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Apapbl, MO HATHCKOM TIOPOK MPOABHraach 0 CeBepHBIM TIpHKacriuiicKHM, a 3aTeM MpHyepHOMOPCKUM OGNacTAM, CMAN asIaHoB HM aHTOB. B yesoM aBap- CKHH KaranaT 3aHMMa% HeonpesetenHo Sonbmyi0 Mu0Maab BOCTOUHO! Esponsi uv yactu AsMH. Oxpana rpanuy BocroaHo-pumckol ammepHl B cepegune VI B. Kak B AdpHxe, TAK KB A3HH, a TarOKe H rpaHAMOsHble COopyKeHHA, BOSBORMBUIMecA Mp FOcTH- uMave B pasHbIX MeCTAX UMTepHH, MpUBOMIM K OcKygeHMO KasHEI. Urobut YAePKATb 10 BOSMOPKHOCTH HMMepHio B PaBHOBECUM, MPUXOLKNOCh NelicTBOBATh 170. Kyaakoecxuii, Mcropua Busanran, 7. 1, erp. 492. 2Menander Protector. Fragm. 10. Fragmenta historicorum graecorum. Ed. Maller, t. IV, pp. 205-206. © Ibid., Fr. 18, p. 226. 4 Johannes Malalas. Chronographia, p. 489. 5 Theophanes. Chronographia, p. 232. 5 Joh. Ephes. 6, 24, pp. 276, 324. *Menander, Fr. 9, p. 205. * Ibid., Fr. 9, p. 205.30 H. B. MMryEBCKAA He TONSKO AMMIOMATHYeCKMM IyTeM, HO H OTKYTIATECA OT arPeCCHBHLIX H BOHH™ cTBeHHEIx coceneli. JA Toro yTOObI He CONepyKATL Ha rpaHye CAMUKOM Gomb- moro KOTHYecTBa BOCK, TpaBUTesIbCTBO HMMePpMH CTPeMHAOCh OrpaHHuHTbCA BOlicKaMH THNa elepaTOB WIM BOSOWKHT MorpanMyny!o cTropoKeBylo cayKOy Ha TulaTHble BapBapcKMe APyKMHBI. ArpeccHBHEIX cocedeli UPMxoAMMoch 3ana0- puparb, OMiayBatb, u IOcTMHMaH Hec GonbUIMe pacxoxs, MOKyNaa pacnono- oKeHHe, HAMpHMep, aBapCKHX BOAMelt. Voann Etpecckuit rogoput, 47 aBapbl «MOABHUIMCh B poMelickUx Mpemetax nipu JOcTHHMaHe, MpuyeM MocuaIM K HeMy MOCTOB, KOTOPEIX OH UleMpO OLApHT. OH mocnam wepes HMX NOfapKH M MX BORUAMD.1 Ca0B0 «ri8» (rom0Ba, rmaBa) B CMpulicKOM ABIAeTCA OObIYHBIM OOO3HaYeHHEM JIA BePXYLIKH 3HATHBIX, Wid Welixos, B apabcKom rocygapcrse raccaHHjos, Hamuavie stot BepxylikH MpH Karane Baave oryacru Obio enje Hacneqnem PogoBoro cTpoA, KOrfa B BOeHHOM rocymapcTBe crapuMHa MM riiaBa poxa HayUuHal MmpuoOperars HOBOe sHayenMe. 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Ho lOcrun II, HeqOBOsHEIM Tem, YTO OHH TOKO «OepyT H YHOCAT? 43 rOcyJapcTBeHHO KasHBI, OOouleNCA C HUMH CyPOBO, CUMTad, YTO OTHBINe OHH OyLyT NOMyYATh TOMbKO BOsHarparxkienne 3a chy xby, a OTHIONS He JaHb.® I’peyeckuli UcTOPHK rOBOpUT, YTO OHM BePHYJTch BO-CBOACH HH c ¥eM. Bovlee cyujecTBeHHble MO_poOHOcTH cooGmaeT CupHell, KOTOPBIM pac- ckasbibaer, YTO BOSMYINCHHEIM gepsocTbio asapos JOcTHH MbITAICA 3aHAT Gonee TRepAY10 NOSMUMIO 110 OTHOMIEHMIO K HUM: «BbI, MepTBbIe NIChI, CMeeTe yrpO- 2KATh poMelickomy wapcTBy? 