填空机经1300题生词伴侣

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GRE 填空机经伴侣
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使用说明
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本资料由真经 GRE 杨雅坤老师编写，是《GRE 填空机经 1300 题》配套使用材料。材
师
料将填空机经每个 section 中的生词挑选出来做专业讲解，并附有权威韦氏解释。本材
料适合刚开始刷填空机经的同学使用，可以在刷题之前先把生词过一遍，这样有利于
提升刷题效率，也能针对性进行单词记忆。
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请勿单独把此资料当成词汇书来使用，因为有一些词汇是重复的，一定要配合机经使
用，机经获取可关注微信公众号：张巍老师 GRE。
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目录
Section 1 .................................................................................................................................. 1
RE
Section 2 .................................................................................................................................. 4
Section 3 .................................................................................................................................. 6
Section 4 .................................................................................................................................. 8
G
Section 5 .................................................................................................................................. 9
Section 6 ................................................................................................................................ 10
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Section 7 ................................................................................................................................ 12
Section 8 ................................................................................................................................ 14
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Section 9 ................................................................................................................................ 16
Section 10.............................................................................................................................. 18
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Section 11.............................................................................................................................. 20
Section 12.............................................................................................................................. 22
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Section 13.............................................................................................................................. 24
Section 14.............................................................................................................................. 26
Section 15.............................................................................................................................. 28
：
Section 16.............................................................................................................................. 30
Section 17.............................................................................................................................. 32
号
Section 18.............................................................................................................................. 35
Section 19.............................................................................................................................. 37
众
Section 20.............................................................................................................................. 39
Section 21.............................................................................................................................. 41
公
Section 22.............................................................................................................................. 43
Section 23.............................................................................................................................. 45
Section 24.............................................................................................................................. 47
信
Section 25.............................................................................................................................. 49
Section 26.............................................................................................................................. 51
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Section 27.............................................................................................................................. 53
Section 28.............................................................................................................................. 55
Section 29.............................................................................................................................. 57
iii
Section 30.............................................................................................................................. 59
Section 31.............................................................................................................................. 61
Section 32.............................................................................................................................. 63
Section 33.............................................................................................................................. 65
Section 34.............................................................................................................................. 67
RE
Section 35.............................................................................................................................. 69
Section 36.............................................................................................................................. 71
Section 37.............................................................................................................................. 72
G
Section 38.............................................................................................................................. 75
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Section 39.............................................................................................................................. 77
Section 40.............................................................................................................................. 79
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Section 41.............................................................................................................................. 81
Section 42.............................................................................................................................. 83
Section 43.............................................................................................................................. 85
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Section 44.............................................................................................................................. 87
Section 45.............................................................................................................................. 89
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Section 46.............................................................................................................................. 92
Section 47.............................................................................................................................. 94
：
Section 48.............................................................................................................................. 96
Section 49.............................................................................................................................. 98
号
Section 50............................................................................................................................ 100

Section 51............................................................................................................................ 102
Section 52............................................................................................................................ 104
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Section 53............................................................................................................................ 106

Section 54............................................................................................................................ 108
公
Section 55............................................................................................................................ 110

Section 56............................................................................................................................ 112
信
Section 57............................................................................................................................ 114

Section 58............................................................................................................................ 116
微
Section 59............................................................................................................................ 118

Section 60............................................................................................................................ 120
Section 61............................................................................................................................ 122
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Section 62............................................................................................................................ 124

Section 63............................................................................................................................ 126
Section 64............................................................................................................................ 128
Section 65............................................................................................................................ 130
Section 66............................................................................................................................ 132
RE
Section 67............................................................................................................................ 134
Section 68............................................................................................................................ 136
Section 69............................................................................................................................ 138
G
Section 70............................................................................................................................ 141
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Section 71............................................................................................................................ 144
Section 72............................................................................................................................ 146
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Section 73............................................................................................................................ 148
Section 74............................................................................................................................ 150
Section 75............................................................................................................................ 152
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Section 76............................................................................................................................ 154
Section 77............................................................................................................................ 156
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Section 78............................................................................................................................ 158
Section 79............................................................................................................................ 160
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Section 80............................................................................................................................ 162

Section 81............................................................................................................................ 165
号
Section 82............................................................................................................................ 168

Section 83............................................................................................................................ 170
Section 84............................................................................................................................ 173
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Section 85............................................................................................................................ 176

Section 86............................................................................................................................ 179
公
Section 87............................................................................................................................ 182

Section 88............................................................................................................................ 184
信
Section 89............................................................................................................................ 187

Section 90............................................................................................................................ 190
微
Section 91............................................................................................................................ 192

Section 92............................................................................................................................ 195
Section 93............................................................................................................................ 197
v
Section 94............................................................................................................................ 200

