Fancy phrases ​General explaining, Adding additional information to support a point 

Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast, Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations , 
Giving examples, Signifying importance ,Summarising
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Certain​: more formal than sure  Undoubtedly 
Sure   
Convinced   Uncertain​: more formal than not sure 
Confident  Unsure 
Satisfied  Have doubts 
Be in no doubt  Be dubious about sth 
Without a doubt  

WORDS RELATED TO… ​https://relatedwords.org/relatedto/paradise 

https://wordassociations.net/en/words-associated-with/Door  
COLLOCATIONS h ​ ttp://www.freecollocation.com/search?word=catch  

STRUCTURE -------------------------------------------------
Introductory Paragraph 
Your first paragraph should be an introduction in which you identify the subject and give the reader a 
general overview of the impression it made on you. Your introductory paragraph should also include a 
thesis statement that will serve as the focal point of your paper. 
Example Thesis​: "Why was I feeling so peaceful while walking down this beach? I realized it was because 
the beach had always been a place of rest to me." 
 

Body Paragraphs 
In the f​ irst body paragraph​, write about one reason your subject made the impression on you that it did. 
Then, write about why. This is a reflective essay, which means you can speculate. There are no right or 
wrong answers in this type of essay. 
In the s​ econd body paragraph​, write about the second reason your subject made the impression on you 
that it did. Then, write about why. 
In the t​ hird body paragraph​, write about the third reason your subject made the impression on you that it 
did. Then, write about why. 
 

Conclusion 
Recap your thesis statement​ and the reasons you provided in the body of your essay. Sum up your 
article with some final thoughts on your subject, and s​ ome closing reflective thoughts​. 
Example Conclusion: "I sent my photo of "For Rhonda" to my friend along with a text letting her know 
how much I appreciate her help in letting me know that we can always find places to relax and renew in 
the midst of our busy lives. Now, I want to find a way to help Rhonda have a day off of her own, and I'm 
hoping someday we can take a trip to the beach together." 
PREGUNTAS DISPARADORAS ------------------------------------- 
 
-What did I notice?  -Can I apply what I learned to my life? How 

-How did I feel about this?  -How can this help me in my career? 

-Why did it make me feel this way?  -What about this experience challenged me 

-How was my experience of this unique to me?   socially? 

-How did others who were there experience it  -In what way did this expand my understanding of 

differently? Why?  my own culture? or a different culture? 

-How has this changed me?  -​How was this emotionally important? or 

-What might I have done differently?  emotionally difficult? 

-What is the meaning of this event in my life?  -How did this experience relate to my understanding 

-How is this similar to something else that I've  of theology, God, or religion? 

experienced?  -What questions did this experience make me have? 

-How can I use this to help someone else?  -How has this changed the way I think? 

-How does this event relate to the rest of my life?  -How has this made me realize someone else was 

-How is this typical in my life?  right? 

-Was this a good or a bad thing for me?  -How was this unexpected? Or how did this fulfill my 

-How did this experience foretell things that would  expectations? 

happen later?  -Would I want to repeat this experience? 

-Was my experience the same as someone else's or  -Would this experience be the same if I did it again? 

different?  -How did this affect me and why? 

-What skills did I learn?  -Why did I have the reaction I did to this 

 
 
– What have you learned about yourself as a result  – Why do you think you made the particular 

of the experience?  choices that you did? Do you think these were 

– Have you developed because of it? How?  the right choices? 

– Did it have any positive or negative bearing on  – What are your thoughts on the experience 

your life?  in general? W

​ as it a useful learning 

– Looking back, what would you have done  experience? W

​ hat specific skills or 

differently?  perspectives did you acquire as a result? 

  

 
 
 
 
 
ADJECTIVES --------------------------------------------------------
Nouns  Verbs  Adjectives 

