Listening Intermediate Activator

CON TEN T 5
Before You Start 1 12
PART I Basic Comprehension
Chapter 01 Main Idea ..... 15

- Biology
Chapter 02 Details .......... 29

_ History
Progress Test 1 ... 43
PART II Connecting Information
Chapter 03 Organization. . 49
- Earth Science
Chapter 04 Purpose. ................................ 63

-Astronomy
Progress Test 2 . 77
10 www.nhantriviet.com
PART III Content Linking
Chapter 05 Relationship. 83
_ Music & Art
Chapter 06 Inference 97
_ Social Studies
Progress Test 3 .. ... 111
PART N I Pragmatic Understanding
Chapter 07 Attitude .. .. 117

_ Ecology
Chapter 08 Function .. 131

_ Literatu re
Progress Test 4 . ...... ... 145
ActuaL Test 1 1_51
Appendix 1 _
Answer Key & Audio Scripts . 161
www.nhantriviet.com 11
1 Listen for key words. Key words are often stressed by a speaker because
the words indicate essential information in a sentence. They will sound
louder, longer and higher-pitched than other words.
~ CD 1-02 Many people get confused about the differences between a turtle
and a tortoise. The main difference is that a turtle lives in or near
water whereas a tortoise stays on land. Another difference is that
a turtle eats other animals, but a tortoise eats plants.
2 Listen for words that are repeated or paraphrased. A speaker will often
use different words to express the main idea while giving details. These
words will help you understand what a speaker mainly talks about.
~CD 1-03 Alaska is the largest U.S. state. Nicknamed "The last Frontier,"
it is at the northwest end of North America. It is the only non-
contiguous state in the U.s. That means this special state is on
the U.S. mainland but is separated from the other states by
Canadian land.
3 Listen for signal words. A speaker will often use words to indicate the
introduction, major steps or ideas, examples and the conclusion or summary.
These words will help you understand how the passage is organized.
~ CD 1-04 let me explain the steps to making a volcano model. First, put
the water, soap, food coloring and vinegar in the drink bottle.
Next, wrap the baking soda in the tissue and drop it into the
bottle. Then the volcano will soon erupt.
4 Pay attention to a speaker's attitude and feeling. The tone of voice will
help you understand the attitude or feeling of a speaker. For instance,
a speaker may not directly say he or she is angry, but you can tell whether he
or she is through the tone of voice.
~ CD 1-05 A: Are you angry that I didn't call you back?

B: No. It's fine. I'm sure you were very busy.
A: I was. I didn't even have time to go to the bathroom!
What did you wantto tell me?
B: You know what? I can't even remember. Forget about it.
5 Pay attention to the intonation - how a speaker's voice goes up and

down. The intonation will help you understand more clearly what a speaker
is saying.
~ CD 1-06 A: You went abroad during the holidays, didn't\you?

B: Yes, I did.
A: Where did you~~?
B: I went to Boracay with my family.
A: Where did/you go?
B: Boracay. It's a city in the Philippines.
Oh, and guess what! I saw Tom Cruise!
A: You saw Tom Cruise/in person?
B: That's right.
PART I
Basic Comprehension
• ,
CHAPTER 101
Main Idea
Biology
Students will learn how to find main
idea of a passage. They will practice
listening for general ideas and key
words.
Introduction
Main Idea questions ask you what the subject or main topic of a conversation
or a lecture is generally about. The questions also ask what the overall
point of the passage is. They are usually the first question after each
listening.
Typical Question Types

What is the main topic of the lecture?
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
Listener's Strategies
• Pay attention to repeated words.
Words that are related to the main topic are often repeated several times.
Words that are similar in meaning are also used.
• Pay attention to introductory words.

The speaker often mentions the main topic at the beginning of the talk.
_I'd like to talk to you about ...
_ Today, I want to take a look at ...
• Pay attention to conclusion words as well.

Sometimes the speaker mentions the main topic at the end of the talk.
_ To sum up .
_So you see .
16 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

Sample
Listen to a lecture in a biology class. CD1-08
What is the main topic of the lecture?
@ What cactus spines do

CID What cactuses look like
@ How cactuses can live on dry lands
@ How mosses and cactuses are different
Choose the correct word for each meaning.
a very small plant that grows in wet places
to make a liquid change into a gas
to keep something to use in the future
slightly wet or watery
to pull something in
suck up moss store evaporate moist
www.nhantriviet.com 01_ Main Idea 17

~Start Up
Listen and fill in the blanks. Then choose the correct answer. CD1-09
add _
Talk about Emily's _. _ check for spelling _
think of a better _
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
(A) How to make a better report

(B) The good points about the report
(C) Some reference books on beavers
(D) How beavers build dams and their home
G Excuse me, Mr. Smith. Alison said you me.
T Yes, Emily. I want to talk about your . You did a good job, but there
are a I'd like to _
G Okay.
T Your report was about how build dams and their homes in rivers.
That was very good. But I think you should also why. Why does a
beaver a , make a pond and then build a home inside
that 7 Do you know I mean?
G OK, I see.
T You should also check for . For example, here, you left
out a "b" in "webbed." And you need to try to a better
title than The Beaver.
G Maybe Beavers at Work?
T There you go! _
18 PART1_ Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

Listen and fill in the blanks. Then choose the correct answer. CDHO
Some kinds of _
saliva mucus
- carries , nutrients - keeps your mouth _ - protects your body from
- carries away - helps you food
What is the teacher mainly talking about?
(A) How your body makes different fluids

(B) Why the human body needs blood
(C) Where the food gets digested in your body
(D) What different fluids do in your body
Body fluid is a general term _ ____ for all _
in your body such as blood, saliva, mucus, ---- ____ and so forth.
These kinds of different fluids in your body all work together to help you ----
_____ ,.Let's take a look at some of them.
First, there is . Your heart sends it all around your body. Blood carries
_____ and other to your cells and organs. It also waste
_____ from your body.
Second, there is saliva. It is made in your mouth to your mouth ----
It also helps you food. When you chew, covers the food you
eat and the food becomes . This makes it easier
for the food to move through your -----
Third, there is mucus. _ __ is a body fluid. It covers some parts of
your body like the inside of your ears and nose. It your body from bacteria.

~ Power Up
Listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student. CD1-11
1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? Note-taking
(A) Counting calories in different foods Main Topic
(B) Healthy ways to lose weight

(C) The effect of different diets
(D) Good foods for dieting
Details
2 What is true about the conversation?
(A) No young people need to lose weight.

(B) Taking pills sometimes helps people lose weight.
(C) Adults need more diets than the youth.
(D) Overweight people should eat less fat.
Finding Main Idea CD1-12
T Of course, some should go on a diet because being
overweight can cause . But _
_____ is weight. You shouldn't
__________ . Also, you shouldn't eat just one food or _
_____ for dieting. _
_____ is to eat a variety of and to _
_____ fat and sugar.
• Signal Words_ What I'm saying is ...
20 PARTe Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

1 What is the main topic of the lecture? Note-taking
(A) Why people hate bats Main Topic
(B) Bats and their habits

(C) How bats help humans
(D) The truth about bats
Details
2 According to the lecture, what is true about bats?
(A) Bats are mice with wings.

(B) Bats clean themselves in the way cats do.
(C) Bats cause insect pest problems.
(D) Bats cannot see well in the dark.
Finding Main Idea CD1-14
______________ mammals this month. Today _
____ about bats. Well, first of all, bats may look like
mice, but they are not in the same family as . They are not _
either. They are _ _____ are the only mammals that _
____ , not many people like bats. bats are
_________ that live in _
• Signal Words_ Today we're going to talk about ...

Challenge TOEFL iBT
Listen to a conversation in a biology class. CD1-15
1 What is the conversation mainly about?

@ Following the instructions for a frog dissection
CID Questions and answers about a frog dissection
@ A discussion about a frog's life
@ A test on a frog's organs
2 According to the conversation, which of the following does

the student NOTdo?
@ Place the frog in the pan.
CID Make sideway cuts.
@ Pull the skin open.
@ Cut the frog's organ.
3 What is the purpose of this class?

@ To make an observation of the frog's organs
CID To learn how to use a scalpel and forceps
@ To follow the teacher's instructions
@ To evaluate what students learned in a biology class

- -
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'l!i d. ,..'" ,'- \,.-
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1 What is the main topic of the lecture?

@ Six basic kinds of vitamins
CID Features of some vitamins
@ What water-soluble vitamins are
@ How to get various vitamins from food
2 Indicate whether each of the following describes vitamin A or

vitamin C. Tick in the correct box.
Vitamin A Vitamin C
It helps keep your gums healthy.
It is found in spinach.
It is needed to see well in the dark.
3 According to the lecture, which of the following is NOTtrue?

@ You should eat a mix of food to get all the vitamins.
CID Vitamin C helps you heal when you get sick.
@ Oranges and lemons have lots of vitamin C.
@ Vitamin C stays longer in your body than vitamin A.

~ Follow Up
Listen and fill in the blanks. CD1-17
T Everybody ready CD ? OK, please @ _
You should be careful. First, @ with water. Well, that's r
@---------
G Yes, sir.
T Second, CID in the pan on its back. @ _ ~ its legs to the pan.
G Yes, Mr. Brown.
T Third, (J)----- the skin between the frog's back legs with the forceps.
CID with the scissors @ . Fourth, make
sideway cuts. @ ?
G Yeah, I think so.
T Fifth, @ the loose skin. Use the scalpel to separate the skin
@ . Pull the skin open. Pin it to the pan.
G Yes, done.
T Next, lift the muscle between the frog's back legs @ . Cut
with the scissors to just below the @ . Hey! Not so deeply! You're
going to @ , too!
G Oh! I see. Do you think I cut an organ?
.T It looks OK. But, @ . Now cut sideways like you did with the skin.
G Like this?
T Yeah, good. Last, @ with the forceps. Use the
scalpel to @ the muscles @ _
24 PARTl_ Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

G Ew! I can see all the organs.
T Now, let's @ the frog's organs.
You've probably heard that such-and-such food is CD--------- because it

has @ vitamins. But what exactly are @ ?
Vitamins are @ found in the food that you eat. Your body needs them to
@ . So you have to get vitamins from @ _
Basically, there are (j) - vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D,
vitamin E, vitamin K and the B vitamins. Now, we'll be learning more about some of
them. Let's start with vitamin A. Vitamin A @ and keeps your
@ . It also helps you see better@ . Imagine you're out
playing ball with your friends. It is getting dark. If you eat food rich with vitamin A, you
would see the ball better. @ , milk, @ have a lot
of vitamin A.
Now, let's move on to @ . Vitamin C helps @ _
teeth, @ . It keeps your body @ _
If you do get sick, it @ . Fruits like oranges,
@ . have lots of vitamin C. That's why doctors tell you to
drink lots of orange juice when you have a cold.

Well, there is some @J vitamin A and vitamin C. Vitamin A
@ in your body until your body needs to use it. This kind of vitamin
is called a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C @ in your body. It
@ your blood system. This kind of vitamin is called a @ _
vitamin.

Word Review
Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese.
fluid n. a substance which flows and is not solid

syn.liquid
This StiellY fluid can be used as glue.
stay v. not to move away from or leave

syn.remain
How long are you going to stay in Korea?
digest v. to change food in the body into substances that can be used
Ifind that I can't digest meat easily.
overweight adj. too heavy for good health

I was a little overweight and I must go on a diet.
cause v. to make something happen, especially something bad

Smoking can cause lung cancer.
skip v. not to do something that you usually do

I had to skip breakfast because I woke up late.
pest n. a harmful insect or small animal

Some common pests are fleas and cockroaches.
instructions n. the information on how to do something

syn.directions
Wait till I get instructions from my boss.
separate v. to divide into parts

syn divide
It's hard to separate the top and bottom.
soluble adj. able to be dissolved in another substance

Is this pill soluble in water?
leave out to take someone or something out

syn.omit
Don't leave out my name from the list.
26 PARTe Basic Comprehension

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Find the word closest in meaning.
pest soluble overweight cause instructions
1 able to be dissolved in another substance
2 the information on how to do something
3 a harmful insect or small animal
4 to make something happen, especially something bad
5 too heavy for good health
Find the synonymous word.
leave out stay fluid separate
1 remam 2 liquid
3 omit 4 divide
Choose the correct word.
1 Saliva helps you ______ food.
a. digest b. cook c. supply
2 Use the scalpel to ______ the skin from the muscles.
a. connect b. separate c. attach
3 You shouldn't ______ meals to lose weight.
a. skate b. skin c. skip

Students can improve their listening skills through chunking and shadowing practice.
Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen and repeat. CD1-19
1 Eating just one thing is a terrible way to diet.

2 What you should do is to eat a variety of healthy foods.
3 Different fluids in your body work together to help you stay healthy.
4 One other thing that isn't true about bats is they are blind.
5 Fruits like oranges and strawberries have a lot of vitamin C.
Repeat the sentences while listening.
With Pause _CD1-20
1 In general, not many people like bats. People think bats are dirty animals
that live in dark caves. It is true they do live in dark caves, old houses or
mines, but they are not dirty. You know how cats lick themselves to be
clean. Well, bats do that, too.
Without Pause _CD1-21
2 Vitamins are substances found in the food that you eat. Your body needs
them to work properly. So you have to get vitamins from various kinds of
food.
Basically, there are six kinds of vitamins - vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin
0, vitamin E, vitamin K and the B vitamins. Now, we'll be learning more
about some of them. Let's start with vitamin A. Vitamin A helps you
grow and keeps your skin healthy. It also helps you see better at night.
Imagine you're out playing ball with your friends. It is getting dark. If
you eat food rich with vitamin A, you would see the ball better. Egg
yolks, milk, spinach and carrots have a lot of vitamin A.

PART I
CHAPTER 102
Details
History
Students are asked about supporting
ideas or specific pieces of information
that are stated in a conversation or a
lecture.
.f.....~;~~~~~ . ...~..~
~
.•..
02
. "
Details_History
'"' ..' ~.•.
'" -':~:, '
Introduction
Details questions check if you understand important information related to
the main topic of a conversation or a lecture. The questions will ask you to
identify specific ideas or facts about what is said.

Which of the following is (NOT) ?
According to the conversation, what is (NOT) true about ?
Who/What/When/Where/Why/How is ?
• Take notes on important information about the main topic.
Try to catch the information such as the following: new facts, definitions of
terms, descriptions, speaker's suggestions, speaker's problems .
• Listen for signal words.

They may help you find detailed information from a passage.
_ Example: for example, like, such as
_ Reason: because, since, due to
_ Addition: also, too, as well as
_ Restatements: that is, in other words
• Choose the paraphrased answer.

Do not simply choose an answer choice that repeats the words in a passage.

Sample
Listen to a lecture in a history class. CD1-23
According to the lecture, which of the following is true?
@ Early people could not write down their thoughts.

CID Papyrus was used in China to make thin sheets.
cg Cai Lun found a better way to make paper.
@ Chinese learned how to make paper from Europeans.
to make a thin shallow cut on a surface with something sharp
a way of doing something
to keep information for the future by writing it down
to make something better or to become better
to make, design or think of a new type of thing
improve invent scratch record method
www.nhantriviet.com 02_ Details 31

~ Start Up
Choose a group _
Who Why Problem

Andrew -goodat _ don't like to make the _
___ in history
Solution
the girls - will him practice
Which of the following is NOT true?

(A) Both girls think the boy should be the leader.
(B) The boy is confident about making presentations.
(C) The boy is better at history than the girls.
(D) The boy and the girls have to do a team project.
G1 Okay. Now that we've decided to do our on Rome, we need to
____ a . I think it should be you, Andrew.
B Me? Why?
G2 Because you're so . You are getting the
________ in our class. And you seem really _
the . I've heard you like to talk about you've seen on the
History Channel.
B Well, I like history. But the leader has to the , and I don't
like to do that. I speaking in front of others.
G1 We'll you for that part. Besides, someone who really
enjoys the subject is bound to make a better presentation. What do you say?
B Oh ... alright. I'll it a _

The Berlin Wall
When What Why
- by East German Gov.

1961 ---theWall
- to people from _
-bynew _
the fall of the ---
- to let people cross the _
According to the lecture, what is true about the Berlin Wall?
(A) Angry Germans tore down the Wall.

(B) West German leaders built the Wall in 1961.
(C) East Germans freely crossed to the West after 1989.
(D) The fall of the Wall caused the collapse of communism.
Well, of course, one of the most of the 20th century was the
____ of the Berlin Wall. Berlin was communist East
Berlin and West Berlin. Many people tried to East Berlin for
the West ____. The East German wanted
to stop them . So they ---- ---- ----
in 1961. Many people died trying to cross the Wall.
By the end of the 80's, the world was . Communism had ----
________ . Neighboring countries such as and Poland
were no longer communist countries. was changing, too. In
1989, new leaders of the West and the East decided to let people cross the Wall. As
soon as this was , people _ the Wall and started to
____ it . They danced and celebrated the fall of the Wall. Some of
them a piece of the wall as a _

~ Power Up
1 What should the student write about? Note-taking
(A) The art museum Main Topic
(B) Historically important artifacts

(C) The most beautiful artifacts
(D) Artifacts that draw his attention
Details
2 What should the student NOT do?
(A) Write a two-or three-page long report.

(B) Make sketches of the artifacts on the paper.
(C) Copy the entire explanation of the artifacts.
(D) Search the Internet for information about the artifacts.
Finding Details CD1-27
T Yes. I don't want you to choose the most or _
____ the ones you think are interesting. _
_____ , choose things that _
____ . Something that makes you think "That's really ," or
"I what that is." Do you ?
• Signal Words_In other words, ...
34 PART 1_ Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

1 According to the lecture, what is NOT true about Note-taking
the Renaissance? Main Topic
(A) It started around the 14th century.

(B) Human feelings were important in art.
(C) People wanted to learn more about science.
(D) People did not believe in God anymore.
Details
2 What is the lecture mainly about?
(A) Why the Middle Ages ended

(B) Why the Renaissance began in Italy
(C) What changed during the Renaissance
(D) What the church did during the Middle Ages
Finding Details CD1-29
• It began in around the century and lasted ----
the century.
_________ were thought of simply -----
_________ . However, this belief changed -----
_____ . Many people started to believe that humans were and
hada _
• But during the _ _____ became ----
religious and social _
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02_ Details 35
Challenge TOEFL iBT
Listen to a conversation between two students. CD1-30
1 What are the students mainly talking about?

@ Why the boy is more interested in World War I
CID Where the girl can find materials about World War I
@ How the boy can help the girl's report
@ What topic the girl should write a report about
2 What is NOTa reason for World War I being called, "the Great War"?
@ It was the primary event of 20th century.
CID It was the first global war.
@ Not only soldiers but others were involved in the war.
@ New guns and gas were used during the war.
3 According to the conversation, which of the following is true?

@ The girl thinks the world war is a very important event.
@ The boy has finished his report on the world war.
@ There is the reference section on the 1st floor of the library.
@ Students can read journals on the 2nd floor of the library.

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'. 'lI '!i<t,.~. ~ 1 '"-f.\,+ ,~_ •.
_ ~ _ _ _ r. ...._' - p~ ~ .""",- " ) ' 'J'r ~ '.. w. -
1 What is the main purpose of the lecture?

@ To introduce a famous person in American history
CID To introduce the history of American dictionaries
@ To describe how dictionaries are made
@ To explain how to use an English dictionary
2 What is NOTtrue about An American Dictionary of the English Language?

@ It included terms from the arts and sciences.
CID It had new words that had never been in other dictionaries.
@ It was more popular than any other book of its time.
@ It followed the American way of spelling words.
3 Why did Noah Webster make a dictionary?

@ He wanted to make money for his family.
CID He wanted to reward his students for studying.
@ He wanted to make a textbook for American students.
@ He wanted Americans to speak and write the same way.

~ Follow Up
G Can you help me for CD ? I have to write about
@ of the modem world. But I don't know @ _
as a topic.
B How about writing about the world war? I think the world war was the primary
eventofGD _
G That's a good idea. Ummm ... there were two CID , World War I and
World War II. Which one is @ ?
B (j) , I'd choose World War 1. I think it's more interesting.
It wasn't like any other war before. It was the @ so many nations
@ were at war. And not just soldiers - everyone
@J--------- the war. @ were used and gas was used
@ . You can describe@ at the time.
@ ,@ was called "the Great War" and "the war to
end all wars." You can @ people called it that.
G OK, good. Now, I have@ on what to do @ _
I need to @ to research.
B Well, go to the reference section @ of the library. There are
diverse @ you can refer to. Also, you should @ _
the periodicals section on the second floor. There are many @ _
You can get some @ from there.
G Thank you. You've just saved me a lot of time.
B ~ _

Today, I'd like to talk about an CD------- in the history of the United States.
@ about Noah Webster? Noah Webster was famous for his
@ . He was born in Connecticut in 1758. @ from
Yale University, he became a teacher CID . At the time, all of
the textbooks were @ . Webster thought (J) should
learn from American books. So in 1783, Webster @ _
A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. This book became @ _
popular American book of its time. It taught American children @ _
spell and pronounce words.
In addition, Webster @ that Americans @ of the
country spelled, pronounced and used words differently. He believed that all Americans
should speak and write @ . Thus, he began writing a dictionary.
@ , he finally@ his famous dictionary, An American
Dictionary of the English Language. It contained 70,000 words, including words that had
not @ in any earlier dictionary. It also @ from the
arts and sciences. Webster used @ such as "center" spelled c-e-n-t-e-r
instead of c-e-n-t-r-e, or "color" spelled c-o-l-o-r instead of c-o-l-o-u-r. He also added
@> such as "skunk" and "squash" that weren't in @ _
Noah Webster died in 1843. Although @ have been
published, Webster's dictionary is still @ _

Word Review
rush V. to move forward or go quickly

I rushed into the room to answer the phone.
I
souvenir n. something you buy or keep to remember a special event

syn. memento
This key chain is a souvenir from my trip.
artifact n. a man-made object of historical interest

These artifacts are from prehistoric times.
wonder V. to want to know about something

syn. be curious
I wondered where the parrots came from.
revive V. to restore to use, activity or notice

Some people tly to revive old customs.
diverse adj. made up of a wide variety of things

syn.various
They have met people from diverse countries.
article n. a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine

It is an article about the incident in today~ papers.
publish V. to make and sell a book, magazine or newspaper

The company also publishes children~ books.
be bound to to be extremely likely to happen

The new singer is bound to become a big star.
tear down to pull something down or destroy it using force

syn.demolish
They tore down the old house and built a new one.
catch one's eyes to capture one's attention

The abstract pictures really catch my eyes.

be bound to article artifact publish revive
1 to make and sell a book, magazine or newspaper
2 a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine
3 to be extremely likely to happen
4 to restore to use, activity or notice
5 a man-made object of historical interest
diverse wonder tear down souvenir
1 be curious 2 varIous
3 demolish 4 memento
1 As soon as this was announced, people to the Wall.
a. flashed b. brushed c. rushed
2 Take a look around the museum and choose three _
a. arguments b. artifacts c. astronauts
3 The man-made pond really _
a. catches a cold b. catches my eyes c. catches breath

1 Ancient Sumerians made clay tablets and scratched messages on them.
2 The paper was not good enough and it was complicated to make.
3 Take a look around and choose three artifacts.
4 Write down the name and any other important information.
5 Humans were creative and had a purpose.
With Pause _CD1-35
1 Webster thought American students should learn from American books.

