LESSON

1.2

• Kinds of Sets
• Universal Set and Subset
 Learning Objectives
1.Name and describe the different
kinds of sets.
2.Illustrate subsets and universal
sets.
3.Use Venn diagram to illustrate
subsets and universal sets.
 ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Consider the set consisting
of whole numbers from 1 to 20. Let this
be set U. Form smaller sets consisting of
elements of U that share a different
characteristic. For example, let E be the
set of all even numbers from 1 to 20.
 𝑈 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}

1. E={even numbers from 1 – 20} 𝐸 = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}

2. O={odd numbers from 1 – 20} O= {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}

3. M={multiples of 3} M= {3,6,9,12,15,18}

4. F={multiples of 5} F= {5,10,15,20}

5. B={numbers between 7 and 14} B= {8,9,10,11,12,13}

6. C={even numbers between 3 and 12} C=

{4,6,8,10}
Kinds of Sets
 Equal Sets and Equivalent Sets
• Two sets that contain exactly the same
elements are said to be equal sets.
A={a,e,i,o,u} B={e,i,u,a,o} A=B

C={c,a,r} D={a,r,c} C=D

K={5,7,9} L={5,8,9} K≠L

 Equal Sets and Equivalent Sets
• Two sets that contain exactly the same number of
elements are called equivalent sets.
E={1,2,3,4} F={m,a,t,h} E~F

G={2,4,6,…,50} H={1,3,5,…,49} G~ H

S={10,11,12} O={1,2,3,4} S is not equivalent

to O
NOTE: All equal sets are equivalent but not all equivalent
sets are equal. S={m,a,d,e} P={d,e,a,m}
E={2,4,6,8,10} O={1,3,5,7,9}

Empty Set or Null Set

• A set with no element is an empty set or null
set.The symbol for an empty set is ∅ or { }.
M={months with 32 days}
 Finite Set or Infinite Set
• Finite set is a set that contain a definite number of
elements.

A={odd numbers between 100-200} A={101,103,105,…,199}

L={x|x is greater that 6 but less than 11} A={7,8,9,10}

 Finite Set or Infinite Set

• Infinite set is a set whose number of elements is

indefinite or uncountable
E={even numbers} E={2,4,6,…}
W={whole numbers} W={0,1,2,…}

C={counting numbers} C={1,2,3…}

 Joint or Disjoint Set

• JOINT SETS – sets with at least one common element

C={1,2,3,4,5} E={2,4,6,8,10}

• DISJOINT SETS – sets with NO common element

Q={1,2,3,4,5} T={6,7,8,9,10}
 Unit Set

• UNIT SETS – sets with one element

C={numbers from 1-10 C={2}

with W in spelling}
 CLASSWORK!
Classify the given sets as finite, infinite, null,
or unit set.
1. A={x|x is a whole number and x ≥ 50} INFINITE
2. B={students in DLA} FINITE
NULL
3. C={months with 32 days}
UNIT/FINITE
4. D={days with W in spelling}
5. E={x|x is a counting number greater that INFINITE
2000}
 CLASSWORK!

Classify the given sets are equal or

equivalent.
1. A={1,2,3,4,5} B={5,10,15,20,25} EQUIVALENT
2. C={4,8,12,16} D={16,12,4,8} EQUAL
3. E={m,a,t,h} F={c,a,r,s} EQUIVALENT
Universal Set
and
Subsets
 𝑈 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}

1. E={even numbers from 1 – 20} 𝐸 = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}

2. O={odd numbers from 1 – 20} O= {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}

3. M={multiples of 3} M= {3,6,9,12,15,18}

4. F={multiples of 5} F= {5,10,15,20}

5. B={numbers between 7 and 14} B= {8,9,10,11,12,13}

6. C={even numbers between 3 and 12} C= {4,6,8,10}

Universal Set is a complete set of objects
under consideration. The symbol used for
universal set is letter “U” as in U={objects}.
Subset. Set A is a subset of set B, written
A ⊆ B if and only if every element in A is
also an element of B.
UNIVERSAL SET
𝑈 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}

SUBSETS
𝐸 = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20} F= {5,10,15,20}

O= {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19} B= {8,9,10,11,12,13}

M= {3,6,9,12,15,18} C= {4,6,8}
VENN DIAGRAM
U

SUBSET
VENN DIAGRAM
U U
DOGS Z

POODLES K

“All poodles are dogs.” Z={1,2,3} K={1,2}

Poodles ⊆ Dogs K⊆Z

A= {1,2,3,4,5,6} E= {2,4,6}

U
A

E
O= {1,3,5,7,9} T= {3,9}

U
O

T
 The number of subsets of a certain set is given by
2𝑛 , where 𝑛 is the cardinal number of the given set.

 A null set is a subset of L={a,b} P={1,2,3}

every set. 2𝑛 = 22 = 4 2𝑛 = 23 = 8
1. {}
 Every set is a subset of 1. { } 2. {1,2,3}
2. {a, b} 3. {1,2}
itself. 4. {1,3}
3. {a} 5. {3,2}
4. {b} 6. {1}
7. {2}
8. {3}
PROPER SUBSET
• Set A is a proper subset of set B, written
as A ⊂ B, if and only if every element of
set A is an element of set B and if there is
at least one element in B not contained in
A.

• A proper subset is always a subset.

 CLASSWORK!
Let the universal set be U={0,1,2,3,4,5,6}, and let P, Q, and R be the following
sets.
P={2,4} Q={0,2,4,6} R={4,2}
Fill in each blank with the correct symbol: ⊆ or ⊄.
1. Q __ ⊆ _ U
2. ∅ __ ⊆ _ P
3. P __ ⊆ _ Q
4. Q ⊄ R
5. R ⊄P
 CLASSWORK!
List all subsets of each set.
1. A={1} 2. B={2,4}
2𝑛 = 21 = 2 2𝑛 = 22 = 4

1. { }
1. { }
2. {2,4}
2. {1}
3. {2}
4. {4}
 By
Anonymous

The Different Set of People

Everyone of us is different in some way,

but for those of us who are more different,
we have to put more effort into convincing
the less different that we can do the same
thing they can, just differently.
Thank you!
Godbless!