18/04/2021

Interesting Stats!!!
PRL41004
Public Relations & Daily social media usage worldwide 2012-2019
Published by J. Clement, Feb 26, 2020

New Media How much time do people spend on social media?

▪As of 2019, the average daily social media usage of internet users worldwide
amounted to 144 minutes per day, up from 142 minutes in the previous year.

TOPIC 1 ▪Currently, the country with the most time spent on social media per day is the
Philippines, with online users spending an average of three hours and 53
INTRODUCTION OF MEDIA minute on social media each day compared to US with just two hours and three
minutes.
▪People access social media for a variety of reasons. Users like to find funny or
entertaining content and enjoy sharing photos and videos with friends, but mainly
use social media to stay in touch with friends..

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The Media in Our Lives

➢Digital 2019 report by HootSuite and We Are Social reveals that the
average internet user spends more than a quarter of their life on the World
Wide Web.
➢Consumers are online an average of 6 hours and 42 minutes each day
whereas mobile devices remain to be a popular mode for connecting to the
digital world.
➢The numbers above equate to more than 100 days of online time for an
average internet user. That is more than 27 percent each year.

6h 42m internet time

➢According to the Digital 2019 report, the
is the world’s average while the USA to fall slightly below 6h
31m.

We consume and create information.

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The media in our lives Media in Changing World

❑ We now live in an information society, which is driven by Conventional media: books, newspapers,
rapid changes in technology. magazines, radio, TV, film
❑ The consumption of info sustains our economy. Impact of digital technology
➢ In US – most of the economic activities involves producing,
processing or distributing information. Merging of mass media
➢ Example: Quibi, launched on April 6th 2020 in US & Canada is tapping into new media forms – e-books/e-magazines,
into the mobile video viewing; whereby all content will be delivered online TV/radio, etc.
in clips of no more than 10mins (quick bites). It aims to keep users
coming back with daily news, sports & entertainment shows, which is
currently harder to produce at a time when studios are closed across
US. [Source: StarLifestyle, 8th April 2020]
➢ Subscriptions will cost US$5 (RM 22) with adverts or US$8 (RM35)
without adverts.

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The rise of the Internetwork
The internet has become almost synonymous
❑
with the concept of new media.
❑ Many pages offer audio & video besides just text
and graphics ~ this exemplify the convergence of
mass media & computer media.
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The rise of the Internetwork
❑Most traditional communications media including
telephone, music, film, and television are reshaped
or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new
services such as Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) ~ delivery of voice communication over the
internet and Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) ~ live TV
(with or without interactivity), catch-up TV and
video-on-demand.
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The rise of the Internetwork
Convergence ~ a broad term used to
❑
describe the emerging of telecommunication
technologies
❑ multiple communication services into a
single network
❑ i.e. Using the net for voice telephony
❑ i.e. Digital video broadcasting
❑ i.e. location based service
The rise of the Internetwork
❑Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to
Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web
feeds.
❑The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human
interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums and
social networking.
❑Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets
and small traders.
Changing Industries
Old media firms tried to dominate new media
in ’90s
These efforts often failed
Rise of Apple, Google, Amazon
Hardest-hit industry:
newspapers. Is the Internet killing
newspapers?
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Changing Lifestyles Previous Media Economics

Online video Mass production, distribution are keys to
economic success.
Online politics
Video games
Profits reaped by producing many copies at low
Conventional media don’t reach young cost.
adults. Why?
◦ New media’s impact on culture, human
Large audiences help media companies recoup
relationships.
first-copy.

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Previous Media Economics Previous Media Economics

Economies of scale Media monopolies
◦ Cut staff, automate, merge ◦ No pressure to be efficient
◦ Reduce marginal costs ◦ Can raise prices and profits
◦ Not invariably bad
Benefits of competition ◦ Can reduce content diversity
◦ Law of supply and demand
◦ Good for consumers: lower prices, better
products

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The New Media Economics The New Media Economics

❑Popular websites on WWW & e-commerce sites
have personalization (personalised content,
customised for individual).
❑Logic behind personalization ~ allows
narrowcasting. Websites targets media to specific
segments of audiences.
Personalization important for advertiser ~
❑
giving them the ability to target ads very
precisely (not only on demographic & lifestyles)
but also to specific people in the market for their
products.
i.e. if someone checking out a site carrying info
❑

❑i.e. Online stores greets their users by their name & on new computers, the next pop-up on the
customise their colour scheme, news topic/services screen might be from a computer manufacturer.
etc according to individual preferences.

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The New Media Economics
❑ Advertisers also use personalized info you
provide when registering for “free” content.
❑ The increase of advertising from web ads often help
cover the cost of running the website; that’s why
online versions of newspapers (TheStar Online) is
free (for selected news), whereby the print version
cost RM1.60.
❑ The Star.com.my also has an unlimited Digital Access
membership for RM9.90/month for all the latest sporting
news & updates.
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Societal functions of the media
❑The media serves important functions in society &
to individuals.
For any society to exist, four (4) basic
❑
communication functions must be performed:
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Societal functions of the media
2. Interpretation (editorials)
~ info is not much use until it is processed,
interpreted & co-related with what we already
know.
~ i.e. newspapers editorial page helps us interpret
the headlines, Internet news groups comments
interpret current events & social trends.
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The New Media Economics
What does this mean for consumers?
❑“Lower prices” but often these bargains are fake so
e-shoppers won’t notice that they are paying full price
(plus shipping & handling fees) for most products they
buy online.
❑i.e. sometimes savings is possible with the purchase
of flight tickets online as compared with those
purchase via travel agents (commission paid to travel
agencies are savings passed onto to consumers)
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Societal functions of the media
1. Surveillance (News)
~ certain media specialize in providing information to
help people with their surveillance of the environment,
alerting them to important events that affects them
directly from increase of petrol prices to bad weather.
~ i.e. websites like TheStar Online, CNN.com act as a
powerful surveillance tool becos its users can seek out
info on topics of interest rather than passively waiting
for the media to bring it to them.
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Societal functions of the media
3. Values transmission / socialization (textbooks
& TV)
~ the media act upon the function of culture, whereby
it passes ideas from one generation to another.
~ the media acts as “storytellers”, teachers & even
parents.
~ i.e. Sesame Street – teaches educational information
~ i.e. Star Wars movies – teaches the values of loyalty
& friendships
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Societal functions of the media
4. Entertainment (movies & internet)
~ the media entertains, usually the top programmes on
network tv have always been entertainment-oriented.
~ even newspapers includes their news & commentary
with entertaining diversions of sports & lifestyle pages.
~ we spend more than 100 days per year being
entertained (listening to music, watching tv comedies,
going for films & “surfing’ the internet for fun).
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Interactive media functions
~ i.e. political discussion groups like
MalaysiaKini.com often come up with their own
(alternate) interpretations of the day’s events,
which are not found in any mainstream media.
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Summary
❑The internet has become an all-purpose medium
through which virtually any societal functions can
be performed: completing commercial
transactions, providing social support, treating
the ill and delivering government services.
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Interactive media functions
Do new media have new functions?
~ the internet has attracted attention for its
function in building & maintaining new “virtual”
communities even cultures.
~ now information is interpreted & correlated by
us through the internet, instead for us by
conventional mass media.
Rising Social Issues
Media violence [i.e. cyberbullying]
Concerns about new media [i.e. fake news]
Isolated lives, terrorist connections
Digital divide
Reading
i) Stranbhaar, J., LaRose, R. & Davenport, L.
(2018). Media Now: understanding media culture
& technology, 10th edition. Boston, MA: Cengage
(Chapter 1 & 2)