Biology laB RepoRt

Contains:

1)Expt1: Showing that chlorophyll is needed for

photosynthesis
2)Expt2: Looking at the stoma in a leaf

gRoup MeMBeRs id no.

1.aBenezeR aleMayehu.……………………..1
2.BeaMlakseRa Fasil………………………….4
3.BeMnet zekaRiyas…………………………….5
4.dagiMawi sisay…………………………………10
5.h/Michael adugnaw………………………….18
6.hizkeal yeshitla………………………………19

Submitted to: Mr. Daniel

Submission date: 08/11/2013 e.c.
Experiment 1 :Showing that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis

Objective : To show that Chlorophyll is one of the basic need for

Photosynthesis.

Materials and Chemicals Required :

 Variegated leaves
 Large beaker
 Ethanol
 Boiling tube
 Forceps
 Watch glass
 Iodine solution
 Droplet

Procedure

Remove the leaf from the plant put the leaf in boiling water bath for five
minutes,after five minutes take out it gently using forceps and immerse it in
boiling Ethanol in order to remove the chlorophyll after the colour totally
removed take out it and wash it with water and put it on watch glass and then
add a drop of Iodine solution.

It can be Summarized as:

Conclusion

 From the above experiment, We learned basically that Chlorophyll is

important factor in photosynthesis and variegated leaves can not
photosynthesize because of lack of chlorophyll which is demonstrated by
adding drops of iodine solution.

 Unfortunately you can’t just add a few drops of iodine solution to the
leaves of a plant to see if it has made starch – the waxy cuticle forms a
waterproof layer so the iodine cannot penetrate and the green colour could
mask a slight colour change. However, there is a simple procedure to test a
leaf successfully for the presence of starch that you can use in many
different experiments to investigate photosynthesis.

Experiment 2 : Looking at the stoma in a leaf

Objective : To look on the stomata of leaf and understand gas exchange of

plants .

Materials and Chemicals Required :

 Plant(preferably Tradescantia sp.

or a Commelina sp. Plant
 Paintbrush
 Forceps
 Microscope
slide, coverslip,
dropper and
mounted needle
(for making a
temporary mount)
 Varnish

Procedure

 Take a leaf from the plant.Apply a thin layer of clear varnish to a small
area of the underside of the leaf.Once the varnish is dry, peel it off
carefully with forceps or your fingernails. The varnish will have made an
exact copy of the surface of the leaf. Put the varnish film on a slide with a
drop of water and cover with a coverslip. Examine your slide under the low
power of the microscope. Finally Move a single stoma to the centre of your
field of view and look at it under the higher powers of magnification.
Conclusion

In our Experiment, we have seen red stained opening under light microscope
which is stomata and we understand that opening of the stomata is due to
osmosis. Guard cells contain chloroplasts so they can run Photosynthesis,unlike
the other cells in the epidermis layer. So when there is sunlight, the
concentration of sugar in the guard cells goes up as a result of photosynthesis.
Water then moves into the guard cells by osmosis from the epidermal cells
around them. The sausage-shaped guard cells become very turgid, and as they
swell up they bend, opening a gap – the stoma – between them. The pore closes
by the reverse process – water moves out of the guard cells by osmosis into the
surrounding cells and as the level of turgor in the guard cells falls, the stoma
closes.