Number Rev.

Sheet
Technical 0 1/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023

BEAMS WITH INCREASE OR DECREASE OF SECTION

REDUCTION FROM COLD BENDING
The purpose of this technical report is to indicate technical references for bents in increase
or decrease of section of beams.
 Number Rev. Sheet
Technical 0 2/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023

The fisic behavior of offshore is similar structures to behavior road brigdes, because both have
dynamic forces, which causes its elements to be subject to fatigue.

BENDING PRODUCED FROM COLD FORMED

Advantage

• Strength Increase in the bending region.

The hardening effect is the increase in the interaction between the dislocations, causing more
barriers to be created that impede the movement (plastic deformation) of the crystalline lattice.

• Reduction of termal input in the parts.

Cold Bending in this region reduces the amount of welding and gouging thermal inputs and
consequently the changes in the microstructure do not occur as for example the increase of grain
size.
Disadvantage

• The bending process can generate residual stresses on the material.

The standards of fatigue, quote that residual stresses should not be considered as strength reduction
detail as shown below:

• Fatigue Design.
- For design of an element subject to fatigue must be predicted all possible damages, in the case
studied below is a section girder for runway crane that has plates with yield strength of 345Mpa or
3450kgf /cm2 but depending on the detail (damage) provided for the reduction of resistance arrives
at 83Mpa or 830 kgf / cm2, then it is concluded that the weld is much more prejudicial to the
element subject to fatigue than Cold bending.
 Number Rev. Sheet
Technical 0 3/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023

Below we show possible damage according to ABNT NBR8800:2008 where it is seen that detail of
bent is not show.
Number Rev. Sheet
Technical 0 4/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023
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Technical 0 5/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023

Below we show possible damage according to DNV-RP-C203where it is seen that detail of bent is
not show.
Number Rev. Sheet
Technical 0 6/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023
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Technical 0 7/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023

• Crack opening in the bent region;

The AASHTO is road brigde standard, recomend some items for cold formed parts and quote the
reference work Report No. FHWA/TX-10/0-4624.2 attached. Below are the items:
 Number Rev. Sheet
Technical 0 8/8
Technical Manager / CREA
Daniel Borges de Freitas/RS209023

Conclusion:
Based on the above and considering that the Cold bending produced by METASA
COMPANY are less than 90º (most critical case and evaluated in the work referenced), we
understand that cold bending meet the needs of the project, since their Cold bending will be tested
by visual test more magnetic particle, to prove that there were no cracks during the Cold bending.