DCD MINI PROJECT -2

TOPIC NAME : DECIMAL TO GRAY

CONVERTER
GROUP MEMBERS :
• VAIBHAVI THAKUR (18103A0014)
• RIJUL UGAWEKAR(18103A0029)
• ANKITA GAIKWAD (18103A0031)
• POOJA KARANDE (19103A2001)
• PARTH GAIKWAD (19103A2003)
 PREFACE
The purpose of this project is to explore the
Types of converter and to learn how to
make a self designed PCB by using simple
steps of pcb designing .Here in our project
we would make pcb that would convert
decimal to gray .Basically it is circuit using
NAND gate to detect the decimal numbers 5
through in a 4 bit gray code input.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks
of gratitude to our DCD ma’am
Miss Amaya Pethe for their able guidance
and support in completing our project .

Date : 23-10-2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO. TOPIC NAMES PG
NO.
1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION
• Theory behind the project concept
1
• Problem definition
2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
• Flow of project
2-9
• Designing steps
• Circuit diagram
• Working in detail
• PCB layout of the circuit
• Component list

3 FEATURES
• Advantages and disadvantages
10
• Applications

4 RESULT
• Output result
11
• Conclusion

5 Appendix and Bibliography

12
1. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION

1.1 THEORY :
There are 16 possible combination of 4 bit gray
code all of them are valid and hence there are no
don’t care condition .In this the input of the SOP
circuit is a 4 bit Gray code Looking at the truth table
as shown in the following working of the SOP circuit
here we observe the ouput is 1 for the input
combination corresponding to min terms
7,5,4,12,13,14,15 and 10

1.2 PROBLEM DEFINATION:

Design of an SOP circuit to detect the decimal
numbers 5 through 12 in a 4 bit gray code input
2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.
2.1 FLOW OF PROJECT :

1.In the following flow first we make the circuit in a

logism to check whether the ckt is giving proper
output.
2.After proper output we stimulate the ckt in
breadboard whether the ckt is working or not.
3. After proper output we make the layout of the
project in PCB Express of the ckt . We take a print of
it and make printing a layer to copper clad.
4. removing the layer of copper of copper clad with
the solution of water and iching chemical
5. Drilling the holes in copper clad.
6. mount the components.
7. soldering the components in PCB.
8. report making
Truth table :
Decimal 4bit gray Output
A B C D
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
2 0 0 1 1 0
3 0 0 1 0 0
4 0 1 1 0 0
5 0 1 1 1 1
6 0 1 0 0 1
7 0 1 0 1 1
8 1 1 0 0 1
9 1 1 0 1 1
10 1 1 1 0 1
11 1 1 1 1 1
12 1 0 1 0 1
13 1 0 1 1 0
14 1 0 0 0 0
15 1 0 0 0 0
K-map :
00 01 11 10

1 1 1 Fmin= BC’+BD+ACD’
1 1 1 1
1

Ckt :
2.2 STEPS OF DESIGNING :
1. DESIGN AND OUTPUT
2. FILE TO FILM
3. PRINTING INNER LAYERS
4. REMOVING UNWANTED COPPER
5. LAYER ALLIGNMENT AND OPTICAL INSPECTION
6. LAYER UP AND BOND
7. DRILL
8. PLATING AND COPPER DEPOSITION
9. OUTER LAYER IMAGING
10. PLATING
11. FINAL ETCHING
12. FITTING OF COMPONENTS IN DESIGNED PCB
2.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

2.4 WORKING : In this to convert the input C and D

into its Complement we use IC 7404 i.e NOT gate and
provide 3 input gate of 2 pin input NAND gate and 3 pin
input NAND gate .The output of 3 gate is provided to 3
pin input NAND gate as we provide the decimal number
[5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] as high the LED will glow. From
decimal 5 to 12 is converted to gray as depend on 4
input lines. As we enable switch B ,C and D the output
became high.
2.5 PCB LAYOUT :

2.6 COMPONENT LIST :

• 2 NAND gates with 2 inputs (IC-7400)
• 2 NAND gate wth 3 inputs (IC-7410)
• 1 NOT gate (IC-7404)
• Itching chemical
• PCB
• PCB express software
• Soldering gun
• Soldering aluminium wire
• 3 slide switches
• 1 LED
 3. FEATURES
3.1 ADVANTAGES :
• FAST RESPONSE
• LOW POWER CONSUMPTION
• SWITCHING ACTIVITY IS REDUCED

3.2 DISADVANTAGES :
There is no disadvantage as such, unless you happen to
be using Gray code for an application where Gray code is
not a requirement in which case the conversion to or from
Gray code would have a negative impact upon overall
performance.

3.3 APPLICATIONS :
• TELEGRAPHY
• ERROR CORRECTION
• MATHEMATICAL PUZZLES
• BOOLEAN CIRCUIT MINIMIZATION
4) RESULT

4.1) OUTPUT RESULT

4.2 CONCLUSION :
In this way finally we learnt how to design a PCB to
detect the decimal numbers 5 through 12 in a 4 bit gray
code input which was the actual aim of our project.
5.1 APPENDIX-2
COST ANALYSIS
QTY NAME OF COMPONENTS AMOUNT

2 Ic 7410 14
2 Ic 7400 14
4 IC BASE PIN 20
2 LED 2
2 7404 IC 14
1 Iching chemical 50
2 Copper clad 80
2 Negative paper 40
1 Soldering wire 50
1 Soldering gun 100
TOTAL 384
BIBLIOGRAPHY : Books have helped us a lot
to make this project may it be the circuit
diagram or may it be the working of the
project
Books refered :
• Anand Kumar
• R.P.jain