Assignment No.

Q1. What you understood by data collection?

Ans: - Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring
information on variables of interest, in an established systematic
fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test
hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. The data collection
component of research is common to all fields of study including
physical and social sciences, humanities, business, etc. While
methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and
honest collection remains the same. While the degree of impact
from faulty data collection may vary by discipline and the nature of
investigation, there is the potential to cause disproportionate harm
when these research results are used to support public policy
recommendations.

Q2. What are various tools use to collect data?

Ans: -Data collection tools refer to the devices/instruments used to

collect data, such as a paper questionnaire or computer-assisted
interviewing system. Case Studies, Checklists, Interviews,
Observation sometimes, and Surveys or Questionnaires are all tools
used to collect data.

It is important to decide the tools for data collection because

research is carried out in different ways and for different purposes.
The objective behind data collection is to capture quality evidence
that allows analysis to lead to the formulation of convincing and
credible answers to the questions that have been posed. The Form
plus’s online data collection tool is perfect for gathering primary
data, i.e., raw data collected from the source. You can easily get
data with
at least three data collection methods with our online and offline
data gathering tool.

Q3. What are the 5 methods of data collection?

Ans: - Quantitative data collection methods

1. Closed-ended Surveys and Online Quizzes

Closed-ended surveys and online quizzes are based on questions

that give respondents predefined answer options to opt for. There
are two main types of closed-ended surveys – those based on
categorical and those based on interval/ratio questions.

Categorical survey questions can be further classified into

dichotomous (‘yes/no’), multiple-choice questions, or checkbox
questions and can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no” or a
specific piece of predefined information.

Qualitative data collection methods

2. Open-Ended Surveys and Questionnaires

Opposite to closed-ended are open-ended surveys and

questionnaires. The main difference between the two is the fact
that closed-ended surveys offer predefined answer options the
respondent must choose from, whereas open-ended surveys allow
the respondents much more freedom and flexibility when providing
their answers.

3. 1-on-1 Interviews

One-on-one (or face-to-face) interviews are one of the most

common types of data collection methods in qualitative research.
Here, the interviewer collects data directly from the interviewee.
Due to it being a very personal approach, this data collection
technique is perfect when you need to gather highly personalized
data.

4. Focus groups

The focus group data collection method is essentially an interview

method, but instead of being done 1-on-1, here we have a group
discussion.

Whenever the resources for 1-on-1 interviews are limited (whether

in terms of people, money, or time) or you need to recreate a
particular social situation in order to gather data on people’s
attitudes and behaviors, focus groups can come in very handy.

5. Direct observation

Direct observation is one of the most passive qualitative data

collection methods. Here, the data collector takes a participatory
stance, observing the setting in which the subjects of their
observation are while taking down notes, video/audio recordings,
photos, and so on.

Due to its participatory nature, direct observation can lead to bias

in research, as the participation may influence the attitudes and
opinions of the researcher, making it challenging for them to
remain objective.

Q4. What is primary data collection?

Ans: - primary data collection is the process of gathering data

through surveys, interviews, or experiments. A typical example of
primary data is household surveys. In this form of data collection,
researchers can personally ensure that primary data meets the
standards of quality, availability, statistical
power and sampling required for a particular research question.
With globally increasing access to specialized survey tools, survey
firms, and field manuals, primary data has become the dominant
source for empirical inquiry in development economics.

Q5. What is secondary data collection?

Ans: - Secondary data is an important source of information and

can provide valuable knowledge and insight into a broad range of
issues. Collecting information about different community aspects
will help explain factors that influence the community’s health.
Types of secondary data can often be categorized by specific area
or population, such as Demographics, Health Behaviours, Social
Determinants of Health, or Environmental Factors. A secondary
data review may also garner a comprehensive database and
provide the necessary information to understand the health of a
community. Resource-limited communities or workgroups can
utilize secondary data collection as their method of accessing
community health data, which is cost-effective. Secondary data
does have some limitations in its quality. Data sources can
occasionally conflict with one another, however reviewing the data
source and citation, along with seeking consultation from a local
expert and/or the South Dakota Community Health Experts, can
help resolve any issues.

Q6.what is sampling technique in data collection?

Ans: - It would normally be impractical to study a whole

population, for example when doing a questionnaire survey.
Sampling is a method that allows researchers to infer information
about a population based on results from a subset of the
population, without having to investigate every individual.
Reducing the number of individuals in a study reduces the cost and
workload, and may make it easier to obtain high quality
information, but this has to be balanced against having a large
enough sample size with enough power to detect a true
association. If a sample is to be used, by whatever method it is
chosen, it is important that the individuals selected are
representative of the whole population. This may involve
specifically targeting hard to reach groups. For example, if the
electoral roll for a town was used to identify participants, some
people, such as the homeless, would not be registered and
therefore excluded from the study by default.