INDIRA NATIONAL SCHOOL

Wakad, Pune
Date: 24/6/2021
Std. : VI MATHEMATICTS

Ch-3 Playing with numbers

Factors :- A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number divides the number completely without
leaving any remainder.

Eg. Factors of 38

38= 1 X 38, 2 X 19

38 = 1,2,19,38 are factors of 38.

Properties of Factors:-

1) 1 is factor of every number.

2) Every number is a factor of itself.
3) A factor of a number is less than or equal to the number.
4) Factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
5) Factors of a number are finite.

Multiples :- Multiples of a number is obtained by multiplying with the natural number.

Eg. 11 multiples = 11,22,33,44,55,66,…………..

Properties of Multiples :-

1) Every number is a multiple of itself.

2) Multiple is always equal or greater than that number.
3) A number has infinite multiple.
After this Ex:3.1
Prime Numbers:- The numbers are having exactly two factors 1 and the number itself are called prime
numbers.

Eg. 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59………

Composite Numbers :- Numbers are having more than two factors are called composite numbers.Eg.4
,6,8,10,12,………

Perfect Number :- A number for which of all its factors is equal to twice the number is called a perfect
number.

Eg. 28 = factors of 28 are 1 + 2 + 4+ 7+ 14+ 28=56

28 X 2 = 56

28 is a perfect number

Co-prime numbers- Two numbers are said to be co-prime numbers when they have no other common factor
than one.
Eg. 4 and 11
 Twin prime numbers- Two prime numbers whose difference is two are called twin prime numbers.
Eg. 5 and 7

Note:-
1) 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
2) The numbers are divisible by 2 are called Even numbers.
3) The numbers are not divisible by 2 are called Odd numbers.
4) 2 is the smallest Even prime number.
5) Every prime number except 2 is odd. After this Ex. 3.2
Test of Divisibility-

Examples

12, 350, 46438

84 = 8 + 4 =12
12 is divisible by 3.
756
56 is divisible by 4.
65, 100

12, 24

45256 is divisible by
8.
180 = 1 + 8
= 9

900 , 30

13 Difference between the number formed by last 3 digits and the

number formed by rest of the digits should be divisible by 13.
14 If the number is divisible by 2 and 7

After this Ex. 3.3

COMMON FACTORS:-

1) What are the common factors of 4 and 18?

The factors of 4 =1,2,4
The factors of 18= 1,2,3,6,9,18
The numbers 1 and 2 are the factors of both 4 and 18.

COMMON MULTIPLES:-

2) Find the common multiples of 3 , 5 , 6.

Multiples of 3 = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30………

Multiples of 5 = 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50……

Multiples of 6 = 6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48,54,60…….

Common Multiples = 30,60………….

Some More Divisibility Rules:-

1) If a number is divisible by another number then it is divisible by each of the factors of that number.
Eg. 24 It is divisible by 8 and the factors of 8 i.e. 1,2,4 and 8 also divide 24.
2) If a number is divisible by two co-prime numbers then it is divisible by their product also.
Eg. 80 is divisible by 4 and 5 .It is also divisible by 4 X 5=20 and 4 and 5 are co-primes.
3) If two given numbers are divisible by a number , then their sum is also divisible by that number
Eg.16 and 20 are both divisible by 4 .The number 16+20=36 is also divisible by 4.
4) If two given numbers are divisible by a number, then their difference is also divisible by that number.
Eg. 35 and 20 are both divisible by 5. Is their difference 35 -20 =15 also divisible by 5.

Prime Factorization:- When a number is expressed as a product of its factors we say that the number has
been factorized.

24 = 2 X 12
2X2X6
2 X 2 X 2 X3
The prime factorization of 24 is 2 X 2 X 2 X 3.
(2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,)

Highest Common Factor:-

Ex. HCF of 20,28,and 36 by Prime factorization :-
20= 2 X 2 X5
28= 2 X 2 X7
36= 2 X 2 X 3 X3
The Common Factor = 2 X 2
HCF= 4 (Product of common factors)

Least Common Multiples:- Ex. Find the LCM of 850 and 680

850 = 2 X 5 x 5 x 17
680 = 2 X 2 X 2 X 5 X 17
Common Factors= 2 X 5 X 17
LCM = Common Factors X Uncommon Factors
= 2 X 5 X 17 X 2 X 2 X 5
= 3400

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