3Halire, yTO @ MpHKarxy COPHTh BaM BOIOCHI, 1 Joh. Ephes., 6, 24, p. 324. 2 Tbid., p. 324. *Menander, Fr. 63, 66, pp. 267—268. « Ybid., Fr. 14, p. 218. 5 Joh. Ephes., 6, 24, pp. 324—325. *Menander, Fr. 14, pp. 218-219. 7 Joh. Ephes, 6, 24, p. 325. 'Menander, Fr. 14, p. 219.ABAPDbI H CABAHE B CHPHMICKOM MCTOPHOrPAoHH 3t a 3aTeM CHUMY BaM ronosbly.1 Tlocne Toro OH NPHKasaq CXBaTHTS HX, OpocuTD. B JONKM M BbIBesTH M3 ropoga. Mx yBesmH B XamKelou, re OHM Opi «cBA- 3aHBbl HM 3aKMOUeHM B KOMMYeCTBe 0KO010 300 MyrKelZ. Moanny M3BecTHO eule, 47TO K HUM UpHcTaBusin «BOlicKO CO CKPUOGOHAMH HM CXOMAPHAMH, KOTOPBIe cTe- persia HX B TeveHHe WecTH Mecayesy.? KocBentoe 1o_TBepyxXJeHHe NPUMeHEHHA Pempeccuit K aBapaM MOKHO BUAeTh B cTOBax MeHaHApa 0 TOM, ¥TO aBapHt AODKHEL OBL ObITh CYACTAMBKI TeM, ITO YUH 2KMBLIMM M3 KoncranTHHonons.® Hakonell MpHxasano Gsi10 ornycruTb aBapos, H OcTuH II eme mpurposmn uM: «,Ecm € yBwKY Koro-HHOyab H3 Bac 3MeCb WIM BMOeM rOcysapcTBe, TO BbI He OcTaHeTeCb B DKUBBIX“, OHH UCIYrasuch, YULTH H Ooslee eMy He NOKASBIBASHCb), Bekope aBapbl MOMBITAIHCb BHOBb 3BASATb AUMIOMATHYECKHe OTHOUICHHA, «0Oe- Waa BEINONHHTb TO, YTO OH (uMMepaTop) puKarxeT». Muaye roBops, ORM corma- WANMCh CAY KAT BocrouHo-puMcKol MMMepHH HM «OCTAIMCh APY2KeCTBEHHEIMHE YOcTuny Bo Bce ero AHH. Tak M aBapbI Npogenany oOpyHbI MyTh BapBapcKOrO Hapola, MpHXO_MBUIero B COMpHKOCHOBeHHe c PuMoM, a 3aTeM BusaxTuelt. Co cBOeli CTOPOHLI W POMeH OBLIM CKOHHBE K ApyoKOe, MOTOMy ¥TO aBapbI, «OyayuH HapowOM MOryaMM, Gonee GoraTsIM, YeM MHOTHe ceBePHble HapoNbl, NOAUMHH ceOe HX HM YHHYTOKMIM ux». B uvcie MOKOpeHHBIX HaXxOTHJcb M renHaH. Apapsl «Hamam Ha ApyroH Moryauit Hapod, remHqOB, yHMYTOKWI HX, 3aBsa- Res UX OOMACTHIO, NOCeMHINCh M PACHONOMNHCb Ha xopouleit semster.® You- Tene aBapoOB IPHHANO, ofHaKO, HOKeTaTeMBAble AA BusanTHM pagmepsl. B 970M YCHHeHMM He MOcHeqHIOO pOsb cHITpanM @paHKCKHe rocyJapcTsa. Tlo MaTepwasam HcTOWHHKOB MO)KHO C YBePeHHOCTbW CKa3aTb, YTO aBapbi ofpa~ waJiich K BusanTHM He TOKO c TpedoBaHHeM SOm0Ta: HM ODUM TaIoKe Heob- XODMMBI MpPOAyKTS NMTanHA MK bypax. B npHMMTMBHBIX yCNOBHAX KOUeBOH KUSH ABAPCKHe OpyB camu AOGLIBaNH ceGe BCe HEOOXOMUMOE, a B HOBBIX YCJI0~ BAX, Te cTabuMMsaA OKasallach HeusOexKHOM, 9TH NOTpeOHOCTH He Mor OnITD. YAOBeTBOPeHBL Oe3 MOMONIM M coxelicTBHA co CTOPOHBI. BocToyHo-pHMcKad MMIepHa Ha cBOelt ceBepo-sanaqHok rpaHHue