Section 95............................................................................................................................ 202
Section 96............................................................................................................................ 204
Section 97............................................................................................................................ 206
Section 98............................................................................................................................ 208
RE
Section 99............................................................................................................................ 210
Section 100 ......................................................................................................................... 212
Section 101 ......................................................................................................................... 214
G
Section 102 ......................................................................................................................... 216
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Section 103 ......................................................................................................................... 218
Section 104 ......................................................................................................................... 220
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Section 105 ......................................................................................................................... 222
Section 106 ......................................................................................................................... 225
Section 107 ......................................................................................................................... 227
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Section 108 ......................................................................................................................... 230
Section 109 ......................................................................................................................... 232
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Section 110 ......................................................................................................................... 234
Section 111 ......................................................................................................................... 236
：
Section 112 ......................................................................................................................... 238

Section 113 ......................................................................................................................... 241
号
Section 114 ......................................................................................................................... 243

Section 115 ......................................................................................................................... 245
Section 116 ......................................................................................................................... 247
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Section 117 ......................................................................................................................... 250

Section 118 ......................................................................................................................... 252
公
Section 119 ......................................................................................................................... 254

Section 120 ......................................................................................................................... 257
信
Section 121 ......................................................................................................................... 259

Section 122 ......................................................................................................................... 261
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Section 123 ......................................................................................................................... 263

Section 124 ......................................................................................................................... 265
Section 125 ......................................................................................................................... 267
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Section 126 ......................................................................................................................... 269

Section 127 ......................................................................................................................... 271
Section 128 ......................................................................................................................... 273
Section 129 ......................................................................................................................... 275
Section 130 ......................................................................................................................... 277
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Section 1
序号单词英文解释中文解释
1 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is made up of 悖论
two opposite things and that seems impossible but is
actually true or possible
RE
2 cosmopolitan a. having worldwide rather than limited or provincial 见多识广
scope or bearing 的
a. composed of persons, constituents, or elements 来自各地
from all or many parts of the world 的
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a. found in most parts of the world and under varied 世界各地
ecological conditions 都有的
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3 capricious a. changing often and quickly 变化多的
4 controversial a. relating to or causing much discussion, 惹争议的
disagreement, or argument: likely to produce
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controversy
5 insular a. separated from other people or cultures 孤立的
6 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one way 有歧义的
7 superficial
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a. concerned only with what is obvious or apparent:
not thorough or complete
a. affecting only the outer part or surface of
something: not deep or serious
粗略的
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a. lying close to the surface 表层的
8 mercenary a. caring only about making money 唯利是图
的
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9 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察

或经验的
10 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a plant 产出
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or crop)
v. to surrender or submit (oneself) to another 投降
11 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 坚持的，
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不妥协的
12 haunt v. to visit or inhabit as a ghost 闹鬼
13 clamorous a. noisily insistent 吵闹的
公
14 indifferent a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or 冷漠的

concern for something: apathetic
a. marked by impartiality: unbiased 公平的
15 invidious a. unpleasant and likely to cause bad feelings in 引起反感
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other people 的
16 prescient a. be able to know what will or might happen in the 预见性的
future
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17 numinous a. having a mysterious, holy, or spiritual quality 超自然的

18 sonorous a. having a sound that is deep, loud, and pleasant
19 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes a (引起混乱
lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 的)剧变
20 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough of 缺乏
something
1
21 gainsay v. to deny or disagree with (something) 否认

22 sterling a. excellent 优秀的
23 ad hoc a. made or done without planning because of an 临时安排
immediate need 的
24 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自然的
and without a lot of thought or planning
a. doing things that have not been planned but that 自发的
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seem enjoyable and worth doing at a particular time
25 exhaustive a. including all possibilities: very thorough 详尽彻底
的
26 neutralize v. to stop (someone or something) from being 使无效
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effective or harmful
27 auction n. a public sale at which things are sold to the people 拍卖
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who offer to pay the most
28 fickle a. changing often 多变的
29 antiquarian a. relating to the collection and study of valuable old 古文物研
things (such as old books) 究的
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30 wide-ranging including many different ideas, actions, or things 范围或内
容广泛的
31 be keen to NA 热衷于
32
33
succumb
recoil
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v. to stop trying to resist something
v. & n. to quickly move away from something that is
屈服于
畏缩
shocking, frightening, or disgusting: to react to
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something with shock or fear
34 shrink v. to become smaller in amount, size, or value 缩小
v. to quickly move away from something shocking, 畏缩
：
frightening, or disgusting
35 deviate v. to do something that is different or to be different 脱离，偏
from what is usual or expected 离
号
36 overreact v. to react to something too strongly 反应过激