So in 1783, Webster wrote his own textbook, A Grammatical Institute of
the English Language. This book became the most popular American
book of its time. It taught American children how to read, spell and
pronounce words.
2 Many people started to believe that humans were creative and had a
purpose. And this thought led to new works of art. Renaissance artists
wanted to show nature and true human feelings like love and romance.
Art wasn't just created for the church, but for people themselves.
In addition to the changes in art, great developments were made in
science. In the Middle Ages, people looked at the world in religious way
and depended on superstitions. But during the Renaissance, science
became as important as religious and social tradition.
42 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension

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TOEFl.:~ iBT ACTIVATOR Listening
PROGRESS
TEST 1
Questions 1-.,5
TOEFL Ustening
1 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
@ What questions will be on the pop quiz

CID How many questions will be on the pop quiz
@ What subject she should study for the pop quiz
@ How the student got her score on the pop quiz

2 What is true about the pop quiz?
@ It was a quiz about Columbus Day.

CID There were ten questions in all.
@ Twenty points was the highest possible score.
@ The essay questions totaled five points.
3 What mistake did the student make?
@ She forgot to circle an answer on a multiple choice question.

CID She circled two answers on a multiple choice question.
@ She did not realize that there were two essay questions.
@ She misunderstood one of the essay questions.
4 According to the conversation, why did Columbus sail west?
@ He wanted to become an explorer.

CID He wanted to leave Europe.
@ He wanted to discover America.
@ He wanted to reach the Far East.
5 What is true about Columbus' first journey? Choose TWO answers.
@ Columbus made his first journey in 1492.

CID Columbus landed on an island near America.
@ Columbus landed on the mainland of America.
@ Columbus brought back silk and spices from the Far East.
Next ••
Progress Test 1 45
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Questions 6 ---1 0
@ What features reptiles have

CID How animal groups are divided
cg Why reptiles are the best animals
@ How mammals and reptiles are different
46 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension

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7 According to the lecture, what is the characteristic of vertebrates?
@ They have backbones.

CID They can hold their breath in water.
@ They shed their skin.
@ They are cold-blooded.
8 How is the Green Anaconda different from most reptiles?
@ It has dry, tough and scaly skin.

CID It has claws on its toes.
@ It breathes with lungs.
@ It gives birth to babies.
9 According to the lecture, which of the following is true?
@ Only some reptiles have waterproof skin.

CID Some reptiles do not have any legs.
@ Most reptiles breathe through their skin.
@ The eggs of reptiles are generally hard.
10 What is NOT mentioned in the lecture?
@ Why some reptiles hibernate

CID How young reptiles are born
@ Where most reptiles live
@ What animals are reptiles
Progress Test 1 47
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03 Organization_ Earth Science
,
1
Introduction
,
1
Organization questions ask you about the organizational structure of the
listening passage. They will check to see if you understand the order of
,
specific ideas or how information is presented in a conversation or a lecture.
,,1
,

How does the speaker explain ?
How does the teacher describe ?
How does the girl talk about ?
• Become accustomed with the various organizations of the passage.
It may help you recognize how particular information is connected to the
whole passage. There are the most common ways of organizing information.
_ Description _ Example _ Comparison
_ Process _ Classification _ Cause & Effect
_ Problem & Solution
• Catch the main topic.

Organization questions should relate closely to the main topic because they
deal with the whole structure of the passage.
50 PART11_Connecting Information
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Sample
Listen to a lecture in an earth science class. CD2-02
How does the teacher explain evaporation?
@ She draws a picture of process.

CID She gives an easy example.
@ She contrasts it with condensation.
@ She compares different types of evaporation.
a series of actions that lead to a goal
to completely change the appearance or form of something
something that is repeated or is continuous in the same order
to show an idea or feeling without stating it directly
to go up; ascend
transform process cycle rise up suggest
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03_ Organization 51
~ Start Up
Girl's problem Boy's advice

- __ project - tornadoes - check out Exploring Tornadoes
- don't have a how to write ': natural and to _
How does the boy describe the book Exploring Tornadoes?
(A) By mentioning his experience of using it

(B) By pointing out its difficulty and complexity
(C) By comparing it to other books that he read
(D) By explaining the contents of it
8 You look depressed. ?
G Oh, I don't know what to do! I have a about
tornadoes that's three days, but I don't have a clue
---- it!
8 Hmmm ... Have you done any yet?
G That's the thing! Most of the books I've tried to read are so _
---- - . They're too difficult.
8 Why don't you this book called Exploring Tornadoes,
written by Ian Chiasson? He wrote it in a way that's very and
G Exploring Tornadoes? OK. I'll check it out.
8 I read that book when I was researching , It's great,
G ____ for the tip.
52 PARTn_ Connecting Information

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Earthquakes plates too violently

I +
occur at the _ --_ of to come to the earth's surface
where the meet
the make and shakes which we feel
How does the teacher explain earthquakes?
(A) By contrasting past and present earthquakes

(B) By giving an example of a recent earthquake
(C) By describing the process of earthquakes
(D) By comparing earthquakes to other disasters
We've been talking about many types of . Today, we're going
to crustal movements, . An earthquake is a
________ of the ground. the earth's is a
____________ called tectonic plates. There are about 10 plates
____________ of the earth that _
slowly. Most earthquakes at the boundaries _
____ . The movement between plates is not _
_____ the plates move too , they create of energy to
come to the earth's surface. The waves make and which we
feel. This is called an earthquake.
Earthquakes are . In fact, happen
every day in different parts of the world. But, thankfully, most are _
_____ , so many people don't _
www.nhantriviet.com 03_ Organization 53

o Power Up
1 How does the boy show that the study group is Note-taking
effective? Main Topic
(A) He gives a personal example.

(B) He compares his science grade to others'.
(C) He mentions where and how often they meet.
(D) He says that it is recommended by Mr. Peterson.
Details
2 When do the members of the study group meet

together?
(A) Mondays and Tuesdays at 4 pm.
(B) Mondays and Wednesdays at 5 pm.
(C) Mondays and Tuesdays at 5 pm.
(D) Mondays and Wednesdays at 4 pm.
Finding an Example CD2-06
G Do I have to anything?
B Just your notes and review the last class. The get-togethers aren't
really formal or anything. We just try and _
____ with things we don't get. , I couldn't
____ why volcanoes erupt. Then someone in our group it.
____________ ,I a on
the last test.
• Signal Words_ For instance, ...
54 PARTIL Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

Listen to a lecture in an earth science class. CD2-0?
1 How does the teacher explain why fossils are rare? Note-taking
(A) By describing how fossils are formed Main Topic
(B) By mentioning how hard bones or shells are

(C) By showing a specific animal fossil
(D) By contrasting teeth fossils to bone fossils
Details
2 Why does the teacher mention dinosaur fossils?
(A) To show what fossils look like

(B) To prove a theory of fossils
(C) To highlight his own interest in dinosaurs
(D) To explain the function of fossils
Finding a Process CD2-08
Fossils are to form because most living things
decay easily _ ____ _ be fossils,
there should be dead plants or animals that need to be _
____ sediment as soon as possible . As
______________ time passes, piles up on the plants
or animals. These layers of sediment can damage.
____ millions of years, the plants or animals between
lots of sediment .
• Signal Words_ In order to be fossils, there first ...
www.nhantriviet.com 03_ Organization 55

Challenge TOEFL iBT
TOEFL Listening
1 Why does the student want to talk with her teacher?

@ To get comments for her studies
CID To raise an objection to her grade
@ To explain her mistake
@ To say her difficulties in studying
2 Which of the following is NOTa suggestion made by the teacher?

@ Avoid studying at the last minute.
CID Study continuously throughout the term.
@ Pay attention to the exam.
@ Cram for the next exam.
3 How does the teacher mention the way to get good grades?
@ By giving pieces of advice for studying
CID By contrasting the girl's study habits to others'
@ By giving reasons the girl studies hard
@ By giving an example of a good student
56 PARTll_ Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com


@ The different uses of rocks
CID The benefits of rocks
@ The various types of rocks
@ The relationship between rocks and magma
2 What type of rock does each statement describe? Tick in the correct box.
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

rock rock rock
It needs heat and pressure.
It is made from molten magma.
It is easily found near lakes.
3 How does the teacher explain rocks?

@ By classifying several types of rocks
CID By showing pictures of various rocks
@ By talking about what each rock is made of
@ By emphasizing the importance of rocks
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03_ Organization 57
~ Follow Up
G Excuse me, Mr. Brown? Do you CD ?
T Sure, come on in.
G I want to tell you about my recent @ _
T Oh, yes.
G You see, I've just picked up @ . But I couldn't accept it because it
was much lower than @ _
T I see. @ your test sheet. Give me a moment. Ummm ...
Okay, I see a problem. You didn't answer@ of the paper.
G Oh, my! Are there (j) on the back?
T Yeah, why didn't you check?
G Oh, it's @ . Actually, it was @ my exam
because I @ studying @ _
T I said you'd better study every day -@ _
G Is there any way for me @ ? Ummm ... take a make up test
or something?
T I'm afraid that wouldn't be fair to@ if I gave you
@ . But I think I know what you're going through. It's not
@-------
G Yes, but I really@ a good grade.
T If you care so much about your grades, I @ that maybe you try
harder to @ the rest of the class. Instead of
@ atthelastminute,@ _
58 PART11_Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

a little bit every day. One more thing you should do is @ _
carefully on the upcoming tests.
G I guess you're right. Thank you for@ _
Rocks are CD three types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
To find out @ , we have to look at what the rock
@ , what its @ . is as well as how it is @ _
First, let's @ how it is formed.
Igneous rocks are made from molten magma. When this magma (j) _
igneous rocks are formed. Igneous rocks have @ : intrusive or
extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma cools down
@ . They take several @ _
@ , extrusive igneous rocks are shaped by molten magma
that @ of the earth. They form in only @ _
or weeks.
Let's move on to sedimentary rocks. They are formed from @ of other
rocks, @ , animals or sand. They are made from sediment @ _
a particular @ . Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of the earth's
surface. You can find them easily@ or near the ocean.
@) aremetamorphicrocks.Theyformedwhenother
rocks are changed through @ . They usually @. --- ..--
greater than 150aC and lots of high pressure. @ _
metamorphic rocks is @ . I think you've seen marble floors before in
@-----
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03_ Organization 59
Word Review
depressed adj. very unhappy and gloomy

syn,sad
I often go to the river when Ifeel depressed.
disaster n. a very bad accident or an event causing great harm

There have been so many natural disasters recently.
underneath prep. directly under another object or being covered by it

There are balls underneath the table.
boundary n. a line or border that separates something from others

syn,border
The sign marks the boundmy of the village.
get-together n. an informal meeting or party

I had a get-together at my house last Sunday.
formal adj. very correct and polite rather than relaxed and friendly
syn.official
I wrote a formal letter of apology to her.
erupt v. to explode or burst out suddenly

syn break out
A nearby volcano erupted violently.
remains n. the parts of something left after the rest has been destroyed
We visited the remains of a historic temple.
decay v. to gradually become rotten and weaker

syn.decompose
Vegetables are likely to decay.
cram v. to try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam

I'm cramming for my final exam.
marble n. a very hard rock used in building and sculpture

He's carving a statue out of marble.
60 PARTn_ Connecting Information

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disaster cram underneath get-together marble
1 an informal meeting or party
2 directly under another object or being covered by it
3 to try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam
4 a very hard rock used in building and sculpture
5 a very bad accident or an event causing great harm
formal depressed erupt decay
1 sad 2 break out
3 decompose 4 official
1 Most earthquakes occur at the where the plates meet.
a. bounces b. boundaries c. bounds
2 We visited the of an ancient palace.
a. remams b. remarks c. results
3 Danny wrote a letter of apology to the school principal.
a. informal b. formal c. familiar
03_ Organization 61
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1 The water transforms to a gas and rises up into the atmosphere.

2 Fossils are rare and difficult to form because most living things decay easily
after death.
3 I couldn't accept it because it was much lower than I had expected.
4 It was hard to focus on my exam because I had stayed up all night.
5 Metamorphic rocks require heat greater than 150°C and high pressure.
With Pause _CD2-14
1 Fossils are the remains or traces of living things that lived and died a long
time ago. They can be real material from the plants and animals such as a
bone, or a sign of the plants and animals' activity such as a footprint.
2 Rocks are divided into three types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
To find out the type of rock, we have to look at what the rock is made of,
what its texture is as well as how it is formed. First, let's start with how it
is formed.
Igneous rocks are made from molten magma. When this magma cools
down, igneous rocks are formed. Igneous rocks have two types: intrusive
or extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma cools
down inside the earth's surface. They take several thousand years to
form. On the other hand, extrusive igneous rocks are shaped by molten
magma that cools on the surface of the earth. They form in only a few
days or weeks.
62 PARTIe Connecting Information

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PART II
CHAPTER 104
Purpose
Astronomy
Students will learn why the speaker
organizes some ideas of a passage.
They will practice listening for signal
words for specific organization.

Introduction
Purpose questions check if you understand why some information of a

passage is related to the main idea or another part of the passage. The
questions will ask you why something is said or included in a conversation
or a lecture.
Why does the speaker mention 7

Why does the student talk about 7
Why does the teacher list 7
Why does the speaker describe 7
• Try to take notes of the sequence of ideas in the passage.

Take accurate notes of ideas like examples, cause and effect relationships or
comparisons that you listen .

Pay attention to key connection words - such as "for example," "in contrast,"
"similar to," "unlike" and so forth. They will give you a clue about the purpose
of some statements .
• Focus on how ideas are connected to each other.

As you are listening, always ask yourself, "Why is the speaker mentioning
this?" to prepare yourself.
64 PART 11_Connecting Information

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Sample
Listen to a lecture in an astronomy class. CD2-17
Why does the teacher mention the temperature inside?
@ To give a clue about death of Laika

CID To introduce the temperature of outer space
@ To talk about the normal body temperature of a dog
@ To compare Sputnik 2 to other space shuttles
to move around without direction or purpose
the feeling of panic or nervousness
homeless, ownerless
to send a spacecraft, missile, etc. into space or into the air
not moving, remaining still
motionless wander stress launch stray
www.nhantriviet.com 04_ Purpose 65

~ Start Up
____ Fair - make projects related to _
Girl Boy
- make a model _ - want to join in
.: studied propulsion - girl's suggestion: make a mini.
in a class ___ system
Why does the girl mention her science class?
(A) To say that the science teacher suggests making a model rocket
(B) To make a comparison between her class and the boy's
(C) To give a reason why she knows how to make a model rocket
(D) To tell the boy what she is currently learning in class
G Did you know that we're having a event next month?
8 Is it the where students related
to space? Are you going to enter it?
G Yes. Mr. Steve, our science teacher is making everyone in our class _
8 Really? Do you for what you're going to do?
G I'm rockets, so I might make a _
8 A rocket ... that sounds . Are you sure you can make it work?
G Of course. I studied jet propulsion in a class. I'll use a balloon to
power my rocket. It'll be cool! What about you?
8 I haven't really it, but I want to _
G Are you serious? Then, how about making a solar system?
8 That sounds great!
66 PART 11_Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

____ holes
things get -- .
& nothing _
Ex, a cleaner ": the force of _
Why does the teacher talk about a vacuum cleaner?

(A) To illustrate his explanation of a black hole
(B) To introduce what the inside of a black hole is
(C) To compare the gravity of a black hole to that of Earth
(D) To prove why a star collapses into a tiny point
Black holes are one of things in space. What
are they exactly? When a star runs out of , it cannot its heavy
weight , The star eventually collapses into a single ---- ----
This tiny point then becomes like a . It can
________ anything, Well, think about ----
____ , You can see the dirt and dust start to the
vacuum. A black hole is something in where things get
sucked in and nothing ---- -----
Then, why is everything a black hole? ---- ----
of the force of , Like the way that earth's gravity keeps us on the
_____ , that's what happens in a as well. Its pull is so
_____ that not even light can _
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04_ Purpose 67
~ Power Up
1 Why does the teacher mention NASA? Note-taking
(A) To help the student apply to be an astronaut Main Topic
(B) To give reasons for hard work and effort

(C) To describe what NASA does for people
(D) To explain how to become an astronaut
Details
2 According to the conversation, which of the following

is NOT true?
(A) NASA picks twenty people every year.

(B) There are many applicants for being an astronaut.
(C) Most astronauts are good at math and science.
(D) The student decides to study hard to be an astronaut.
Finding Purpose CD2-21
G But I don't know exactly _
---- ---- - a little bit about it?
T Okay. Have you ever heard about NASA? is an of
the U.S. . It is the study of _
Every two years, NASA to join its astronaut team.
• Signal Words_ Can you tell me ... ?
68 PARTIe Connecting Information

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1 Why does the teacher mention what Neil Armstrong Note-taking
said? Main Topic
(A) To illustrate how Armstrong landed on the moon

(B) To compare flying a jet plane to walking on the moon
(C) To emphasize the meaning of his accomplishment
(D) To help explain how humankind develops
Details
2 How does the teacher explain Neil Armstrong's life?
(A) By talking about his careers in the aviation field

(B) By listing episodes in the order of importance
(C) By comparing him to other astronauts
(D) By mentioning the aspects of his character
Finding Purpose CD2-23
____________ , on July 20th, Apollo 11
____ the moon and Neil Armstrong walked on the -----
____ . After on the moon, Armstrong said, "That's
one for man, one Ieap for ." This
was an in history people thought it would be
_____ to land on the moon .
• Signal Words_ This was an amazing moment in history because people thought ...
04_ Purpose 69
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Challenge TOEFL iBT

@ The life of Edwin Hubble
CID The future of astronomy
@ A telescope in outer space
@ Important discoveries in astronomy
2 Why does the teacher talk about a window?

@ To compare it to the telescope
CID To illustrate why a telescope is in space
@ To describe how a telescope works
@ To emphasize the importance of cleaning
3 Which of the following is NOT true about the conversation?

@ Hot and cold airs can interrupt taking pictures of stars.
CID The Hubble Telescope can create clear images.
@ Edwin Hubble studied the universe.
@ Edwin Hubble invented the Hubble Telescope.
70 PARTIC Connecting Information

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@ Facts about Mars
CID Planets on our solar system
CO Seasonal characteristics of Mars
CID Some evidence of creatures on Mars
2 Why does the teacher mention water on Mars?

@ To contrast Mars with Earth
CID To emphasize the height of mountains on Mars
@ To give reasons why polar ice caps ,exist
@ To explain life may have been possible
3 What comparison is made between Earth and Mars?

@ The size of the planet
CID The distance from the Sun
@ The color of the planet
@ The existence of water

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@ Facts about Mars

CID Planets on our solar system
@ Seasonal characteristics of Mars
(Q) Some evidence of creatures on Mars
2 Why does the teacher mention water on Mars?
@ To contrast Mars with Earth

CID To emphasize the height of mountains on Mars
@ To give reasons why polar ice caps exist
(Q) To explain life may have been possible
3 What comparison is made between Earth and Mars?
@ The size of the planet

CID The distance from the Sun
@ The color of the planet
(Q) The existence of water

~ Follow Up
G May I ask you about the Hubble Telescope?
T Sure, go ahead. What would you like to know?
G Well, CD , I read that the Hubble Telescope is located @ _
I have a telescope @ and sometimes I like to watch the stars. What I'm
wondering is why people don't just have a @ _
T That's a good question. See, @ it's able to see things more
clearly in space.
G Is that because it's @ in outer space?
T That's partly it. The main reason it can (j) is that the
Earth's atmosphere can't@ _
G Atmosphere? You mean air?
T Yes, I mean things like@ . Imagine if you
@ to your window. You can still see,
but not as clearly.
G Oh, I see. @ I want to know is how the telescope got
its name.
T Well, the telescope got the @ Edwin Hubble. Edwin
Hubble studied stars in @ and @ that the
universe was @ _
G He must've been a great astronomer.
T He sure was. He was @ galaxies outside of our own
Milky Way. So, the Hubble Telescope got its name @ his
achievement.
72 PARTII_ Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

Good afternoon, class. Today I'm going to talk about CD----- Mars. Mars is
@ objects in the night sky. It has been known
@ . I'm sure you've all seen @ about
@ from Mars, right? Mars has always interested @ _
because it is very close to (j) _
Many people think that life @ there. That's because @ _
shows @ on Mars in the past. But there are @ _
found yet. So, @ , scientists are studying the planet @ _
that @ in the past.
Mars is @ from the Sun in our solar system, and @ _
is the "Red Planet" because of its @ . This is caused by iron oxide.
@ , Mars has@ . Olympus
Mons may be @ and Yalles Marineris is
@ in Mars. @ , Mars has
@ . They exist on the @ of the
planet.
Like our own planet, Earth, Mars has ~ . The only @ IS
that seasons on Mars are roughly @ of those on Earth. That's
because Mars is @ from the Sun than Earth. Therefore, a year on Mars
is @ a year on Earth.
04_ Purpose 73
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Word Review
miniature adj.tiny version of something

syn. little
I have several miniature cars in my bedroom.
support v. to keep something upright or in place

syn.hold up
The marble pillars support the giant bridge.
escape v. to get away from a place or dangerous situation

Many people escaped from the contagious area.
discourage v. to take away hope

The final exam results discouraged students.
mankind n. the human race, all humans

syn. humanity
Mike is interested in the history of mankind.
astronomer n. a person who studies things in outer space

Astronomers discovered new planets.
flow v. to move along like water

syn.run
Blood flows inside our bodies.
canyon n. a deep valley with very steep sides

syn. ravine
The Grand Canyon is the most famous canyon
roughly adv.approximately, not exactly

syn.about
My father is roughly twice as old as I am.
run out to become used up

syn. be exhausted
My laptops battery finally ran out.
hit the books to study hard

I have to hit the books this weekend.
74 PARTIl_ Connecting Information

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flow astronomer canyon hit the books discourage
1 a deep valley with very steep sides
2 a person who studies things in outer space
3 to take away hope
4 to study hard
5 to move along like water
run out miniature support mankind
1 little 2 be exhausted _
3 humanity 4 hold up
1 Some evidence shows that water in this area.
a. flowed b. froze c. flooded
2 Danny is twice as tall as I am.
a. gently b. roughly c. lightly
3 A black hole's pull is so strong that not even light can ------
a. evaporate b. catch c. escape
04_ Purpose 75
WWW.nhantriviet.com
Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen and repeat. C02-28
1 Laika was trained to fly in outer space.

