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STANDARD PRACTICE PD-504

APPENDIX-2 BASIC DESIGN OF CASE AND CRATE CONSTRUCTION

1. General
1.1 Case consists of 6 construction elements assembled, Skid base, Outer boards and Top board.

① Skid base
② Outer board
③ Top board

2. Skid Base
2.1 Skid base of case is the most important load bearing component, independent of the construction
type. Skid base consists of skids, load bearing floor members, headers, rubbing strips which shall be
dimensioned in a method that all occurring loads can be dealt with.

2.2 The definitions of each components are

 Skids;
Longitudinal members of the foundational part of the skid base to support the load of the Cargo
(contents) in combination with the load bearing floor members.
 Rubbing Strips;
Nailed or fastened with the lag screws to the lower surface of skid in order to adjust the balance
gravity as per sketch above.
 Headers;
Members for transverse connection of the skids, and the end walls shall be fastened to those
headers.
 Non-Load Bearing Floor Members;
Members of crosswise laid on the upper surface of the skids and fastened to the skids.
 Load Bearing Floor Members;
Members to support Cargo (content) and their dimensions shall be decided based on their
length and the mass and shape of the Cargo (content).

2.3 The skid part shall be provided with the rubbing strips to enable lifting for stacking and crane handling
purposes of case as well as crate. The mass of Cargo or net mass shall be distributed equally over
the surface of the skid part.
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STANDARD PRACTICE PD-504

Non-Load Bearing Floor Members (these will be jointed on

intermediate skids within a range of 1/3 of their total width

Non-Load Bearing Floor Members (these will be jointed on

intermediate skids within a range of 1/3 of their total width

Header

Load Bearing Floor Members

Rubbing Strip

Skid

1/2 or more of length

30cm min.
Rubbing Strip
Center of balance

Sling Lifting Area or Forklift

3. Outer board
3.1 Outer boards consist of 2 side walls and 2 end walls of cases with load bearing walls of all
construction types are formed by load bearing components. When assembled, they form a static
whole.

3.2 To provide enough stability and strength at the corner joints between side and end walls shall be
reinforced with side corner strut and end corner strut.

Internal length Upper Frame

Internal height
Side corner strut

Diagonal

Under Frame Outer boards

Thickness of floor board + thickness of skid

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STANDARD PRACTICE PD-504

4. Top board
4.1 Top board closes the packing unit at the top and forms a surface that is suitable for loads.

4.2 Not only withstanding to force in stacks caused by a number of cases on top of each other but also the
top board shall be designed to deal with transverse loads due to lifting by crane.

4.3 To avoid destruction of case by such transverse loads, top board of larger and wider case shall take
into account reinforcement to ensure strength to stacking loads.

4.4 Barrier materials for water proof shall be installed by lining on the inside and by covering the whole
surface to prevent from water by rainfall etc. during transportation. Materials shall be tarpaulin sheet
(JIS Z 1503), plastic sheet, asphalt sheet or any other equivalent.

Upper Layer Top Sheathing

Lower Layer Top Sheathing

Top boards

Water proof Material

Top Joints

Bridging
Strip steal or tape or stand

APPENDIX-3 CASE (A)

1. Case is a framed box and a rigid wooden construction with closed panels in all sides.
2. Any MATERIALS inside case should be wrapped with water proof sheet or cover to avoid dirt.
3. Case shall have proper number and location of ventilation hole with cover.
4. Case should be strong enough to allow stacking of equivalent size and weight of other cargo on the
top up to 5 meters high in total.
5. Case should be designed with JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Z-1403 or any other equivalent
authorized standard packing guideline. As per JIS Z-1403, the case shall pack MATERIALS with
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STANDARD PRACTICE PD-504

1,500cm(L) x 500cm(W) x 500cm(H), 60 ton at maximum.

6. Detail of members used in each section shall be described in APPENDIX-13 (Dimensions of
Respective Members) as minimum requirement.
7. In case tipping angle of cargo is less than 30 degrees, additional support to be attached to such
wooden case to increase the stability and avoid the turn-over during the handling of the case. Rev.6

APPENDIX-4 CRATE (B)

1. Crate is a sheathed crate and a rigid wooden and hollow construction based on the case design but
where the individual sides are not built in solid cladding without spaces, although it is not excluded
that some of its parts are built in solid cladding without spaces.
2. The share of boards in the whole wall surface is normally around 40 to 60 % with a minimum board
width of 10cm or more.
3. Any MATERIALS inside crate should be wrapped with water proof sheet or cover to avoid moisture
4. Crate should be strong enough to allow stacking of equivalent size and weight of other cargo on the
top up to 5 meters high in total.
5. Crate should be designed with JIS Z-1403 or any other equivalent authorized standard packing
guidelines.
6. Design of crate construction shall be the same as wooden case therefore detail of members used
shall be referred to APPENDIX-13 (Dimensions of Respective Members) as minimum requirement.
7. In case tipping angle of cargo is less than 30 degrees, additional support to be attached to such
wooden case to increase the stability and avoid the turn-over during the handling of the case. Rev.6

APPENDIX-5 SKID BUNDLE (C)

1. MATERIALS in bundle shall be secured properly to prevent any movement, which could cause to
bundle collapse, for the purpose of safe lifting, handling and transportation.
2. MATERIALS shall be tightly bundled by the same size and shape of structures in order not to make
any space in-between the MATERIALS.
3. Any space between MATERIALS shall be in-filled by wooden chocks to prevent movement and
bundle collapse.
4. Bundle to be made strong enough to allow the stacking equivalent size and weight of cargoes on top
in five (5) meters high.
5. Adequate cushion material such as rubber sheet shall be inserted between steel band and
MATERIALS to avoid any scratch
6. Shipping mark shall be applied on the plywood and attached on both sides.
7. Weight of skid bundle package shall be within 2 tons or less in each for handling purpose.
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STANDARD PRACTICE

APPENDIX-13 DIMENSIONS OF RESPECTIVE MEMBERS

(a) Distance between skids (b) Allowable bending load of member

To be selected taking into account

(c)

(b)

(a)

To be selected taking into account

(a)

To be selected taking into account

Distance between struts

Internal height of case / crate

Mass of cargo (Contents)

Length of Top Joist (b) Distance between Top Joists

Remarks;
(1) Dimensions of respective members of case / crate for mass of cargo exceeding 60 ton shall be designed to fit for the mass with sufficient strength
(2) In case the length of skid exceeds the “Max, length of case / crate”, next upper rank skid dimensions shall be selected except for integrally rigid cargo
(contents) in the longitudinal.
(3) The above dimensions are for case / crate assembled with nails
(4) The distance between top joists should be 60 cm or less, as far as possible.