MpHyep- dkUBaNaCh TOM Ke TONMTHKH, KaK UB ASHM, T. e. CTPeMusacb chopmupoBaTS ANA 3auTbl rpaHuy HeOombume Gyepyble rocynapcrBa WIM HCTOmb30BaTS MeCTHBle MeMeHa B KayecTBe ceLepaToB, Oxpausloulux Teppuroputo. Kancapiit HOBEI Hapog, MpPHXo_UBUMMit B cOMpHKOcHOBeHHe Cc BusauTHeli, ucuepmaB cBOH HACTYTIATebHBIe CMOCOGHOCTH, cTpeMWIcA MpUOOpecTH ee MOLepKKY HM CTaTb B MOTOKeHHe colosHHKa. Ilo NOABNeHMA aBapoR TaKOe NOMOPKeHMe 3aNsUIK Ha seBom Gepery [yHaa renmypl, B KOTOPEIX WaHrobapycKui Kopomb AnpOyaHoc BUDE MpellATCTBKe LIA CBOOOMHOTO HApyMeHMA rpaHHy HMMepHH C TeM, YTOObI rpaduTs B CKupun u Opaxuu.’ Heqosonbubit Busantueli apapcxuit Karan Baan CTPeMHJICA 3ABAZATb CHOMMeHHA C KOpOeM @panKoB CurusdepTom. Tlobyansa €F0 K 3TOMY HeBOSMO)KHOCTb MOMYGHTb OT UMMepHH HeOOXoAUMOe MPOLOBOAb- cTBHe. Curu3epT 2Ke BbIaI aBapcKOMY BOlcKy HeOOXOMMbIe NIPHMAChI B BUTE MYKH, OBOUIeli, OBey HM ObIKOB, TAK KaK aBapbI TeplemH CHIH ronoy.’ Jlax- robapgb Buse B renusax BparkteSuyl0 curly, Tem Gosee onacnyi0, ¥TO rellu- AOB NOMepxKMBana BusaHTua; MOsTOMy OHM CTPeMMMIMCh MosLepxaTe aBapos MW MOCTpeKamM WX K HallajeHHio Ha renMqoB, BOsrmaBamembix KOHHMyHIOM. 3axBaTMB 3eM10 renMJoB, Tanrobapye WOLyYWAM BO3MOKHOCTh Ges TOMexX 3aXOLHTb ruyOKe BO BialeHMA MMMepuH Vy, CUleMOBATeNIbHO, BbIMOraTh HIM 3aXBaTHIBAaTh AOObIay.s C Apyrol CTOPOHEI, M MMIePHA KCKAIa HOBBIX COKOSHHKOB: 1 Joh Ephes., 6, 24, p. 325. 2 Ybid., p. 325. ?>Menander, Fr. 14, p. 219. Joh. Ephes., 6, 24, pp. 325-326. Tbid., p. 326. : Menander, Fr. 24, p. 230. +, Fr. 23,'p. 230. bid., Fr. 24,’ p. 230. ‘ 5 6 77 sy32 H, B. NWTYIEBCKAA H OHA Hala ux B Nuue TIOpOK. [ocneqHHe MoraM OKasbIBaT MOMZeEpKKy BuszanTHH TOKO B BOCTOUHEIX OGacTax. Papubim o6pasom cows 3TOT OBIT HanpapseH mpoTas Mpava, HO yacTb aBapckKHX Opa WaXOMMIACh TOA BIACTEIO TiopoK. Tlocnexune, mp saKsuoveHHM corsa c Bocrouno-pumcKoit uMnepuelt, TOCTABHJIM YCJIOBHe «He IPHHHMATS aBapon», T. e. Te, MpHMepHo, 20 000, Koro- pble «HexKasiM» OT TIOPOK. Tlo aynaiickow rpaHMue ONOpHAIM rocyyapcrBom jist BusanTHH Obi remus. Owm sanumanu oGnacru mo JteBomy Gepery [yHan, B cpeqHem ero TeweHMM, M MpescTaBiamM cowsHHKos KoHcTaHTHHoTOs. KoHMMYyHA yaepyxu- Bast 3a cOOo# XOpomo yKpereHHEI ropog Cupmuym mM OOnacTH M0 pase. Mcny- TaHHbIli COI30M aHrOOapoB c aBapaMH, OH OOpaTHICA 3a MOMOUIbIO K MMMe- paropy lOcruuy, oGemjaa BosBpaTuTb Cupmuym. Ho Taxoe oemlanue aBanoch He B MepBbiii pag M MoTOMy He Bo3s6y>Kqam0 