37 singular a. strange or odd 奇特的
38 unique a. belonging to or connected with only one thing, 唯一的
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place, or person
39 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to ancient 过时的，
times 旧的
40 fake a. not true or real 假的
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41 counterfeit a. made to look like an exact copy of something in 仿造的，

order to trick people 假冒的
42 epilogue n. a final section or speech after the main part of a 电影书籍
信
book, play, or musical composition 等的尾声

43 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or greater than it 夸张，夸
really is 大
微
44 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen in 悲观

the future
45 misinterpretat n. failure to understand or interpret something 误解
ion correctly
46 imprecision n. not clear or exact 不精确
2
47 vague a. not clear in meaning 模糊的

48 exaggerate v. to think of or describe something as larger or 夸张
greater than it really is
49 hyperbole n. language that describes something as better or 夸张
worse than it really is
50 stern a. very serious especially in an unfriendly way 严厉的
51 prophetic a. correctly stating what will happen in the future 预言的
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52 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest 冷淡的;无
兴趣的
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Section 2
1 impenetrable a. impossible to understand 无法理解的
2 immutable a. unable to be changed 不变的
3 proprietary a. kept private by an owner 以所有者自
居的
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4 didactic a. designed or intended to teach people something 说教的
5 self- a. continuing without any outside influence 自我持续的
perpetuating
6 lopsided a. uneven or unequal 不公平
G
7 feeble a. very weak 虚弱的
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8 robust a. strong and healthy 结实的
9 swift a. happening or done quickly or immediately 迅速的
10 turbulent a. full of confusion, violence, or disorder 骚乱的
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11 lavish a. giving or using a large amount of something 挥霍的
12 routine a. done very often 普通的
13 vacant a. not filled, used, or lived in 空的
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unimpeded
overlook
oversight
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a. not slowed, blocked, or interfered with
v. to fail to see or notice (something)
n. a mistake made because someone forgets or fails
未受妨碍的
忽视
疏忽
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to notice something
17 augment v. to increase the size or amount of (something) 增加
18 ameliorate v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, 改善
：
less painful, etc.

19 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of what you 讽刺的
really think especially in order to be funny
20 literal a. involving the ordinary or usual meaning of a word 字面意义的
号
21 honorific a. giving or expressing honor or respect 尊敬的

22 malign a. causing or intended to cause harm 有害的
23 brook v. to allow (something) to exist or happen 忍受
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24 disclose v. to make (something) known to the public 公开

25 repudiate v. to refuse to accept or support (something) 拒绝接受
26 regurgitate v. to bring food that has been swallowed back to and 反刍
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out of the mouth

27 beneficence n. : the quality or state of doing or producing good 善行
28 altruism n. feelings and behavior that show a desire to help 利他主义
信
other people and a lack of selfishness

29 intelligence n. the ability to learn or understand things or to deal 聪颖
with new or difficult situations
30 fecundity n. producing or able to produce many babies, young 多产，肥沃
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animals, or plants
31 fertility n. the ability to support the growth of many plants 肥沃
32 sanguinity a. confident and hopeful 乐观
33 verisimilitude n. the quality of seeming real 真实性
34 cordiality n. sincere affection and kindness 友好
4
35 irascibility n. the quality of becoming angry very easily 易怒

36 conviviality n. the quality of or relating to social events where 友好
people can eat, drink, and talk in a friendly way with
others
37 diffidence n. the quality or state of being unassertive or bashful 羞怯
38 exasperation n. exasperation 恼怒
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Section 3
1 stunning a. very surprising or shocking 令人震惊的
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3 contemptuous a. feeling or showing deep hatred or disapproval 蔑视的
4 decry v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard 谴责
(something) as bad, wrong, etc.
5 condone v. to forgive or approve (something that is 宽恕
G
considered wrong)
6 remedy n. a way of solving or correcting a problem 解决方法
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7 boast v. to express too much pride in a person's own 吹嘘，夸耀
qualities, possessions, or achievements
8 downplay v. to make (something) seem smaller or less 轻描淡写
important
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9 deduce v. to use logic or reason to form (a conclusion or 推断
opinion about something)
10 subtle a. hard to notice or see 不明显的
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12
paradox
objectivity
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n. something (such as a situation) that is made up
of two opposite things and that seems impossible
but is actually true or possible
v. based on facts rather than feelings or opinions
悖论
客观公正
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13 loath a. not wanting or willing to do something 不愿意
14 emulate v. to try to be like (someone or something you 模仿
admire)
：
15 discredit v. to cause (someone or something) to seem 使被怀疑

dishonest or untrue
16 praise v. to say or write good things about (someone or 赞扬
something)
号
17 censure v. official strong criticism 批评

