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Gas Insulated Substation
Gas Insulated Substation
A SEMINAR REPORT
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
by
VISHAL NIGAM
Under the guidance of
I hereby, declare that the work which is being presented in this seminar
report entitled “Gas Insulated Substation” submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology to the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, INDIA, under the guidance and supervision of Mr. Satyendra
Singh ,Department of Electrical Engineering, IET LUCKNOW.
To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in this seminar report
has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any
other Institute/University.
Date:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the
best of my knowledge.
VISHAL NIGAM
1205220051
EE 3rd YEAR
CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. FEATURES OF GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION
2. INTRODUCTION TO SF6
3. COMPONENTS OF GIS.
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS OF GIS
5. DISADVANTAGE OF GIS.
6. APPLICATION OF GIS.
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2. INTRODUCTION TO SULPHUR
HEXAFLUORIDE(SF6)
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an Inorganic, colorless, odorless,
non-flammable, extremely potent greenhouse gas which is an
excellent electrical insulator.[3]
SF6 has an octahedral geometry, consisting of
six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is
a hypervalent molecule. Typical for a nonpolar gas, it is
poorly soluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
It is generally transported as a liquefied compressed gas. It
has a density of 6.12 g/L at sea level conditions, which is
considerably higher than the density of air (1.225 g/L).
Characterstics of SF6 :
Copyright© Siemens AG
Fig.3.0 SF6-emission in the lifecycle process of switchgear.
Bus bar
Circuit Breakers
Disconnecting switches
Earthing switches
Current transformers
Voltage transformers
Cable and boxes
Gas supply and gas monitoring equipment and
Local control
Fig. 6.0
Fig 6.1 shows working of SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER.
Here the breaker is filled with SF6 gas at rated pressure. There
are two fixed contact fitted with a specific contact gap. A sliding
cylinder bridges these to fixed contacts. The cylinder can
axially slide upward and downward along the contacts. There is
one stationary piston inside the cylinder which is fixed with
other stationary parts of the SF6 circuit breaker, in such a way
that it can not change its position during the movement of the
cylinder. As the piston is fixed and cylinder is movable or
sliding, the internal volume of the cylinder changes when the
cylinder slides.
3.1.2 DISCONNECTOR :
Current transformer
The current transformers are of the single-phase inductive type
with one or more cores and preferably located on the outgoing
side of the circuit breaker. They can, however, be located at
any point within the bay or substation. he high-voltage
conductor forms the primary winding.
The cores with the secondary windings are located on a
grounded electrode and are designed to comply with the
requirements in terms of accuracy, class, and power rating.
Different ratios can be achieved via taps in the secondary
winding accessible in a terminal box. The pressurized SF6
gas between the high-voltage conductor and electrode serves
as the primary insulation. The cores are completely metal-
enclosed which makes for very high reliability in terms of
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
Fig7.0 Fig7.1
The application of GIS during the last fifteen years has been
very
rapid. The rapid growth in GIS application is due to the
following special
advantages:
Area and volume saving in construction for over or
underground
applications. Therefore they offer saving in land area and
construction costs.
Insensitivity to external influences because of grounded
metal
enclosures.
Greatly improved safety and reliability due to earthed
metal housing of all high voltage parts and much higher
intrinsic strength of SF6 gas as insulation.
Short on site erection times, based on large factory
assembled and
tested shipping units.
Fulfillment of aesthetic requirements with indoor
applications
High service reliability due to non-exposure of the use of
high voltage parts to atmosphere influences
Reduction in radio interference with the use of earthed
metal
enclosures.
Use as mobile substations for transportation to load
centers on
standard tracks. These substations can be located closer
to load
centers thereby reducing transmission losses and
expenditure in the distribution network.
More optimal life cycle costs because of lesser
maintenance, down
time and repair costs.
It is not necessary that high voltage or extra high voltage
switchgear has to be installed out doors.
5. DISADVANTAGES OF GIS
Although GIS has been in operation for several years, a lot of
problems encountered in practice need fuller understanding.
Some of the
problems being studied are:
Excessive damage in case of internal fault. Long outage
periods as the repair of damaged part at site may be
difficult.
Requirement of cleanliness is very stringent. Dust or
moisture can cause internal flashovers.
Such substations are generally indoor, so they need a
separate building. This is generally not required for
conventional outdoor substations.
Procurement of gas and supply of gas to site is
problematic, adequate stock of gas must be maintained.
Project needs almost total imports including SF6 Gas.
Spares conventional substation is totally indigenous up to
400 kV.
Urban Installations
GIS technology can be used for installations in areas where the
cost of real estate or aesthetic appeal is a significant
consideration.
Indoor Installations
Building an air insulated substation indoors is usually
impractical, but a GIS can easily go inside buildings.
8. REFERENCE
3. http://electrical4u.com/gis-or-gas-insulated-switchgear
4. http://electrical4u.com/sulfur-hexafluoride-sf6-gas-
properties/
5. www.alstom.com/.../GIS%20Global
%20Offer/F35%2072.5%20-%20145..
6. http://betaengineering.com/en-
us/areasofexpertise/gasinsulatedsubstations.aspx