Bunkers and Silos

Note: Eqn. (13.6) is applicable for maximum depth h = hmax as in Eqn. (13.7) when depth of bin 'h' is
greater than hmax, the bin becomes a deep bin (silo) plane of rupture intersects opposite wall at C in case
of a silo

:. CD = (h - b tan 0)
1
:. W = wbh - - wb.b tan 0
2

...(i)
L J

Similar to shallow bin from Eqn. (i)

w (sin 0 - p cos 0)
P, ='
(p + pl) sin 0 + (1 - ppl) cos 0
Substituting the value of w and. simplifying

L 1
P, =
(p + pl) tan 0 + (1 - ppl)

L \ / 1
or Ph=
(p + pl) tan 0 + (1 - ppl)
dPn
For maximum value of Ph -= 0 -WJ
d0

\ J-\
., L 1 -
(p + tan 0 + (1 - ppl) ( p + pl) sec2 0
On further simplification

Substituting the value of tan0 and simplifying

dP1,
The pressure Ph is given by -
dh

I
1
!
Note: b may be taken as length of side adjacent to the wall on which the pressure is to be determined for
a rectangular silo. The vertical taken by wall is Pw = p'~,,.The total vertical load is perimeter x Pw.
Structures
Values of CL and for same comon materials have been given in Table 13.1
Table 13.1
S.No. Materials P P'
1) Wheat 0.466 0.443
2) Maize 0.521 0.432
3) Cement 0.316 0.554
4) Bituminous coal 0.700 0.700

13.4 JANSSEN'S THEORY

-

Assumptions
1) Most of the weight of the material stored in the bin is supported by
friction between the material and the vertical wall.
2) Weight transferred to the hopper bottom is very less. (Hence Rankine or
.
Coulomb's lateral pressure theory cannot be applied.
3) The vertical wall of the bin is subjected to vertical force and horizontal
\
pressure.
Derivation
Let dH = thickness of the elementary layer considered
H = depth from the top
P, = vertical intensity of pressure acting at top of the layer

(P, + dP,) = verjical intensity of pressure acting on the bottom of the layer
Ph = horizontal pressure
f = stress due to friction
v = unit weight of stored material
A = CISarea of material stored
P = bin's interior perimeter
R = Alp = Hydraulic mean depth of the c/s

@'
= angle of friction on the walls of bin
@ = angle of internal friction of stored material consider the equilibrium
of the vertical forces acting as shown in Figure.
P,.A+y.A.dH=(P,+dP,).A+f.P . d h
or PV.A+~.A.~H=(PV+~PV).A+(~~+P~)P~~ ...(i)
 Bunkers and Silos

* J ~ = J :.~ logH =H + constant

Y-P kx - Cllk
R

when h = 0 P, = 0 C = log h
- -

R
or PI,= p~(1 + e- "9 where, zo = 1 Figure 13.4
vk
values of (1 - e - h / Z ~are
) given in Table 13.2.

Table 13.2: Values of (1 - e-h/q) as per IS:4995-1968 for Criteria for

Design of ~einforcedConcrete Bins (Silos)