aberration  abhor  amiable 

(n.) something that differs from the norm  (v.) to hate, detest (Because he always  (adj.) friendly (An amiable fellow, Neil got along with 
(In 1974, Poland won the World Cup, but  wound up getting hit in the head when  just about everyone.) 
the success turned out to be an  he tried to play cricket, Marcin began   
aberration, and Poland have not won a  to abhor the sport).  arcane 
World Cup since).    (adj.) obscure, secret, known only by a few (The 
  acquiesce  professor is an expert in arcane Kashubian literature.) 
alacrity  (v.) to agree without protesting   
(n.) eagerness, speed (For some reason,  (Though Mr. Pospieszny wanted to  brazen 
Simon loved to help his girlfriend  stay outside and work in his garage,  (adj.) excessively bold, brash, clear and obvious 
whenever he could, so when his girlfriend  when his wife told him that he had  (Critics condemned the writer’s brazen attempt to 
asked him to set the table he did so with  better come in to dinner, he acquiesced  plagiarise Frankow-Czerwonko’s work.) 
alacrity.)  to her demands.)   
    brusque 
avarice  appease  (adj.) short, abrupt, dismissive (Simon’s brusque 
(n.) excessive greed (The banker’s avarice  (v.) to calm, satisfy (When Jerry cries,  manner sometimes offends his colleagues.) 
led him to amass an enormous personal  his mother gives him chocolate to   
fortune.)  appease him.)  callous 
    (adj.) harsh, cold, unfeeling (The murderer’s callous 
candor  cajole  lack of remorse shocked the jury.) 
(n.) honesty, frankness (We were  (v.) to urge, coax (Magda's friends   
surprised by the candor of the politician’s  cajoled her into drinking too much.)  circumspect 
speech because she is usually rather    (adj.) cautious (Though I promised Marta’s father I 
evasive.)  chide  would bring her home promptly by midnight, it would 
  (v.) to voice disapproval (Hania chided  have been more circumspect not to have specified a 
complacency  Gregory for his vulgar habits and  time.) 
(n.) self-satisfied ignorance of danger  sloppy appearance.)   
(Simon tried to shock his friends out of    clandestine 
their complacency by painting a  coerce  (adj.) secret (Announcing to her boyfriend that she 
frightening picture of what might happen  (v.) to make somebody do something  was going to the library, Maria actually went to meet 
to them.)  by force or threat (The court decided  George for a clandestine liaison.) 
  that David Beckham did not have to   
confidant  honor the contract because he had  coherent 
(n.) a person entrusted with secrets  been coerced into signing it.)  (adj.) logically consistent, intelligible (William could 
(Shortly after we met, he became my chief    not figure out what Harold had seen because he was 
confidant.)  connive  too distraught to deliver a coherent statement.) 
  (v.) to plot, scheme (She connived to   
despot  get me to give up my plans to start up  cumulative 
(n.) one who has total power and rules  a new business.)  (adj.) increasing, building upon itself (The cumulative 
brutally (The despot issued a death    effect of hours spent using the World English website 
sentence for anyone who disobeyed his  debase  was a vast improvement in his vocabulary and 
laws.)  (v.) to lower the quality or esteem of  general level of English.) 
  something (The large raise that he   
empathy  gave himself debased his motives for  deferential 
(n.) sensitivity to another’s feelings as if  running the charity.)  (adj.) showing respect for another’s authority (Donata 
they were one’s own (I feel such empathy    is always excessively deferential to any kind of 
for my dog when she’s upset so am I!)  decry  authority figure.) 
  (v.) to criticize openly (Andrzej Lepper,   
enmity  the leader of the Polish Self Defence  demure 
(n.) ill will, hatred, hostility (John and Scott  party decried the appaling state of  (adj.) quiet, modest, reserved (Though everyone else 
have clearly not forgiven each other,  Polish roads.)  at the party was dancing and going crazy, she 
  remained demure.) 
because the enmity between them is  deride   
obvious to anyone in their presence.)  (v.) to laugh at mockingly, scorn (The  diligent 
  native speaker often derided the other  (adj.) showing care in doing one’s work (The diligent 