AOBepuaA. Tak KaK ABApEI crropamM 06 ycmOBMAX CO13a C AaHrobapyamu,? TO NOcHeAHMe OOpaTHJMcb C MOCOMbCTBOM k FOctuny. Ho BoeHHo nomommM He NOAyaMNIM HM Te, HM Apyrue.? CHHrHAOH, Haxo_MBUHiica mpH BnageHun Casbl B ynalt, w CupmMuyM, Kak HOrpaHHuHbli Topo, MpuBNeKTH K ceOe BHAM:HHe aBapos. Ccbiasicb Ha TO, yTO TOpod MpHHanTeKaNn renugam, oOnacTa KoTopErx GpLIM yoKe 3axBayeHbl apapamu, Karan Baa TrpeOopan Cupmuym cee, Tak KaK K STOMy BpeMeHH TOpoOs BHOBb ObL1 B pyKax pomees. []poxonuit Kecapulicxult yrsepxqaet, yTo B erO BPeMA FeNHAL 3AHMMANM gem 10 O6e cropontt Mcrpa (Tynan), ropoga CuurMon u Cupmuym.* B apyrom MectTe OH MoRTOpsAcT, YTO relIMab 3axBaTHIK ropog CHpMMyM M XBaJIMJIMCb, ¥TO pasopumH Tau, TAK Kal TOTbI, KOTOPBIX OHM 10 Toro BpemMeHH Oomnnch, ObIM craObI, A PoMen OBIT OTBIeUCHB! BOHHOH 8 Mraanu.* B KoveqHom cueTe M CupmuyM x Bea OOacTb Tlakun Obi B pyKax renujos.5 BopbOa MeKLy remuqamu u Jlanrodapnamu Ha Oeperax Tynaa Onima JIMTeNbHOW, Beach C MepeMeHHBIM ycllexoM, H KaKNaA CTOpoHa HacTOHIMBO CTPeMMIaCh YBCIMIHTh TeppHTOPHIO 3axBayeHHbIX OOMAcTeit 3a cueT Apyroit.® Apaps cTpeMMMch K JaibHelimemy yKpermenmo rio Tywaw. Mx nonsirKa B3ATb CMpMHyM MIpHcTyMOM OTHOCHTCA ene K 568 r. Korgja 9T0 He yaanoce, KaraH Baan, oGocuopapumitca B obmacTax renugoB, monbiranca goOuTECA cBoero apyrum nyTem. Io ero mpuKasy AecaTs ThICAY FYHHOB-KYTPHrypOoB Hepe- wm Capy wu pasopunu Jlanmaruw.? Ko ppemexu Toro xxe IOcTHHa, cieqoBa- TembHO 20 578 r., OTHOCHTCA MOcMaHHOe aBapaMH APy?KeCTBeHHOe MOCOMbCTBO, KOTOPOe MIPOCHO AT (MeXAHUKOB M CrpouTetet», AA Toro yTOOb MOCTPOUTb Gani H aBoper Karany. Ux npocbOa Obra yopneTsopeHa. Korga uckycHble BUZaHTHIicKHe MACTepa 3AKOHYMAM MOCTPOMKM M CTANM NpOCHTS OTMyCTUTS HX AOMOH, TO TYT, KaK TOBOPHT UCTOUHHK, KaraH aOOHaPy>KHI CBOIO JDKMBOCTbY. Yrpoxkad MeuOM, OH NPHKasan MacTepaM MepeKHHYTb «MocT yepes Lynali, qTOOI MBI MOrIM MepexoguTh KOrMa MopKenaem».® Mactepa cranM OTKasbI- BaTBCA, TAK Kak, 10 HX MHCHHHO, TIPHKAs GLUT TexHMYecKH HeBIMOAHUM. «Hak MODKHO H KaK KOorga-s1HO0 OyfeT BOSMOKHO NepeKHHYTb MOCT Yepes PeKY, 10106- uy!0 Mop?» J[pyrum ux apryMeHTOM ObLTO TO, 4TO HoAOOHOe coopy>KeHHe ObL10 OBI «HaMpaBreHo MpoOTHB pomelicKoro rocyHapcrBa» mM CTpouTeNH 10- HeCIM 6b 3a 9TO HaKa3aHMe OT HMMeparopa. J[BOuM M3 poMecB GEM OTpyG.IcHEL YONOBB, OCTANbHbIe MO CTPAXOM CMePTH COrTaCHJIMCh BbITOJHHTh MpHKas. Onn norpeOosan MHoro «GonbUIOrO M TBepsOrO epeBar. MHOrKecTBO