18 ambivalence n. simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or 矛盾
feelings (such as attraction and repulsion) toward
众
an object, person, or action

19 compliment n. a remark that says something good about 恭维
someone or something
20 demanding a. hard to satisfy 苛刻的
公
21 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something that 代替

is old or no longer used or accepted)
22 sift v. to separate or remove (something) by using a 筛选
信
sifter or sieve
23 neophyte n. a person who has just started learning or doing 新手
something
24 novice n. a person who has just started learning or doing 新手
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something
25 intricate a. having many complexly interrelating parts or 复杂的
elements
26 convoluted a. very complicated and difficult to understand 复杂的
27 culinary a. used in or relating to cooking 食物的
6
28 unprecedent a. not done or experienced before 前所未有的

29 unwarranted a. lacking adequate or official support 没有根据的
30 groundless a. not based on facts 无根据的
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Section 4
1 motley a. made up of many different people or things 混杂的
2 opportunistic a. taking advantage of opportunities as they arise 机会主义的
3 anomalous a. not expected or usual 反常的
4 haphazard a. having no plan, order, or direction 杂乱的
RE
5 collective a. shared or done by a group of people 集体的
6 monolithic a. consisting of or constituting a single unit 单一的
7 mar v. to hurt or damage the good condition of 损坏
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(something)
8 compassionate a. feeling or showing concern for someone who is 有同情心的
sick, hurt, poor, etc.
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9 nepotistic n. the unfair practice by a powerful person of giving 任人唯亲
jobs and other favors to relatives
10 decisive a. able to make choices quickly and confidently 果断的
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11 grandstanding n. the fact of behaving or speaking in a way that is 哗众取宠
intended to make people impressed in order to
gain some advantage for yourself
12 partisanship n. the support for a person or group without fair 偏袒
13
14
vacillate
toddler
巍
consideration of the facts and circumstances.
v. to repeatedly change your opinions or desires
n. a young child who is just learning to walk
犹豫不决
学步的孩童
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15 contagious a. capable of being easily spread to others 有感染力的
16 irk v. to bother or annoy (someone) 激怒
17 asset n. advantage 优点
：
18 flippancy n. unbecoming levity or pertness especially in 轻率无礼

respect to grave or sacred matters
19 aimless a. lacking a goal or purpose 无目标的
20 tendentious a. strongly favoring a particular point of view in a 有偏见的
号
way that may cause argument

21 discursion n. a turning away from the main subject 漫谈离题
22 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one way 含糊的
众
23 stigma n. a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a 耻辱

society or group of people have about something
24 blemish n. a mark that makes something imperfect or less 瑕疵
公
beautiful
25 inveterate a. always or often doing something specified 根深蒂固的
26 hodgepodge n. a mixture of different things 大杂烩
信
27 patchwork n. something that is made up of different things 大杂烩

28 fractious a. full of anger and disagreement 易怒的
29 heterogeneous a. made up of parts that are different 不同的
微
30 disparate a. different from each other 不同的

31 mediocre a. not very good 普通一般的
8
Section 5
1 controversial a. relating to or causing much discussion, 引起争议的
disagreement, or argument
2 enigmatic a. full of mystery and difficult to understand 谜一般的
3 disingenuous a. not truly honest or sincere 不真诚的
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4 benign a. not causing harm or damage 仁慈的
5 embody v. to represent (something) in a clear and obvious 体现
way : to be a symbol or example of (something)
6 nothing if not NA 及其，非常
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7 chivalrous a. behaving in an honorable or polite way 骑士风度的
especially toward women
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8 impetuous a. acting or done quickly and without thought 轻率的
9 boorish a. resembling or befitting a rude or insensitive 粗野无礼的
person
10 circumspect a. thinking carefully about possible risks before 谨慎的
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doing or saying something
11 humbling a. not proud 谦卑的
12 surrender v. to agree to stop fighting, hiding, resisting, etc., 屈服
13
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imitate
glean
巍
because you know that you will not win or succeed
v. to do the same thing as (someone)
v. to gather or collect (something) in a gradual way
模仿
收集
张
15 exotic a. very different, strange, or unusual 外来的
16 obligatory a. required by a law or rule 强制的
17 jettison v. to reject (something, such as a plan or idea) 抛弃
：
18 contrive v. to manage to bring about or do 设法做到

19 calamitous a. causing great harm or suffering 灾难的
20 adversarial a. involving two people or two sides who oppose 对立的
each other
号
21 mercenary a. caring only about making money 唯利是图的

22 antagonistic a. showing dislike or opposition 敌对的
23 progressive a. using or interested in new or modern ideas 进步的
众
especially in politics and education