2 I studied jet propulsion in a science class.
3 Neil Armstrong became the first human being to walk on the moon.
4 Edwin Hubble studied stars in faraway galaxies.
5 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
With Pause _C02-29
1 Neil Armstrong was born on August 5th, 1930 in Ohio. In university, he

studied aeronautical engineering as well as aerospace engineering. After he
graduated, he became a test pilot to fly new planes. These new planes were
the fastest planes that had ever been made. Armstrong piloted planes that
flew as fast as the speed of sound.
Without Pause _C02-3D
2 Good afternoon, class. Today I'm going to talk about the planet Mars.
Mars is one of the brightest objects in the night sky. It has been known
since ancient times. I'm sure you've all seen science fiction movies about
creatures from Mars, right? Mars has always interested our imagination
because it is very close to our own planet.
Many people think that life may exist there. That's because some
evidence shows water flowed on Mars in the past. But there are no rivers
or oceans found yet.
76 PART II_ Connecting Information

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Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen and repeat. C02-28
1 Laika was trained to fly in outer space.

2 I studied jet propulsion in a science class.
3 Neil Annstrong became the first human being to walk on the moon.
4 Edwin Hubble studied stars in faraway galaxies.
5 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
With Pause _C02-29
1 Neil Armstrong was born on August 5th, 1930 in Ohio. In university, he

studied aeronautical engineering as well as aerospace engineering. After he
graduated, he became a test pilot to t1y new planes. These new planes were
the fastest planes that had ever been made. Annstrong piloted planes that
flew as fast as the speed of sound.
Without Pause _C02-3D
2 Good afternoon, class. Today I'm going to talk about the planet Mars.
Mars is one of the brightest objects in the night sky. It has been known
since ancient times. I'm sure you've all seen science fiction movies about
creatures from Mars, right? Mars has always interested our imagination
because it is very close to our own planet.
Many people think that life may exist there. That's because some
evidence shows water flowed on Mars in the past. But there are no rivers
or oceans found yet.
f
I
76 PARTIe Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

TOEFLat iBT ACTIVATOR Listening
PROGRESS
TEST
Questions 1'" 5
listen to a conversation between two students. CD2-31
1 What are the students mainly talking about?
@ How Pluto was first discovered

CID What scientists did not know about Pluto
cg Why Pluto should be kept as a planet
CID What makes Pluto a dwarf planet
78 PARTII_ Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

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I
,
2 How does the boy explain the reason Pluto cannot be a planet?
@ He describes what Pluto looks like.

CID He compares Pluto to Neptune.
@ He defines what a planet is.
@ He lists other objects like Pluto.
3 Why does the boy mention 2003 UB313?
@ To give an example of new planets

CID To emphasize that Pluto's size is a problem
@ To suggest that more planets should be added
@ To compare planets with dwarf planets
4 What is true about planets in our solar system? Choose TWO answers.
@ They are all in orbit around the Sun.

CID There are now nine planets.
@ 2003 UB313 will soon become a planet.
@ Their orbits do not overlap one another.
@ Pluto has recently become smaller in size.

CID The scientists all agreed that Pluto should not be a planet.
@ Pluto is smaller than 2003 UB313.
@ Pluto's shape is the only reason that it is not a planet anymore.
Next ••
www.nhantriviet.com Progress Test 2 79

Questions 6~ 1a
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@ How to stay safe in a strong tornado

CID Three worst cases of tornadoes in history
@ How tornadoes are formed and their effects
@ Differences between hurricanes and tornadoes
80 PARTIe Connecting Information www.nhantriviet.com

, ;' r~ - - I. I~!, r r' RE;EW VOlUME HElP BACK NEXT
...-"-. - - - en c:Joo 1 ~ •.
7 How does the teacher talk about the formation of tornadoes?
@ By explaining why tornadoes are dangerous

CID By describing how winds grow into a tornado
@ By comparing the movements of two tornadoes
@ By mentioning the damage caused by a recent tornado
8 Why does the teacher talk about the Super Outbreak?
@ To tell how violent tornadoes develop

CID To explain how tornadoes spread diseases
@ To mention tornado safety tips
@ To show how dangerous tornadoes can be
9 What should people NOT do when a tornado is coming?
@ Go to the basement.
CID Stop driving a car.
@ Go to the top floor.
@ Hide in a ditch.
@ Tornadoes are more common in the United States.

CID 330 tornadoes struck during the Super Outbreak.
@ Tornadoes are wider at the bottom than the top.
@ Tornadoes occur only during the spring.

PART ill
Content Linking
•
CHAPTER 105
Relationship
Music & Art
Students will learn how to recognize
what comparison is made or how

different ideas in the passage are
related.
Introduction
Relationship questions ask you to identify how a piece of information is
connected to either the main topic or other ideas. For these types of
questions, you may be asked how the things are similar or different and
how they are related.

What is (NOT) compared between __ and __ 7
What is the difference between and 7
What comparison does the teacher make between and 7
What is the next step after 7
They may help you identify a relationship between the different ideas.
_ Contrast: however, on the other hand, while, on the contrary
_ Comparison: similarly, likewise, in comparison to, instead of
_Sequence: first, then, the next step, after, last
• Make simple charts about the similarities and differences.

They may help you compare information and recognize how ideas are
organized .
• Pay attention to what happens at each step in the process.

If the speaker discusses a biography, historical events in a time order,
instructions for making something or an experiment, it is likely to be a question
about ordering and sequencing.
84 PARTllC Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

Sample
Listen to a lecture in a music class. CD3-02
What is NOT compared between the viola and the violin?

@Size
CID Tone
@Use
@ Price
how high or Iowa sound is
typical and normal
a pleasant combination of sounds
related to the body rather than the mind or emotions
a thin piece of wire stretched on an instrument
average physical harmony string pitch
www.nhantriviet.com 05_ Relationship 85

~ Start Up
The place for the _
Orpheus Hall The Royal Auditorium

- on Main Street - next to the _
___ to downtown ______ here
- quite _ - just _
Indicate whether each statement below describes Orpheus Hall or the Royal
Auditorium. Tick in the correct box.
Orpheus Hall The Royal Auditorium

It is closer to downtown.
It is new and great.
It is close to the highway.
G Did you hear that the has been ?
B Postponed? Why? What's the ?
G You know we play at the Grandview Concert
Hall. Well, it is still and it won't until
B So we have to another month to play?
G No, I heard that we're going to play . The ----
is thinking Orpheus Hall on Main Street the Royal
Auditorium the _
B The Royal? It's a bit far from here but it's great. It was just _
G Yes, the Orpheus is much to downtown, but it's quite -----
86 PARTIIC Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

___ the macaroni

___ the string through the _
Making a macaroni _ - push the needle some _
_ __ the needle from the _
- tie the loose together
What is the next step after threading the needle with the string?
(A) Coloring the macaroni

(B) Letting the macaroni dry
(C) Tying the two ends of the string together
(D) Pushing the needle through the macaroni
Today, we're going to a that the Seminole Native Americans
---- ---- - . The Seminole women wore the necklace all the
time. They got a necklace on each of until they _
40 years old. One new necklace on the neck each year. At
the age of 40, they began to one necklace year by year until
----- -- necklace was . Interesting, isn't it?
Now, let's make this necklace using macaroni. We'll need some uncooked macaroni,
----- ----- of paint, a large and some . The first
step is to the macaroni. Then the paint to dry.
Next, the string through the eye of the needle. After that, it
---- some colored macaroni. Make sure you get macaroni, so no
part of the string is . Finally, the needle from the _
Then tie the of the string together to form the _
And there you have it!

~ Power Up
Listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student. CD3-0S
1 What is compared between a cubist portrait and Note-taking
a realistic portrait? Main Topic
(A) The size of objects

(B) The colors used
(C) The difficulty of drawing
(D) The number of viewpoints
Details
2 How does the teacher explain Cubism?
(A) By describing pictures of it

(B) By contrasting it with other arts
(C) By introducing its history
(D) By mentioning famous cubists
Finding Comparison CD3-06
B Umm, it seems as if the face was all
________________ ! Why is it drawn like this?
T The looked at the world from . They tried to
show of an object at once _
____ describing the object from ---- ----
B I see. That's why it doesn't look anything like a ---- ----
• Signal Words_ ... instead of describing the object from one point of view.
88 PARTill_ Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

1 How is jazz music different from other music? Note-taking
(A) It is easy to listen to and play. Main Topic
(B) It is influenced by different music styles.

(C) It is played with special instruments.
(D) Its melody is sometimes created unplanned.
Details
2 According to the lecture, which of the following
is true?
(A) Jazz developed in the beginning of the 20th century
in Africa.
(B) Jazz sounds chaotic because many instruments are used.
(C) Improvisation is a type of rhythm for an interesting
sound.
(D) At first, jazz can sound strange because of syncopation.
Finding Differences CD3-08
Jazz is played using the guitar, piano and , which are -----
__________ used for other music. But it has some features -- -
_____ any other music. , the most _
_____ of jazz is improvisation. means making things up _
_____ . That is, the musicians a melody or _
a repeated section -----
• Signal Words_ It has some features different from any other music.

Challenge TOEFL iBT
1 What does the girl want to do?

@ Go to the art room.
CID Receive an allowance.
@ Buy things for painting.
@ Join an after-school club.
2 What comparison is NOT made between the painting club and the
knitting club?
@ When the club meets
CID Why the club is popular
@ How much the club costs
@ How many students joined the club

@ The girl is new to the school.
CID Both clubs meet after school at 5 pm.
@ All students in the knitting club are female.
@ The girl has to buy paper for the painting club.
90 PARTlIC Content Linking

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• '
~
-
REVIEW
.•.. -
VOLUME
~
~-
HELP
1
",-
~BACK'
~
----
" NEXT
-
Listen to a lecture in an art class. CD3-10

@ The life of Vincent Van Gogh
CID Vincent Van Gogh's painting style
@ Famous paintings of sunflowers
@ The art of the impressionists
2 Why does the teacher mention chrome yellow?

@ To introduce Van Gogh's most famous work
CID To demonstrate how Van Gogh mixed paint to create colors
@ To explain how all sunflower paintings are similar
@ To give an example of the new colors Van Gogh used
3 Indicate whether each of the following describes Van Gogh's

earlier works or his later ones. Tick in the correct box.
Earlier works Later works

Drawing the exact form of the subject
Influenced by the impressionists
Using dark colors
Using bright colors

~ Follow Up
G Hi! I heard that the school has CD and@ clubs? I'm
@ here and I'd be @ _
T Welcome! That's right. Actually we have CID arts and crafts clubs.
Among them, I'd like to @ or
(j)--------
G Sounds @ . Could you @ them?
T The painting club is the @ . There are about 15 students in
the club. The knitting club is also popular. They have @ _
5 or 6 are boys and 2 or 3 are girls.
G Would it be possible to join @ ?
T I don't see @ . They each meet on @ of the
week. The painting club meets on @) , and the knitting club on
@-----
G I see. And @ and @ does each club meet?
T They all meet @ at 4 pm @ on the second
floor. They usually run to 5 or 5:30.
G Do I have to @ _____ anything?
T Well, it @ _____ the club. We @ paper and paint, but you
@ -- your @ and palette for the painting club.
The knitting club is @
G Will the @ _______ be@ ? I don't have much of an
allowance.
92 PART III_ Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

T They @ much. You can buy everything for under 20 dollars.
G That doesn't @ . Thank you.
Vincent Van Gogh was born on March 30th, 1853. Van Gogh did not become a painter
CD . But @ of his life, he created
@ 2,000 works of art. Quite @ , isn't it?
Van Gogh's @ are very @ his later ones. At first, he
was interested in showing (j) in a @ _
He used @ to do this. @ of these earlier works is
a painting called The Potato Eaters. It shows five peasants @ _
eating potatoes under an oil lamp. The whole painting is very dark and realistic.
Looking at the painting, you can @ you are sitting right there with
@-------
In 1886, Van Gogh @ to live with his brother, Theo. There, he
saw how impressionists used @ and painted @ short,
thick strokes of paint in their works. The @ tried to @ _
of their subjects @ their @ . Van Gogh also began
painting @ . This change can be seen in the famous Sunflowers
series. From 1888 to 1889, he drew@ of sunflowers
@ . These paintings show sunflowers @ _
from @ to ~ . His Sunflowers series is
famous for its use of@ , especially a @ _
called chrome yellow. These paintings are loved for their @ as well.

Word Review
recital n. a musical performance given by one or more musicians

Tickets for the recital were all sold out.
postpone v. to delay something until later

syn. put off
The departure was postponed until Friday.
portrait n. a drawing, painting or photograph of a person

The man asked me to paint his portrait
paste v. to stick something to something else using glue

We pasted posters on the walls.
chaotic adj. without order or sense

syn. disorderly
The traffic was chaotic after the heavy snowfall.
appreciate v. to know the full value of something

syn.value
He is the only person who appreciates the music.
supply v. to provide people with something that they need or want

syn. give
Our community will supply books for children.
allowance n. money given to someone regularly

syn. pocket money
My father gives me an allowance of 30 dollars.
cost v. to have a particular price

How much does this sweater cost?
exact adj. completely correct in every detail

syn. accurate
I can't remember the exact date of her birthday.
on the spot without delay, immediately

She wrote the poem on the spot.
94 PART IIC Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

recital portrait on the spot allowance cost
1 money given to someone regularly
2 a drawing, painting or photograph of a person
3 to have a particular price
4 without delay, immediately
5 a musical performance given by one or more musicians
postpone chaotic exact appreciate
1 accurate _ 2 disorderly
3 put off 4 value
1 It seems as if the face was cut and all in ajumbled manner.
a. pasted b. passed c. paced
2 The man asked the painter to draw his _
a. portrait b. photograph c. graph
3 We paper and paint, but you have to buy your own brushes.
a. surround b. supply c. surf

1 Most people can't tell the difference between a violin and a viola.
2 The cubists tried to show all the sides of an object at once. I
3 You'll learn to appreciate its rhythms and melodies.
4 You have to buy your own brushes and palette for the painting club.
5 Vincent Van Gogh drew several oil paintings of sunflowers in vases.
With Pause _CD3-14
1 Here is another example of cubism. If you look closely at this picture of

human body, you will find geometric shapes. This is another feature of
cubism. The cubists use cubes, cylinders, balls and cones to simplify
objects.
2 Vincent Van Gogh was born on March 30th, 1853. Van Gogh did not
become a painter until he was 27. But during the last ten years of his life,
he created more than 2,000 works of art. Quite amazing, isn't it?
Van Gogh's earlier works are very different from his later ones. At first,
he was interested in showing farmers' lives in a natural realistic way. He
used dark colors to do this. The most famous of these earlier works is a
painting called The Potato Eaters. It shows five peasants sitting around a
table eating potatoes under an oil lamp.
96 PARTI1I_ Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

PART ill
CHAPTER 106
Inference
Social Studies
Students will practice predicting
what comes next or drawing
conclusions about certain effects
based on ideas given in the passage.

Introduction
Inference questions check if you can guess the implied meaning or fact
from what the speaker says. The questions will ask you to infer what is
likely to happen or what the real meaning of a sentence or a phrase is.

What can be inferred from 7
What is probably true about 7
What does the student imply about 7
What will the speaker probably do next7
• Catch the main idea and pay attention to the context.

They may help you guess the implied meaning of a certain sentence or phrase.
• Recognize the word stress and intonation.

The speaker uses specific stress and intonation to express what he or she
means .
• Listen for signal expressions.

You may predict what will happen next through the certain 'words or phrases
that the speaker mentions.
_I will, 1 think, We'll talk, You'd better, etc.
- tomorrow, next time/week, this afternoon, etc.
98 PARTUl_ Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

Sample
Listen to a lecture in a social studies class. CD3-17
What can be inferred about extracurricular activities?
@ They take time away from studying.

CID They prepare students for later success.
@ They make students' hobby more fun.
@ They guarantee students will be accepted to university.
to deal with, control or manage
involving relationships between people
a duty to be in charge of someone or something
relating to one's ability to think and understand things
to successfully complete something
intellectual handle responsibility achieve interpersonal
www.nhantriviet.com 06_ Inference 99

~Start Up
Boy's problem --- Girl's suggestion

I
- need to Mr. Green --- his office you visit
-visited his -always _
- e-mail - X polite - X answer - leave a _
What will the boy probably do next?

(A) He will go and talk to Mr. Green at his office.
(B) He will write an e-mail to Mr. Green.
(C) He will study for the upcoming exam.
(D) He will make a phone call to Mr. Green.
B I really - to Mr. Green to ask about the exam.
G ----- visit his office?
B That's what 1 . But he was _
when I . The exam is . It's quite _
G What -- do you have?
B I don't understand the two houses of the U.S. - .It
might be on this exam.
G Have you him? The e-mail address is on the _
B Hmm ... I think it isn't a way to ask bye-mail.
G Then, you - his office you visit him.
If he doesn't answer, then you can a _
B OK. Thank you for _
100 PARTnc Content Linking

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What - - Not In My BackYard: dirty or unsuitable

facilities to be built nearby
NIMBY
Why - - afraid - facilities will cause serious _
most facilities: X serious problems
What does the teacher imply about NIMBY feelings?
(A) They are based on misunderstanding.

(B) They have a good effect on social development.
(C) They result from correct information and evidence.
(D) They should be respected and accepted.
If waste dumps are built in , then how do you feel?
Generally, people don't want to be built nearby. This
phenomenon is called NIMBY, which "Not In My BackYard."
NIMBY therefore describes having dirty or
---- facilities near their own communities. Though people usually
---- those facilities are , they don't want them to _
their own town. For example, people see the a treatment
center for drug addicts or a new social housing project, but they _
_____ building these facilities _
----- ----- ---- attitude will often very hard against
the plan. They are that will cause _
---- to their neighborhood. make people think those
facilities create . However, most facilities actually
---- --- serious problems for their _

~ Power Up
1 What can be inferred from the conversation? Note-taking
(A) The girl is thinking about running for Class President. Main Topic
(B) The boy makes a decision to vote for Frank.

(C) The girl is not interested in voting for Class President.
(D) The boy is sure that Bob cannot be elected as Class
President.
Details
2 What is the main topic of the conversation?
(A) Who is elected as Class President

(B) Why Frank would be the best President
(C) Why students should vote for Bob
(D) What qualities Class President should have
Finding Clues CD3-21
B Bob? Are you kidding?
G No, I'm serious. I think he would do a good job.
B Well, I suppose it's , and it's _
____ that he would ever . He's such a joker. I still remember
that time he almost in the chemistry lab!
I can't imagine what he'd do _
• Signal Words_ I suppose it's only one vote, and it's not likely that ...
102 PARTII1_ Content linking www.nhantriviet.com

1 What can be inferred about the Chinese New Year? Note-taking
(A) People usually go abroad at this time. Main Topic
(B) Most people no longer celebrate it.

(C) It is becoming more popular every year.
(D) Good fortune is considered as important at this time.
Details
2 Which of the following is NOT true about Chinese

New Year practices?
(A) People use the color red to scare away bad luck.
(B) People do not buy new clothes.
(C) People sweep their floors on New Year's Day.
(D) People eat special foods such as dumplings and fish.
Finding Clues CD3-23
People wear special and give gifts of new money in
---- ----. Some even their doors, windows or houses
---_ for the New Year. the color red
---- ---_ ghosts and . People also
---- their the evening before sweeping on New
Year's Day would mean away their _
• Signal Words_ They believe that ...
06_ Inference 103

WW'N .nhantriviet.com
Challenge TOEFL iBT
TOEFL Listenmg

@ How different climates affect culture
CID Why the student chooses this topic
@ What approach to take when writing an essay
@ Where to find information for the term paper
2 Why does the teacher mention some articles?

@ To compare the student's paper to other articles
CID To show how to write a good term paper
@ To make the student find another topic for her paper
@ To give the student something helpful
3 What will the student probably do next week?

@ She will do other assignments.
CID She will write the paper that agrees with Robilliard.
@ She will get some articles about climate on culture.
@ She will go to the library to research different topics.
104 PART 111_Content Linking
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1 What is the teacher mainly talking about?

@ How to keep prices steady in balance
CID How prices are influenced by supply and demand
@ How to increase demand for a product
@ How supply and demand remain equal
2 Why does the teacher mention pencils?

@ To simply explain the concept of supply and demand
CID To define the relationship between demand and price
@ To say why supply is important in economics
@ To introduce how price is determined in the market
3 What can be inferred from the lecture?

@ Prices always go up when products become popular.
CID Steady demand and less supply will raise prices.
@ Changes in supply usually do not affect prices.
@ A war situation will result in lower demand.