Hapogza Ibid., Fr. 25, p. 234. Tbid. Procopius. De bello vandalico, I, 2. Ed. Haury, p. 311. Procopius. De bello gothico, lil, 34, pp. 447—448. Ibid. 33, p. 443. Ibid., 34, p. 444. Menander, Fr. 27, pp. 231-232, 233. Joh. Ephes., 3, 24,’p. 326.EB_1941_AKS 388 ABAPDI H CJIABAHE B CHPHACKOR MCTOPHOrPA@HA 33 SbiN0 MocMaHO B Aec BbIpyOHTh COOTBeTCTBYHOUIMe JepeBbA, H MacTepa «mocta- Pasch HM HepeKHHYIH BecbMa KpellKHit Mocts.1 caxt stor Moann Eibecckuit orHocuT K 580 r., Tak KaK OH HasbiBaeT 3-% rox mpaBnenua TuBepua, mocre cmepTH IOctuna.? Takaa TOuHOcTh 6bi1a HeOOXo_uMa, TAK KaK elle IPH 9KH3HH TocieqHero B TeveHHe YeTEIpex NeT TuBepuit couapcrBoBaT eMy B KayecTBe Kecapa,? 4 3T0 MOO NOCIYKHTS K HeNPABHIHOMY HCYHCMeHHIO NeT ero wap- crBopanvsa. O mocTpolike Mocta u3BecTHO H Mewanapy, MpHyeM OH yKasbIBaeT Ha er0 MecTOHaxOpKeHHe Ha CaBe, MeKAy CHHrHMOHOM mM Cupmuem.* Cupuii- ‘CKHIL HCTOUHHK FOBOPHT, 4TO STHM COGHTHeM ObLIM BeCbMa OrOpyerb! HMnepaTop H aBCe FOCYMAPCTBOs M YTO AeNATMCh BCATECKHe MOMBITKH PasPylIMT MocT, HO «cpasy He CMOrsIM 3TOro cemaTb». ABapbI, 3aXBATHB MOCT, 432CeNM» H, yrpo- Kad PagopeHHem pomelickux oOnacTeli, TpeFoBamn, yTOOb HM ObLI oTAaH Cup- MHYM «Ha 9TOM Gepery pekH, ¥TOOBI NOcemMTECA B HeM». Oquaxo Tupepuit He COPMacHJIcA OTAATh BaKHBIM crpaTerMyecKH MYHKT Ha rpaHuye. [pasuremb- TBO BocrowHo-pumckol MMMepun crazo coOuparb Bolicka H «cieqUTb, Korga HACTYNMT BPeMA, YTOOLI MOKHO ObILTO BecTH BOHHY>, MHave TOBOpA —~ BADKHAaTS GxaronpuATHOrO ANA HaCTyIMeHHA BpeMeHH. VUntepeco coodujenve cuputickoro McTOpuKa, YTO POMeH 4MOCTPOMK TaIOKe Apyroii MocT, “ero, Kak rOBOpAT, Mperke He OEINO, cleNamH OHM STO roTOBACh K T0xomys.5 Ho K STOMy BpeMeHH HOBHIe OGcromTenbcTBa sactapunu Busan- ‘THO HaNpaBHTb OPjbl aBapOB Tak, YTOOBI OHH LelicTBOBAIH B HuTepecax 3allHTH MMMepHH. Ha gT0T pas HanOonee onacHErM, BparoM CTaqH claBaAHe. VispecrHo, uro rpeveckve MMcaTesIM HasHIBaTIM ClaBaH CKaBeHamH. CHDHI- ckHe NMcaTeNIM yiepyKasM STO HaSBaHMe, TPaHCKPHOUPYA eF0 C AONOMHNTENHEIM asepom Briepen Tpex cormacnbrx, esklabine. [px lOcTune cnapAHcKHe nowHMa Npowsmm pakww uv, MocTHrHyB gomrow creubl, rposaiM cTomuue. B Hayare npaBmenud THBepHsA [py KecTBeHHble MpeAIOKeHHA aBapos ObimH NPHHATH H MX BOCHHbIe CHUIbI ObUIM HaNpaBTeHbl MPOTHB CllaBAH, OT HallasleHMa KOTOPHIX CTPaq@win BHZAHTHIicKMe IIPOBHHUMH Ha BanKarickom momyocrpose. Coobmenna cupuiickoro ucropMorpada mo sToMy BorIpocy uMeloT OcOby10 