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34.Weed indices

Presentation · November 2016

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18546.40648

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 Weed indices

SURINDER SINGH RANA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY,
CSK HIMACHAL PRADESH KRISHI
VISHVAVIDYALAYA, PALAMPUR 176062, HP,
INDIA
EMAIL: ranass_dee@yahoo.com
What the need to study weed indices?

— Weed indices provide a logistic support in impact

assessment, interpretations and drawing appropriate
conclusions in weed management research.
Weed control index/efficiency
 Weed index

Weed index is the measure of the efficiency of a particular treatment when

compared with a weed free treatment. It is expressed as percentage of yield
potential under weed free. More conveniently weed index is the percent yield loss
caused due to weeds as compared to weed free check. Higher weed index mean
greater loss.
 Weed persistence index and crop
resistance index

Weed persistence index (WPI)

Crop resistance index (CRI)

Pest (weed) management index (PMI or WMI)

Agronomic management index (AMI)

Integrated Management index (IPMI)

Treatment (Herbicide) efficiency index (TEI)

HEI indicates the weed killing potential of a herbicide treatment and its
phytotoxicity on the crop.

Weed intensity

Weed infestation
 Performance index

Step I: ‘Determine ‘unit value’ where the value under a particular treatment of a
parameter was divided by the respective arithmetic mean value of treatments for
that parameter.

Where Uij is the unit value for ith treatment corresponding to jth
parameter, Vij is the actual measured value for ith treatment and jth
parameter and AMj is the arithmetic mean value for jth parameter.

Step II: Calculate overall performance index as an average of unit values (Uij)
of all the parameters under consideration.

where OPi is the overall performance index for ith treatment and N is
the number of parameters considered in deriving performance index.
 Weed thresholds

The economic threshold (=economic injury levels), the weed

density at which the cost of treatment equals the economic
benefit obtained from that treatment.
Uygur & Mennan (1995) :
Y= [{(100/He*Hc)+AC}/(Gp*Yg)]*100
Where, Y is percent yield losses at a different weed density; He,
herbicide efficiency; Hc, herbicide cost; Ac, application cost of
herbicide; Gp, grain price and Ywf, yield of weed free.
Stone and Pedigo (1972):
Economic threshold = Gain threshold/Regression coefficient
Where, gain threshold = Cost of weed control (Hc+Ac)/Price of
produce (Gp), and regression coefficient (b) is the outcome of
simple linear relationship between yield (Y) and weed
density/biomass (x), Y = a + bx.
Phytosociological attributes of weeds
Importance Value Index = Relative density + Relative frequency +
Relative abundance
Based on Raunkiaer (1934), the frequency classes of weed
species are determined. Accordingly there are five
frequency classes, i.e. ‘A’ class with the species of frequency
ranging from 1-20%; ‘B’ class 21-40%; ‘C’ class 41-60%; ‘D’
class 61-80% and ‘E’ class 81-100%. Furthermore, the weed
community frequency patterns are compared with the
normal frequency pattern of Raunkiaer (A>B>C>=D<E).
Based on the frequency pattern of the community, the
homogeneity and heterogeneity of the vegetation are
determined. If the values are high with respect to B, C and
D, then the community is said to be heterogeneous where
as higher values of E indicates the homogeneous nature.
 References

— Rana SS, Badiyala Dinesh, Sharma Neelam, Kumar Rajinder, Pathania Pawan.
2017. Impact of Tembotrione on Weed Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize
(Zea mays L.) under Mid Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Pesticide
Research Journal 29 (1): 27-34.
— Rana S.S., Dinesh Badiyala, Neelam Sharma, Rajinder Kumar, Rajesh Thakur,
Suresh Kumar and Pawan Pathania. 2016. Herbicide combinations for weed
management under direct-seeded rice in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of
Weed Science 48(3): 266–271.
— Rana MC, Rajni Sharma and SS Rana. 2016. Evaluation of combinations of
herbicides to manage mixed weed flora in wheat. International Journal of
Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 3(6): 40-48.
— Shivani Chand, MC Rana and SS Rana. 2016. Effect of time and method of
post-emergence atrazine application in controlling weeds in maize.
International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 3(6):
49-59.
— Walia US. 2003. Weed Management. Kalyani.
— Kumar Suresh and SS Rana. 2013. Standardization of dose and time of
application of sulfosulfuron for weed control in wheat. Himachal Journal of
Agricultural Research 39(2): 103-110.
— Kumar Suresh, SS Rana and NN Angiras. 2013. Weed management in
blackgram with specific reference to Ageratum conyzoides. Himachal Journal
of Agricultural Research 39(2): 111-119.
— Kumar Suresh and SS Rana. 2013. Bioefficacy of Bispyribac-sodium for weed
control in direct seeded rice. Pesticide Research Journal 25(2): 123-127.
— Kumar Suresh, SS Rana, Navell Chander and Neelam Sharma. 2013.
Integrated weed management in garlic. Indian Journal of Weed Science 45(2):
126-130.
— Kumar Suresh, SS Rana, Navell Chander and Ramesh. 2013. Mixed weed flora
management by bispyribac-sodium in transplanted rice. Indian Journal of
Weed Science 45(3): 151-155.
 — Rana SS and MC Rana. 2016. Principles and Practices of Weed Management.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi
Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 138 pages. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33785.47207)
— Rana SS and Suresh Kumar. 2014. Practical Manual - Principles and practices
of weed management. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 55 pages. (DOI:
10.13140/RG.2.2.27494.01603)
— Mawalia AK, Kumar S and Rana SS. 2015. Economics of post-emergence
weed control in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) under mid hill condition of
Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 41(1): 25-29.
— Rana SS and Suresh Kumar. 2014. Research Techniques in Agronomy.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi
Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 64 pages. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27074.58562)

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