~ Follow Up
G Dr. Hall, CD you for a minute?
T Sure, but I have to go to @ , so we'll have to talk
@-------
G @) . I want to ask you about CID for
@---------
T (J) are you writing about?
G I'm @ the impact of climate on culture.
T Oh, like Robilliard described. That's an @ _
G But I'm @ other views - you know, other people who
@ this, but reached @ from Robilliard.
T That's certainly a@ _
G I know his viewpoints are the @ . for most work in that area. But
@ some people @ ?
T Oh, many did, but his @ was @ that not many of
his opponents @ _
G That's why I hardly found any journals @J _
T Umm ... I@ some@ that@ _
his @ . Actually I @ that subject when
I was @ _
G Really? @ the articles if@ them?
T I haven't used them in many years, so let me find them first.
G OK. Good! When can I @ then?
106 PARTlIe Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

T Stop in ~ _
G That's fine. I have other papers to work on this week.
The Law of Supply and Demand is an important idea CD _

Here, supply means the @ that is available. For example,
if you have 5 pencils, then@ is 5. The other important
concept is @ . It means CID . Demand seems
@ but it really isn't. If 5 people want one pencil each, then
the (j) is 5.
The Law of Supply and Demand can explain why the price of a product @ _
How? Well, if @ between supply and demand, the price of
a product @ for a long time. That is, there is @ ~
of the product available to @ . So in this situation, the
price of a product will not change, if all other factors @ _
Now, let's imagine these changes: suddenly, there is @ _
This can happen when @ or when the demand for
a product @ . In this case, there isn't enough of a product to
satisfy the consumers. The Law of Supply and Demand says that in such cases where
demand @ supply, @ _
The Law of Supply and Demand also @l----- that the price @ --- ---
when supply is greater than demand. When consumers are not buying a product or there
is @ than people want, @ _
And we see this in real markets. As long as there aren't @ _
like illegal price fixing or wars, the Law of Supply and Demand is @ _

Word Review
facility n. a place or piece of equipment for a particular purpose

We visited tile manufacturing facilities in Detroit.
treatment n. the medical attention given to cure an illness or injury

syn. care
He doesn't use alcohol after treatment.
object v. to feel or express opposition to something

syn. protest
A lot of people object to smoking.
population n. all the people living in a particular area

Most of the population lives in the cities.
annual adj. happening once every year

syn. yearly
The annual exhibition runs from this Monday.
practice n. an established custom or habit

syn. tradition
It's a practice to sweep their floor on New Year's Eve.
approach n. a way of dealing with a problem or situation

He disagreed with our approach to the problem.
available adj. able or ready to be obtained or used

Are these pants available in a larger size?
consumer n. a person who buys things or uses services

syn. customer
There was a big change in consumer demand.
predict v. to tell about something in advance

syn. foretell
The weather forecast predicts snow for today.
drop by to stop in for a short visit

Lucy will drop by my house after school.
108 PART 1II_ Content Linking

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population facility drop by approach available
1 able or ready to be obtained or used
2 a way of dealing with a problem or situation
3 a place or piece of equipment for a particular purpose
4 all the people living in a particular area
5 to stop in for a short visit
annual consumer object predict
1 customer 2 yearly
3 foretell 4 protest
1 There are some traditional during the New Year period.
a. practices b. praises c. plastics
2 The scholars disagreed with our to the problem.

a. appearance b. approach c. apology
3 When can I your office then?
a. drop behind b. drop by c. drop back

1 If Mr. Green doesn 't answ~r, then you can leave a message.
2 Frank is a nice guy, but Sally really understands the things well.
3 Though people usually admit those facilities are necessary, they don't want
them to disturb their own town.
4 If there is a balance between supply and demand, the price of a product
wouldn't change for a long time.
With Pause _CD3-29
1 There are some traditional practices during the New Year period. For
example, they use the color red a lot. People wear special red clothes and
give gifts of new money in red envelopes. Some even paint their doors,
windows or houses red for the New Year. They believe that the color red
scares away ghosts and bad fortune.
2 Let's imagine these changes: suddenly, there is more demand than

supply. This can happen when the supply suddenly drops or when the
demand for a product suddenly increases. In this case, there isn't enough
of a product to satisfy the consumers. The Law of Supply and Demand
says that in such cases where demand is greater than supply, the price
will go up.
The Law of Supply and Demand also predicts that the price will fall
when supply is greater than demand. When consumers are not buying a
product or there is much more available than people want, the price will
go down.
110 PARTIIC Content Unking www.nhantriviet.com

TOEFL~ iBT ACTIVATOR Listening
PROGRESS
TEST 3
Questions 1-.- 5
TOEFL Usten ng
I I
@ The advice of reviewing class notes

CID The importance of joining a study group
@ The methods to study for unit tests and quizzes
@ The specific details of an upcoming exam
112 PART1Il_ Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

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~l~.~ :;~: - •.~-,..._ /:,,:'~.~:,:,~_,;'"'!':;."':'I
••.I._''-w.:' .;. ...•.. ,::~., _. 1 •...•..••
- '"i:=ll-',.". .•.•
2 According to the conversation, what will NOT be on the exam?
@ Information from previous tests

CID The material studied on field trips
@ Units 1 and 5 from the textbook
CID Economic terms studied in class
3 What is compared between the final exam and the midterm?
@ Question types
CID The length of exam
@ The material covered
CID The grading scale
4 Why does the teacher mention the exam is worth 45 percent?
@ To encourage students to do well on the exam

CID To compare it with that of midterm
@ To persuade students to cram for the exam
CID To mention the unimportance of the exam
5 What can be inferred from the conversation?
@ Reports can make up for missed quizzes.

CID Some students tend to cram for the final exam.
@ All of the students are doing well in class.
CID The final is as important as the midterm.
Next ••

Questions 6~ 10
@ How a cold and the flu pass from one person to another
CID What a cold and the flu are and how to treat them
@ How to avoid getting a cold or the flu
@ When to use medicine and how to take it properly
114 PART 111_Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

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7 What advice is NOT mentioned for dealing with a cold or the flu?
@ Drink plenty of water.

CID Take some rest.
@ Avoid heavy physical exercise.
@ Keep your body hot.
8 How does the teacher talk about the common cold and the flu?
@ By explaining how they were discovered

CID By giving examples to illustrate how they are related
@ By describing their similarities and differences
@ By suggesting the ways to avoid getting them
9 Which of the following is a feature of a cold or the flu or both?

Tick in the correct box.
Cold Flu
Immediately having a high fever
Having a sore throat
Caused by a virus
10 According to the lecture, what can be inferred about medicine?
@ Medicine is very effective to cure a cold or the flu.

CID Medicine can help some symptoms.
@ Medicine can cure the flu, but cannot completely cure a cold.
@ Medicine is not at all helpful for a cold or the flu.

PART IV
Pragmatic Understanding
•
CHAPTER 107
Attitude
Ecology
Students will practice listening for the
stressed words or intonation to catch
the speaker's feeling and attitude.
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Introduction
Attitude questions ask you the speaker's attitude and degree of certainty
in a conversation or a lecture. These types of questions usually ask you
how the speaker seems to feel about a particular topic.

How does the teacher feel about 7
What is the speaker's opinion 7
Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. A

What is the teacher's point of view concerning 7
• Infer the speaker's attitude from how he or she expresses something.
Listen carefully to the speaker's accent, intonation and the way of talking. The
speaker expresses attitude through those things .
• Listen for expressions of feeling.

The speaker may feel positive or negative, impressed or unimpressed, happy
or sad, and excited or bored about a particular topic. Learn the various words
that indicate the speaker's feeling .
• Consider statements in the context of the passage.

You must remember that statements in a certain context can have meanings
that are quite different from their literal and grammatical messages. Read
between the lines.
118 PARTlV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

Sample
Listen to a lecture in an ecology class. CD4-02
What is the teacher's attitude about reducing waste?
@ She is uncertain that recycling is useful.

CID She thinks that all people are recycling effectively.
@ She considers that reusing is more effective way of waste reduction.
@ She is not sure that people should recycle more than they do now.
to keep something safe from harm
to process used or waste materials so that they can be reused
to get rid of something that you do not want or need
domestic waste; rubbish
an act that is required of one by position, social custom or law
throw out protect duty garbage recycle
www.nhantriviet.com 07_ Attitude 119

~ Start Up
- a campaign for _
What
: use sides of the paper
Earth Day events
{
- hand out _
How -
-givea _
How does the girl feel about the boy's idea?
(A) She does not like it because it is too much work.

(B) She is excited about getting started.
(C) She is worried about not getting everything done.
(D) She would like him to do most of the work.
G Earth Day is coming. As the members of the , we'll have
________ like what we did last year.
B Well, this time how about carrying on a campaign for waste?
G Sounds good. , there is produced
in our school.
B Hmm ... I have . We use a lot of paper in the classroom,
but as you know we normally use of it.
If we use , we will save a lot.
G That's good.
B I think if we pamphlets and a _
about it, students would that idea carefully.
G we have a lot of _
Let's it.
120 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

Animals at risk - Giant panda

I
Girl's thought Main reasons

-going _ - cutting down _
...the pollution in _ . . [the habitat
: d Isappeanng
the trees
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. A

What is the teacher's attitude about the answer?
(A) He is disappointed that the student is completely wrong.

(B) He thinks that the student does not know about the giant panda.
(C) He is not sure whether the answer is correct or not.
(D) He considers the answer to be a good guess, but still not enough.
T Today, we're going to talk about at risk. Like ... well, like
the giant panda . Can someone tell me __
_____ to the giant panda?
G Isn't it ... because of the In ?
T Ummm ... that might be a factor. There are why a
particular species . China is _
_____ now. People are . And a lot of
land is being __ _ apartments or skyscrapers ... for new
_____ . So, the habitat of the giant panda is disappearing. The _
____ that the are also being depleted. These
things put a lot of the panda. So there are only about
1,060 in the world.

~ Power Up
1 Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer Note-taking

the question. n
Main Topic
How is the boy's attitude about the club?
(A) He is uncertain about what the club does.

(8) He thinks it seems difficult.
(C) He is disappointed at what the club does.
(D) He is unsure that he would join.
Details
2 What problem does the boy have?
(A) The club is organized by someone he does not know.

(8) He wants to attend a volunteer work instead of the club.
(C) He is unable to attend the club meetings because of
another activity.
(D) He does not know about recycling or fund-raising.
Finding the Speaker's Attitude

CD4-06
B Jane, -- that club, "Friends of the Planet," right?
G Yeah, sure. VVhy?
B Uh ... -- ? It seems like it's for _
G ---_. It's an - ... you know, for people
who want to _
• Signal Words_ Uh ... what's it like?
122 PART IV_Pragmatic Understanding

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Listen to a discussion in an ecology science class. CD4-07
Note-taking
1 Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer
the question. A Main Topic
What does the teacher mean when he says this: A
(A) The boy's idea is generally correct.

(B) The teacher partly agrees with the boy.
(C) What the boy said is wrong.
(D) It is understandable that the boy thinks that way. Details
2 How does the teacher explain global warming?
(A) By giving the causes of global warming

(B) By introducing how to prevent global warming
(C) By explaining how global warming affects the
environment
(D) By listing the regions where global warming happens
Finding the Speaker's Attitude CD4-08
T Global warming is a very in the news these days. But I
_____ how many of you really what it is. Yes, Chris?
B Uh ... I know that the of the earth is . But I
don't know exactly . Won't warmer weather
be ---- ----.?
T Hmm ... well, do you 7 Have you ever thought
about the of the ----7
• Signal Words_ Hmm ... well. do you really think so? Have you ever' thought about ...
07_ Attitude 123

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Challenge TOEFL iBT
TOEFL Listening
@ How to help reduce pollution

CID What topic the girl chooses
@ Taking pictures of polluted areas
@ Giving a more effective presentation
2 What is the girl's attitude about the presentation?
@ She is confident to give the presentation.

CID She is annoyed that it is not easy to find information.
@ She is nervous that she has to speak in front of students.
@ She is worried that her presentation will be boring.
@ The presentation will give new information about pollution.

CID The boy will help the girl prepare for the presentation.
@ The presentation will use some tools for a vivid demonstration.
@ The girl will practice a lot for the presentation.
124 PARTN _ Pragmatic Understanding

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Listen to a lecture in an ecology class. CD4-10
@ The ozone layer can cause cancer.

CID Ultraviolet radiation blocks lots of harms of the sun.
cg The ozone layer is getting thin in some areas.
@ Many people do not want to stop using CFCs.
2 Why does the teacher mention sunglasses?
@ To explain the function of the ozone layer

CID To show how harmful UV is
cg To define ozone depletion
@ To suggest a solution for ozone depletion
3 What is the teacher's opinion about ozone depletion?
@ She does not agree with the Montreal Protocol.

CID She does not feel the threats of ozone-destroying chemicals.
cg She wants to stress to students that this is an urgent problem.
@ She thinks it is not as important as many people assume it is.
07_ Attitude 125

Word Review
extinct adj. not existing any more

Dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago.
skyscraper n. a very tall modern building, usually in a city

There are many tall skyscrapers in New York.
habitat n. the natural home of an animal or plant

syn. residence Mountains are the habitat of the golden eagle.
v. to give money or goods to help people or organizations

donate
syn. endow Mr. Brown donated $1,000 to the orphanage.
rainfall n. the amount of rain that falls on an area

This area generally has low rainfall.
expand v. to become larger in size or importance

syn. enlarge Metal expands when it gets hot.
v. to prevent something moving through

block
syn. obstrutt Heavy snow is blocking all roads.
n. injury or harm that reduces value or usefulness

damage
syn. hurt The flood caused much damage to the crops.
v. to move gently in the air

float
syn. drift Balloons floated through the ail:
to make all the space full

fill up
A man filled up bottles with watel:
come up with to suggest or think of an idea or plan

Mmy comes up with amazing plans for holidays.
wWWnh
. n rIll, to. II"
habitat fill up skyscraper rainfall extinct
1 to make all the space full
2 a very tall modem building, usually in a city
3 not existing any more
4 the amount of rain that falls on an area
5 the natural home of an animal or plant
habitat donate block damage
1 obstruct 2 residence
3 hurt 4 endow
1 We some ideas for Christmas gifts.
a. come up with b. catch up with c. come with
2 Ice melting will of the sea and make the sea levels rise.
a. expose b.expand c. expect
3 In the spring, pollens in the air.
a. flood b. float c. flow

1 How much waste would we make if we didn't recycle paper?

2 If we use both sides, we will save a lot of paper.
3 We would be happy if you could join us.
4 If the earth gets hotter, some important changes might occur.
5 If all of that UV radiation hit living things, they would get a lot of damage.
With Pause _CD4-14
1 China is developing very quickly now. People are cutting down forests.
And a lot of land is being used for apartments or skyscrapers ... for new
buildings. So, the habitat of the giant panda is disappearing. The bamboo
trees that the panda eats are also being depleted.
2 In the 1980s, scientists found ozone holes or large thin areas over the
North and South Poles. With the ozone depletion, the amount of UV
reaching us has slightly increased. This small increase doesn't mean we
can't enjoy the outdoors, but we should always be careful.
Countries around the world have seen the threats of ozone depletion and
have agreed to a treaty called the Montreal Protocol. This protocol will
help people stop making and using ozone-destroying chemicals called
CFCs.
130 PARTIV _ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

PART IV
CHAPTER 108
Function
Literature
Students will learn why the speaker
makes a point in a conversation and
a lecture.
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Introd uction
Function questions ask you why the speaker says a certain sentence or
phrase in a conversation or a lecture. The questions will ask you to figure
out the real purpose or intention of a sentence or a phrase in a context.

Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. n.
What does the girl mean when she says this: n.
Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. n.
Why does the teacher say this: n.
• Pay attention to the tone of voice.
The speaker uses stressed words, different intonations and different speaking
styles to show his or her feeling or opinion .
• Understand the context.

Consider the main idea or the organization of a conversation or a lecture. It
will help you understand the speaker's intention and purpose beyond the
words .
• Remember the following words.

They are likely to appear in answer choices.
_explain, describe, inform, mention
_compare, contrast, classify
_offer, suggest, recommend
132 PARTIV _ Pragmatic Understanding

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Sample
Listen to a lecture in a literature class. CD4-17
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. f1.
What does the student mean when he says this: f1.
@ He thinks the epic is too boring to enjoy.
CID He does not know that the epic is a long poem.
@ He is impressed at the length of a poem.
@ He expresses that he is interested in reading poems.
to create or compose something
a period of time that school divides the year into
a particular kind of literature, music or other art form
to say a poem aloud in front of people
a large group of people gathered together
crowd recite genre term make up
www.nhantriviet.com 08_ Function 133

~ Start Up
Boy Girl
Crime and Punishment: really wanted don't like _
- by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
-a about a _
who decides to an old woman
Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. fl.
Why does the boy say this: fl.
(A) To express the importance of reading

(B) To persuade the girl to read the book
(C) To correct something that the girl misunderstands
(D) To give a reason why the girl has to read the book
G Hey, there! How was your ? What did you get?
B You mean ? Oh, I got the that I really wanted, Crime and
Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. I _
reading over the book. Have you ever read it?
G No, I _
B Oh, but this book might . It's great. Well,
it's a story about a young man who an old
woman and then his makes him . The police
detective finally and that he did
it. Doesn't it ?
G Umm ... Sounds like a show on TV... like a or something.
B Yeah, it is kind of like that. I think you'd like it.
134 PARTIV_Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

______ Anne Frank
The Diary of a Young Girl a diary about real ----
a of the years when her

family was in the Netherlands
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. n.

What does the teacher mean when he says this: n.
(A) He expects that the student probably knows more.
(B) He is not interested in hearing the student's opinion.
(C) He wonders whether the student really knows the answer.
(D) He asks whether the student has any other questions.
T The book, The Diary of a Young Girl, was _ Anne Frank.
_________ you've all heard of Anne Frank before.
G Wasn't she ... like ... in the Holocaust or something?
T Yes... and?
G She a during World War II. It is about real situations.
T Right. Well. .. her diary is a of the 2 years when her was
hiding in the Netherlands. Anne Frank grew up in a Jewish family
in Germany. With the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, her father got his family
__________ the country to the Netherlands. But, , the
German army invaded the Netherlands. So, they there,
_____ . Her father thought of a very of keeping
the family . But then ... well, I shouldn't tell you too much. We'll
__________ more when we read the book.

~ Power Up
Listen to a conversation between a librarian and a student. CD4-20
the question. n. Main Topic

Why does the librarian say this: n.
(A) To stress that it is not easy to use the computer catalog
(B) To suggest an effective way to search data
(C) To say the student should find another way instead of
the computer catalog Details
(D) To express that she thinks the student has never used
a library before
2 What is the conversation mainly about?
(A) Studying Renaissance literature

(B) Borrowing and returning books
(C) Doing searches on the Internet
(D) Using the library's computer catalog
Understanding a Function CD4-21
B Oh, actually I'm not sure what I . Just any... on the topic.
L Well ... hmm. I think you'd better _
B What do you ?
L For and results, you should enter the key words like
a work or maybe work from a _
136 PARTIV _ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

Listen to a conversation in a literature class. CD4-22
the question. n. Main Topic

Why does the student say this: n.
(A) To mention he feels good
(B) To say that he likes poems
(C) To express his interest in the contest
(D) To say that he will participate in the contest Details
2 How will the winners of the contest be chosen?
(A) The English department will decide based on

creativity.
(B) The audience will pick their favorite poems after
hearing them read.
(C) The participants will vote on the best poem.
(D) Students at the school will select the best poem.
Understanding a Function CD4-23
T The English department is having a . We are
looking for students who want to . Of course, there'll be
The first place winner gets a , and there are
also going to be some other prizes for the second and third place _
B Really? Sounds _

Challenge TOEFL iBT

@ Reading a book
CID Writing a book report
@ Getting an extension
@ Marking the tests
2 According to the conversation, which of the following is NOTtrue?

@ The student has been doing her report.
CID The teacher gives a special exception to the student.
@ The teacher thinks it is important to observe the due date.
@ The student will get a good grade if she hands the report in by Friday.
3 Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. n

Why does the teacher say this: n
@ To imply that he does not want to talk about the report anymore
CID
To encourage the student to do her report by a certain time
@ To inform that the student has to do her report by today
@ To emphasize that the student should follow his class rules
138 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding

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Listen to a lecture in a literature class. CD4-25
1 What is the difference between earlier writers and Hemingway?

@ Hemingway preferred long and flowery sentences.
CID Hemingway used simple expressions.
@ Hemingway wrote with indirect sentences.
(Q) Hemingway used difficult vocabulary.
2 How does the teacher introduce Hemingway's style of writing?

@ By listing the names of his famous works
CID By explaining his unusual life with some examples
@ By reading his famous work The Old Man and the Sea
(Q) By contrasting his writing style with other writers'
3 Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. J1

What does the teacher mean when he says this: J1
@ Hemingway was the greatest writer at the time.
CID Hemingway did not drink as much as other writers.
@ Hemingway was not a remarkable man.
@ Hemingway probably lived like many other writers.

~ Follow Up
G Hello, sir? CD right now?
T It's OK, Jessica. @ . I hope it's not@ _
I've been very busy, and I @ them yet.
G Vh ... no. It's not that. I just want to talk about the CID _
T Oh, I see. Are you @ __________ it?
G Umm ... I (j) - it yet. So... I'm @ you could give

me@
T Don't you remember @ ________ at the beginning of the class?
G Oh! But, sir, 1...
T Well, I don't usually @
G But, sir, my family @ -- last weekend. So all of
my books were @ _____ , and ...
T Jessica, I'm really @ __________ , but you've had @ _
for this book report.
G I know and I've really tried to finish it. I was writing about Macbeth. I've read
the book, and I've written @ of the plot. Oh, and I did
the @ , too.
T Hmm ... It sounds like you've been@ . Then when can you
@-------_?
G Ummm ... I think I can finish it by this Friday @ _
T It's alright. This is a@) , but don't expect to @ _

www.nhantriviet.com
I know you are @ , but it is also important to complete the
task @ _
G Oh! Thank you so much.
Today, I want to introduce Ernest Hemingway. He is CD _

American writers. He was @ his lifestyle @ _
his writing style. He usually wrote q) about outdoorsmen
and soldiers that CID his own experience. He liked traveling, skiing,
fishing and @ . Also he (J) the Red Cross during
World War I and @ in Spain. Hemingway was
@ and had quite a few girlfriends. In addition, he had
a@ . This doesn't @ , though.
Now, let's turn to @ . It was @ _
the style of writers that @ . Most of those writers wrote very
@ . They also used a lot of @ . Hemingway's
style was nothing like that. He wrote very @ , with short sentences
and @ . However, his stories were @J . He even
got prizes for his work, like the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. These are the
@ ! His work also had a big @ a lot
of later writers.
Now, we're@ some of his most famous works. We'll
@ The Old Man and the Sea. That's @ _
the Pulitzer Prize for.

Word Review
detective n. someone whose job is to solve crime

The detectives discovered bloodstains in the room.
hide v. to go or stay somewhere to avoid being discovered

They hid for months in the basement.
invade v. to enter a country by force with an army

syn. attack The general invaded the town with a large anny.
generate v. to bring into existence

syn. produce If you bum wood, it generates carbon dioxide.
participate v. to take part in something

syn.join I participated in the music festival as a volunteer.
audience n. a group of people watching or listening a performance

syn.spectators After the last song, the audience applauded.
exception n. a particular thing or situation not included in a general rule

They will be treated equally without exception.
reflect v. to show the nature of or express something

syn. indicate The values of a society are reflected in its traditions.
unique adj. very unusual and special

syn.special She is well kno'wn for her unique style of painting.
influence n. the power to have an effect on people or things

syn. impact The weather has a strong influence on our life.
track down to find someone after a long search

The police officer tracked down the criminal.

detective generate track down hide invade
1 to find someone after a long search
2 someone whose job is to solve crime
3 to bring into existence
4 to enter a country by force with an army
5 to go or stay somewhere to avoid being discovered
unique reflect audience participate
1 indicate 2 JOIn
3 spectators 4 special
1 Everyone should be treated equally without _
a. exception b. expectation C. expose
2 His work also had a big on a lot of later writers.
a. information b. inference c. influence
3 She is well known for her style of painting.

a. umque b. usual c. umverse
W'tNi ,lInantriviet.cam 08_ Function 143

1 It was written by Homer, a man who lived in Greece.

2 It's a story about a young man who decides to kill an old woman.
3 We are looking for students who want to participate.
4 The audience is going to choose the person who writes in the most creative way.
5 It was different from the style of writers that came before him.
With Pause _CD4-29
1 I want to tell you something. The English department is having a poetry

reading contest. We are looking for students who want to participate. Of
course, there'll be prizes. The first place winner gets a new laptop
computer, and there are also going to be some other prizes for the second
and third place winners.
2 He was famous for his lifestyle as well as his writing style. He usually
wrote novels and short stories about outdoorsmen and soldiers that often
reflected his own experience. He liked traveling, skiing, fishing and
hunting. Also he worked for the Red Cross during World War I and used
to be a war journalist in Spain. Hemingway was married four times and
had quite a few girlfriends. In addition, he had a drinking problem. This
doesn't come as a surprise, though.
144 PARTIV_Pragmatic Understanding

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TOEFL<1\>iBT ACTIVATOR Listening
PROGRESS
TEST 4
Questions 1'- 5
@ An assignment in a home economics class

CID A cooking class at an institute
CO A school extra-curricular activity
@ The menu for someone's party
146 PARTIV _ Pragmatic Understanding

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2 What is true about the cooking class?
@ The class is held every other week for three months.