YeHHOCTb, TAK KaK OH TOYHO JATHPYer MOXOJb CABAL M YTBEPACLAeT, YTO OHH He MpecienoRAIH ONY JHU rpadHTenbcKy}W Welb — IpHMMTHBHOe OGoramenHe 3a cueT KOONTH. M3 ero cooOuleHHa AcHO, ¥TO CHaBaHe WMeNH Webi 3aHATh TeppHTOpHKO H cyMemH o6uTEcA cBoero. «B TpeTHi rox Moe CMepru MMMepaTopa HOcTHHA, B YaPCTBOBaHKe HMMepaTopa TuBepuA, BbILeT MPOKMATHI HapO, CKMABeHBL M Npomin Bc Srmany, obmactu beccanonuKu H BcIo paxuio. Onn saxBaTHsH MHOFO TOPOAOB M KpellocTei, OMycTOUMIH, COKTM, NONOHHAM ¥ NOAWHHHIK ce6e [sty] oOnacTb u nocenHmMch B Heli cBOGORHO, 6e3 cTpaxa, Kak B CBOeH cobcTBeHHOH. STO Mpo_omKaoch B TeYeHMe JeT yeTbIpex, MOKA HMMepaTOp ObIT 3aHAT BOHHOH c MepcaMM H BCe CBOH BOHCKa MOcbiaN Ha BOcTOKD.® HicTo- PUK BHsaHTHHCKOH OpHenTaynM, CTPacTHbIi M HeTepnevMBbl cHpHell, at Bpa- TaM HMM€PWH OMMTET «MpOKIATHIED. Ero ykasaHHe Ha TO, YTO OCHOBHaA Macca Bolick Bu3anTvm Osi1a HaNpaBteHa Ha BOCTOWHYH rpaHHUy, MOATBepyKLaeTcA M BCeMH PyTHMM MCTOWHHKAaMH. PasBuBan H jlayee cBOe MONOKeHKe, Woanx roBopuT: «nosTomy [T. e, MOTOMY, YTO Ha OTOH rpaHHue He 6n110 OcTaToyHOrO KOsMYECTBA BOLcK] OHH PaclOOKWIMCh Ha STO seMNe, MOceMMMUCh Ha Heli M WHPOKO packMHynHcb, NoKa Gor HM MonycKas». Mx Hamop Ha BastkaHckom nomyOcTpoBe Mepectat ObITh BPeMeHHBIM ABMeHHeM, OH CTA MOCTOAHHDIM. B TeveHHe HecKONBKMX JleT cKJaBeHH PacllopmKaTHCh Ha BasKalcKOM Mosy- » Ioid., 3, 24, p. 326. 2 Ibid. * Ibid., p. 327. -Menander, Fr. 37, p. 240. «“Menander, Fr. 64, p. 266. § Joh. Ephes., 3, 24, p. 327. * Ybid., 6, 25, p. 327. Copercxoe socroxonesenne IT 334 H. B. TIMTYEBCKAA OCTPoBe, KOHM YHHYTOKAI, KTM, Opal B MOMOH 40 caMO BHeMHeH cTeHBIn. B. 4x 06brMe BAAHOe MECTO 34HUMAM CKOT, OHH 3aXBaTHM «MHOFO THCAY Wap- cKMX Ta6yHoB [KOHCKHX] H BcsiKHX Apyrux». Moann Eqecckuii, ropopa 0 Sorat- cTBe CTaBAH, YKasbiBaeT, YTO «OHH pasOoraTeNH, MMeloT 30N0TO H Cepedpo, Ta6yHbI KoHeli M MHOrO OpyxKuay.+ TpeyeckHit HcTOpuK OTHOCUT ux HaNafenne K 4-my rosy TuBeplia H roBOpHT, YTO «cHaBAHCKMA HapON» B KOMIMYeCTBe OKONG 100 000 yenopex onycroman bpaxuio.? Y300unne never B seme CKTaBeH On OOACHAeT TeM, UTO CNABAHe «U3sqaBHay rpadun pomees.? HecomHeHHo, npu- MUTHBHOe OGoramlenMe 3a cueT ROOEIUM COCpeAOTOYHNO B pyKax NpaBamelt Bep- XYWIKH UeHHble MeTAJUIbI H CKOT. Opy2KHe H KOHM YCHJIMBAJIH AX BOeHMY0 MOUIb, HO GoNee Bcero BOSMYUaeT CHPHHicKOrO NCTOPHKA TO, «4TO CKIABeHbI H 10 cero BPeMeHM, 0 FOMa BOCeMbCOT MeBAHOCTO MATOTO, PacnONOKUICch U >KHByT CHOKOHHO B poMelicKUX O6macTAx, 6e3 saGor M cTpaxa». 