gluttony  teacher’s accent.)  researcher made sure to double check her 
(n.) overindulgence in food or drink    measurements.) 
(Helen’s fried chicken tastes so divine, I  embezzle   
don’t know how anyone can call gluttony  (v.) to steal money by falsifying  elated 
a sin.)  records (The accountant was fired for  (adj.) overjoyed, thrilled (When he found out he had 
  embezzling €10,000 of the company’s  won the lottery, the postman was elated.) 
hypocrisy  funds.)   
(n.) pretending to believe what one does    eloquent 
not (Once the politician began passing  extol  (adj.) expressive, articulate, moving (The best man 
legislation that contradicted his campaign  (v.) to praise, revere (Kamila extolled  gave such an eloquent speech that most guests were 
promises, his hypocrisy became  the virtues of a vegetarian diet to her  crying.) 
apparent.)  meat-loving boyfriend.)   
    erudite 
infamy  fabricate  (adj.) learned (My English teacher is such an erudite 
(n.) notoriety, extreme ill repute (The  (v.) to make up, invent (When I arrived  scholar that he has translated some of the most 
infamy of his crime will not lessen as time  an hour late to class, I fabricated some  difficult and abstruse Old English poetry.) 
passes.)  excuse about my car breaking down   
  on the way to work.)  feral 
knell    (adj.) wild, savage (That beast looks so feral that I 
(n.) the solemn sound of a bell, often  forsake  would fear being alone with it.) 
indicating a death (Echoing throughout  (v.) to give up, renounce (I won't   
our village, the funeral knell made the  forsake my conservative principles.)  flabbergasted 
grey day even more grim.)    (adj.) astounded (Whenever I read an Agatha Christie 
  inhibit  mystery novel, I am always flabbergasted when I 
maverick  (v.) to prevent, restrain, stop (When I  learn the identity of the murderer.) 
(n.) an independent, nonconformist person  told you I needed the car last night, I   
(John is a real maverick and always does  certainly never meant to inhibit you  fractious 
things his own way.)  from going out.)  (adj.) troublesome or irritable (Although the child 
    insisted he wasn’t tired, his fractious behaviour - 
maxim  refurbish  especially his decision to crush his jam sandwiches all 
(n.) a common saying expressing a  (v.) to restore, clean up (After being  over the floor - convinced everyone present that it 
principle of conduct (Ms. Stone’s etiquette  refurbished the old Triumph  was time to put him to bed.) 
maxims are both entertaining and  motorcycle commanded the   
instructional.)  handsome price of $6000.)  furtive 
    (adj.) secretive, sly (Claudia’s placement of her drugs 
modicum  repudiate  in her sock drawer was not as furtive as she thought, 
(n.) a small amount of something  (v.) to reject, refuse to accept (Tom  as the sock drawer is the first place most parents 
(Refusing to display even a modicum of  made a strong case for an extension  look.) 
sensitivity, Magda announced her boss’s  of his curfew, but his mother   
affair to the entire office.)  repudiated it with a few biting words.)  gratuitous 
    (adj.) uncalled for, unwarranted (Every evening the 
nadir  vex  guy at the fish and chip shop gives me a gratuitous 
(n.) the lowest point of something (My day  (v.) to confuse or annoy (My boyfriend  helping of vinegar.) 
was boring, but the nadir came when my  vexes me by pinching my bottom for   
new car was stolen.)  hours on end.)  haughty 
    (adj.) disdainfully proud (The superstar’s haughty 
novice  dismissal of her co-stars will backfire on her 
(n.) a beginner, someone without training  someday.) 
or experience (Because we were all   
impeccable 
novices at archery, our instructor decided  (adj.) exemplary, flawless (If your grades were as 
to begin with the basics  impeccable as your brother’s, then you too would 
  receive a car for a graduation present.) 
nuance   
(n.) a slight variation in meaning, tone,  impertinent 
expression (The nuances of the poem  (adj.) rude, insolent (Most of your comments are so 
were not obvious to the casual reader, but  impertinent that I don’t wish to dignify them with an 
the teacher was able to point them out.)  answer.) 
   