24 reactionary a. prevent changes in the political or social system 保守的
of their country
公
25 dichotomous a. divided or dividing into two sharply distinguished 有分歧的

parts or classifications
26 contradictory a. involving or having information that disagrees 矛盾的
with other information
信
27 subvert v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a government, 颠覆，破坏

political system, etc.
28 efficacious a. having the power to produce a desired result or 有效的
微
effect
29 trifling a. having little value or importance 不重要的
30 deleterious a. damaging or harmful 有害的
31 hazardous a. involving risk or danger 有危险的
32 precarious a. not safe, strong, or steady 危险的
33 inbreed v. to breed with closely related individuals 近亲繁殖
9
Section 6
1 discriminatory a. not fair: unfairly treating a person or group of 不公平的
people differently from other people or groups of
people
2 incommensurable a. so completely different from each other that 不能相比的
RE
they cannot be compared
3 anachronistic a. something (such as a word, an object, or an 时代错误的
event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where
it does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to 过去的
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the past and not to fit in the present
4 innocuous a. producing no injury: harmless 无害的
师
a. not likely to give offense or to arouse strong 平淡乏味的
feelings or hostility: inoffensive, insipid
5 acrimony n. anger and bitterness: harsh or biting 尖刻犀利
老
sharpness especially of words, manner, or
feelings
6 dissension n. disagreement that causes the people in a 意见分歧
group to argue about something that is important
7
8
comity
conformity
to them 巍
n. friendly social atmosphere
n. the fact or state of agreeing with or obeying
友好，和谐
遵从，一致
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something
9 mordancy n. a sharply critical or bitter quality of thought or 尖酸刻薄
feeling: harshness
10 extrapolate v. to form an opinion or to make an estimate （根据已知
：
about something from known facts 信息）推测

11 virtue n. a good and moral quality （好）品德
12 peculiarity n. something that is unusual or peculiar in a 怪癖
号
person or thing
13 dispense v. to give or provide (something) 分配，分发
14 corruption n. dishonest or illegal behavior especially by 贪污
众
powerful people (such as government officials or

police officers)
15 flip v. to cause (something) to turn or turn over 翻转
quickly
公
16 infinite a. having no limits 无限的

17 atypical a. not typical: not usual or normal 非典型的
18 insurmountable a. impossible to solve or get control of: (问题、困
信
impossible to overcome 难)无法战

胜
19 improvise to speak or perform without preparation 即兴表演
微
20 steadfast a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or 坚定不移的

cause: not changing
21 expel v. to officially force (someone) to leave a place or 驱逐
organization
22 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you support or 支持
approve of (someone or something)
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23 oust v. to cause or force (someone or something) to 逐出

leave a position of power, a competition, etc.
24 sanction v. to officially accept or allow (something) 支持
n. an action that is taken or an order that is given 制裁
to force a country to obey international laws by
limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not
allowing economic aid for that country, etc.
RE
n. official permission or approval 支持
25 condemn v. to say in a strong and definite way that 谴责
someone or something is bad or wrong
26 coagulation n. the process of becoming viscous or thickened 凝结
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into a coherent mass
27 nullify v. to cause (something) to lose its value or to 使无效
have no effect
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28 obviate v. to make (something) no longer necessary: to 避免
prevent or avoid (something)
29 mitigate v. to make (something) less severe, harmful, or 减少，减轻
painful
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30 belie v. to give a false impression of 掩盖
v. to show (something) to be false or wrong 证明……错
误
31 mask
巍
v. to run counter to: contradict
v. to hide (something) from sight
与……矛盾
掩饰
32 accentuate v. to make (something) more prominent or 强调
张
noticeable: accent, emphasize
33 rebellious a. refusing to obey rules or authority or to accept 难控制的
normal standards of behavior, dress, etc.
：
34 quirky a. unusual especially in an interesting way 奇怪的

35 flamboyant a. having a very noticeable quality that attracts a 引人注意的
lot of attention
36 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利多的
号
37 undue a. more than is reasonable or necessary 过度的

众
公
信
微
11
Section 7
1 felicitous a. very well suited for some purpose or situation 恰当的
2 prolific a. producing a large amount of something 多产的
3 abbreviate v. to make briefer 缩短
4 conventional a. used and accepted by most people: usual or 传统的
RE
traditional
5 eclipse v. to do or be much better than (someone or （做的更好
something) 而）超过
n. a loss of power, success, popularity, etc. （重要性、
G
权势等的）
丧失
师
6 bolster v. to give support to (something) 支持
7 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, theory, 证实
etc.) by providing information or evidence
老
8 outstrip v. to be or become better, greater, or larger than 超过，优于
(someone or something)
9 marvel n. someone or something that is extremely good, 奇迹
skillful, etc.
10
11
meticulous
erudite
巍
a. very careful about doing something in an
extremely accurate and exact way
a. having or showing knowledge that is learned
谨小慎微的
博学的
张
by studying
12 edify v. to teach (someone) in a way that improves the 启发
mind or character
13 nothing if not NA 非常，及其
：
14 precipitate a. happening very quickly or too quickly without 轻率的

enough thought or planning
v. to cause (something) to happen quickly or 使(不好的
号
suddenly 事情)突然
发生
15 tactful a. careful not to offend or upset other people: 考虑周全的
众
having or showing tact

