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Average and Range Chart
Average and Range Chart
1
Types of control charts.
Control
charts
Variable or Attribute
measurement charts. charts
Average Range
Chart Chart
(X-Bar) (R-Bar)
2
Types of measurement
Measure where the metric is composed of
classification in one of two (or more)
categories is called attribute data.
• Good / Bad
• Yes / No.
Measure where the metric consists of a number
which indicates a prices value is called variable
data.
• time / hours
• Miles / Temperature
3
Average charts
In this chart the sample means are plotted in order to
control the mean value of a variable (e.g., size of piston
rings, strength of materials, etc.)
4
RANGE charts
In this chart, the sample ranges are plotted in order to
control the variability of a variable.
Range chart shows how the range of the subgroups changes
over time.
Simply, Range measures the variability of the process.
5
Variation
• There is no two natural items in any category are the same.
• Variation may be quite large or very small.
• If variation very small, it may appear that items are identical,
but precision instruments will show differences.
SOURCES OF Variation
• Equipment
– Tool wear, machine vibration, …
• Material
– Raw material quality
• Environment
– Temperature, pressure, humadity
• Operator
6
– Operator performs- physical & emotional
Average and Range-Charts Example
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RANGE Chart
SOLUTION
Step 1: For simplicity, we collect only 5 samples. In practice,
more than 20 samples would be desirable. The data are
shown in the following table.
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RANGE Chart
Step 2: Compute the range for each sample by subtracting the
lowest value from the highest value. For example, in sample
1 the range is 0.5027 – 0.5009 = 0.0018 in. Similarly, the
ranges for samples 2, 3, 4, and 5 are 0.0021, 0.0017, 0.0026,
and 0.0022 in., respectively. As shown in the table, R =
0.0021.
0.5027 – 0.5009 = 0.0018
Special Metal Screw
Sample Samples
Number Obs.1 Obs.2 Obs.3 Obs.4 R
1 0.5014 0.5022 0.5009 0.5027 0.0018
2 0.5021 0.5041 0.5024 0.5020 0.0021
3 0.5018 0.5026 0.5035 0.5023 0.0017
4 0.5008 0.5034 0.5024 0.5015 0.0026
5 0.5041 0.5056 0.5034 0.5039 0.0022
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R= 0.0021
RANGE Chart
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Average Chart
Step 1: Compute the mean for each sample. For example, the mean
for sample 1 is
(0.5014 + 0.5022 + 0.5009 + 0.5027)/4 =0.5018
X = 0.5027
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Average and Range-Charts Example
Step 2: Now construct the x-chart for the process average. The average
screw diameter is 0.5027 in., and the average range is 0.0021 in.,
so use x = 0.5027, R = 0.0021, and A2 from Table 5.1 for a
sample size of 4 to construct the control limits:
R = 0.0021 A2 = 0.729 =
x = 0.5027
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9A-15
When ?
• data is collected once per period
• single value measurement
• few units of each product
• individual Values Chart
16
Benefits of Average and Range Charts
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•Help you recognize and understand variability and
how to control it
•. Identify .special causes. of variation and changes in
performance
•. Determine if process improvement effects are
having the desired affects
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