panacea  implacable 
(n.) a remedy for all ills or difficulties  (adj.) incapable of being appeased or mitigated 
(Doctors wish there was a single panacea  (Watch out: once you shun Grandmother’s cooking, 
for every disease, but sadly there is not.)  she is totally implacable.) 
   
parody  impudent 
(n.) a satirical imitation (A hush fell over  (adj.) casually rude, insolent, impertinent (The 
the classroom when the teacher returned  impudent young woman looked her teacher up and 
to find Magdalena acting out a parody of  down and told him he was hot.) 
his teaching style.)   
  incisive 
penchant  (adj.) clear, sharp, direct (The discussion wasn’t going 
(n.) a tendency, partiality, preference  anywhere until her incisive comment allowed 
(Fiona’s dinner parties quickly became  everyone to see what the true issues were.) 
monotonous on account of her penchant   
for Indian dishes.)  indolent 
  (adj.) lazy (Why should my indolent children, who 
perusal  can’t even pick themselves up off the sofa to pour 
(n.) a careful examination, review (The  their own juice, be rewarded with a trip to Burger 
actor agreed to accept the role after a  King?) 
three-month perusal of the movie script.)   
  inept 
plethora  (adj.) not suitable or capable, unqualified (She proved 
(n.) an abundance, excess (The wedding  how inept she was when she forgot two orders and 
banquet included a plethora of oysters  spilled a pint of cider in a customer’s lap.) 
piled almost three feet high.)   
  innate 
predilection  (adj.) inborn, native, inherent (His incredible athletic 
(n.) a preference or inclination for  talent is innate, he never trains, lifts weights, or 
something (James has a predilection for  practices.) 
eating toad in the whole with tomato   
ketchup.)  insatiable 
  (adj.) incapable of being satisfied (My insatiable 
serendipity  appetite for blondes was a real problem on my recent 
(n.) luck, finding good things without  holiday in Japan!) 
looking for them (In an amazing bit of   
serendipity, penniless Mark found a $50  insular 
bill on the back seat of the bus.)  (adj.) separated and narrow-minded; tight-knit, closed 
  off (Because of the sensitive nature of their jobs, 
sycophant  those who work for MI5 must remain insular and 
(n.) one who flatters for self-gain (Some  generally only spend time with each other.) 
see the people in the cabinet as the Prime   
Minister’s closest advisors, but others see  intrepid 
them as sycophants.) 
  (adj.) brave in the face of danger (After scaling a live 
umbrage  volcano prior to its eruption, the explorer was praised 
(n.) resentment, offence (He called me a  for his intrepid attitude.) 
lily-livered coward, and I took umbrage at   
the insult.)  inveterate 
  (adj.) stubbornly established by habit (I’m the first to 
zenith  admit that I’m an inveterate cider drinker—I drink four 
(n.) the highest point, culminating point (I  pints a day.) 
was too nice to tell Emily that she had   
reached the absolute zenith of her career  jubilant 
with that one top 10 hit of hers.)  (adj.) extremely joyful, happy (The crowd was jubilant 
  when the firefighter carried the woman from the 
  flaming building.) 
 
lithe 
(adj.) graceful, flexible, supple (Although the dancers 
were all outstanding, Joanna’s control of her lithe 
body was particularly impressive.) 
 
lurid 
(adj.) ghastly, sensational (Barry’s story, in which he 
described a character torturing his neighbour's 
tortoise, was judged too lurid to be published on the 
English Library's website.) 
 
meticulous 
(adj.) extremely careful with details (The ornate 
needlework in the bride’s gown was a product of 
meticulous handiwork.) 
 
morose 
(adj.) gloomy or sullen (David’s morose nature made 
him very unpleasant to talk to.) 
 
myriad 
(adj.) consisting of a very great number (It was 
difficult to decide what to do on Saturday night 
because the city presented us with myriad possibilities 
for fun.) 
 
nominal 
(adj.) trifling, insignificant (Because he was moving 
the following week and needed to get rid of his 
furniture more than he needed money, Kim sold 
everything for a nominal price.) 
 
oblivious 
(adj.) lacking consciousness or awareness of 
something (Oblivious to the burning smell emanating 
from the kitchen, my father did not notice that the 
rolls in the oven were burned until much too late.) 
 
obsequious 
(adj.) excessively compliant or submissive (Donald 
acted like Susan’s servant, obeying her every request 
in an obsequious manner.) 
 
obtuse 
(adj.) lacking quickness of sensibility or intellect 
(Political opponents warned that the prime minister’s 
obtuse approach to foreign policy would embroil the 
nation in mindless war.) 
 
quaint 
(adj.) charmingly old-fashioned (Mary was delighted 
by the quaint bonnets she saw in Romania.) 
 
rash 
(adj.) hasty, incautious (It’s best to think things over 
calmly and thoroughly, rather than make rash 
decisions.) 
 
rife 
(adj.) abundant (Surprisingly, the teacher’s writing 
was rife with spelling errors.) 
 
salient 
(adj.) significant, conspicuous (One of the salient 
differences between Alison and Helen is that Alison is 
a couple of kilos heavier.) 
 
staid 
(adj.) sedate, serious, self-restrained (The staid butler 
never changed his expression no matter what 
happened.) 
 
superfluous 
(adj.) exceeding what is necessary (Samantha had 
already won the campaign so her constant flattery of 
others was superfluous.) 
 
taciturn 
(adj.) not inclined to talk (Though Magda never 
seems to stop talking, her brother is quite taciturn.) 
 
truculent 
(adj.) ready to fight, cruel (This club doesn’t really 
attract the dangerous types, so why was that bouncer 
being so truculent?) 
 
venerable 
(adj.) deserving of respect because of age or 
achievement (The venerable High Court judge had 
made several key rulings in landmark cases 
throughout the years.) 
 
vociferous 
(adj.) loud, boisterous (I’m tired of his vociferous 
whining so I’m breaking up with him.) 
 
wanton 
(adj.) undisciplined, lewd, lustful (Joanna’s wanton 
demeanor often made the frat guys next door very 
excited.)