CID Students should bring their own cooking tools.
cg Mrs. Logan will be teaching the class.
@ 24 students have signed up for the class.
3 How does the teacher explain the program?
@ She compares the curriculum of the program to that of a home

economics class.
CID She describes how to make some of the dishes in the program.
cg She lists in order the different dishes the student will be making.
@ She gives examples of some dishes the student might have eaten.
4 Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. ['L
What does the student mean when he says this: ['L
@ He is relieved that some boys are taking the class.

CID He is disappointed that more boys are not taking the class.
cg He is worried that too many boys are taking the class.
@ He is glad that only a few boys are taking the class.
5 What will the student probably do next?
@ He will go home and practice making sandwiches.

CID He will try to get more boys to sign up for the cooking class.
cg He will start taking cooking lessons from Mrs. Logan.
CID He will ask his mother for permission to take the class.
Next ••

Questions 6 ---1 0
Listen to a discussion in a literature class. CD4-32
@ The life of Shakespeare

CID A special expression used in a play
@ A tool used by many writers
@ Shakespeare's unique style of writing

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7 According to the teacher, what is a metaphor?
@ A device used to describe things accurately

CID A way of showing things in a new way with few words
@ A comparison showing how two things are different
@ A way to contrast two things to show new meanings
8 How does the teacher explain a metaphor? Choose TWO answers.
@ By showing how it is used in the literature

CID By contrasting it to other expressions in literature
@ By identifying the different kinds of metaphors
@ By explaining the origin of the term
9 What is the teacher's attitude about Shakespeare's metaphor?
@ Shakespeare used it too often.

CID Only Shakespeare was able to use it.
@ Shakespeare used it effectively.
@ It was unique but not great.
10 Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question. A

Why does the teacher say this: A
@ To tell the girl that he absolutely agrees with her

CID To indicate that her answer is not correct
@ To show the girl was not addressing the question
@ To encourage students to think more

(
Questions 1"-'5
1 What is the main reason the student meets the teacher?
@ To enroll in a French class next semester

CID To ask for advice in studying French
@ To join the French club at the community center
@ To understand French culture
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2 What does the teacher NOT suggest for studying French?
@ Do not give up easily.

CID Practice as much as possible.
@ Watch lots of French films.
@ Learn new words and basic grammar.
3 Why does the teacher mention the French club?
@ To encourage the student to taste many French dishes

CID To compare the French club with the French class
@ To explain how creative French people are
@ To suggest an effective way to learn French

II
@ The student is enthusiastic about learning French.
-
....
CID The school offers many language courses.
@ The town has many study groups for French.
@ The teacher is the head of the French department.
II
5 What will the student probably do next? II

I'
@ She will join the French club.

I!
CID She will cancel the French course. I'
@ She will go to France to study. I!

@ She will learn other languages besides French. il
Next" ~
~
1:'
www.nhantriviet.com Actual Test 153

Questions 6~ 1a
@ The life of Beethoven

CID The childhood of Beethoven
@ The way Beethoven composed
@ The most famous work of Beethoven
7 According to the lecture, what is true about Beethoven's childhood?
@ He was born in Australia.

CID He was treated bitterly by his father.
@ He did not like to practice music.
@ His first music teacher was Joseph Haydn.
8 Why does the teacher mention the Ninth Symphony?
@ To illustrate how Beethoven's life affected his music

CID To explain how Beethoven composed it
@ To say how many works Beethoven completed
@ To talk about Beethoven's sufferings from being an musician
9 What is the difference between Beethoven and earlier composers?
@ He was the first one who worked for the church.

CID He belonged to the orchestra in the court.
@ He got money by selling his compositions.
@ He used a piano to compose music.
@ Beethoven overcame harsh difficulties.

CID Beethoven's deafness was the cause of his fame.
@ Beethoven's father influenced Beethoven's works a lot.
@ Beethoven's father did not want Beethoven to be a musician.
Next" ~
~

Questions 11 ~ 15
11 What is the teacher mainly talking about?
@ The evolution of Bactrian camels

CID The influence of weather on camels
@ Differences between two types of camels
@ The way camels survive in different environment
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••• ~ •. Qto ~-')
....-;;;K. ~
\- "":.-
- -, -
12 What is NOT compared between the two camels?
@ Appearance CID Personality @ Origin CID Intelligence
13 How does the teacher explain why Bactrian camels have thicker
coats in the winter?
@ By mentioning the weather condition in Asia

CID By showing how thick Bactrian camels' coats are in winter
@ By explaining how camels convert fat into water
CID By emphasizing the superiority of Bactrian camels
14 Indicate which type of camel each of the following describes.

Tick in the correct box.
Dromedary Bactrian
camels camels
Their fur is even throughout the year.
They have milder tempers.
They have only one hump.
They can climb up steep mountains.
@ Bactrian camels can run faster than dromedaries.

CID Dromedaries are shorter and fatter than Bactrian camels.
@ Bactrian camels are easier to train than dromedaries.
@ Dromedaries are better able to handle the heat than Bactrian camels.
Next ••

Questions 16~20
How the earth's axis tilts

How the earth turns on its axis
How the earth moves around the sun
How the seasons change on earth
. .
l@3r!111utlJ:dr:m. {";,;,, V;;~~E t:.';"1
~tl ~a'
I
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r.:c~
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~-
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- _ ~ ~_ ,•. t.~.';-tlici.:~:=.w...•.. ~~';'\\.-l':'-r~ -
_~':~q-~~~~..Jill1':"-'I\2- _ . ;'~,~-r;f:
_" .-~. _<",~-a; .•.
17 What is compared between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
@ When they are tilted towards the sun

CID How much rain falls during the summer season
@ What the temperature is during the winter season
@ How long days are in each hemisphere
@ The earth's axis is a line that divides into the Northern Hemisphere
and the Southern Hemisphere.
CID The tilt of the earth's axis influences the amount of sunlight that
the entire earth gets.
@ The Southern Hemisphere is close to the sun in June.
@ When the angle of the sun is lower, the days are longer.
19 How does the teacher explain the seasonal change?
@ By contrasting seasons on earth with those of other planets

CID By mentioning that seasons are related to the axis of the sun
@ By pointing out the differences in the temperature of the four seasons
@ By defining the relationship between the earth's axis and seasons
20 Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. A

Why does the teacher say this: A
@ To ask students for information about Australians

CID To check to see what students know about the earth's axis
@ To explain why Australians do not celebrate Christmas
@ To emphasize that the two hemispheres have opposite seasons

~- - .
01 Main Idea
Sample p.17 did a good job, but there are a few things I'd
like to point out.
Last time, we looked at why mosses grow in moist
G Okay.
areas. Today, I want to take a look at a totally
T Your report was about how beavers build dams
different plant - the cactus. Cactuses live in sandy
and their homes in rivers. That was very good.
deserts and other semi-desert areas. How are they
But I think you should also add why. Why does
able to live on such dry lands? Well, cactuses have
a beaver build a dam, make a pond and then
thicker stems than other plants. So they can store
build a home inside that pond? Do you know
more water. Sometimes, a little rain falls in the
what I mean?
desert. That's when cactuses suck up as much
G OK, I see.
water as possible.
T You should also check for spelling mistakes.
There's another thing that helps cactuses keep
For example, here, you left out a "b" in
water: their sharp spines. The spines mainly protect
"webbed." And you need to try to think of a
cactuses from wild animals. They make it harder for
better title than The Beaver.
the animals to eat cactuses. In addition, the spines
G Maybe Beavers at Work?
slow down blowing wind. This makes less water
T There you go! Perfect!
evaporate from cactuses.
Answer IA
Answer Ie

p.19
moss evaporate store
Some kinds of body fluids
moist suck up
~I---I----
blood saliva mucus
-carries oxygen. -keeps your -protects your
nutrients mouth wet body from
-carries waste -helps you bacteria
Start Up p.18-19 away digest food
ladd~
Talk about Emily's report 1 check for spelling mistakes

Body fluid is a general term ~ medicine for all
.normal liquid in your body such as blood, saliva,
think of a better title mucus, tears, sweat and so forth. These kinds of
different fluids in your body all work together to help
you stay healthy. Let's take a look at some of them.
G Excuse me, Mr. Smith. Alison said you wanted
to see me. First, there is blood. Your heart sends it all around
T Yes, Emily. I want to talk about your report. You your body. Blood carries oxygen and other
nutrients to your cells and organs. It also carries on a diet because being overweight can cause
waste away from your body. health problems. But what I'm saying is how
Second, there is saliva. It is made in your mouth to to lose weight. You shouldn't skip meals. Also,
keep your mouth wet. It also helps you digest food. you shouldn't eat just one food or take special
When you chew, saliva covers the food you eat and ~ for dieting. What you should do is to eat a
the food becomes wet variety of healthy foods and to eat less fat and
--- and soft. This makes it
easier for the food to move through your digestive sugar. And the best way to lose weight is to do
system. more exercises such as running and walking.
Third, there is mucus. Mucus is a thick body fluid. It

covers some parts of your body like the inside of Answer 11. B 2. D
your ears and nose. It protects your body from
bacteria.
p.2l
Answer ID We've been studying mammals this month. Today

we're 9Qk!9. to talk about bats. Well, first of all, bats
may look like mice, but they are not in the same
family as mice. They are not birds, either. They are
Power Up p.20-2l mammals. Bats are the only mammals that can f!y.
!!! general, not many people like bats. People think
T All foods have calories, a kind of energy. Our
bats are ~ animals that live in dark caves. It is
bodies use up these calories to move. If you eat
true they do live in dark caves, old houses or mines,
more calories than your body uses, you gain
but they are not dirty. You know how cats lick
body fat. themselves to be clean. Well, bats do that, too.
G Mr. Burke, I have some questions about losing Also, some people are afraid of bats. It is said that
weight. One of my friends is going on a diet. She
bats usually attack people and drink their blood. But
just eats cucumbers every day. Is it OK? this is not true. Contrary to people's thought, only a
T Oh, no. Eating just one thing is a terrible way to
few bats drink animal blood and most bats eat
diet and it can be dangerous. Please tell her to
insects. Actually, they are useful to people. They get
stop eating just one food. rid of lots of pests. A bat can eat 600 mosquitoes in
G OK, I see. But, you know, there are many people
an hour. That's a lot of mosquitoes!
dieting in this way. One other thing that isn't true about bats is they are
T I know lots of young girls want to be thin like
blind. Bats can see very well, especially at night.
dolls, but you are all still growing and developing.
They also can see well in daylight. So the popular
During this time, you need a variety of healthy
saying "blind as a bat" is wrong.
foods to grow your body properly. So, most
young people usually don't need to diet.
Answer I 1. D 2. B
G Then who needs to diet?
T Of course, some overweight people should go
www.nhantriviet.com
163
Challenge TOEFL iBT p.22-23 good for you because it has a lot of vitamins. But
what exactly are vitamins? Vitamins are substances
T Everybody ready to start? OK, please follow my
found in the food that you eat. Your body needs
instructions. You should be careful. First, wash
them to work properly. So you have to get vitamins
the frog with water. Well, that's already been
from various kinds of food.
done.
Basically, there are six kinds of vitamins - vitamin A,
G Yes, sir.
vitamin C, vitamin 0, vitamin E, vitamin K and the B
T Second, place the frog in the pan on its back.
vitamins. Now, we'll be learning more about some of
Pin its legs to the pan.
them. Let's start with vitamin A. Vitamin A helps you
G Yes, Mr. Brown.
grow and keeps your skin healthy. It also helps you
T Third, lift the skin between the frog's back legs
see better at night. Imagine you're out playing ball
with the forceps. Cut slowly with the scissors up
with your friends. It is getting dark. If you eat food
to the chin. Fourth, make sideway cuts. Are you
rich with vitamin A, you would see the ball better.
done?
Egg yolks, milk, spinach and carrots have a lot of
G Yeah, I think so.
vitamin A.
T Fifth, pick up the loose skin. Use the scalpel to
Now, let's move on to vitamin C. Vitamin C helps
separate the skin from the muscles. Pull the skin
keep your bones, teeth, muscles and gums healthy.
open. Pin it to the pan.
It keeps your body from getting sick. If you do get
G Yes, done.
sick, it helps your body heal. Fruits like oranges,
T Next, lift the muscle between the frog's back
lemons and strawberries have lots of vitamin C.
legs with the forceps. Cut with the scissors to
That's why doctors tell you to drink lots of orange
just below the front legs. Hey! Not so deeply!
juice when you have a cold.
You're going to cut the organs, too!
Well, there is some difference between vitamin A
G Oh! I see. Do you think I cut an organ?
and vitamin C. Vitamin A stays stored in your body
T It looks OK. But, be careful. Now cut sideways
until your body needs to use it. This kind of vitamin
like you did with the skin.
is called a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C doesn't stay
G Like this?
in your body. It passes through your blood system.
T Yeah, good. Last, pull back the loose muscles
This kind of vitamin is called a water-soluble vitamin.
with the forceps. Use the scalpel to separate the
muscles from the organs.
Answer 11. B
G Ew! I can see all the organs.
2.
T Now, let's take a look at the frog's organs.
Vitamin A Vitamin C
It helps keep your gums
Answer 11.A healthy. ./
2.D 3.A
It is found in spinach. ./
It is needed to see well
in the dark. ./
p.23
You've probably heard that such-and-such food is 3.D
Follow Up p.24-25 5. overweight
CD to start @ follow my instructions Find the synonymous word.

<ID wash the frog @ already been done
1. stay 2. fluid
@ place the frog @ Pin
3. leave out 4. separate
(j) lift @ Cut slowly
@ up to the chin @ Are you done
@ pick up @ from the muscles
1. a 2.b 3.c
@ with the forceps @ front legs
@ cut the organs @ be careful
@ pull back the loose muscles
@separate
Chunking & Shadowing p.28
@> from the organs
@ take a look at Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen
and repeat.
1. Eating just one thing / is a terrible way / to diet.

p.25 2. What you should do / is to eat a variety of healthy
CD good for you @ a lot of foods.
<ID vitamins @ substances 3. Different fluids in your body / work together / to
@ work properly @ various kinds of food help you stay healthy.
(j) six kinds of vitamins @ helps you grow 4. One other thing / that isn't true about bats / is they
@ skin healthy @ at night are blind.
@ Egg yolks @ spinach and carrots 5. Fruits like oranges and strawberries / have a lot of
@ vitamin C @ keep your bones vitamin C.
@ muscles and gums healthy

@ from getting sick
@ helps your body heal
@ lemons and strawberries
@> difference between @ stays stored
@ doesn't stay @ passes through
@ water-soluble
Word Review p.27
1. soluble 2. instructions
3. pest 4. cause
02 Details
Sample p.31 Choose a group leader
What did people write on before paper was

Who
1- ---I---~I Why Problem
invented? Well, early people drew pictures on cave Andrew - good at history don't like to make
- interested in history the presentation
walls to record their thoughts. Ancient Sumerians
I
Solution
made clay tablets and scratched messages on
the girls - will help
them. In contrast, the ancient Chinese wrote on him practice
pieces of bamboo or very expensive silk. And

G1 Okay. Now that we've decided to do our
ancient Egyptians made thin sheets out of a plant
homework on Rome, we need to choose a
called papyrus. That's actually where the word
~ leader. I think it should be you, Andrew.
"paper" comes from.
B Me? Why?
Well, when was paper invented? People generally
G2 Because you're so good at history. You are
know that a Chinese man named Cai Lun invented it
getting the highest grade in our class. And you
around 105 A.D. However, paper was actually made
seem really interested !!:! the subject. I've heard
before Cai Lun in China. But the paper was not good
you like to talk about documentaries you've
enough and it was complicated to make. Cai Lun seen on the History Channel.
improved the way of making paper. He mixed tree B Well, I like history. But the leader has to make
bark and bamboo with water and poured this the presentation, and I don't like to do that. I
mixture onto a flat piece of cloth. His paper was ~ nervous speaking in front of others.
much better than the ones before and it was easier G1 We'll help you practice for that part. Besides,
to make. Nearby countries like Korea learned this someone who really enjoys the subject is bound
method. So did the Arabs, who passed it on to to make a better presentation. What do you say?
Europe. B Oh... alright. I'll give it a !!y.
Answer I C Answer I B

p.33
scratch method record
improve invent The Berlin Wall
When What Why
-by East German Gov.

1961 built the Wall
-to ~ people from leaving
the fall of -by new leaders

1989
the Wall -to let people cross the Wall
Start Up p.32-33
Well, of course, one of the most important events "I wonder what that is." Do you understand?
of the 20th century was the fall of the Berlin Wall. B Okay.
Berlin was divided into communist East Berlin and T Then, read the writing underneath each artifact.
democratic West Berlin. Many people tried to leave And write down the name and any other
East Berlin for the West because of poverty. The important information. Don't copy the whole
East German government wanted to stop them description. Just write down what you need.
from leaving. So they built .9. wall in 1961. Many S Yes, ma'am.
people died trying to cross the Wall. T During next week, you should write a two-or
By the end of the 80's, the world was changing. three-page report about the artifacts. Find more
Communism had begun to collapse. Neighboring information other than what you wrote down at
countries such as Hungary and Poland were no the museum. And it would be better to attach
longer communist countries. East Germany was some images of them. You should hand it in by
changing, too. In 1989, new leaders of the West and next Friday.
the East decided to let people cross the Wall. As S Can I take pictures at the museum?
soon as this was announced, people rushed to the T Probably, but some museums won't allow it. You
Wall and started to tear it down. They danced and need to check at the museum. Or, you can take
celebrated the fall of the Wall. Some of them took a some blank sheets of paper and make sketches.
piece of the wall as a souvenir. That would be a nice part of your report.
Answer Ie Answer 11. D 2.C
p.35
Power Up p.34-35 Today's talk is on the Renaissance. It began in Italy
around the 14th century and lasted until the 16th
B Ms. Johnson, I was absent from the last class
century. Renaissance is a French word for "rebirth."
because of a bad stomachache. I heard you
It was a cultural movement in which Europeans tried
gave us an assignment.
to correct the mistakes of the past and revive the
T Yes, right, Jason. Over the weekend, I want you
values and artistic styles of the ancient Greeks and
to visit the museum.
Romans.
B Okay. What exactly do I have to do?
Right before the Renaissance, it was the Middle
T Take a look around and choose three artifacts
Ages. This was a time when God and religion were
that you find the most interesting.
most important. Human beings were thought of
B Any three?
simply as creations of God. However, this belief
T Yes. I don't want you to choose the most
changed during the Renaissance. Many people
important or famous artifacts. Choose the
started to believe that humans were creative and
ones you think are interesting. ~ other words,
had a purpose. And this thought led to new works
choose things that catch your eyes. Something
of art. Renaissance artists wanted to show nature
that makes you think "That's really beautiful," or
and true human feelings like love and romance. Art
wasn't just created for the church, but for people do for my paper. I need to go to the library to
themselves. research.
In addition to the changes in art, great developments S Well, go to the reference section on the third
were made in science. In the Middle Ages, people floor of the library. There are diverse history
looked at the world in religious way and depended books you can refer to. Also, you should drop by
on superstitions. But during the Renaissance, the periodicals section on the second floor.
science became as important as religious and There are many history magazines. You can get
social tradition. People studied and researched the some journals and articles from there.
natural world around them. As a result, many G Thank you. You've just saved me a lot of time.
important scientific discoveries and inventions were S No problem.
made.
Answer 11. D 2.A 3.D
Answer I 1. D 2. C
p.37
Today, I'd like to talk about an important person in
Challenge TOEFL iBT p.36-37 the history of the United States. Have you ever
heard about Noah Webster? Noah Webster was
G Can you help me for my history assignment? I
famous for his dictionaries. He was born in
have to write about an important event of the
Connecticut in 1758. After graduating from Yale
modern world. But I don't know what to choose
University, he became a teacher for a living. At the
as a topic.
time, all of the textbooks were from England.
B How about writing about the world war? I think
Webster thought American students should learn
the world war was the primary event of the 20th
from American books. So in 1783, Webster wrote
century.
his own textbook, A Grammatical Institute of the
G That's a good idea. Ummm ... there were two
English Language. This book became the most
global wars, World War I and World War II.
popular American book of its time. It taught
Which one is better to write about?
American children how to read, spell and pronounce
B If I were you, I'd choose World War I. I think it's
words.
more interesting. It wasn't like any other war
In addition, Webster noticed that Americans in
before. It was the first time so many nations all
different parts of the country spelled, pronounced
over the world were at war. And not just soldiers
and used words differently. He believed that all
- everyone was involved in the war. New guns
Americans should speak and write the same way.
were used and gas was used for the first time.
Thus, he began writing a dictionary. In 1828, he
You can describe how horrible it was at the time.
finally published his famous dictionary, An American
In addition, World War I was called "the Great
Dictionary of the English Language. It contained
War" and "the war to end all wars." You can
70,000 words, including words that had not
explain why people called it that.
appeared in any earlier dictionary. It also contained
G OK, good. Now, I have some ideas on what to
words from the arts and sciences. Webster used
American spelling such as "center" spelled c-e-n-t- @ contained words @ American spelling
e-r instead of c-e-n-t-r-e, or "color" spelled c-o-I-o-r @ American words @ British dictionaries
instead of c-o-I-o-u-r. He also added American @ many other dictionaries
words such as "skunk" and "squash" that weren't in @ widely used today
British dictionaries.
Noah Webster died in 1843. Although many other
dictionaries have been published, Webster's
dictionary is still widely used today. Word Review pAl

Answer 11. A 2.C 3.0
1. publish 2. article
3. be bound to 4. revive
5. artifact
Follow Up p.38-39
CD my history assignment @ an important event
1. wonder 2. diverse
@ what to choose @ the 20th century
3. tear down 4. souvenir
<ID global wars @ better to write about
(J) If I were you @firsttime
@ allover the world @ was involved in
1. c 2.b 3.b
@Newguns @ for the first time
@ how horrible it was @ In addition
@WorldWarI @ explain why
@someideas @ for my paper
Chunking & Shadowing pA2
@ go to the library @ on the third floor
@ history books @drop by Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen
@ history magazines @ journals and articles and repeat.
@Noproblem 1. Ancient Sumerians made clay tablets / and

scratched messages on them.
2. The paper was not good enough / and it was
p.39 complicated to make.
CD important person @ Have you ever heard 3. Take a look around / and choose three artifacts.
@ dictionaries @ After graduating 4. Write down the name / and any other important
<ID for a living @ from England information.
(J) American students @ wrote his own textbook 5. Humans were creative / and had a purpose.
@themost @howto read

@noticed @ in different parts
@ the same way @ In 1828
@ published @appeared
.n. I
Progress Test 1
Questions 1,..,5 p.44-45 Answer I 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A, B
G Excuse me, Mr. Brown. I want to talk with you.

