Accessing Structure Members in C:

1. Array elements are accessed using the Subscript variable, Similarly Structure members are
accessed using dot [.] operator.
2. (.) is called as “Structure member Operator”.
3. Use this Operator in between “Structure name” & “member name”

Example :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct Vehicle
{
int wheels;
char vname[20];
char color[10];
} v1 = {4,"Maruti 800","White"};

void main ()
{
printf ("Vehicle No of Wheels : %d",v1.wheels);
printf("Vehicle Name : %s",v1.vname);
printf("Vehicle Color : %s",v1.color);
getch();
}

Structure within Structure: Nested Structure

 Structure written inside another structure is called as nesting of two structures.

 Nested Structures are allowed in C Programming Language.
 We can write one Structure inside another structure as member of another structure.

I- Way of declaration of nested structure:

struct date
{
int date;
int month;
int year;
};
struct Employee
{
char ename[20];
int ssn;
float salary;
struct date doj;
} emp1;

Way of Accessing Elements of Nested Structure :

1. Structure members are accessed using dot operator.

2. ‘date‘structure is nested within Employee Structure.
3. Members of the ‘date‘ can be accessed using ’employee’
4. emp1 & doj are two structure names (Variables)

Explanation of Nested Structure :

Accessing Month Field: emp1.doj.month
Accessing day Field : emp1.doj.day
Accessing year Field: emp1.doj.year

II- Way of declaration of embedded structures

struct Employee
{
char ename[20];
int ssn;
float salary;
struct date
{
int date;
int month;
int year;
}doj;
}emp1;
Accessing Nested Members :

Accessing Month Field : emp1.doj.month

Accessing day Field : emp1.doj.day
Accessing year Field : emp1.doj.year
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct Employee
{
char ename[20];
int ssn;
float salary;
struct date
{
int date;
int month;
int year;
}doj;
}emp = {"Pritesh",1000,1000.50,{22,6,1990}};

Void main()
{
printf("\nEmployee Name : %s",emp.ename);
printf("\nEmployee SSN : %d",emp.ssn);
printf("\nEmployee Salary : %f",emp.salary);
printf("\nEmployee DOJ : %d/%d/%d", \
emp.doj.date,emp.doj.month,emp.doj.year);

getch();
}

Pointer to structure : Pointer which stores address of structure is called as “Pointer to

Structure“.
Explanation :
1. sptr is pointer to structure address.
2. -> and (*). both represent the same.
3. These operators are used to access data member of structure by using structure’s pointer.
Program :
#include<stdio.h>

struct team {
char *name;
int members;
char captain[20];
}
t1 = {"India",11,"Dhoni"} , *sptr = &t1;

int main()
{

printf("\nTeam : %s",(*sptr).name);
printf("\nMemebers : %d",sptr->members);
printf("\nCaptain : %s",(*sptr).captain);

return 0;
}

Passing Structure to Function in C Programming

1. Structure can be passed to function as a Parameter.
2. function can also Structure as return type.
3. Structure can be passed as follow

Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
//-------------------------------------
struct Example
{
int num1;
int num2;
}s[3];
//-------------------------------------
void accept(struct Example *sptr)
{
printf("\nEnter num1 : ");
scanf("%d",&sptr->num1);
printf("\nEnter num2 : ");
scanf("%d",&sptr->num2);
}
//-------------------------------------
void print(struct Example *sptr)
{
printf("\nNum1 : %d",sptr->num1);
printf("\nNum2 : %d",sptr->num2);
}
//-------------------------------------
void main()
{
int i;
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
accept(&s[i]);

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
print(&s[i]);

getch();
}

Accessing Element in Structure Array

1. Array of Structure can be accessed using dot [.] operator.
2. Here Records of 3 Employee are Stored.
3. ‘for loop’ is used to Enter the Record of first Employee.
4. Similarly ‘for Loop’ is used to Display Record.

Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct Employee
{
int ssn;
char ename[20];
char dept[20];
}emp[3];

//---------------------------------------------
void main()
{
int i,sum;

//Enter the Employee Details

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("nEnter the Employee Details : ");
scanf("%d %s %s",&emp[i].ssn,emp[i].ename,emp[i].dept);
}
//Print Employee Details
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("nEmployee SSN : %d",emp[i].ssn);
 printf("nEmployee Name : %d",emp[i].ename);
printf("nEmployee Dept : %d",emp[i].dept);
}
getch();
}