STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SINGLE CELL BOX CULVERT

VIJAYANAGARAM

INPUT DATA
CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, f'c 28 MPA

REBAR YIELD STRENGTH, fy 500 MPA

CONCRETE UNIT WEIGHT, gc 24 kN/cum

SATURATED SOIL UNIT WEIGHT, gs 18 kN/cum

HEIGHT OFCULVERT, H 4150 mm

WIDTH OF CULVERT, B 3000 mm

THICKNESS OF SIDE WALLS, tw 450 mm

THICKNESS OF TOP SLAB, tts 450 mm

THICKNESS OF BOTTOM SLAB, tbs 450 mm

DEPTH OF FILL, hf 450 mm

IMPOSED SERVICE DEAD LOADS, wd 0 KPa

ALLOWABLE SOIL PRESSURE, Qa 144 KPa

SOIL ANGLE OF FRCITION, f 30 Deg.

PREFERRED REBAR SIZE 16 mm

CONCRETE COVER TO REBAR CENTER 75 mm Design Summary

NO. OF REINFORCEMENT LAYERS 2 Shear Status O.K.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT SPACING 125 mm Flexure Status O.K.
TEMPERATURE REINFOR. SPACING 150 mm Soil Pressure Status N.G.

LOADS ON THE CULVERT

For the design purposes a one-meter length of the culvert is considered.

Top Slab
Vehicular Live Loads (HS 20 AASHTO Truck)
Include live loads if hf < 2400mm hf = 450 mm LL considered. Design Based on → (AASHTO 4.6.2.10)

Multiple presence factor 1.20 Traffic travelling parallel to span (AASHTO 3.6.1.1.2)

Width of distributed load (parallel to span) 700 mm (AASHTO 3.6.1.2.6)

Length of distributed load (perpend. to span) 2692 mm (AASHTO 3.6.1.2.6)

Pressure intensity at the specified depth of fill 76.95 KPa Axle Load = 145 KN
Linear load on the top slab 76.95 KN/m Assumed to act on full width of the slab.

Dynamic Load Allowance (Impact Factor) (AASHTO 3.6.2.2)

IM = 33(1 - 0.00041 hf) > 0% 26.91 % Factor for increasing live load due to impact effects
Increased linear live load 117.19 KN/m Impact and multiple presence factor included.

Weight of earth fill

Linear weight of fill on the slab 8.10 KN/m

Imposed dead loads

Linear imposed dead loads on the slab 0 KN/m

Selfweight
Linear selft weight of the slab 10.8 KN/m

Side Walls
Soil pressure
kah = (1 - sinf ) / (1 + sinf ) 0.333
Surcharge on side walls due to top soil 8.1 KPa

(cont'd)
Height of surcharge (h' = s / gs ) 0.45 m

Linear pressure at the bottom of the side wall 27.6 kN/m

Selfweight
Two side walls = tw (H - tbs - tts) gc 70.2 KN

Bottom Slab
Self weight of the whole structure
Linear soil pressure due to stru. selfweight 53.1 kN/m See note 1

Vehicular Live Loads (HS 20 AASHTO Truck)

Linear soil pressure due to live loads 117.19 KN/m See note 1

FACTORED LOAD DIAGRAMS

Load factor for dead load 1.25 (AASHTO 3.4.1)

Load factor for horizontal earth pressure 1.50 (AASHTO 3.4.1)

Load factor for live load 1.75 (AASHTO 3.4.1)

23.63 205.08
4.05 4.05

41.4 41.4
66.375 205.08

ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE

The structure is analyzed using the moment distribution method.
The fixed-end moment at each joint is the superposition of the fixed-end moments due to dead, live and earth pressure loads.

Joint A B D C
Member AC AB BA BD DB DC CD CA
Length 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.25
Moment of Inertia 0.0375 0.0375 0.0375 0.0375 0.0375 0.0375 0.0375 0.0375
Distrib. Factor 0.48 0.52 0.52 0.48 0.48 0.52 0.52 0.48
FEM 16.72 -171.53 171.53 -16.72 23.29 -203.59 203.59 -23.29
Distribution 74.31 80.50 -80.50 -74.31 86.54 93.75 -93.75 -86.54
Carry Over -43.27 -40.25 40.25 43.27 -37.15 -46.88 46.88 37.15
Distribution 40.09 43.43 -43.43 -40.09 40.34 43.70 -43.70 -40.34
Carry Over -20.17 -21.72 21.72 20.17 -20.05 -21.85 21.85 20.05
Distribution 20.10 21.78 -21.78 -20.10 20.11 21.78 -21.78 -20.11
Carry Over -10.05 -10.89 10.89 10.05 -10.05 -10.89 10.89 10.05
Distribution 10.05 10.89 -10.89 -10.05 10.05 10.89 -10.89 -10.05
Carry Over -5.03 -5.45 5.45 5.03 -5.03 -5.45 5.45 5.03
Distribution 5.03 5.45 -5.45 -5.03 5.03 5.45 -5.45 -5.03
Carry Over -2.51 -2.72 2.72 2.51 -2.51 -2.72 2.72 2.51
Distribution 2.51 2.72 -2.72 -2.51 2.51 2.72 -2.72 -2.51
Carry Over -1.26 -1.36 1.36 1.26 -1.26 -1.36 1.36 1.26
Distribution 1.26 1.36 -1.36 -1.26 1.26 1.36 -1.36 -1.26