T OK. Come on in. How can I help you?
GUm ... I'm wondering about my score on the pop Questions 6,.., 1 0 p,46-47
quiz.
As you know, there are six common animal groups:
T Well, let's take a look at your test paper. Ah,
mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians and
here it is. You got 18 points. There were ten
insects. So far we've studied two of them: mammals
multiple choice questions, each worth one point.
and birds. Today we're going to learn about reptiles.
And two essay questions, each worth five
Can you name some reptiles? Snakes, lizards,
points. Let's see ... you missed one multiple
turtles, tortoises ... what else? Yes, alligators and
choice question. Uh... the one asking what year
crocodiles ... they are all reptiles. Let's take a look at
Columbus made his first journey west. It was
what those reptiles have in common. First, they have
1492.
dry, tough and scaly skin. Also, their skin is thick
G I know. I first circled 1498, but then I realized
and waterproof to keep moisture from leaving the
that was the year of his third journey. So I
body. One interesting thing is most reptiles shed
changed my answer to 1492.
their skin as they grow. Second, they usually have
T No, you didn't. You forgot to erase your first
short legs and toes with claws. But some, like
answer. You circled both 1492 and 1498. So I
snakes, have no legs at all. Third, they breathe with
had to count it as wrong.
lungs. So, some ocean reptiles such as sea turtles
G Aw ... Okay, I see.
and sea snakes have to hold their breath when they
T Try to be more careful next time. And here is
are underwater. Fourth, they are cold-blooded. That
another one. I took a point off your answer for
means when it is cold, they would die because their
the second essay question. It asked you to
bodies and blood become too cold. That's why
describe Columbus' first journey. You wrote
reptiles in cold climates hibernate during the winter.
"Columbus sailed west with three ships. He
Fifth, they are vertebrates. In other words, they have
wanted to reach the Far East and bring back
backbones like birds and mammals. Sixth, most
cargoes of silk and spices. When he reached
reptiles lay eggs. The eggs are usually soft and
land, he thought he had arrived in the Far East.
flexible. But some reptiles can give birth to babies.
But he had actually arrived on the American
For instance, the Green Anaconda carries its' eggs
mainland." Well... you did a good job but the last
for six months inside the body until they hatch. Then
part is incorrect. He did not reach the American
twenty to forty babies are born in the water at the
mainland on his first journey. It was on his fourth
same time.
journey. He landed on an island near America
instead. So I gave you four points. Is that clear
Answer 16.A 7.A 8. D 9. B 10. C
about your score?
G Yes, sir. Thank you.
03 Organization
p.51 S You look depressed. What's wrong?

Sample
G Oh, I don't know what to do! I have a ~
Good morning, class. Today, I'd like to talk about the
science project about tornadoes that's due !!!
water cycle. The water cycle, or the hydrological
three days, but I don't have a clue how to write
cycle, is the process of water being rotated from the
it!
land to the sky and back again. As its name
S Hmmm ... Have you done any research yet?
suggests, the water cycle is continuous or without
G That's the thing! Most of the books I've tried to
end.
read are so hard to understand. They're too
This cycle is made up of a few main parts: evaporation,
difficult.
condensation and precipitation. When the sun heats
S Why don't you check out this book called
up water in the river and ocean, water turns into a
Exploring Tornadoes, written by Ian Chiasson?
gas. This is evaporation. I think we've all easily seen
He wrote it in a way that's very natural and easy
an example of these processes. What happens
to understand.
when you leave a glass of water out for a long time?
Eventually it disappears. Well, it doesn't exactly G Exploring Tornadoes? OK. I'll check it out.
disappear. The water transforms to a gas and rises S I read that book when I was researching natural
up into the atmosphere. disasters. It's great.
After the evaporation, a gas in the air gets cold and G Thanks for the tip.
makes into the form of cloud. This is called S No problem.

condensation. When so much water has condensed
that the air is too heavy to hold it anymore, gases Answer IA
start to fall to the ground in the form of rain or snow.
This is precipitation.
p.53
Answer I B
plates ~ to~ violently
t
Earthquakes
I
waves of energy to come to
Choose the correct word for each meaning. occur at the boundaries
the earth's surface
where the plates meet
I
process transform cycle the waves make vibrations
and shakes which we feel
suggest rise up
We've been talking about many types of natural

disasters. Today, we're going to focus on crustal
Start Up p.52-53 movements, earthquakes. An earthquake is a

sudden shaking of the ground. Underneath the
Girl's problem Boy's advice
earth's surface is a series of masses called
_ science project - tornadoes - - check out Exploring Tornadoes
_ don't have a clue how to write ':natural and~ to understand
tectonic plates. There are about 10 plates along the
171
surface of the earth that keep moving slowly. Most I~ a better grade on the last test.
earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the G Sounds good. Count me in!
plates meet. The movement between plates is not B Terrific!
always smooth. When the plates move too
violently, they create waves of energy to come to Answer 11.A 2. B
the earth's surface. The waves make vibrations and
shakes which we feel. This is called an earthquake.
Earthquakes are common. In fact, several million p.55
earthguakes happen every day in different parts of OK, let's talk about fossils today. Fossils are the
the world. But, thankfully, most are ~ weak, so remains or traces of living things that lived and died
many people don't even feel them. a long time ago. They can be real material from the
plants and animals such as a bone, or a sign of the
Answer I C plants and animals' activity such as a footprint.
Fossils show us a lot about what sort of life existed
and how it changed. Think about it. Without
dinosaurs' fossils, we wouldn't have known dinosaurs
Power Up p.54-55 existed.
Fossils are -----
rare and difficult to form because most
B Hey, I was just wondering if you'd like to join our
living things decay easily after death. !!:! order to
study group.
be fossils, there first should be dead plants or
G Study group?
animals that need to be covered QY. sediment as
B Yeah, for our science class. You're in Mr.
soon as possible before they decay. As more and
Peterson's class, aren't you?
more time passes, sediment piles up on the plants
G Yes, I am. His class is very hard!
or animals. These layers of sediment can keep
B Tell me about it. That's why a few of us decided
them from damage. After millions of years, the
to form a study group.
plants or animals are found between lots of
G I might be interested. Where do you guys meet?
sediment.
B Well, we usually meet in room 101 of the main
Usually, the hard parts of the plants or animals
building beside the library. It's always empty
become the fossils. That's because they tend to last
after 4 pm except Tuesday.
longer than soft tissue. So when people find fossils,
G I see. And how often do you meet?
they find impressions of teeth, bones or shells.
B We meet twice a week, Mondays and
Wednesdays at 5 pm.
G Do I have to prepare anything?
Answer I 1.A 2. 0
B Just bring your notes and review the last class.

The get-togethers aren't really formal or
anything. We just try and help each other out
with things we don't get. For instance, I
Challenge TOEFL iBT p.56-57
couldn't understand why volcanoes erupt. Then G Excuse me, Mr. Brown? Do you have a minute?
someone in our group explained it. As ~ result, T Sure, come on in.
172
www,nhantrlvi t.
.COrn
G I want to tell you about my recent science exam. Igneous rocks are made from molten magma. When
T Oh, yes. this magma cools down, igneous rocks are formed.
G You see, I've just picked up my grade. But I Igneous rocks have two types: intrusive or extrusive.
couldn't accept it because it was much lower Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma
than I had expected. cools down inside the earth's surface. They take
T I see. Let me check your test sheet. Give me a several thousand years to form. On the other hand,
moment. Ummm ... Okay, I see a problem. You extrusive igneous rocks are shaped by molten
didn't answer on the back side of the paper. magma that cools on the surface of the earth. They
G Oh, my! Are there more questions on the back? form in only a few days or weeks.
T Yeah, why didn't you check? Let's move on to sedimentary rocks. They are
G Oh, it's my mistake. Actually, it was hard to formed from layers of other rocks, dead plants,
focus on my exam because I had stayed up all animals or sand. They are made from sediment
night studying the day before test. deposited by a particular force or process.
T I said you'd better study every day - not at once. Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of the earth's surface.
G Is there any way for me to make up for it? You can find them easily near lakes or near the
Ummm ... take a make up test or something? ocean.
T I'm afraid that wouldn't be fair to the other The third type of rocks are metamorphic rocks. They
students if I gave you another chance. But I think formed when other rocks are changed through heat
I know what you're going through. It's not the and pressure. They usually require heat greater than
end of the world. 150°C and lots of high pressure. One of the most
G Yes, but I really want to get a good grade. popular metamorphic rocks is marble. I think you've
T If you care so much about your grades, I suggest seen marble floors before in fancy hotels.
that maybe you try harder to keep up with the
rest of the class. Instead of cramming for an Answer 11. C
exam at the last minute, it's best to study a little 2.
bit every day. One more thing you should do is Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
rock rock rock
concentrate more carefully on the upcoming
It needs heat and pressure. ../
tests. It is made from molten ../
G I guess you're right. Thank you for your advice. magma.
It is easily found near lakes ../
Answer 11. B 2.0 3.A 3.A
p.57
Rocks are divided into three types: igneous, Follow Up p.58-59
sedimentary and metamorphic. To find out the type
of rock, we have to look at what the rock is made of, CD have a minute @ science exam
what its texture is as well as how it is formed. First, @mygrade @ I had expected
@ Let me check @ on the back side
let's start with how it is formed.
(j) more questions @mymistake Word Review p.61
@ hard to focus on @ had stayed up all night
@ the day before test @notatonce
@ to make up for it @ the other students 1. get-together 2. underneath
@ another chance @ the end of the world 3. cram 4. marble
@wanttoget @suggest 5. disaster
@l keep up with @ cramming for an exam

@ it's best to study @ concentrate more Find the synonymous word.
@ your advice 1. depressed 2. erupt

3. decay 4. formal
p.59 Choose the correct word.
CD divided into @ the type of rock 1. b 2.a 3.b

@ is made of @ texture
@ formed @ start with
(j) cools down @ two types
@ inside the earth's surface Chunking & Shadowing p.62
@ thousand years to form
Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen
@ On the other hand @ cools on the surface
and repeat.
@ a few days @ layers
1. The water transforms to a gas / and rises up / into
@ dead plants @ deposited by
the atmosphere.
@ force or process @ near lakes
2. Fossils are rare and difficult / to form / because
@l The third type of rocks
most living things decay easily / after death.
@ heat and pressure
3. I couldn't accept it / because it was much lower /
@ require heat
than I had expected.
@ One of the most popular
4. It was hard to focus on my exam / because I had
@marble
stayed up all night.
@ fancy hotels
5. Metamorphic rocks require heat / greater than
150°C / and high pressure.
04 Purpose
Sample p.65 G Did you know that we're having a space ~

event next month?
The first living thing to enter outer space was not a
B Is it the science fair where students make
human, but a Russian dog named Laika. When
projects related to space? Are you going to
scientists first found Laika, she was a stray dog
enter it?
wandering the streets of Moscow. After that, Laika
G Yes. Mr. Steve, our science teacher is making
was trained to fly in outer space. Scientists taught
her to stay motionless in a very small space for many everyone in our class participate.
days. She had to get used to being inside a space B Really? Do you have an idea for what you're
shuttle. She was also trained to eat a special type of going to do?
food in the spaceship. When the training was G I'm interested in rockets, so I might make a
completed, the Soviet space shuttle Sputnik 2 was model rocket.
----
launched into space with Laika on November 3rd, B A rocket... that sounds complicated. Are you
1957. sure you can make it work?
After launching, the temperature inside rose to 40 G Of course. I studied jet propulsion in a science
degrees Celsius as the spaceship gained speed. class. I'll use a balloon to power my rocket. It'll
Laika's heart began beating very fast and she
be cool! What about you?
eventually died, probably due to overheating, fear
B I haven't really thought about it, but I want to
and stress.
lQlQ ~.
Although she did not survive the trip, Laika helped
G Are you serious? Then, how about making a
scientists learn a lot about what happens to living
miniature solar system?
things in space. She made it easier for humans to fly
B That sounds great!
to outer space and finally to the moon.
Answer IA Answer Ie

p.67
wander stress stray
launch motionless Black holes
things get sucked !J:l &

nothing ~ out
Start Up p.66-67 I
Ex. a vacuum cleaner .,' the force of ~

Science Fair -- make projects related to space
I
I I
Gir1 Boy Black holes are one of the most interesting things
- make a model rocket - want to join in in space. What are they exactly? When a star runs
':studied ~ propulsion - gir1's suggestion: make
a mini. solar system.
out of energy, it cannot support its heavy weight
in a science class
anymore. The star eventually collapses into a single hard work and effort.
!!.Qy point. This tiny point then becomes like a G I see. It means I have to study very hard.
powerful vacuum cleaner. It can suck ~ anything. T Right. Most astronauts have excellent grades,
Well, think about when ~ vacuum. You can see especially in math and science. Needless to say,
the dirt and dust start to 9Q inside the vacuum. A you should have strong body and spirit.
black hole is something in outer space where G I guess I'd better hit the books and work out
things get sucked in and nothing gets out. more to be an astronaut, huh?
Then, why is everything pulled into a black hole? T That's right.
That's because of the force of ~. Like the way
that earth's gravity keeps us on the ground, that's Answer 11. D 2.A
what happens in a black hole as well. Its pull is so
strong that not even light can escape.
p.69
Answer IA Today, let's talk about one of the greatest astronauts,
Neil Alden Armstrong. He is one of the greatest men
in space exploration. On July 16th, 1969, Apollo 11
was launched, with more than one million people
Power Up p.68-69 looking on from beaches, fields and roads. Four
days later, on July 20th, Apollo 11 landed on the
T Have you ever thought about what you want to
moon and astronaut Neil Armstrong walked on the
be when you grow up?
moon's surface. After setting foot on the moon,
G Sure. The perfect job would be an astronaut. I
Armstrong said, "That's one small step for man,
think it'll be exciting to learn new things about
one giant leap for mankind." This was an amazing
space and other planets.
moment in history because people thought it would
T That sounds great!
be impossible to land on the moon.
G But I don't know exactly what ~ should do.
Neil Armstrong was born on August 5th, 1930 in
Can ~ tell me a little bit about it?
Ohio. In university, he studied aeronautical
T Okay. Have you ever heard about NASA? NASA
engineering as well as aerospace engineering. After
is an agency of the U.S. government. It is
he graduated, he became a test pilot to fly new
responsible for the study of space. Every two
planes. These new planes were the fastest planes
years, NASA picks people to join its astronaut
that had ever been made. Armstrong piloted planes
team.
that flew as fast as the speed of sound. In 1962,
G How many people get picked?
Armstrong heard that NASA was selecting people to
T Only twenty people get chosen. That's twenty
join the astronaut team and he applied for it. After
people out of thousands and thousands that
completing many months of testing, he was
apply to join.
selected to join the Apollo project and a few years
G Wow! I guess it must be really hard to become
later he became the first human being to walk on the
an astronaut.
moon.
T I don't want to discourage you, but if you really
want to become an astronaut, it takes lots of
Answer 11. C 2.A
in the night sky. It has been known since ancient
Challenge TOEFL iBT p.70-71
times. I'm sure you've all seen science fiction movies
G May I ask you about the Hubble Telescope? about creatures from Mars, right? Mars has always
T Sure, go ahead. What would you like to know? interested our imagination because it is very close to
G Well, first of all, I read that the Hubble Telescope our own planet.
is located in outer space. I have a telescope at Many people think that life may exist there. That's
home and sometimes I like to watch the stars. because some evidence shows water flowed on
What I'm wondering is why people don't just Mars in the past. But there are no rivers or oceans
have a huge telescope on Earth. found yet. So, currently, scientists are studying the
T That's a good question. See, the reason is that planet for signs of life that may have existed in the
it's able to see things more clearly in space. past.
G Is that because it's closer to the stars in outer Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in our solar
space? system, and its nickname is the "Red Planet"
T That's partly it. The main reason it can take b~cause of its red soil. This is caused by iron oxide.
clearer pictures is that the Earth's atmosphere Geographically, Mars has tall mountains and deep
can't get in the way. canyons. Olympus Mons may be the highest
G Atmosphere? You mean air? mountain and Valles Marineris is the deepest canyon
T Yes, I mean things like clouds and hot and cold in Mars. In addition, Mars has polar ice caps. They
air. Imagine if you attach a piece of cellophane exist on the North and South Poles of the planet.
tape to your window. You can still see, but not Like our own planet, Earth, Mars has seasons. The
as clearly. only difference is that seasons on Mars are roughly
G Oh, I see. And another thing I want to know is twice the length of those on Earth. That's because
how the telescope got its name. Mars is farther away from the Sun than Earth.
T Well, the telescope got the name from the Therefore, a year on Mars is twice as long as a year
astronomer Edwin Hubble. Edwin Hubble on Earth.
studied stars in far away galaxies and proved
that the universe was expanding. Answer 11.A 2.0 3.8
G He must've been a great astronomer.
T He sure was. He was the first one to notice
galaxies outside of our own Milky Way. So, the
Hubble Telescope got its name in honor of his Follow Up p.72-73
achievement.
CD first of all
@ in outer space
Answer 11. C 2.8 3.0
@athome
@ huge telescope on Earth
@ the reason is that
p.ll
@ closer to the stars
Good afternoon, class. Today I'm going to talk about
(J) take clearer pictures
the planet Mars. Mars is one of the brightest objects
@ get in the way Word Review p.7S
@ clouds and hot and cold air
@J attach a piece of cellophane tape
@ And another thing 1. canyon 2. astronomer
@ name from the astronomer 3. discourage 4. hit the books
@ faraway galaxies 5. flow

@proved
@expanding Find the synonymous word.
@ the first one to notice 1. miniature 2. run out

@in honor of 3. mankind 4. support

p.73 1. a 2.b 3.c
CD the planet @ one of the brightest
@ since ancient times @ science fiction movies
<ID creatures @ our imagination
(J) our own planet @ may exist Chunking & Shadowing p.76
@ some evidence @J water flowed
@ no rivers or oceans @ currently
and repeat.
@ for signs of life @ may have existed
1. Laika was trained to fly / in outer space
@ the fourth planet @ its nickname
2. I studied jet propulsion / in a science class.
• @ red soil @ Geographically
3. Neil Armstrong became the first human being to
@) tall mountains and deep canyons
walk / on the moon.
@ the highest mountain @ the deepest canyon
4. Edwin Hubble studied stars / in faraway galaxies
@ In addition @ polar ice caps
5. Mars is the fourth planet / from the Sun / in our
@ North and South Poles
solar system.
@ seasons @ difference
@ twice the length @ farther away
@ twice as long as
.n. Progress Test 2
Questions 1.....
5 p.78-79 Questions 6 .....
10 p.80-81
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that

B Hey. The newspaper here says that Pluto isn't a
comes down from a thunderstorm. It can be formed
planet anymore.
when cool wind meets warm wind. When two winds
G What do you mean? Did it blow up or something?
at different heights and at different speeds meet,
B No, nothing like that. It's just not a "planet"
they start to rotate - that is, spin in a circle. The
anymore. It's a "dwarf planet," a mini-planet,
circling air then becomes a vertical column. Wind
now.
pushing upwards makes it spin faster. As it keeps
G Who decided that?
spinning, it grows into a funnel cloud - wide at the
B A group of scientists-about 2,500 of them-had a
top and narrow at the bottom. Many funnel clouds
meeting in Prague.
just spin around in the air. But thunderstorms can
G I don't understand. How can a group of
scientists just decide that a planet isn't a planet pull them down to the ground. When the funnels
touch the ground, they become a tornado.
anymore?
Tornadoes can happen anywhere. But most
B Well, it seems there was a lot of arguing among
tornadoes occur in America, especially in the South
the scientists as well. But it says they finally
Central Plains. In this area, cool dry wind blows over
reached in mutual agreement. A planet should -
warm humid wind. This makes it easy for tornadoes
one, be in orbit around the sun. Two, it must be
to develop. Also, tornadoes happen more during the
large enough to be a nearly round shape. Lastly,
spring. That's because the spring has more chances
its orbit must keep clear of other objects.
of cool dry wind meeting with warm humid wind.
Pluto is in orbit around the sun, but its path
Sometimes tornadoes can cause a lot of damage.
overlaps with that of Neptune. So that's one
The worst case of tornadoes was the Super
reason why it can't be a planet. Another reason
Outbreak of 1974. It is the largest tornado outbreak
is Pluto's size. Since the early 1990s, scientists
on record. On April 3rd and 4th of 1974, 148
have discovered several objects that are about
tornadoes struck 13 states in 18 hours. 330 people
the same size as Pluto. Also, in 2003, they
were killed and 5,550 more injured.
discovered an object now called 2003 UB313.
If you're caught in a tornado, you should go to the
This is even bigger than Pluto. The problem is if
basement or the first floor of a building. People who
Pluto is kept as a planet, then 2003 UB313 and
are driving should get out of their cars and try to find
all the other objects could also be planets.
a place to hide, such as a ditch near the road.
Therefore, the scientists have decided to group
Pluto and some of the other objects together as
Answer 16.C 7.B 8.D g.C 10.A
"dwarf planets" instead.
G Hmm... I see. Then, there are only eight planets
now?
B That's right. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Satum, Uranus and Neptune.
Answer I 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A, D 5. C
179
www.nhantriviet.com
05 Relationship
Sample p.85 G Did you hear that the recital has been
postponed?
Most people can't tell the difference between a violin
B Postponed? Why? What's the reason?
and a viola. They are both used as instruments in
G You know we were supposed to play at the
classical music. In addition, they both are played in a
Grandview Concert Hall. Well, it is still being
similar way.
renovated and it won't reopen until next month.
However, there are some important differences.
B So we have to wait another month to play?
First, the viola's sound is slightly deeper and more
G No, I heard that we're going to play somewhere
classical, so it is more often used for harmony with
else. The staff is thinking either Orpheus Hall
other instruments. On the other hand, the violin has
on Main Street or the Royal Auditorium next to
a higher pitch and is frequently used as a solo
the highway.
instrument. Another difference is in shape. The viola
B The Royal? It's a bit far from here but it's great. It
is a little bigger than the violin. On average, the viola
was just built!
is one to four inches larger than the average violin.
G Yes, the Orpheus is much closer to downtown
Although both instruments have four strings, the
but it's quite small.
strings on the viola are thicker and longer. Because
of its bigger size and thicker strings, the viola
Answer I
requires more physical effort to play. That's why
some people feel the viola is more difficult to play The Royal
Orpheus Hall
Auditorium
than the smaller, lighter violin.
It is closer to downtown. ./'
It is new and great. ./'
Answer ID It is close to the highway. ./'

