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  • ECNaga - Chapter 9 Part 2

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    Eileen Naga
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    This document summarizes different aspects of cell death, specifically apoptosis. It describes the two main pathways that initiate apoptosis - the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway, and the extrinsic or death receptor pathway. It then discusses the caspase family of proteases, which are major effectors of apoptotic cell death. The document also covers apoptosis in diseases, laboratory assessment methods, aging and senescence, and some of the key molecules involved like the Bcl-2 family, p53, and pRb pathways.

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    This document summarizes different aspects of cell death, specifically apoptosis. It describes the two main pathways that initiate apoptosis - the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway, and the extrinsic or death receptor pathway. It then discusses the caspase family of proteases, which are major effectors of apoptotic cell death. The document also covers apoptosis in diseases, laboratory assessment methods, aging and senescence, and some of the key molecules involved like the Bcl-2 family, p53, and pRb pathways.

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    32 views16 pages

    ECNaga - Chapter 9 Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Eileen Naga
    This document summarizes different aspects of cell death, specifically apoptosis. It describes the two main pathways that initiate apoptosis - the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway, and the extrinsic or death receptor pathway. It then discusses the caspase family of proteases, which are major effectors of apoptotic cell death. The document also covers apoptosis in diseases, laboratory assessment methods, aging and senescence, and some of the key molecules involved like the Bcl-2 family, p53, and pRb pathways.

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    of 16

    Cell Death

    Prepared by: NAGA, EILEEN C.


    INITIATION OF APOPTOSIS

    ➢INTRINSIC or MITOCHONDRIAL PATHWAY

    ➢EXTRINSIC OR DEATH RECEPTOR PATHWAY


    ➢Inhibits Bcl-2 and Bcl- x
    ➢Bax and Bak proteins are produced
    ➢Damaged mitochondrial
    membrane
    ➢Cytochrome c leaks into the
    cytoplasm INTRINSIC or
    ➢Foarmation of Apoptosome
    ➢Binding of Apoptosome and MITOCHONDRIAL
    Apoptosis activating factor or PATHWAY
    Apaf-1
    ➢Caspase cascades.
    ➢Often involves T lymphocytes
    ➢Fas Ligand (FasL) on T lymphocyte
    binds to Fas receptors on target cell
    then binds to Fas Associated Death EXTRINSIC
    Domain (FADD)
    ➢Caspase cascades. PATHWAY
    CASPASE FAMILY OF
    PROTEASES
    ➢Caspases are a family of proteases that are
    major effectors of apoptotic cell death.
    ➢Caspase 1 is involved in cytokine
    maturation, caspases 4 and 5 are involved
    in inflammation, and caspase 14 important
    in skin development.
    ➢Initiator caspases include caspases 2, 8, 9
    and 10.
    ➢Effector caspases include caspases 3, 6,
    and 7.
    CASPASE FAMILY OF
    PROTEASES
    ➢Caspase cascade
    ➢The cascade can be activated by various
    stimuli: apoptosome and death receptors.
    Members of Bcl-2 Family

    ➢Bcl-2 and Bcl-x


    ➢Bak and Bax
    APOPTOSIS IN DISEASES

    ➢Cancer
    ➢Autoimmune conditions:
    Rheumatoid arthritis,
    systemic lupus, and type
    1 diabetes
    ➢Neurodegenerative
    illnesses: Schizophrenia
    and Alzheimer’s disease
    Laboratory Assessment of Apoptosis

    DNA FLOW
    LADDERING 01 04 CYTOMETRY
    DETECTION
    OF
    TUNEL APOPTOSIS
    METHOD 02 03 ANEXXIN 5
    Terminal uridine AFFINITY
    deoxynucleotidyl
    transferase nick
    ASSAY
    end labeling
    AGING AND
    SENESCENCE
    Prepared by: NAGA, EILEEN C.
    SENESCENCE
    Senescence is the
    process by which a
    mitotic cells SENESCENT
    irreversibly stop
    dividing and enter a Irreversible cell
    Your Text PHENOTYPE
    state of permanent cycle arrest
    growth arrest
    without undergoing
    cell death.
    Chromatin Modification
    modification to Histones
    Mechanisms involved in
    senescence induction

    1 2 3

    Mitochondria,
    DNA reactive Stem cell
    replication oxygen theory of
    stress species, and
    aging
    aging
    MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN SCENESCENCE RESPONSE

    The p53 Over expression of p53


    gives rise to senescence
    Pathway in human cells.
    Over expression of p53
    The pRb gives rise to senescence
    Pathway in human cells.
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