Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Handbook 2019 DONE
Handbook 2019 DONE
ENGLISH
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THE ALPHABET
(El alfabeto)
Aa Bb Cc Dd
Ee Ff Gg Hh
Ii Jj Kk Ll
Mm Nn Oo Pp
Qq Rr Ss Tt
Uu Vv Ww Xx
Yy Zz
1. How do you spell your name ?
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II. Listen to the teacher and write the letter you hear, then next
to it, write a word that starts with the same letter
1. __________ _____________________________
2. __________ _____________________________
3. __________ _____________________________
4. __________ _____________________________
5. __________ _____________________________
6. __________ _____________________________
7. __________ _____________________________
8. __________ _____________________________
9. __________ _____________________________
10 . __________ _____________________________
Monday __________________
Tuesday __________________
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Wednesday __________________
Thursday __________________
Friday __________________
Saturday __________________
Sunday __________________
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PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
First Person I We
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Second Person You You
He
Third Person She They
It
Subject pronouns are personal pronouns which function as the subject of a sentence. They
carry out the action of the verb.
Also note that it is generally used to refer to things and animals, not to people. The plural
form of the subject pronoun it is they.
Examples:
1. I am from France.
2. She is an accountant.
3. We are happy.
4. They are artists.
5. He is from Spain.
6. It is cold today.
7. _____ is in the “Gabinete de Idiomas”.
8. _____ am a good person.
9. _____ are smart.
10. _____ is my father.
11. _____ is my cat.
12. _____ am a good student.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Examples:
1. I am from Chile. 8. I am here.
2. He is a businessman. 9. They are from England.
3. They are students. 10. It is a beautiful day.
4. It is cold. 11. We are tired.
5. You are very tall. 12. She is from Santa Cruz..
6. She is nice. 13. I am hungry.
7. We are tourists. 14. It is cold outside.
4. He ________ ill.
Negative sentences that use to be in the present tense are formed as follows.
Singular Plural
First Person I am not We are not
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Second Person You are not You are not
He is not
Third Person She is not They are not
It is not
Examples :
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2. She is my best friend.
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3. I am a smart person.
__________________________________________________________________
“Remember no one can make you feel inferior without your consent .”
Eleanor Roosevelt
VERB “TO BE”
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Singular Plural
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First Person Am I? Are we?
Second Person Are you? Are you?
Is he?
Third Person Is she? Are they?
Is it?
Examples:
1. Is she from Bolivia?
2. Are you thirsty?
3. Is it cold outside?
4. Is he at home?
5. Is she working?
CONTRACTED FORM
Following is a table that shows possible contractions with the verb to be.
Note that the contracted forms are generally avoided in formal, written language.
Examples :
1.______________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Mr. States? Peters Unites from Is the
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4. they Are married?
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5. Am wrong? or right I
____________________________________________________
Yes, ________________________________________________
No, ________________________________________________
“Do what you can , with what you have , where you are.”
Theodore Roosevelt
PART I
What _______________
How _______________
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_____________________________________________________________________________
Where _______________
When _______________
Who _______________
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___________________________________________________________
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“There is only one way to avoid criticism: do nothing, say nothing, and be
nothing.”
Aristotle
PRACTICE
1._________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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4. When ? is Christmas
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“ The “
The definite article is a word that functions as an adjective, which is put before a noun,
qualifying and limiting it in general, it indicates that the noun is known to the speaker it is
most often used to refer to nouns in an specific sense.
Examples:
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
“If you don’t build your dream, someone else will hire you to help them build
theirs.”
Dhirubhai Ambani
THE ARTICLES
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
“ A - An “
The indefinite article is a word that functions as an adjective, which is put before a noun,
qualifying that noun.
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The indefinite article in English is a. A changes to an if the word that follows begins with a
vowel sound. The indefinite article a or an is invariable in gender. The form a is used
before words that begin with a consonant sound. The form an is used before words that
begin with a vowel sound.
Examples:
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PRACTICE
Examples:
1. My father is a lawyer.
2. His sister is an accountant.
3. My uncle is a doctor.
4. The project was designed by an engineer.
5. She loves being a teacher.
PROPER NOUNS
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In English, the following are considered proper nouns, and they are written with an
initial capital letter.