p.87
pitch average harmony
- color the macaroni
physical string
- thread the string through the needle
Making a macaroni
- - push the needle some macaroni
necklace
- remove the needle from the string
- tie the loose ends together
Start Up p.86-87
Today, we're going to make a necklace that the
The place for the recital
I Seminole Native Americans used to wear. The
I I
Orpheus Hall The Royal Auditorium Seminole women wore the necklace all the time.
- on Main Street -next to the highway They got a necklace on each of their birthdays until
- close to downtown - far from here
- quite small -just built
they turned 40 years old. One new necklace was
added on the neck each year. At the age of 40, they look closely at this picture of human body, you
began to take off one necklace year by year until will find geometric shapes. This is another
only one necklace was left. Interesting, isn't it? feature of cubism. The cubists use cubes,
Now, let's make this necklace using macaroni. We'll cylinders, balls and cones to simplify objects.
need some uncooked macaroni, various colors of B Oh, I see the body of a man looks like a large
paint, a large needle and some string. The first step cone.
is to color the macaroni. Then wait for the paint to T Good. I think you're starting to understand
dry. Next, thread the string through the eye of the cubism.
needle. After that, push it through some colored
macaroni. Make sure you get enough macaroni, so Answer 11. D 2.A
no part of the string is showing. Finally, remove the
needle from the string. Then tie the loose ends of
the string together to form the necklace. And there p.89
you have it! Today I'll be talking about jazz music. Jazz is a style
of music that developed in the beginning of the 20th
Answer ID century in the city of New Orleans. As with most

music, jazz is influenced by many different styles like
blues, gospel songs, folk songs and African music.
Jazz is played using the guitar, piano and drums,
Power Up p.88-89 which are popular and commonly used for other
music. But it has some features different from any
B This picture of a man is a bit funny. What kind of
other music. Above ~, the most significant feature
art is it?
of jazz is improvisation. Improvisation means
T Ah, this portrait is an example of Cubism.
making things up on the spot. That is, the
Cubism attempts to make the viewer see things
musicians create a melody or add a repeated
in a different way. So if you look at this face, for
section l!:! real time. The same song may be played
instance, you can see how the eyes, nose,
over and over again, but it will always sound different
mouth and ears are all shown from different
because the musicians are improvising.
viewpoints.
Besides improvisation, jazz music uses syncopation.
B Umm, it seems as if the face was cut and
Syncopation is a type of rhythm where the beats are
pasted all l!:! ~ jumbled manner! Why is it drawn
irregular, which creates an interesting sound. It
like this?
sounds a bit complicated, but if you've ever listened
T The cubists looked at the world from multiple
to jazz, you'll know what I mean.
viewpoints. They tried to show all the sides of
Because of these features, jazz can sound very
an object at once instead of describing the
chaotic at first. But the more you listen to it, the
object from one point of view.
more you'll learn to appreciate its rhythms and
B I see. That's why it doesn't look anything like a
melodies as well as the abilities of the musicians.
realistic portrait.
T Right. Here is another example of cubism. If you
Answer 11. D 2. D
Challenge TOEFL iBT p.90-91 Van Gogh did not become a painter until he was 27.
But during the last ten years of his life, he created
G Hi! I heard that the school has arts and crafts more than 2,000 works of art. Quite amazing, isn't it?
clubs? I'm new here and I'd be interested in
Van Gogh's earlier works are very different from his
joining.
later ones. At first, he was interested in showing
T Welcome! That's right. Actually we have several farmers' lives in a natural realistic way. He used dark
arts and crafts clubs. Among them, I'd like to
colors to do this. The most famous of these earlier
recommend the knitting club or the painting club. works is a painting called The Potato Eaters. It
G Sounds so interesting. Could you tell me more
shows five peasants sitting around a table eating
about them?
potatoes under an oil lamp. The whole painting is
T The painting club is the most popular. There are
very dark and realistic. Looking at the painting, you
about 15 students in the club. The knitting club
can feel like you are sitting right there with the
is also popular. They have around 8 students - 5
peasants.
or 6 are boys and 2 or 3 are girls.
In 1886, Van Gogh moved to Paris to live with his
G Would it be possible to join both of them?
brother, Theo. There, he saw how impressionists
T I don't see why not. They each meet on different
used bright new colors and painted with short, thick
days of the week. The painting club meets on
strokes of paint in their works. The impressionists
Mondays, and the knitting club on Fridays.
tried to show the feelings of their subjects rather
G I see. And what time and where does each club
than their exact forms. Van Gogh also began
meet?
painting in this style. This change can be seen in the
T They all meet after school at 4 pm in the art
famous Sunflowers series. From 1888 to 1889, he
room on the second floor. They usually run to 5
drew several oil paintings of sunflowers in vases.
or 5:30.
These paintings show sunflowers in all stages of life,
G Do I have to prepare anything?
from fully in bloom to withering and dying. His
T Well, it depends on the club. We supply paper
Sunflowers series is famous for its use of bright new
and paint, but you have to buy your own
colors, especially a bright yellow color called chrome
brushes and palette for the painting club. The
yellow. These paintings are loved for their simple
knitting club is free.
beauty as well.
G Will the art supplies be expensive? I don't have
much of an allowance.
Answer 11. B 2. D
T They don't cost much. You can buy everything
3.
for under 20 dollars.
Earlier Later
G That doesn't sound too bad. Thank you.
works works
Drawing the exact form of the subject ./
Answer 11. D 2.B 3.A Influenced by the impressionists ./
Using dark colors ./
Using bright colors ./
p.91
Vincent Van Gogh was born on March 30th, 1853.
Follow Up p.92-93 Word Review p.95
ill arts @crafts Find the word closest in meaning.

@new @ interested in joining 1. allowance 2. portrait
@several
3. cost 4. on the spot
@ recommend the knitting club 5. recital
(J) the painting club @ so interesting
@ tell me more about @ most popular Find the synonymous word.

@ around 8 students @ both of them
1. exact 2. chaotic
@ why not @ different days
3. postpone 4. appreciate
@ Mondays @ Fridays
@ what time @) where
@ after school @ in the art room
1. a 2.a 3.b
@ prepare @ depends on
@ supply @ have to buy
@ own brushes @ free
@ art supplies @ expensive
@ don't cost @ sound too bad

and repeat.
p.93 1. Most people can't tell / the difference between a
ill until he was 27 violin and a viola.
@ during the last ten years 2. The cubists tried to show / all the sides of an
@ more than @ amazing object / at once.
@ earlier works @ different from 3. You'll learn to appreciate / its rhythms and
(J) farmers' lives @ natural realistic way melodies.
@ dark colors @ The most famous 4. You have to buy / your own brushes and palette /
@ sitting around a table @ feel like for the painting club.
@ the peasants @ moved to Paris 5. Vincent Van Gogh drew / several oil paintings of
@ bright new colors @ with sunflowers / in vases.
@ impressionists @) show the feelings

@ rather than @ exact forms
@ in this style @ several oil paintings
@ in vases @ in all stages of life
@ fully in bloom @ withering and dying
@ bright new colors @ bright yellow color
@ simple beauty
06 Inference
p.99 B I really need to contact Mr. Green to ask about

Sample
the exam.
American Universities want students who can
G Why don't ~ visit his office?
succeed at more than just reading books and taking
B That's what I already did. But he was always
tests. They hope students can take part in social
out when I visited. The exam is coming soon.
activities and handle responsibility. That is, students'
It's quite urgent.
interpersonal skills are considered as important as
G What kinds of questions do you have?
their intellectual skills.
B I don't understand exactly the two houses of the
Therefore, to have a good chance to get into
U.S. government. It might be on this exam.
university, students must do more than just study
G Have you e-mailed him? The e-mail address is
hard. It is important to have not only high scores on
on the syllabus.
tests like SAT, but also have various kinds of
B Hmm ... I think it isn't a polite way to ask
experiences. So many schools in the U.S. provide
questions bye-mail.
many different extracurricular activities. It is by
G Then, you should call his office before you visit
participating in these activities that students can
him. If he doesn't answer, then you can leave a
develop their responsibility, leadership qualities and
message.
life skills during school days. Joining football and
B OK. Thank you for your help.
baseball teams, working in a student government or
doing volunteer work are good examples of extra-
Answer I D
curriculars. They will help students achieve more
things in life as well as in university.
p.10l
Answer I 8
What - - Not In My BackYard: don't want dirty or
unsuitable facilities to
Choose the correct word for each meaning. be built nearby

NIMBY
handle interpersonal responsibility Why - - afraid - facilities will cause serious harm
intellectual achieve most facilities: X cause serious problems
If waste dumps are built in your neighborhood, then

how do you feel? Generally, people don't want such
Start Up p.100-10l facilities to be built nearby. This phenomenon is
called NIMBY, which stands for "Not In My
Boy's problem ----- Girt's suggestion
I I BackYard."
- need to contact Mr. Green - call his office before you visit
NIMBY therefore describes people's attitudes
- visited his office - always out ~
- e-mail - X polite - X answer - leave a message against having dirty or unsuitable facilities near their
own communities. Though people usually admit G But... you see? There's nobody good for
those facilities are necessary, they don't want them President. A lot of people think Sally is too
to disturb their own town. For example, people see serious. Frank is friendly but... he doesn't really
the need for a treatment center for drug addicts or a do well in most of his classes, does he? I've
new social housing project, but they object to heard he's almost failing history and math. That
building these facilities on their street. leaves room for Bob to win. Stranger things have
People with NIMBY attitude will often fight very happened, after all.
hard against the plan. They are afraid that such B Not in this school.
facilities will cause serious harm to their

neighborhood. Some rumors make people think Answer 11. D 2.A
those facilities create bad effects. However, most
facilities actually do not cause serious problems for
p.103
their neighbors.
The Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring
Festival, is a major holiday among Chinese
Answer IA
populations. The festival begins on the first day of
the first lunar month in the Chinese calendar and
ends on the 15th.
The Chinese New Year is characterized by visits with
Power Up p.102-103
family and relatives. People usually spend time with
G Have you decided who you will vote for as Class their family during the holidays. In fact, it is the
President? largest annual human migration and causes huge
B I haven't decided yet. Frank is a nice guy and a problems with transportation.
good friend, but Sally really understands the There are some traditional practices during the New
things that are important to students. That's Year period. For example, they use the color red a
probably more important. lot. People wear special red clothes and give gifts of
G So, it's not hard for you to decide, then. new money in red envelopes. Some even paint
B No, except that I often disagree with Sally. We their doors, windows or houses red for the New
never get along. What about you? Year. They believe that the color red scares away
ghosts and bad fortune. People also sweep their
G I'm going to vote for Bob.
floors the evening before because sweeping on
B Bob? Are you kidding?
New Year's Day would mean pushing away their
G No, I'm serious. I think he would do a good job.
good fortune. Naturally there are traditional foods.
B Well, I suppose it's only one vote, and it's not
Fish is eaten on New Year's Eve, then dumplings
likely that he would ever win. He's such a joker. I
during the festival. The dumplings are considered to
still remember that time he almost set a fire in
wrap up good luck. On the contrary, buying new
the chemistry lab! I can't imagine what he'd do
things, or cutting your hair is considered to be
as President.
unlucky at this time.
G Perhaps you'll find out.
B Now you're joking!
Answer 11. D 2.C
www.nhantriviet.com
185
p.l04-10S p.l0S
Challenge TOEFL iBT
The Law of Supply and Demand is an important idea
G Dr. Hall, may I speak to you for a minute? in market economics. Here, supply means the
T Sure, but I have to go to my next class, so we'll amount of a product that is available. For example, if
have to talk as we walk. you have 5 pencils, then your supply for pencils is 5.
G No problem. I want to ask you about some The other important concept is demand. It means
sources for my term paper. the amount of need. Demand seems difficult to
T What topic are you writing about? measure but it really isn't. If 5 people want one
G I'm researching the impact of climate on culture. pencil each, then the demand for pencils is 5.
T Oh, like Robilliard described. That's an interesting The Law of Supply and Demand can explain why the
topic. price of a product changes. How? Well, if there is a
G But I'm looking for other views - you know, other balance between supply and demand, the price of a
people who have studied this, but reached product wouldn't change for a long time. That is,
different conclusions from Robilliard. there is just enough of the product available to
T That's certainly a good approach. satisfy the consumers. So in this situation, the price
G I know his viewpoints are the basis for most of a product will not change, if all other factors
work in that area. But surely some people remain equal.
disagreed? Now, let's imagine these changes: suddenly, there is
T Oh, many did, but his influence was so strong more demand than supply. This can happen when
that not many of his opponents got published.
the supply suddenly drops or when the demand for
G That's why I hardly found any journals with
a product suddenly increases. In this case, there
opposing views.
isn't enough of a product to satisfy the consumers.
T Umm ... I might have some articles that disagree
The Law of Supply and Demand says that in such
with his conclusion. Actually I was interested in
cases where demand is greater than supply, the
that subject when I was a graduate student.
price will go up.
G Really? Can I see the articles if you still have
The Law of Supply and Demand also predicts that
them?
the price will fall when supply is greater than
T I haven't used them in many years, so let me find
demand. When consumers are not buying a product
them first.
or there is much more available than people want,
G OK. Good! When can I drop by your office then?
the price will go down. And we see this in real
T Stop in next week.
markets. As long as there aren't any unusual
G That's fine. I have other papers to work on this
conditions like illegal price fixing or wars, the Law of
week.
Supply and Demand is accurate.
Answer 11. D 2.D 3.C

Answer 11.8 2.A 3.8
Follow Up p.l 06-1 07 Word Review p.l09
CD may I speak to @ my next class Find the word closest in meaning.

@aswewalk @Noproblem 1. available 2. approach
<ID some sources @ my term paper 3. facility 4. population
(j) What topic @ researching 5. drop by
@ interesting topic @ looking for
@ have studied @ different conclusions Find the synonymous word.
@ good approach @basis
1. consumer 2. annual
@surely @disagreed
3. predict 4. object
@influence @ so strong
@J got published @ with opposing views

@mighthave @articles
1. a 2.b 3.b
@ disagree with @ conclusion
@ was interested in @ a graduate student
@Can I see @ you still have
~ drop by your office @nextweek
Chunking & Shadowing p.ll0

p.l07 and repeat.
CD in market economics @ amount of a product 1. If Mr. Green doesn't answer, / then you can leave
@ your supply for pencils @ demand a message.

2. Frank is a nice guy, / but Sally really understands
<ID the amount of need @ difficult to measure
the things well.
(j) demand for pencils @ changes
3. Though people usually admit / those facilities are
@ there is a balance @ wouldn't change
necessary, / they don't want them to disturb / their
@ just enough @ satisfy the consumers
own town.
@ remain equal
4.lf there is a balance / between supply and
@ more demand than supply
demand, / the price of a product wouldn't change
@ the supply suddenly drops
/ for a long time.
@ suddenly increases @ is greater than
@ the price will go up @J predicts
@ will fall @ much more available
@ the price will go down @ any unusual conditions
@ accurate
.n. Progress Test 3
Questions 1 r<oJ5 p.112-113 Questions 6r<oJ1 0 p.114-115
G Excuse me sir, but could I ask you about our Two of the most common types of illnesses are a
final exam? I'm not sure how to prepare and cold and the flu. People sometimes confuse the two
study for it. because often the symptoms are similar and both
T Well, listen all you guys, the final exam will have are caused by viruses which may be passed from
the same number of the questions as the one person to another.
midterm. But the final will have short essay Actually, a cold and the flu cause many of the same
questions while all questions were multiple symptoms, but the common cold is less serious
choices for the midterm. The exam will cover all than the flu. Cold symptoms include a runny nose, a
the material we've studied this year except for fever, a sore throat, an inability to hear properly and
units 2, 3 and 7 in the textbook. But none of the a headache. Like those of a cold, symptoms of the
material studied on field trips will be on the final flu are a sore throat, a pain in the chest, coughing,
exam. shivering, sweating and muscle aches and pains.
G I see. Is there anything else I should know about However, when you catch the flu, you immediately
studying for the exam? get a high fever. You'll feel weak and tired.
T You know, this semester, we've learned Then, what should you do when you have a cold or
community and culture in our society and basic the flu? The best thing to do when you have either of
economics and business. In the community and them is to take plenty of rest. It's good to stay at
culture part, you should review many different home in bed. Don't do too much physical activity.
phenomena in our society. In the part about Also, drink lots of water. This will help keep your
economics and business, it is important to know body from losing too much water and will also make
the definitions of the economics terms. And ... you feel better if you have a high fever. Drinking hot
hmm ... you should review your notes and go lemon or honey tea may be effective if you have a
over your previous quizzes and tests. Although blocked nose.
the exact questions won't be repeated, some of For both these illnesses, it's important to remember
the information may be used on the exam. that medicine can't cure them because they are
G Mr. Smith, I was sick for a few days during the caused by viruses, not bacteria. But medicine can
semester, so I missed several quizzes. What be used to relieve symptoms such as muscle aches,
should I do? headaches and fever.
T Well, if you've missed some quizzes, you should
write some reports by next week. Drop by my Answer 16. B 7.0 8. C
office after class, and I'll give you the subjects 9.
for the reports.
Cold Flu
G I see. Thank you. Immediatelyhavinga high fever ./
T Well... this exam is worth 45 percent of your final Havinga sorethroat ./ ./
grade. If you guys didn't do so well on your unit
Causedby a virus ./ ./
tests or quizzes, now is the time to make up for
it. 10. B
Answer I 1. 0 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A
07 Attitude
Sample p.119 G Earth Day is coming. As the members of the

environmental club, we'll have some events
Waste reduction is strongly related to recycling.
like what we did last year.
Actually, many materials we use every day can be
S Well, this time how about carrying on a
recycled. Some of the most common ones are paper
campaign for reducing waste?
products such as newspapers, magazine and
G Sounds good. Certainly, there is too much
cardboard. But still some of you probably throw
garbage produced in our school.
paper away thoughtlessly. Think about this. How
B Hmm ... I have one idea. We use a lot of paper in
much waste would we make if we didn't recycle the
the classroom, but as you know we normally use
paper? It is obvious we would run out of space to put
only one side of it. If we use both sides, we will
garbage. Not only that, we might need to cut down a
save a lot.
lot more trees to make paper products, which means
G That's good.
that forest would be destroyed little by little.
S I think if we hand out pamphlets and give a
Reusing products also reduces waste. It is even
presentation about it, students would listen to
better than recycling because products don't have
that idea carefully.
to be reprocessed. There are some ideas to reuse.
G Sounds like we have a lot of work to do! Let's
Make your own wrapping paper for gifts from old
~ at it.
newspaper comics instead of buying new gift
wrapping paper. Also, use cloth bags and napkins
Answer I B
that are reusable and will not have to be thrown
away after one use. To protect our environment is
everyone's duty. p.12l
Animals at risk - Giant panda
Answer Ie I
I
I
Girl's thought Main reasons
- going extinct - cutting down forests

.: the pollution in China . [the habitat
: disappearing
the bamboo trees
protect recycle throw out
garbage duty
T Today, we're going to talk about some animals
at risk. Like ... well, like the giant panda for
example. Can someone tell me what ~
Start Up p.120-l2l happening to the giant panda?

G Isn't it ~ extinct... because of the pollution
- a campaign for reducing waste
in China?
: use both sides of the paper
Earth Day events { What T Ummm ... that might be a factor. There are
- hand out pamphlets
How - - give a presentation
several reasons why a particular species
becomes endangered. China is developing after school in room 207.
very quickly now. People are cutting down B Uh-oh. That's too bad. I have a volunteer activity
forests. And a lot of land is being used for on Thursdays.

apartments or skyscrapers ... for new buildings. G Hmm ... why don't you just go and talk to Mr.
So, the habitat of the giant panda is disappearing. Perry, the organizer? Maybe he'll have some
The bamboo trees that the panda eats are also ideas about how you could get involved. We
being depleted. These things put a lot of always need more people. We would be happy if
pressure on the panda. So there are only about you could join us.
1,060 left living in the world.
1. n. B Jane, you're in that club, "Friends of the
n. G Isn't it going extinct... because of the pollution in Planet," right?
China? G Yeah, sure. VVhy?

