Elijah Salem

Critical Thinking
10/19/20
2nd set of Assignments

Chapter 2
1. Statement
2. Nonstatement
3. Statement
4. Nonstatement
5. Statement
6. Statement
7. Statement
8. statement
9. Nonstatement
10. Statement
11. Nonstatement
12. Statement
13. Nonstatement
14. Statement
15. Nonstatement
16. Statement
17. Statement
18. Statement
19. Nonstatement
20. Nonstatement
21. Statement
22. Statement
23. Nonstatement
24. Statement
25. Nonstatement
1. Imperative
2. Imperative
3. Imperative
4. Imperative
5. Non- Imperative
6. Non-Imperative
7. Imperative
8. Imperative
9. Imperative
10. Imperative
11. Non-Imperative
12. Imperative
13. Imperative
14. Non-Imperative
15. Imperative

1. Premise- Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to see the universe as it really

is. Conclusion- Science sometimes requires courage at the very least the courage to
question the conventional wisdom.
2. Premise- We lack the same attitudes we have towards creatures that are conscious and
capable of experiencing pain and pleasure then we do for creatures that can’t
Conclusion: Plants get left in the background only witnesses to vegetarianism and
experiments with live animals.
3. Premise- A member of the Parliament cannot be stupider than his constituents.
Conclusion: The more stupid he is, the more stupid the democracy was to elect him

1. Premise-Man knows that he is dying

Premise- Because of its victim over man, the universe knows nothing.
Conclusion- When the universe has crushed him, man will be nobler than that what
kills him
2. Premise: Most rights are based on the ability of people to agree on social contact, the
ability to make and keep agreements.
Premise: Animals cannot possibly reach an agreement with other creatures nor
respect anyone else’s rights
Conclusion: Therefore, they cannot be said to have rights
3. Premise: I need a man and my heart is set on you.
Conclusion: You’d better shape up
4. Premise: Moral responsibility presupposes free-will
Premise: This freedom is not compatible with universal casual determination
Premise: Universal casual determinism appears to be the case.
Conclusion: Contrary to what most people believe, human beings are not morally
responsible
5. Premise: Our faith comes in moments
Premise: There is depth in those moments that makes us ascribe more reality to those
experiences than others
Conclusion: For this reason the argument that is forth coming to those who have
hopes of man especially the experience of man is forever invalid and in vain.

Exercise 3.5
2. Valid. The requirement to being a fish or trout is to be one or the other. Without
being a trout the creature is not a fish and if you are not a fish then you are not a trout.
5. Valid. This statement does not generalize anything and instead is accurate by
mentioning that only some people feel this way.
7. Invalid. Just because there are only men in the professional racing industry doesn’t
mean that women can’t become one. Women are just not dominant in that industry
9. Invalid. Since it is a sports team the coach could’ve changed their mind and made
the whole team run the wind sprints just for a warm up.
10. Invalid. Though it is not directly or explicitly said it is implied that no forms of
cheating are allowed
Exercise 3.5 II
1. Sound.
2. Unsound. Weak explanation behind the reasoning
3. Sound
4. Unsound. Weak logic
8. Sound.

Exercise 9.4

1. Invalid
2. Valid
3. Invalid
4. Invalid
5. Valid
6. Valid
7. Valid
8. Invalid
9. Invalid
10. Invalid
11. Valid
12. Valid
13. Invalid
14. Valid
15. Invalid
16. Invalid
17. Valid
18. Invalid
19. Invalid
20. Valid