16 judicious a. having or showing good judgment 明智的
17 acrimonious a. angry and bitter 尖酸刻薄的
公
18 fungible a. capable of mutual substitution 可替代的

19 connoisseur n. a person who knows a lot about something 鉴赏家
(such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a
particular subject
信
20 unfounded a. not based on facts or proof 莫须有的

21 premature a. happening too soon or earlier than usual 过早的
微

controversy
23 dampen v. to make (something) less strong or active 减弱，抑制
(热情、激
动等)
12
24 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical 扩大（声

instrument) louder by increasing the strength of 音）
electric signals
25 cliché n. a phrase or expression that has been used so 陈词滥调
often that it is no longer original or interesting
26 baseless a. not true and is not based on facts 毫无根据的
27 untenable a. not capable of being defended against attack （论点、理
RE
or criticism: not tenable 论或立场）
经不起反驳
的
28 insulting a. rude or offensive 无礼的
G
29 condescending a. showing that you believe you are more 高人一等的
intelligent or better than other people
师
30 idealistic a. having a strong belief in perfect standards and 理想的
trying to achieve them, even when this is not
realistic
31 obscure a. not well-known : not known to most people 不出名的
老
a. difficult to understand: likely to be understood 深奥难懂的
by only a few people
a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
巍
v. to hide or cover (something) : to be in front of
(something) so that it cannot be seen
掩盖，使模
糊
繁重的
张
32 onerous a. difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with
33 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; 不透明的；
difficult to understand or explain 难懂的
34 exacting a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的, 要
：
someone : very difficult or demanding 求严格的

号
众
公
信
微
13
Section 8
1 pessimistic a. having or showing a lack of hope for the 悲观的
future: expecting bad things to happen
2 prescient a. the ability to know what will or might happen in 有预知能力
the future 的
RE
4 magisterial a. showing impressive knowledge about a 权威的
subject
G
5 sanguine a. confident and hopeful 乐观的
6 draconian a. very severe or cruel (法律、措
施等)严厉
师
的，残酷的
7 rapacious always wanting more money, possessions, etc.: 贪婪的
wanting more than is needed or deserved
老
8 underappreciated a. not appreciated or valued enough 未受到充分
赏识（或欣
赏）的
9
10
self-serving
virtually
巍
a. having or showing concern only about your
own needs and interests
adv. very nearly: almost entirely
自私自利的
几乎
张
11 versatile a. able to do many different things; having many 多才多艺的;
different uses 多功能的
12 upkeep n. the process of keeping something in good 维护
：
condition: the care or maintenance of buildings,

equipment, etc.
13 debunk v. to show that something (such as a belief or 揭穿真相
theory) is not true: to show the falseness of (a
号
story, idea, statement, etc.)

14 osteoporosis n. medical: a condition in which the bones [医]骨质疏
become weak and break easily 松症
众
15 diabetes n. medical: a serious disease in which the body [医]糖尿病

cannot properly control the amount of sugar in
your blood because it does not have enough
insulin
公
16 malady n. a disease or illness 疾病

17 assuage v. to make (something, such as an unpleasant 缓和，减轻
feeling) less painful, severe, etc.
信
18 plague n. a disease that causes death and that spreads 瘟疫，灾害

quickly to a large number of people
19 proclaim v. to say or state (something) in a public, official, 宣告
or definite way: to declare or announce
微
(something)
20 profess v. to say or declare (something) openly 宣称
21 betray v. to give information about (a person, group, 背叛
country, etc.) to an enemy
14
v. to show (something, such as a feeling or （无意中）