T Ummm. .. that might be a factor. B Uh ... what's it like? It seems like it's for
astronomy.
Answer ID
Answer 11.A 2.C
p.123
Power Up p.122-123
T Global warming is a very important issue in the
B Jane, you're in that club, "Friends of the
news these days. But I wonder how many of
Planet," right?
you really understand what it is. Yes, Chris?
G Yeah, sure. Why?
B Uh... I know that the temperature of the earth is
B Uh ... what's 1! like? It seems like it's for
getting warmer. But I don't know exactly why
astronomy.
it matters. Won't warmer weather be nicer for
G Nope. It's an environmentalist club ... you know,
everyone?
for people who want to help protect the
T Hmm... well, do you really think so? Have you
environment.
ever thought about the changes of the earth?
B Oh, I see. And ... um... what kinds of things do
Jenny?
you do exactly?
G If the earth gets hotter, some important changes
G Well, we try to get people interested in the
might occur. The changes of the weather might
environment. We tell people how important it is
lead to changes in rainfall pattems. Some places
and how much it has been damaged.
will have a lot of rain and others will become
B That sounds like something I would be into. I
drier.
care about those things.
T Right. These changes will also affect crops,
G Really? We also start projects to help reduce
animals and even people. In the end, it might
waste, like the recycling programs. We will make
cause the extinction of plants and animals. And
and sell T-shirts. The money from selling T-shirts
more?
will be donated to groups working on protection
G Hmm ... global warming will make the Polar Ice
of the earth. The meetings are on Thursdays
melt, too. Ice melting will expand the sea and
make sea levels rise. Then, the cities on coasts with a projector or a laptop.
will be flooded and disappear. B It'll be good. Pictures say a lot more than just
T Yes, exactly. The ice melting will fill up the describing things with words.
oceans and make them overflow on the lower G But I think it's not enough. Is there any way to
land such as in the Netherlands and Bangladesh. attract the interest of everyone?
Finally, many people will have to leave their B Umm ... are you going to deal with noise
homes and a range of farmland will be ruined. pollution? If so, you can put sound effects in
your presentation.
1. [\ B Uh... I know that the temperature of the earth is G Wow, that's a great idea! I think that would really
getting warmer. But I don't know exactly why it
get people's attention.
matters. Won't warmer weather be nicer for
everyone?
T Hmm well, do you really think so? Answer 11. D 2.D 3.C
[\ T Hmm well, do you really think so?
Answer 11. C 2.C p.12S

Ozone is the highest layer of the atmosphere and it
has a very important function. It's like the earth's
sunglasses. It blocks most of the sun's harmful
Challenge TOEFL iBT p.l 24-1 25 radiation. See, the earth is always being hit by
ultraviolet radiation from the sun. If all of that UV
B What's going on with your presentation?
radiation hit living things, they would get a lot of
Everything's going well?
damage. UV also causes growth problems, and it's
G Uh... I did a lot of research for this project. But I
been linked to cancer. But fortunately, the ozone
couldn't really come up with anything. You
layer has blocked quite a lot of it. But the problem is
know, I don't want to do a normal presentation.
that it's getting thinner all over.
B What do you mean, exactly?
In the 1980s, scientists found ozone holes or large
G Well, my topic is pollution. It is a common topic
thin areas over the North and South Poles. With the
and everyone already knows something about it;
ozone depletion, the amount of UV reaching us has
they know it's a problem and they also know
slightly increased. This small increase doesn't mean
what causes it. So, I don't want to just stand up
we can't enjoy the outdoors, but we should always
in front of the class and talk to them only about
be careful.
the usual textbook information. That's not going
Countries around the world have seen the threats of
to make them really listen carefully.
ozone depletion and have agreed to a treaty called
BUm ... Well, what about using visual aids? It will
the Montreal Protocol. This protocol will help people
be very useful to make your presentation more
stop making and using ozone-destroying chemicals
effective.
called CFCs. They're used in air conditioners,
G That's one of the ideas I had. I already found
refrigerators and spray cans. Those chemicals float
some good images in the library such as pictures
up into the ozone layer and they break apart the
of polluted cities and pollution graphs. I'm going
ozone molecules. Now, a lot of people want to stop
to scan those images and show them on screen
companies from using CFCs in their products. That @ threats of ozone depletion
is the only way that we can stop the damage to the @ have agreed to
ozone layer. @ help people stop making and using
@ air conditioners @ refrigerators
Answer 11. C 2.A 3.C @spraycans

@ float up into the ozone layer
@ break apart
@ stop companies from using
Follow Up p.126~127
@ the only way
CD What's going on with @goingwell @> damage to the ozone layer
<ID a lot of research @ come up with anything

@ I don't want to do @pollution
!J) a common topic @ it's a problem Word Review p.129
@ what causes it @stand up
@ the usual textbook Find the word closest in meaning.
@ make them really listen carefully 1. fill up 2. skyscraper

@ using visual aids @ useful to make 3. extinct 4. rainfall
@ more effective @ some good images 5. habitat
@ polluted cities @ pollution graphs
@ scan those images @ show them on screen Find the synonymous word.
@ describing things with words 1. block 2. habitat
@ it's not enough 3. damage 4. donate
@ Is there any way to attract
@ deal with noise pollution Choose the correct word.
@ sound effects @ get people's attention
1. a 2.b 3.b
p.127
CD the highest layer @ atmosphere
<ID important function @ earth's sunglasses Divide into meaningful groups of words. Then listen
@the sun's harmful radiation and repeat.
@ being hit by !J) living things 1. How much waste would we make / if we didn't
@ a lot of damage @ growth problems recycle paper?
@ been linked to cancer @ has blocked 2. If we use both sides, / we will save a lot of paper.
@ it's getting thinner @ ozone holes 3. We would be happy / if you could jOin us.
@ large thin areas 4. If the earth gets hotter, / some important changes
@ With the ozone depletion might occur.
@ slightly increased @ can't enjoy 5. If all of that UV radiation hit living things, / they
@ be careful would get a lot of damage.
08 Function
Sample p.133 Choose the correct word for each meaning.
make up term genre

T We're starting The Iliad this week. It was written
recite crowd
by Homer, a man who lived in Greece in the 6th
or 7th century B.C. It's quite different from
novels, like The Grapes of Wrath we've read last
term. Let's turn to the ending page. It continues
Start Up p.134-135
till page 146. You see? It is a very long poem.
This genre of literature is called epic poetry. Boy Gin
Epics deal with the adventures of a hero or Crime and Punishment: really wanted don't like reading
- by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
legendary events. In Greece, even before there -a ~ about a young man
was a writing system, people would make up who decides to kill an old woman
very long poems. They just memorized the whole

thing and would recite poems in front of a crowd. G Hey, there! How was your Christmas vacation?
This was a form of entertainment. Well, Homer What did you get?
was the first person who wrote one of these B You mean presents? Oh, I got the book that I
kinds of poems down. really wanted, Crime and Punishment by Fyodor
B Hmmoo.A form of entertainment with such a long Dostoyevsky. I stayed !:!p nights reading over
poem? the book. Have you ever read it?
T Well, it certainly is long. The Iliad, with modern G No, I don't like reading.
reading, takes about 14 hours to read out loud. B Oh, but this book might change your mind. It's
But people didn't have. to stay for the whole great. Well, it's a story about a young man who
thing. They could just come for the parts they decides to kill an old woman and then his guilt
makes him 9.Q~. The police detective finally
liked.
tracks him down and proves that he did it.
n. T They just memorized the whole thing and would Doesn't it sound interesting?
recite poems in front of a crowd. This was a form G Ummoo.Sounds like a show on lVoo. like a police
of entertainment. Well, Homer was the first person
drama or something.
who wrote one of these kinds of poems down.
S Hmm ... A form of entertainment with such a long
B Yeah, it is kind of like that. I think you'd like it.
poem?
n. S Hmm ... A form of entertainment with such a long n. G No, I don't like reading.
poem? SOh, but this book might change your mind.
n. SOh, but this book might change your mind.
Answer IA
Answer IB
p.135 Renaissance literature for a project I'm doing.
written ~ Anne Frank And, um, I'm not really sure how to use the
The Diary of a Young Girl I

a diary about real situations
computer catalog.
l
a record of the 2 years when her
family was hidin~ in the Netherlands
L Alright. I can show you. Our catalog has a nice
search engine. It's not difficult. What do you
want exactly?
B Oh, actually I'm not sure what I need. Just any...
T The book, The Diary of a Young Girl, was written
anything on the topic.
~ Anne Frank. I'm sure you've all heard of
L Well... hmm. I think you'd better narrow your
Anne Frank before.
search.
G Wasn't she ... like ... in the Holocaust or
B What do you mean?
something?
L For fast and accurate results, you should enter
T Yes... and?
the key words like a specific author's work or
G She kept a diary during World War II. It is about
maybe work from a specific country. Um ...
real situations.
something that isn't going to generate quite a lot
T Right. WelL.. her diary is a record of the 2 years
of results.
when her family was hiding in the Netherlands.
B Okay. How about English Renaissance
Anne Frank grew up in a wealthy Jewish family
literature? Or how about Milton? He's one of the
in Germany. With the rise to power of Adolf
people I have to write about.
Hitler, her father got his family out of the
L Good. Let's try to enter that. Okay. Well, here
country to the Netherlands. But, unfortunately,
are your results, about 20 titles. So, these might
the German army invaded the Netherlands. So,
be what you're looking for. What you need to do
they weren't safe there, either. Her father
is to check the number in the left-hand column.
thought of a very clever way of keeping the
That's the reference number ... The number is
family hidden. But then ... well, I shouldn't tell
going to help you find the book in the shelves.
you too much. We'll find out more when we
Alright?
read the book.
B OK. Thanks a lot.
A G Wasn't she... like... in the Holocaust or something?

T Yes and? 1. A B Oh, actually I'm not sure what I need. Just
A T Yes and? any anything on the topic.
L Well hmm. I think you'd better narrow your
search.
Answer IA A L Well... hmm. I think you'd better narrow your
search.
Answer I 1.8 2. D
Power Up p.136-137
L Can I help you?

p.137
B Uh, yes. I want to find some materials on
T Okay, we're almost finished class for today. But
before we go, I want to tell you something. The T It's OK, Jessica. Come on in. I hope it's not
English department is having a ~ reading about the last test. I've been very busy, and I
contest. We are looking for students who want haven't finished marking them yet.
to participate. Of course, there'll be prizes. The G Uh... no. It's not that. I just want to talk about the
first place winner gets a new ~ computer, book report.
and there are also going to be some other prizes T Oh, I see. Are you having trouble with it?
for the second and third place winners. G Umm ... I haven't finished it yet. So ... I'm
S Really? Sounds cool! wondering if you could give me a little more time.
T It's going to be next Saturday evening in lecture T Don't you remember what I said at the beginning
hall B. Anyone can join in. of the class?
B What should I do to join in? G Oh! But, sir, I...
T We want students to read their original poetry ... T Well, I don't usually make exceptions.
something they've written. The audience is going G But, sir, my family moved to a new apartment
to vote and choose the person who writes in the last weekend. So all of my books were in the
most creative way. boxes, and ...
S You mean, do I have to write my own poem? T Jessica, I'm really sorry about your situation, but
T Sure. If you guys are interested, hand in your you've had two weeks for this book report.
poem to the English department. Your name and G I know and I've really tried to finish it. I was
a contact number have to be at the top of the writing about Macbeth. I've read the book, and
first page. I really hope that many of you come. It I've written most of the summary of the plot. Oh,
will be a good experience. and I did the character descriptions, too.
SAw! I really need a laptop, but I'm bad at T Hmm ... It sounds like you've been working on it.
composing. Then when can you hand the report in?

G Ummm ... I think I can finish it by this Friday at
1. i1 T The English department is having a poetry the latest.
reading contest. We are looking for students T It's alright. This is a special situation, but don't
who want to participate. Of course, there'll be
expect to get a good grade. I know you are a
prizes. The first place winner gets a new laptop
computer, and there are also going to be some good student, but it is also important to complete
other prizes for the second and third place the task by a certain time.
winners. G Oh! Thank you so much.
B Really? Sounds cool!
n. B Really? Sounds cool!
3. n. G Umm ... I haven't finished it yet. So ... I'm
wondering if you could give me a little more
Answer 11.C 2.8 time.
T Don't you remember what I said at the
beginning of the class?
i1 T Don't you remember what I said at the
beginning of the class?
Challenge TOEFL iST p.138-139
G Hello, sir? Are you busy right now? Answer 11.C 2.0 3.0
p.139 Follow Up p.140-141
Today, I want to introduce Ernest Hemingway. He is
one of the greatest American writers. He was
CD Are you busy @ Come on in
famous for his lifestyle as well as his writing style. He CID about the last test
@ haven't finished marking
usually wrote novels and short stories about
outdoorsmen and soldiers that often reflected his @ book report @ having trouble with
(J) haven't finished @ wondering if
own experience. He liked traveling, skiing, fishing
and hunting. Also he worked for the Red Cross @ a little more time @ what I said
during World War I and used to be a war journalist in @ make exceptions
Spain. Hemingway was married four times and had @ moved to a new apartment
quite a few girlfriends. In addition, he had a drinking @ in the boxes
problem. This doesn't come as a surprise, though. @ sorry about your situation
Now, let's turn to his unique writing style. It was @ two weeks @ most of the summary
different from the style of writers that came before @ character descriptions @ working on it
him. Most of those writers wrote very long @ hand the report in @ at the latest
sentences. They also used a lot of flowery words. @ special situation @ get a good grade
Hemingway's style was nothing like that. He wrote @ a good student @ by a certain time
very simply and directly, with short sentences and

basic vocabulary. However, his stories were
p.141
wonderful. He even got prizes for his work, like the
Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. These are the CD one of the greatest @ famous for
highest awards for writing! His work also had a big CID as well as
influence on a lot of later writers. @ novels and short stories
Now, we're going to look at some of his most @ often reflected @ hunting
famous works. We'll start with The Old Man and the (J) worked for
Sea. That's the one he won the Pulitzer Prize for. @ used to be a war journalist
@ married four times
3. A T Hemingway was married four times and had @ drinking problem @ come as a surprise
quite a few girlfriends. In addition, he had a
@ his unique writing style
drinking problem. This doesn't come as a
surprise, though. @ different from @ came before him
A T This doesn't come as a surprise, though. @ long sentences @ flowery words
@ simply and directly @ basic vocabulary
Answer 11. B 2.0 3.0 @wonderful
@ highest awards for writing
@ influence on @ going to look at
@ start with @ the one he won
Word Review p.143
1. track down 2. detective

3. generate 4. invade
5. hide
1. reflect 2. participate
3. audience 4. unique
1. a 2.c 3.a
Chunking & Shadowing p.l44

and repeat.
1. It was written by Homer, / a man who lived in

Greece.
2. It's a story / about a young man / who decides to
kill an old woman.
3. We are looking for students / who want to
participate.
4. The audience is going to choose the person / who
writes in the most creative way.
5. It was different from the style of writers / that
came before him.
-
.n. Progress Test 4
T The first class is this week, so let me know soon.

Questions 1•...5 p.146-147
B OK. Thanks, Mrs. Logan.
B Mrs. Logan, I really enjoyed today's home
economics class. 4. [\ T Eighteen students have signed up for the class.
T That's great, Tim. Your group made ham and Six of them are boys.
B Six? Really? That's good to hear.
cheese sandwiches and potato salad, right?
[\ B Six? Really? That's good to hear.
B Yes. I had so much fun cooking. I'd love to learn
more recipes. Isn't there a cooking class among
Friday's extra-curricular activities?
Answer I 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D
T Yes, there is. Like all the other activities, it takes

place every other Friday, when there are no
regular classes. Questions 6 ....10 p.148-149
B How long is the program and what would I
T Okay, let's stop reading there. We read, "All the
learn?
T It's a three-month program. An instructor from a world's a stage, and all the men and women
nearby institute comes to the school. Each merely players." Here, the writer, Shakespeare,
lesson, you will make two kinds of food. You'll is using a metaphor. A metaphor is a tool that is
start off with easy-to-make food like salads and used by many writers, especially in poetry. Now,
soup. Then you'll cook some more difficult food who can tell me what a metaphor is?
like spaghetti and fried rice dishes. Near the end, G I guess a metaphor is to say something is like
you'lIleam how to bake cakes and cookies. something else.

B Great! T Well, um, that's a good starting point for a
T And for the last class, there is a pizza party. You definition. Anything else?
make your own pizza, of course. B Umm ... for instance, something like this -
B Sounds great. What do I have to bring to the "you're my sunshine." It means "you" equals
class? "sunshine." A metaphor states that "A is B."
T All the ingredients and cooking tools will be T Right. The word "metaphor" comes from Greek.
provided for you. You just need to bring an It means "to carry over" or "transfer." That's
apron and a head scarf. So, would you like me what a metaphor does; it carries information
to put your name down? about one thing over to another. We have ideas
B Well, I'll talk with mother first because I have to and emotions about the first thing, and a
quit other extra-curricular activities to take the metaphor carries them over to a new subject.
cooking class. But there's one other thing. Uh... This can show us something that we may not
are there any other boys taking the class? I'm have thought about before. Then, what did
afraid I might be the only boy. Shakespeare mean by this sentence?
T Eighteen students have signed up for the class. G Umm ... I think he wanted to point out similarities
Six of them are boys. between our lives and a theater stage, right?
B Six? Really? That's good to hear. T Exactly. By comparing the world and a theater
stage, Shakespeare's saying that people have a
part that they play, like their roles in society or
their jobs. Also, actors come on the stage and
leave the stage; they're born and they die.
Shakespeare was able to say all of those things
and make us think in a new way, but he only
used a few words. That is why a metaphor is
such a useful tool for writers.
10. A T Now, who can tell me what a metaphor is?

G I guess a metaphor is to say something is like
something else.
T Well. um, that's a good starting point for a
definition. Anything else?
A T Well. um. that's a good starting point for a
definition. Anything else?
Answer 16. C 7. B a.A, D 9. C 10. D
.n. Actual Test
Questions 1,... 5 p.152-153 Answer I 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5.A
G Hello. I was wondering if I could ask you

something.
T Sure. What is it? Questions 6,...10 p.154-155
G Well, it's just a general question about studying
One of the greatest composers in the history of
French. You see, I want to go abroad to study in
classical music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was
Paris sometime in the future, so I thought I'd
born in Bonn, Germany, on December 17th, 1770.
learn French. And since you're the French
His first music teacher was his own father.
teacher, I'd like to see you first.
Beethoven's father was a very rough man who
T I see. Have you ever studied French before?
treated young Beethoven very harshly and beat him
G No, but I'm planning on taking the introductory
often. Sometimes his father would come home
French course next semester.
drunk with his friends and embarrass Beethoven by
T That's a good start. It would be helpful to learn
making him perform in the middle of the night. Also
new words and basic grammar. One thing I
Beethoven's father would force Beethoven to
recommend is to not get discouraged. A lot of
practice several hours every day. If Beethoven ever
students find learning another language difficult
made a mistake, his father would punch his ears as
at first and just give up.
punishment.
G I'll keep that in mind. Anything else?
In 1792, Beethoven moved to Vienna, Austria, where
T Uh... try to practice as much as possible. I know
he studied piano under Joseph Haydn. It was when
that may be hard because there aren't many
he began to receive attention for his musical talents
French speakers in this town, but you could
and began to earn a living as a musician. Instead of
always join the French club at the community
working only for the church or the aristocratic court,
center and get together with other students who
Beethoven was the first musician to earn money
learn the language.
through freelance work. He composed music which
G The French club?
could be sold and received money from rich
T Yes. It has special lecturers who come in to
patrons. Moreover, he made money from giving
teach French. Besides, they do lots of fun things
concerts and private lessons.
like watching French films and cooking French
When he was in his late 20s, Beethoven began to
food in the club. This helps you learn about
lose his hearing. This made it difficult for Beethoven
French culture, too.
to listen to music or to even have a normal
G That sounds very interesting.
conversation. By 1802, Beethoven lost his hearing
T It's important to understand the culture of the
completely, yet he continued to compose music.
country before you start to learn its language.
Although he couldn't hear anything, he completed
You can learn the language more easily if you
his final symphony, the Ninth Symphony, in 1824.
know its culture enough. After all, language and
When the symphony was first performed, Beethoven
culture are related.
didn't even notice the audience's enthusiastic
G OK. Thank you for your advice.
applause at the end. Someone had to turn him Dromedary camels to do. Personality is another
around to let him see with his own eyes how much distinguishing characteristic. Bactrian camels are
they loved his music. much gentler than Dromedary camels. Dromedary
camels tend to be more stubborn and even spit
Answer I 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A when they are angry.
Answer I 11. C 12. D 13. A

14.
Questions 11 ,.,.15 p.156-157
Dromedary Bactrian
camels camels
Camels have helped man for thousands of years.
Their fur is even throughout
They have been used for transportation as well as ./'
the year.
for carrying heavy loads. They are useful because of They have milder tempers. ./'
their ability to survive without food or water for many They have only one hump. ./'
, days at a time. The hump on camel's back makes it They can climb up steep ./'
possible. This special hump contains fat. When mountains.
camels need water, they can make the fat convert

15.C
into water.
There are two types of camels. Those with only one
hump are called Dromedary camels and those with
two humps are called Bactrian camels. Although Questions 16,.,.20 p.158-159
they are basically similar, they have some
The earth's axis is an imaginary line that runs
differences, too. First, Dromedary camels are the
through the middle of the earth from the North Pole
older of the two breeds. They were first used by
to the South Pole. It is tilted about 23.5 degrees.
people around 3000 B.C. on the Arabian Peninsula
This tilt of the earth's axis causes the earth to have
in the Middle East. On the other hand, Bactrian
different seasons.
camels were first domesticated in Asia around 2500
Let's first take a look at the Northern Hemisphere. In
B.C.
June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the
Second, according to the region they grow, the hair
sun. June 21st is the first day of summer. Because
is different. The length of dromedaries' fur is even
the earth is leaning toward the sun, it gets more
throughout the year. This is because the desert
direct sunlight and is warmer. Also during the time,
climate in which they live doesn't get cold in the
the angle of the sun is higher, and therefore the days
winter. In contrast, Bactrian camels have thicker
are longer. This makes the sun heat the earth for a
coats to deal with the harsh winter weather in Asia
longer amount of time, so it gets warmer.
where temperatures can reach minus 40 degrees
On the other hand, in December, the Northern
Celsius. And in the spring, when it gets warmer, they
Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. December
shed their coats to prepare for the hotter months.
21st is the first day of winter. Because the earth is
Third, the body shape is different from each other.
leaning away from the sun, it gets less direct
Because of having two humps, Bactrian camels
sunlight and is cooler. Also, in the winter, the angle
have stockier bodies as well as shorter legs. This
of the sun is lower, and the days are short, giving the
allows them to travel up and down steep mountains
sun less time to heat the earth.
carrying a lot of baggage, something impossible for
201
www.nhantriviet.com
So, what about the Southern Hemisphere? The
Southern Hemisphere is opposite the Northern
Hemisphere. When the Northem Hemisphere is tilted
towards the sun, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted
away. It makes the seasons opposite as well. In the
Southern Hemisphere, it is winter in June and
summer in December. For example, it is early
summer at Christmas in Australia. How do most
Australians celebrate Christmas? They go to the
beach or camp outdoors!
20. [\ T How do most Australians celebrate Christmas?

They go to the beach or camp outdoors!
[\ T They go to the beach or camp outdoors!
Answer 116. D 17.A 18. B 19. D 20. D

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CON TEN T 5

Before You Start 1 12

PART I Basic Comprehension

Chapter 01 Main Idea ..... 15

Chapter 02 Details .......... 29

Progress Test 1 ... 43

PART II Connecting Information

Chapter 04 Purpose. ................................ 63

Progress Test 3 .. ... 111

PART N I Pragmatic Understanding

Chapter 07 Attitude .. .. 117

Chapter 08 Function .. 131

Progress Test 4 . ...... ... 145

ActuaL Test 1 1_51

Answer Key & Audio Scripts . 161

~ CD 1-05 A: Are you angry that I didn't call you back?

5 Pay attention to the intonation - how a speaker's voice goes up and

~ CD 1-06 A: You went abroad during the holidays, didn't\you?

Typical Question Types

• Pay attention to introductory words.

• Pay attention to conclusion words as well.

16 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

Listen to a lecture in a biology class. CD1-08

What is the main topic of the lecture?

@ What cactus spines do

Choose the correct word for each meaning.

a very small plant that grows in wet places

to make a liquid change into a gas

to keep something to use in the future

slightly wet or watery

suck up moss store evaporate moist

www.nhantriviet.com 01_ Main Idea 17

Talk about Emily's _. _ check for spelling _

What are the speakers mainly talking about?

(A) How to make a better report

G Excuse me, Mr. Smith. Alison said you me.

beaver a , make a pond and then build a home inside

that 7 Do you know I mean?

out a "b" in "webbed." And you need to try to a better

title than The Beaver.

G Maybe Beavers at Work?

T There you go! _

18 PART1_ Basic Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com

What is the teacher mainly talking about?

(A) How your body makes different fluids

Body fluid is a general term _ ____ for all _

_____ ,.Let's take a look at some of them.

_____ and other to your cells and organs. It also waste

_____ from your body.

Second, there is saliva. It is made in your mouth to your mouth ----

eat and the food becomes . This makes it easier

for the food to move through your -----

Third, there is mucus. _ __ is a body fluid. It covers some parts of

www.nhantriviet.com 01_ Main Idea 19

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? Note-taking

(A) Counting calories in different foods Main Topic

(B) Healthy ways to lose weight

2 What is true about the conversation?