Moment Sum 87.78 -87.78 87.78 -87.78 113.08 -113.08 113.08 -113.08
 (cont'd)

SHEAR MOMENT DIAGRAMS

Top Slab Moment Diagram

Top Slab 200.0

150.0

100.0

Moment (kN-m)
Mmax (+) 169.51 kN/m
50.0
Mmax (-) -87.78 kN/m
0.0

0.15

0.45

0.6

0.75

1.05

1.2

1.35

1.65

1.8

1.95

2.25

2.4

2.85
0

0.3

0.9

1.5

2.1

2.55

2.7

3
-50.0
Design Moment 169.51 kN/m
-100.0

-150.0

Distance x (m)

Top Slab Shear Diagram

400.0

300.0

200.0
Vmax (+) 343.05 kN 100.0
Shear (kN)

Vmax (-) -308.75 kN 0.0

0

0.15

0.45

0.75

0.9

1.2

1.35

1.65

1.8

1.95

2.1

2.4

2.85

3
0.3

0.6

1.05

1.5

2.25

2.55

2.7
-100.0

Design Shear 154.37 kN -200.0

At distance d from the face of the support -300.0

-400.0

Distance x (m)

Bottom Slab

Bottom Slab Moment Diagram

150.0

100.0

Mmax (+) 113.08 kN/m 50.0

Moment (kN-m)

Mmax (-) -192.30 kN/m 0.0

0

0.15

0.45

0.6

0.75

1.05

1.2

1.35

1.65

1.8

1.95

2.25

2.4

2.85

3
0.3

0.9

1.5

2.1

2.55

2.7

-50.0

-100.0
Design Moment 192.30 kN/m
-150.0

-200.0

-250.0

Distance x (m)

Bottom Slab Shear Diagram

500.0
400.0
300.0
Vmax (+) 407.18 kN 200.0
Vmax (-)
Shear (kN)

-407.18 kN 100.0
0.0
0

0.15

0.45

0.75

0.9

1.2

1.35

1.65

1.8

1.95

2.1

2.4

2.85

3
0.3

0.6

1.05

1.5

2.25

2.55

2.7

-100.0
Design Shear 183.23 kN -200.0
At distance d from the face of the support -300.0
-400.0
-500.0

Distance x (m)
 (cont'd)
Side Walls

Side Walls Moment Diagram

150.0

100.0

Mmax (+)

Moment (kN-m)
113.08 kN/m
50.0
Mmax (-) -80.65 kN/m
0.0

0.65

1.3

1.95

2.6

2.925
0

0.1625

0.325

0.4875

0.8125

0.975

1.1375

1.4625

1.625

1.7875

2.1125

2.275

2.4375

3.0875

3.25
2.7625
Design Moment 113.08 kN/m
-50.0

-100.0

Distance x (m)

Side Walls Shear Diagram

0.0
0.1625

0.325

0.4875

0.8125

1.3

1.4625

1.625

1.7875

2.1125

2.275

2.4375

2.6

2.7625

2.925

3.0875

3.25
0

0.65

0.975

1.1375

1.95
-10.0

-20.0

-30.0
Shear (kN)

Vmax (+) -14.76 kN -40.0

-50.0
Vmax (-) -82.03 kN
-60.0

-70.0

Design Shear 76.45 kN -80.0

At distance d from the face of the support -90.0

Distance x (m)

THICKNESS CHECK
Shear strength provided by concrete = fVc = f0.17 (f'c)0.5 bw d (ACI 11.2.1.2)

Component d (mm) f Vc (kN) Vd (kN) Status

Top slab 375 253.0 154.4 O.K.
Bottom slab 375 253.0 183.2 O.K.
Side walls 375 253.0 76.5 O.K.

REINF. CALCULATIONS
Minimum reinforcement ratio for main reinforcement, ρmin 0.0005 See note 2 (AASHTO 5.10.8)

Minimum reinforcement ratio for temperature reinforcement, ρmin 0.0007 See note 2 (AASHTO 5.10.8)

Maximum center to center spacing of reinforcement, smax 675 mm Max (1.5 t, 450) (AASHTO 5.10.3.2)

MAIN REINFORCEMENT TEMPRATURE REINF.

Component
d (mm) Mu(kN-m) As (mm2) As prov ρact ρmin Status ρact ρmin Status
Top slab 375 188.3 1116 3217 0.0071 0.0010 O.K. 0.0071 0.0013 O.K.
Bottom slab 375 213.7 1266 3217 0.0071 0.0010 O.K. 0.0071 0.0013 O.K.
Side walls 375 125.6 745 3217 0.0071 0.0010 O.K. 0.0071 0.0013 O.K.

SOIL PRESSURE CHECK

Pressure on soil 170.29 KPa

Allowable soil pressure 144.00 KPa

Status N.G.

1- In reality, the uplift soil pressure on the bottom slab may not be uniform. However, for simplicity, it shall be assumed to be uniform.
2- Minimum reinforcement ratio found is for one layer of reinforcement and shall be multiplyed by 2 if there is 2 layers of reinforcement.
3- Clear distance between two layers of reinforcement shall not be more than 150mm and less than 25mm.
4- All soil has been assumed to be saturated soil.
5- It has been assumed that only one axle of the design truck comes on the culvert at a time. This is true for culvert width up to 4300. For more widths
this design spreadsheet can not be used since it is possible that two axle loads come on the culvert.