desire) without wanting or trying to 流露情感
22 disown v. to say or decide that you will no longer be 断绝与…的
connected with, associated with, or responsible 关系
for (someone or something)
23 antediluvian a. very old or old-fashioned 陈旧的，过
时的
RE
24 archaic a. old and no longer used 过时的
25 flighty a. not steady or serious 反复无常的
26 chauvinistic n. the belief that your country, race, etc., is better 盲目的爱国
than any other 心的
G
27 capricious a. changing often and quickly, especially often 反复无常的
changing suddenly in mood or behavior
师
28 patronizing a. showing or characterized by a superior 傲慢的
attitude towards others
29 envisage v. to picture (something) in your mind 展望
老
30 peer n. a person who belongs to the same age group 同辈
or social group as someone else
32 disregard 巍
v. /n. to ignore (something) or treat (something)
as unimportant
忽视，轻视
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
15
Section 9
1 loquacious a. liking to talk and talking smoothly and easily 话多的
2 irascible a. becoming angry very easily: having a bad 易怒的
temper
3 perfidious a. not able to be trusted: showing that someone 背信弃义的
RE
cannot be trusted
5 voracious a. having or showing a tendency to eat very 贪婪的，贪
large amounts of food 吃的
G
6 haphazard a. having no plan, order, or direction 混乱的
7 burlesque n. a play, story, novel, etc., that makes a serious 滑稽讽刺表
师
subject seem funny or ridiculous 演（或作
品）
8 satire n. a way of using humor to show that someone 讽刺作品
老
or something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.: humor
that shows the weaknesses or bad qualities of a
person, government, society, etc.
9 pastiche n. a mixture of different things 大杂烩
10
11
chronicle
parody
happened
巍
n. a description of events in the order that they
n. a piece of writing, music, etc., that imitates the

编年史
拙劣的模仿
张
style of someone or something else in an
amusing way
12 scholarship n. serious formal study or research of a subject 学术研究
13 esoteric a. only taught to or understood by members of a 深奥难懂的
：
special group: hard to understand

14 derivative a. not new or original 非原创的
号
way that may cause argument: expressing a

strong opinion
16 pioneering a. introducing ideas and methods that have 先驱的
never been used before
众
17 novel a. new and different from what has been known 创新的
before
18 apropos a. being both relevant and opportune 恰当的
公
19 churlish a. not polite 粗鲁的

20 cagey a. not willing to say everything that you know 守口如瓶的
about something
信
21 tabloid n. a newspaper that has pages about half the 通俗小报

size of an ordinary newspaper and that typically
contains many photographs and stories about
famous people and other less serious news
微
items
admire)
23 plagiarism n. the act of using another person's words or 剽窃
ideas without giving credit to that person: the act
of plagiarizing something
16
24 conjecture n. an opinion or idea formed without proof or 推测

sufficient evidence
25 pretense n. a false reason or explanation that is used to 借口
hide the real purpose of something
26 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or argue 好挑衅的
27 deliberate a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重
intended: done or said on purpose; done or 的
RE
decided after careful thought
28 punctilious a. very careful about behaving properly and 谨小慎微的
doing things in a correct and accurate way
29 courteous a. very polite in a way that shows respect 有礼貌的
G
30 complacent a. satisfied with how things are and not wanting 自满的
to change them
31 truculent a. easily annoyed or angered and likely to argue 好斗的
师
32 arduous a. very difficult 艰巨的
34 clandestine a. done in a private place or way: done secretly 秘密的
老
35 perilous a. full of danger 危险的
36 covert a. made, shown, or done in a way that is not 秘密的
easily seen or noticed: secret or hidden
37
38
exhilarate
stave off
excited
NA
巍
v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and 使高兴
避开
39 forestall v. to stop (something) from happening or to 预先阻止
张
cause (something) to happen at a later time
40 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡
spiritual things 的
：
41 momentary a. lasting a very short time: lasting only a 短暂的

moment
42 illusory a. based on something that is not true or real: 虚幻的
号
based on an illusion
43 evanescent a. lasting a very short time 短暂的
44 metaphoric a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻的
refer to another thing in order to show or suggest
众
that they are similar

45 prosaic a. dull or ordinary 乏味的
公
信
微
17
Section 10
4 proprietary a. kept private by an owner 以所有者自
RE
居的
5 didactic a. designed or intended to teach people 说教的
something
6 self-perpetuating a. continuing without any outside influence 自我持续的
G
师
8 arcane a. known or knowable only to a few people 晦涩难解的
9 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
老
with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of 掩盖，使模
10 quixotic
巍
a. hopeful or romantic in a way that is not
practical
糊
不切实际的
张
11 skullduggery n. secret or dishonest behavior or activity 欺骗
12 indolence n. the quality of being lazy 懒散
13 incivility n. a rude or impolite act 粗鲁
：
14 flow from NA 起因于…

15 lethargy n. a lack of energy or a lack of interest in doing 昏睡;没精打
things: a lethargic feeling or state 采
号
16 hybrid a. of mixed origin 混合的

17 conciliatory a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to reduce 安抚的
hostility
众
18 zealous a. feeling or showing strong and energetic 热情的

support for a person, cause, etc.: filled with zeal
19 beguile v. to trick or deceive (someone) 诱骗（做某
事）
公
20 buoy v. support, uplift 支持

