The Philosophy of Education

Rey John B. Rebucas

Who was the tutor/teacher of
Alexander the Great?

ARISTOTLE (l. 384-322 BCE)

Who is generally considered to be
the Father of Western Philosophy?

SOCRATES (469/470-399 BCE)

Who is generally considered to be
the Father of Modern Philosophy?

RENÉ DESCARTES
Who coined the word
“Philosopher”?

PYTHAGORAS OF CROTON
onailuedcat hohlyipspo

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
The Philosophy of Education

Rey John B. Rebucas

 LESSON OBJECTIVES

Define philosophy;

Identify the branches of

philosophy; and

Define philosophy of education.

 PHILOSOPHY AND ITS MEANING

Etymological Definition

 Philosophy comes from the Greek words

philos/philia, meaning “love”, and
sophos/sophia, meaning “wisdom”.
 It is a love of wisdom/knowledge.

 A guide to a way of life.

 PHILOSOPHY AND ITS MEANING

The study of general and fundamental

problems, such as those connected
with existence, knowledge, values,
reason, mind, and language.
Philosophy is a persistent effort of
both ordinary and persistent people
to make life as intelligible and
meaningful as possible. –Branold
 PHILOSOPHY AND ITS MEANING

Philosophy is the tenacious attempt of

reasoning men to think through the
most fundamental issues of life, to
reach reasonable conclusions on first
and last things, to suggest worthwhile
goals that can command loyalty of
individuals and groups.
- Carlis Lamont
 PHILOSOPHY AND ITS MEANING

Philosophy is a persistent attempt to

gain insight into the nature of the
world and of ourselves by means of
systematic reflection.-R.W. Seller
Philosophy is a search of a
comprehensive view of nature, a
rational attempt at a universal
explanation of things.-Henderson
 PHILOSOPHY AND ITS MEANING

Philosophy is a group of perennial

problems that interest people and for
which philosophers always have sought
answers.
Philosophy is the ability to feel at
ease in any society.-Aristippus
Philosophy is the sum of a person’s
fundamental beliefs and convictions.
-Harold Titus
 DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHER

According to Plato, philosopher

is the one who has a taste for
every sort of knowledge and who
is anxious to learn and is
never satisfied, being in
search of new ideas, new
knowledge with the help of
growing wisdom.
GOAOYXLI

AXIOLOGY
 AXIOLOGY: Value Theory

Comes from Greek words axios,meaning

“worthy” and logos, meaning
“science/study”.
The study of the nature, types, and
criteria of values and of value
judgments especially in ethics.
Nature of Value: Is value a fulfillment
of desire, a pleasure, a preference, a
behavioral disposition, or simply a
human interest of some kind?
 Sensory-Emotional
AXIOLOGY: Values

Principles and values are divided

into two main kinds:
 ETHICS

 AESTHETICS
 ETHICS: Science of Morality

The study the questions of moral &

personal values and problems:(1)the
rightness and wrongness of actions,(2)
the kinds of things which are good or
desirable, and (3) whether actions are
blameworthy or praiseworthy.
Within morality and ethics there are
three major areas: descriptive
ethics, normative ethics, and
meta-ethics.
 MAJOR AREAS OF ETHICS

DESCRIPTIVE/APPLIED ETHICS
 The conduct of individuals, or
personal morality; the conduct of
groups, or social morality; and the
culture patterns of national and
racial groups.
 It deals with the ways moral outcomes
can be achieved in specific
situations.
 MAJOR AREAS OF ETHICS

NORMATIVE ETHICS
 It deals with the practical means of

determining a moral course of action.

CRITICAL OR META-ETHICS
 It deals with the theoretical meaning
and analysis reference of moral
propositions and how the truth
values determined reasoning to
justify ethical statements.
 AESTHETICS: Art and Beauty

Explores the creation and appreciation

of beauty through critical analysis and
reflection on art, culture and nature.
The study of value in the arts or the
inquiry into feelings, judgments of
sentiment, or standards of beauty,
sense, taste, and emotion.
YEPGOILSOTME

EPISTEMOLOGY
 EPISTEMOLOGY: Knowledge

Studies the sources, nature, scope,

limits and validity of knowledge and
truth.
Investigates the origin, structure,
methods, and integrity of knowledge.
Central Questions: What are the sources
of knowledge? Where does genuine
knowledge come from or how do we
know? Is our knowledge valid?
 SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE

AUTHORITATIVE KNOWLEDGE-based on
information received from the experts,
books, teachers, and etc. Its strength
depends on the strength of these sources.
EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE-based on demonstrable,
objective facts (which are determined
through observation and/or
experimentation).
 SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE

LOGICAL KNOWLEDGE-arrived at by reasoning

from “point A” (which is accepted) to
“point B” (the new knowledge).

INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE-takes forms such as

belief, faith, intuition, etc. It is based
on mere feelings rather than facts.
OICGL

LOGIC
 LOGIC: Rules for Thinking

Study of the systematic principles of

valid inference and correct reasoning or
thinking rationally.
Inferences are made by construction of
arguments.
RULES OF LOGIC-determine which arguments
are VALID and which are FALLACIES.
 TYPES OF REASONING

INDUCTIVE REASONING- It involves

constructing or evaluating propositions
that are abstractions of observations of
individual instances of members of the
same class.
 TYPES OF REASONING

DEDUCTIVE REASONING-an argument is

constructed by showing that a conclusion
necessarily follows from a certain set
of premises. Such an argument is called
a syllogism.
SEMCTIPASYH

METAPHYSICS
 METAPHYSICS: Nature of Reality

Concerned with explaining the nature of

reality.
For Aristotle, it is a comprehensive
thinking about the nature of things.
Explores the fundamental nature of
reality and being (existence, objects,
properties, space and time,
and cause and effect).
 BRANCHES OF METAPHYSICS

ONTOLOGY-it investigates the basic

categories of being, how they relate to
each other and the systematic account of
existence.
COSMOLOGY-it is the study of the
totality of all phenomena within the
universe.
 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Historically, philosophical concerns

have been treated under these four main
categories:

1. AXIOLOGY(Ethics & Aesthetics)

2. EPISTEMOLOGY
3. LOGIC
4. METAPHYSICS
5. OTHER BRANCHES
 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHIES

PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS-the study of

government and nation, particularly how
they came about, what makes good
governments, what obligations citizens have
towards their government and so on.
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW- also called
jurisprudence, branch of philosophy
that investigates the nature of law,
especially in its relation to human
values, attitudes, practices, and
political communities.
 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHIES

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-concerned with the

philosophical examination of the
postulates and conclusions of different
sciences.
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-the philosophical
appraisal of human religious attitudes
and the analyses of religious concepts,
beliefs, terms, arguments, and practices
of religious adherents.
EDUCATION AND ITS MEANING

In literary sense, education owes its

origin to the three Latin words:
Educare- means ‘to nourish’, ‘to
bring up’, ‘to raise’
Educere- means ‘to bring forth’, ‘to
draw out’, ‘to lead out’.
Educatum- means- ‘the act of
teaching and training’
 EDUCATION AND ITS MEANING

Education is a dynamic process, which

involves the interplay of the educator,
students and the social forces to make
an individual socially adjustable and
responsible.-AS Hirschy
It involves the growth and development
of the individual in relation to his
environment to enhance an
individual’s personality to
reach out the world.- CJ Hopwood
 EDUCATION AND ITS MEANING

Education is the formal process by which

society deliberately transmits its
accumulated knowledge, skills, customs
and values from one generation to
another.-Yekini Lawal
An instrument of social change but is
also viewed as the best investment for
the future.-Lawrence Tomei
 INTERDEPENDENCE

Philosophy and Education are like the

sides of a coin, presenting different
views of the same thing, and that one is
implied by the others.-James Ross

Education without philosophy would mean

a failure to understand the precise
nature of education.-Giovanni Gentile
 INTERDEPENDENCE

Education is a laboratory in which

philosophical distinctions become
concrete and are tested.
- John Dewey

The aim of education will never

attain complete clearness
without philosophy.
-Johann Fichte
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

The application of the fundamental

principles of a philosophy of life to
the work of education.

The academic field of applied

philosophy which offers a definite set
of principles and establishes a definite
set of aims, goals and objectives.
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

Philosophy of education is a statement (or set

of statements) that identifies and clarifies
the beliefs, values and understandings of an
individual or group with respect to education.
It serves to inspire and direct educational
planning, programs and processes in any given
setting.
It influences what subjects or topics are
taught, how they are taught, and the supporting
beliefs and values that are taught, both
implicitly and explicitly, within and around
the core curriculum.
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS 

“CIANEODTU WITHOUT
PHILOSOPHY IS LDBNI AND
PHILOSOPHY WITHOUT
EDUCATION IS
LIINDAV”
-Thomas,1968
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS 

“EDUCATION WITHOUT
PHILOSOPHY IS BLIND
AND PHILOSOPHY WITHOUT
EDUCATION IS
INVALID”
-Thomas,1968
 REFERENCES & RESOURCES

Curley, E. (1973).“Experience in Spinoza’s Theory of Knowledge” in Spinoza: A

Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Marjorie Grene, (Garden City, NY:
Doubleday/Anchor Press, 1973), 25-59. Retrieved from
http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/ResearchMethods/RM_1_02.html
on August 15, 2019
Encyclopedia Britannica.(2019). The Divisions and Definition of Philosophy.
Philosophy,” Encyclopedia Britannica (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1911) Vol. 21. Retrieved from https://philosophy. lander.edu/
intro/what.shtml on August 11, 2019
Lynch, M. (2006). What You Need To Know As An Educator: Understanding The 4 Main
Branches Of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://www.theedadvocate.org/need-
know-education-understanding-4-main-branches-philosophy/ on August 13, 2019
Watkins, K. (2001). Tip0003: Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning. Retrieved from
https://www.tes.com/lessons/UnvWH40pdXDAxA/tip0003-deductive-vs-inductive-
reasoning on August 16, 2019
Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-5-main-branches-of-philosophy on
August 16, 2019
Retrieved from https://https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/axiology on
August 16, 2019