Just as the nouns that refer to nationalities and languages are considered proper and
written with an initial capital letter, so are the adjectives that refer to nationalities and
languages.
Examples:
1. She comes to my house every Monday.
2. I am going to go to France in April.
3. She studies English.
4. He is Colombian.
5. Do you know where Ms. Carty is?
6. Do you know where I put my glasses?
7. She called me on Monday.
8. I was born in April.
9. I am studying English.
10. Do you know where Mr. Smith is?
11. She doesn´t agree with what I said.
12. My brother is married to a Honduran woman.
13. I think that it is an American car.
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________________________________________________________________________________
PART II
Why __________________
Which __________________
Whose __________________
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THE ADJECTIVES
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In the following examples, note that the adjective tall does not vary:
Adjectives can be used in two positions. If placed before the verb of the sentence, they
are said to be attributive. If placed after the verb of the sentence, they are said to be
predicative. Note that in English, attributive adjectives generally precede the noun
which they qualify.
Examples :
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Singular Plural
First Person my our
Second Person your your
his
Third Person her their
its
Examples:
This is my brother.
Our car is blue.
My brother is an accountant.
These are their tables.
That is his hat.
Those kids are my naughty cousins.
Her dress is beautiful.
Where is your mom?
What is your favorite day?
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
3.______________________________________________________________
“In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear
of failure.”
Bill Cosby
PLURAL NOUNS
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The plural of most nouns is formed by adding “s “ to the base of the noun.
If the noun in question ends in s, sh, ch, or x. then the termination -es - is added to the
base of the noun.
If the noun ends in y and before “y” there is a consonant you add - ies - but
if instead of the consonant there is a vowel you just need to add -s- .
If the word ends in - fe - then the termination -ves - is added to the base of the
noun.
Examples:
Singular Plural
Bird Birds
Shelf Shelves
Daughter Daughters
Ticket Tickets
Exercise Exercises
Kiss Kisses
Brush Brushes
Church Churches
Box Boxes
Baby Babies
Day Days
Scarf Scarfs/
Scarves
PLURALS
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IRREGULAR NOUNS
There are several nouns in English with irregular plural forms. Some of the most
common ones are:
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
foot feet
tooth teeth
mouse mice
ox oxen
goose geese
fish fish
Examples :
Write your own examples. Talk about you and your friends:
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
The demonstrative adjectives and pronouns are invariable with respect the gender, but
they do have a singular and a plural form. They are:
Singular Plural
This These
That Those
Note that this and these are generally used to refer to nouns that are close in physical
distance to the speaker. That and those imply that there is a greater physical distance
between the speaker and the noun referred to.
Examples:
1.- __________________________________________________________________
2.- __________________________________________________________________
3.- __________________________________________________________________
Believe you can and you’re halfway there.
Theodore Roosevelt
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
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The present participle is the verbal form that is used in the progressive or continuous
tenses. It is generally used in conjunction with the verb to be.
It is formed by adding the termination - ing - to the base of the verb in the infinitive
without to.
Note that if the base of the verb ends in the letter e, the e is dropped prior to adding
the termination “ ing.”
Examples :
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AFFIRMATIVE FORM
The present progressive tense is generally used to indicate an action or state of being
that is occurring as one speaks. It is formed with the present tense of to be and the
present participle (ing – form ) of the verb in question.
Affirmative sentences in the present progressive tense are formed as follows.
Subject + to be (conjugated in the present simple) + present participle.
Singular Plural
First Person I am walking We are walking
Second Person You are walking You are walking
He is walking
Third Person She is walking They are walking
It is walking
Examples :
1. They are walking to the museum.
2. We are walking to the store.
3. He is walking to work.
4. He is working right now.
5. She is listening to the radio.
6. They are playing in the backyard.
7. I am inviting him to my prom.
8. We are going back tonight.
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
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NEGATIVE FORM
Singular Plural
First Person I am not walking We are not walking
Second Person You are not walking You are not walking
He is not walking
Third Person She is not walking They are not walking
It is not walking
Examples:
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Singular Plural
First Person Am I walking? Are we walking?
Second Person Are you walking? Are you walking?
Is he walking?
