  n (x + y) – 2xy = 0, then the value of y(0) is equal to

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) 0

5. Let S denote the set of all polynomials P(x) of degree 2 such that P(1) = 1, P(0) = 0 and P(x) > 0x
[0, 1], then
(A) S =  
2
(B) S = {(1 – a)x + ax ; 0 < a < 2}
(D) S = {(1 – a) x + ax ; 0 < a < }
2 2
(C) S = {(1 – a) x + ax ; 0 < a < 1}

6. If x cos y + y cos x = then the value of y(0) is equal to

(A)  (B) –  (C) 1 (D) 0

2 2
  x    x 
7. If f(x) = – f(x) and g(x) = f(x) and F(x) =  f      g   and given that F(5) = 5, then F(10) is equal
  2    2 
to
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) 15

8. Let g(x) = log f(x), where f(x) is a twice differentiable positive function on (0, ) such that
 1  1
f(x + 1) = x f(x). Then, g  N    g' '   is equal to, for N = 1, 2, 3, .......
 2 2

 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 

(A)  41    ....   (B) 41    ....  

 9 25 (2N  1) 
2
 
 9 25 (2N  1) 
2


 1 1 1 
 
 1 1 1 

(C)  41    ....   (D) 41    ....  

 9 25 ( 2N  1) 2

 
 9 25 ( 2N  1) 2


18
 Method of Differentiation

9. The area of the closed figure bounded by y = x, y = x and the tangent to the curve y = x 2  5 at the
point (3, 2) is
(A) 5 (B) 15/2 (C) 10 (D) 35/2

 1  6x x 
10. If for x   0,  , the derivative of tan
-1   is x .g( x ) , then g(x) equals :
 4   1  9x 3 
 
9 3x x 3x 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  9x 3
1  9x 3
1  9x 3
1  9x 3

 
 y  dy
11. If x 2  y 2  e t where t  sin -1  , then dx is equal to.
 x2  y2
 
xy xy yx xy
(A) (B) (C) (D)
xy xy yx 2x  y

12. Let f(x) = x sin x, x > 0. Then for all natural numbers n, f(x) vanishes at
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
 1  1 
(A) a unique point in the interval  n, n   (B) a unique point in the interval  n  , n  1
 2   2 
(C) a unique point in the interval (n, n +1) (D) two points in the interval (n, n +1)

x x
13. The functions u = e sin x; v = e cos x satisfy the equation
du dv d 2u
(A) v u  u2  v 2 (B)  2v
dx dx dx 2
d2 v du dv
(C) 2
 2u (D)   2v
dx dx dx

dPn
14. If Pn is the sum of a GP upto n terms. Show that (1 – r)  n.Pn1  (n  1)Pn
dr

x x x sin x 1 x 1 x 1 x
15. If cos . cos 2 . cos 3 ....  , then find the value of 2 sec 2  4 sec 2 2  6 sec 2 3  .....
2 2 2 x 2 2 2 2 2 2

 x d2 y dy
16. Show that the substitution z = n tan  changes the equation  cot x  4y cos ec 2 x  0 to
 2  dx 2 dx
2 2
(d y/dz ) + 4y = 0.
F" f " g" 2c F" ' f " ' g" '
17. If F(x) = f(x). g(x) and f (x). g (x) = c, prove that    and  
F f g fg F f g

ax2 bx c y' 1  a b c 
18. If y =    1, then prove that     
( x  a)( x  b)( x  c ) ( x  b)( x  c ) ( x  c ) y xax bx c x

 
2
 dy 
If x = sec – cos and y = sec – cos then show that x 2  4    n2 ( y 2  4)
n n
19.
 dx 
y 2
d2 y  dy 
20. If (a + bx) e x  x , then prove that x
3
 x  y
dx 2
 dx 

19
Method of Differentiation

PART - I

PART - II

PART - III

20