INTEGERS

What You Will Learn …

❑ Some definitions related to integers

❑ Rules for the “Four Operation of Integers”

Definition

• Positive number – a number

greater than zero.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Definition

• Negative number – a number

less than zero.

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Definition

• Opposite Numbers – numbers

that are the same distance from
zero in the opposite direction

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
 Definition
• Absolute Value – The size of a
number with or without the
negative sign.

The absolute value of

9 or of –9 is 9.
What is an
Integer?
• An integer is a positive or
negative whole number,
including 0.

…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…

Negative Numbers Are Used to
Measure Temperature
Negative Numbers Are Used to
Measure Under Sea Level

30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Negative Numbers Are Used to
Show Debt

Let’s say your parents bought a car but

had to get a loan from the bank for $5,000.
When counting all their money they add
in -$5,000 to show they still owe the bank.
 Hint

• If you don’t see a negative

or positive sign in front of
a number it is positive.

+9
There are
“4”
Integer
Operations
 4 Integer Operations

• Addition +
• Subtraction -
• Multiplication x
• Division ÷
 Rule #1 for
Adding Integers (+)

• The sum of two positive integers is

always positive.

5 + 1 = 6
 Rule #2 for
Adding Integers (+)

• The sum of two negative integers is

always negative.

-5 + (-1) = -6
 Rule #3 for
Adding Integers (+)

• The sum of a positive and a negative

integer could be positive, negative, or
zero.
 Rule #3 for
Adding Integers Continued
• When you add a positive and negative
integer, you are really subtracting. Then,
you give the answer the sign of the
greater absolute value.
5 + (-1) = 4

-5 + 1 = -4

5 + (-5) = 0
Let’s Practice “Addition”
1) 5+6=
• -3 + (-2) =
• -6 + 5 =
• 8 + (-7) =
• -9 + 9 =
 ✓ Let’s Check
1) 5+6= 11
• -3 + (-2) = -5
• -6 + 5 = -1
• 8 + (-7) = 1
• -9 + 9 = 0
 Rules for
Subtracting Integers (-)
• To subtract an integer, add its
opposite.

• You will need to correctly change all

subtraction problems into addition
problems!
 How do you
change a
subtraction
problem into an
addition problem?
There are three steps:

1. Keep the first integer the same.

(Same)

2. Change the subtraction sign into an

addition sign. (Change)
3. Take the opposite of the number that
immediately follows the newly placed
addition sign. (Change)
Think …
Same, Change, Change
Examples:

➢ 5 – (-2) = 5+2 = 7

➢ -5 – 2 = -5 + (-2) = -7
Let’s Practice “Subtraction
”
1) 5 – 2 =
2) -3 – 4 =
3) -1 – (-2) =
4) -5 – (-3) =
5) 7 – (-6) =
 ✓ Let’s Check
1) 5 – 2 = 5 + (-2) = 3
2) -3 – 4 = -3 + (-4) = -7
3) -1 – (-2) = -1 + 2 = 1
4) -5 – (-3) = -5 + 3 = -2
5) 7 – (-6) = 7+ 6 = 13
 Rules for
Multiplying Integers (x)
• The product of two integers with the
same signs is POSITIVE.

• The product of two integers with

different signs is NEGATIVE.
 Rules Summary for
Multiplication
• Positive x Positive = Positive
• Negative x Negative = Positive

• Positive x Negative= Negative

• Negative x Positive = Negative
Let’s Practice “Multiplication
”
1) 6 x (-3) =
2) 3 x 3 =
3) -4 x 5 =
4) -6 x (-2) =
5) -7 x (-8) =
 ✓ Let’s Check
1) 6 x (-3) = -18
2) 3 x 3 = 9
3) -4 x 5 = -20
4) -6 x (-2) = 12
5) -7 x (-8) = 56
Did you know that
the rules for
multiplication and
division are the
same?
Guess what….

They are!
• The rules for division are exactly
the same as those for multiplication.

• If we were to take the rules for

multiplication and change the
multiplication signs to division signs,
we would have an accurate set of
rules for division.
 Rules for
Dividing Integers (÷)
• The quotient of two integers with
the same signs is POSITIVE.

• The quotient of two integers with

different signs is NEGATIVE.
 Rules Summary for
Division
• Positive ÷ Positive = Positive
• Negative ÷ Negative = Positive

• Positive ÷ Negative= Negative

• Negative ÷ Positive = Negative
Let’s Practice “Division”
1) 18 ÷ (-2) =
2) -48 ÷ (-6) =
3) -27 ÷ 9 =
4) 64 ÷ 8 =
5) 30 ÷ (-5) =
 ✓ Let’s Check
1) 18 ÷ (-2) = -9
2) -48 ÷ (-6) = 8
3) -27 ÷ 9 = -3
4) 64 ÷ 8 = 8
5) 30 ÷ (-5) = -6
Let’s Review…
What is an integer?
 ANSWER
• An integer is a positive or
negative whole number,
including 0.
Can you give an example
of an integer?
 ANSWER
• …-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…
What are the four
operations?
 ANSWER
• The four operations are:
addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
How do you add
integers?
 ANSWER
• The sum of two positive integers is always
positive.
•
The sum of two negative integers is always
• negative.
When you add a positive and negative
integer, you are really subtracting. Then, you
give the answer the sign of the greater
absolute value.
 How do you
subtract integers?
 ANSWER
• To subtract an integer, add its
opposite.
• Same, Change, Change
How do you multiply
integers?
 ANSWER
• If the signs are the same, your answer
is always positive.
• If the signs are different, your answer
is always negative.
How do you divide
integers?
 ANSWER
• If the signs are the same, your answer is
always positive.
• If the signs are different, your answer is
always negative.

*Multiplication and Division Rules are the

same!