Third Person Is she walking? Are they walking?
Is it walking?
Examples:
1.- __________________________________________________________________
2.- __________________________________________________________________
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
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Possessive pronouns are pronouns that are used to denote an idea of possession.
It is interesting to note that unlike in certain other languages, in English the possessive
pronouns are not accompanied by the definite article the.
Singular Plural
First Person mine ours
Second Person yours yours
his
Third Person hers theirs
its
Examples:
1.- __________________________________________________________________
2.- __________________________________________________________________
3.- __________________________________________________________________
TAG QUESTIONS
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Tag questions are put at the end of statements. They convert affirmative and negative
sentences into interrogative ones.
How to form tag questions with to be:
Examples:
1. You aren´t from around here, are you?
2. She´s from Ireland, isn´t she?
3. You are in Mexico, aren´t you?
4. We are on vacation next month, aren´t we?
5. John is from Spain, isn´t he?
6. John isn´t from Spain, is he?
7. She is going to go out tonight, isn´t she?
8. She isn´t going to go out tonight, is she?
9. He is at home , isn´t he?
10. My dad isn’t happy , is he?
1.- __________________________________________________________________
2.- __________________________________________________________________
3.- __________________________________________________________________
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
SINGULAR PLURAL
THERE IS THERE ARE
THERE´S THERE´RE
Examples :
There´s a car in the garage. There are two cars in the garage.
There is a woman at the bank. There are three women here.
There is a cat on the table. There are ten cats on the table.
NEGATIVE FORM
Examples:
There isn´t a lion in the Zoo. There aren´t lions in the Zoo.
There is not a car at home. There are not two cars at home.
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Examples:
Is there a lion in your house? Are there two dogs in your house?
Yes, there is. Yes, there are.
No, there isn´t. No, there aren´t.
PRACTICE
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1. _______________ a woman.
3. _______________ a book.
8. _______________ an eraser.
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
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N _____________________________________________________________________________
E
N PRACTICE
Yes,______________________________________________________________
No,_______________________________________________________________
Yes,______________________________________________________________
No,_______________________________________________________________
Yes,______________________________________________________________
No,_______________________________________________________________
Yes,______________________________________________________________
No,_______________________________________________________________
Yes,______________________________________________________________
No,_______________________________________________________________
Yes,______________________________________________________________
No,_______________________________________________________________
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N _____________________________________________________________________________
E
N SOME– ANY
The word any is generally used in negative sentences and in interrogative sentences
of a general type.
Examples:
1. Would you like some coffee?
2. There is some sugar on the cupboard.
3. No thank you, I wouldn´t like any coffee.
4. Do you have any money left?
5. Yes. I have some money in my wallet.
6. Would you like some coffee?
7. Yes please, I would like some.
8. Were there any rugs at the store?
9. There were not any rugs at the store.
10. Do you have any onions?
1._________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________________
“Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it
will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”
Albert Einstein
OBJECT PRONOUNS
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N _____________________________________________________________________________
E
N
Singular Plural
First Person me us
Second Person you you
him
Third Person her them
it
Object pronouns are personal pronouns that function as the object of a sentence. They
receive the action of the verb.
Also note that it is generally used to refer to animals and things. The plural form of the
object pronoun it is them.
1._________________________________________________________________
“Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in
harmony.”
Mahatma Gandhi
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N _____________________________________________________________________________
E
N WH - QUESTION WORDS
We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We
often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy,
HoW).
what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for?
who asking what or which person or people Who opened the door?
(subject)
whom asking what or which person or people Whom did you see?
(object)
why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that?
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N _____________________________________________________________________________
E
N
Bangkok?
how come asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see her?
(informal)
2._________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________________
6._________________________________________________________________
7._________________________________________________________________
8._________________________________________________________________
9.________________________________________________________________
“As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower
others.”
Bill Gates
POSSESSIVE CASE ( ` s)
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N _____________________________________________________________________________
E
N The possessive case of nouns
1. The possessor
2. ´s
3. The thing possessed without an article.
If the possessors are numerous, you put:
1. The possessors
2. ´s
3. The thing possessed without an article.
“The Way Get Started Is To Quit Talking And Begin Doing.” Walt
Disney
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