895 r. no rpeyeckomy WcuvcHeHMo cooTBeTcTByeT 584 r. H. 9, ECM COMOcTaBHTb Be LaTH, KOTOpHIe ¥M JaHbI: 3-H rod UapcTBoBanMaA TuBepma, CulenoBaTenbHO 580 r. (y MeHanapa 4-ti), ux pa360n B TeveHve YeTBIPex NeT u rom 584, TO Bce 9TH NaHHble cXOLATCA. B counnenuu Moanna nocnequaa ynomunaeman uM Jata — 585 ron. Toyom ero CMepTH TIpHHATO CuHTaTh 585 un 586 r., clle_OBaTeNbHO, Ooree NOsAHHX CBe~ JeHuii on H He Mor JaTb. Hashipas cK1aBeH «rpyObIMM» JIOAbMH, OH MMeeT B BURY TO, 4TO OHH Onin HapOOM H€ UMBUIH30BaKHEIM, BapBaPCKMM, He MMeBITHM CHelMaNbHBIX CTPaTeryecKHX M TAKTHYeCKHX HaBbIKOB. OHH He OcMeMBaNHch. @OKASbIBATBCA BHE MecOB M 3allMIeHHbIX AepeBbamu [Mect]». Bomee Toro, STM BapBaphl «ake He 3HANM, YTO TaKOe opyrkHe». EMMHCTBeHHO, 4eM ORM MONb3OBAIUCh, Ob HECKONbKO BUOB KOMbA JA MeTaHHA MIM APOTUKH, HsBect- Hble B rpevecKO BOeHHOM TepMUHONOrHH, Kak oyydéro..4 Oguako K TOMY BPeMeHM, Kora OwM cram rpo30% BanKayckoro momy- OCTPOBa HM 3aB0eBANM BOSMO)KHOCTb OKUTb CHOKOMHO» B oOnacTH BusaHTHu, OHM Obi y>Ke «OOyYeHbI BOeBATb Goee, YeM POMEH), NO NpHsHaHMi0 Toro 7KE Moana.’ 3a noncroveTHa cBoux moxogoB Ha BusaHTHH0, cTHYeK ¢ aBapaMH HM Apyrumn Hapojamu, cnaBake MpuoOpesM HOBbIe TeXHHYeCKHe HABbIKM BeeHMA BOMHEI M MCTIONb3OBAaTU MX AA TOTO, YTOOkI MPHMeHATH UX MPOTHB poMecB. Mx Ooecnocobwocrh, xpabpoctb, cusla, — BOT, YTO BBISbIBAO HeyOBONLCTBHE McTOpMKa, KoTOpsIli HcIBITAaN Bech crpax M yoKac Mepel ux mpUuOnurxeHHem K cTomMue. YerseHHe ClaBAH BbISBAN0 ABHKeHMe aBaPOB M HeKOTOpBle Mmocma- GneHHA wM co cropoHI BusanTun. )Ketaa pasmenatbca co claBaNaMM pyKamu apapos, pomen umemM Ha Uctpe (Iyxae) cyza, aro6bl mepenpasnTb cBoux c0103- nukos.® UgpecrHo, uTO MOMMMO 9TOrO aBapBl pacmomaranM MocTOM, KOTOpbIit obecniewHBan uM nepeOpocKy BOlcK c OnHOrO Gepera Ha Apyroii. To rpeyeckort ‘TPa_MYMH 97O OLIN MocT yepes CaBy, KOTOPbIit [ABA BOSMOMKHOCTh NpeKPaTHTb noqgos mpoxyKTos B CupMuyM. TeM caMBIM OTpesaHUBlit OT HMIepHH ropor, Mor ObITb Ge3 Tpyfa 3axBayeH aBapamu. J|WMHHBIe paccyKaeHuA y MenaHapa TpeAcTaBMAlOT COHoI0 pasBUTHe STOFO NpocToro MoNOKeHHA.”? CupHlicKHi HcTO- PUK coobmaer MO_POOHOCTH, H3 KOTOPEIX MO)KHO BOCCTAHOBUTS McTOpHyecKHi XOX COOBITHH. «TOT BapBapcKHit Hapog aBapbl coOpamuch H 3aXBaTHJIM Te ABA MOcTa, KoTopble OBLIM MocTpOeHbI, 3aceM HM yrpoxaH BOWHOM u OnycTOMeHHeM pomeiickum oOsactamy.§ B TpevecKux MCTOYHHKAX M3BeCTHO O ABYX 3axBadeH- HBIX aBapaMH MOCTAX, OTBOeBATb KOTOPble POMeAM He yaamocb.® 1 Joh. Ephes., 6, 25, p. 328. ?>Menander, Fr, 47, p. 251. * Ibid., Fr. 58, p. 252. 4 Joh. Ephe 6, 25, p. 328. 5 Tbid., 6, 25, p. 328. *Menander, Fr. 64, p. 265. 7Menander, Fr. 64, p. 265—T. * Joh. Ephes., 6, 30, p. 335. *Menander, Fr. 66, p. 268.ABAPbI H CNABAHE B CUPHACKOM UCTOPHOrPAOHH 35 Tlopropyoe tpeGosanwe orgars CupmMMym abapei mepenanu vepes cBoux nmocnos. TuBepuit orperat AMMIOMATHYeCKH, OOeWaA NPHCTaTb LA MeperoBo- Pop cBoero mpeuctasureis Hapceca, «BenmKoro cuapapua rocysapcrsas. B To .xe Bpems ero raiioe NocombcTBO K JaHrodapaamM M ApyruM Hapozam HMC HembiO MOIST UX B TeiNy y aBapoB.1 Kpome Toro, pomed sanyrHBasn ABapOB THOPKAMM, BUACTh KOTOPHIX K TOMY BPeMeHH NpocTHpanacb 10 Xepco- neca:? K apapam, Kak 68110 o6emano, Obit HaNpaBreH cnadapuii Hapcec, npu- eM eMy OBI0 MPeMMOKEHO He CHeMMMTE ¢ MPHesOM, c TeM, YTOOLI NaTb BPMs Janrobapiam coOparbea c CMJlaMH HM BCeM «yAapurb BMecTe [Ha aBapos]> u, CCIM BOSMOKHO, «yHHYTOKUTE uxo.3 Tyr Hapceca eka m0 UepHomy mopw Xo yerba [lyHas. Cuapapwi Osi Goraro cnapwen, «mHoro KopaOneH Obin0 HaNOJHeHO BCAKHM HMYUJeCTBOM HM HampaBeHo yepes onacHoe Mope [ToxT». He Tombko ObUIH B3ATEI «MHOTOUNCTeHHBIe BOlickay, HO M «H300MJMe somoTas, MPHYeM 3010TO OBLIO BsiTO Hapcecom He TONKO «rocynapcTBeHHOe, HOH «CB0e> H BesIH ero Ha OJHOM 43 KOpaOTet, MOA OxpaHoit eBHyxoB.' 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Bo BcaKOM cuyyae, «Tak Kak BapBapbl He SHaJM, KaK ero [oroH]b MpeKpaTUTb M 3aTYWHTb, OHH Bce OexKAIM M MOKHHyaM [ropog], H OH cropeT M MpeppaTWica B pasBaMHED.® CupuiicKui McTOpMK yTBep»KyaeT, YTO Mor OL COObMMTh 060 BcemM 9TOM Topasqo Gombue, HO M3-3a MIpOCTpaHHOcTH MHOrMxX PaccKa30B OH OombUIMHCTBO UX OCTaBIAeT B cTOpOHe M Ha 3TOM KOHYU@eT aBap~ cKy¥o amonero. Bute 6bi10 yoKe YMOMAKYTO, YTO WOMeNWAA B eAMHCTBeEHHOM pykonucH ueropua Moanwa Eqecckoro He uMeer Koya. OrmaBseHme mocmegHel, mecrort, 1 Joh. Ephes., 6, 30, p. 335. 2>Menander, Fr. 43, p. 247. 3 Joh. Ephes., 6, 30, p. 335. *Tdid, 6, 30, 'p. '335. fEpids 6 3, p33, *“Menander, Fr. 72, p. 269. | 7 Theophanes. Chronographia, p. 218. —Malatas. Chronographia, p. 450. * Joh. Ephes., 6, 32, p. 337. * Yid., 6, 33, p. 337. e36 H. B, NMIYSEBCKAA KHUTH, COXPaHHBUeeCA B HAYATe ee, TaeT BOSMOMKHOCTH CYATb O HeMOMeRUHx rNaBax, COOOMaBUIMX NaibHeliume cBeqeHHA 0 CHaBAHaX. 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