21 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who 坚忍克己
accepts what happens without complaining or
信
showing emotion
22 insouciance n. a relaxed and calm state: a feeling of not 无忧无虑；
worrying about anything 漫不经心
微
23 alacrity n. a quick and cheerful readiness to do 敏捷

something
24 quadrant n. an instrument for measuring angles, especially 四分仪
to check your position at sea or to look at stars
18

误
v. to run counter to: contradict 与……矛盾
have no effect
27 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is made 悖论
up of two opposite things and that seems
RE
impossible but is actually true or possible
28 pedestrian a. not interesting or unusual 乏味的，无
聊的
29 knotty a. difficult or complicated 复杂的
G
师
31 disheartening a. disappointed and less confident or less 使人沮丧的
hopeful
32 vapid a. dull or boring 乏味的
老
33 inaccessible a. difficult or impossible to reach, approach, or 无法理解的
understand
34 sagacious a. having or showing an ability to understand 洞察事理的
difficult ideas and situations and to make good
35 banal
decisions 巍
a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐
的
张
37 distressing a. making you feel extremely upset, especially 令人苦恼的
：
because of sb's suffering

38 confine v. to keep (someone or something) within limits 限制
39 extraneous a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
important 的;
号
众
公
信
微
19
Section 11
1 desertion n. withdrawing support or help despite allegiance 离弃
or responsibility
2 quixotic a. hopeful or romantic in a way that is not 不切实际的
practical
RE
3 apt a. appropriate or suitable 恰当的
something)
5 criticism n. the act of expressing disapproval and of 批判
G
noting the problems or faults of a person or thing
6 compliment n. a remark that says something good about 恭维，称赞
师
7 exposition n. a public show or exhibition 展览
8 elucidation n. an interpretation to make (something that is 阐明
hard to understand) clear or easy to understand
老
9 animadversion n. harsh criticism or disapproval 谴责
10 culmination n. the end or final result of something 顶点;终点
11 divination n. the practice of using signs (such as an 预言；占卜
arrangement of tea leaves or cards) or special
12 counterpart
巍
powers to predict the future
n. someone or something that has the same job
or purpose as another
对应的人或
物
张
13 interference n. something that gets in the way as an obstacle 妨碍
14 encumber v. to cause problems or difficulties for (someone 妨碍
or something)
：
15 replete a. having much or plenty of something: filled with 充满的

something
16 hinder v. to make (something, such as a task or action) 妨碍
slow or difficult
号
17 perplexing a. lacking clarity of meaning 使人困惑的

18 absorbing a. fully taking one's attention 有吸引力的
19 complement v. to complete something else or make it better 补充
众

公

with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something) : to be in front of 掩盖，使模
(something) so that it cannot be seen 糊
信
21 assume V.to think that something is true or probably true 假定

without knowing that it is true
V.to begin (a role, duty, etc.) as a job or 承担
微
responsibility
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to 落伍的
20
23 stem from NA 源于
24 confrontation n. a situation in which people, groups, etc., fight, 面对
oppose, or challenge each other in an angry way
25 democracy n. a form of government in which people choose 民主主义
leaders by voting
26 alienation n. a withdrawing or separation of a person or a 疏远
person's affections from an object or position of
RE
former attachment
27 patriotism n. love that people feel for their country 爱国主义
28 profession n. a type of job that requires special education, 职业
training, or skill
G
29 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a 产出
plant or crop)
师
30 engender v. to be the source or cause of (something) 产生
31 polemical a. arguing very strongly for or against a belief or 挑起辩论的
opinion.
老
33 enterprising a. having or showing the ability or desire to do 有创新精神
new and difficult things 的;有胆识的
34
35
rapacious
avaricious
巍
always wanting more money, possessions, etc.:
wanting more than is needed or deserved
a. greedy for riches
贪婪的
贪婪的
36 limpid a. perfectly clear 清澈的
张
37 acute a. having or showing an ability to think clearly 敏锐的
and to understand what is not obvious or simple
about something
：
38 pellucid a. very clear 清澈的

39 tranquil a. quiet and peaceful 宁静的
40 rudimentary a. basic or simple 基本的
号
a. not very developed or advanced 发育不完全

的
41 heterogeneous a. made up of parts that are different 各种各样的
众
42 dissimilar a. not the same: different or unalike 不同的

公
信
微
21
Section 12
1 hominid a. a human, or a creature that lived in the past 人科的
which humans developed from
2 extraneous a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
important 的;
RE
3 conjectural a. of the nature of or involving or based on 推测的
conjecture
4 consistent a. continuing to happen or develop in the same 一致的;连续
way 的
G
5 perfunctory a. used to describe something that is done 敷衍的
without energy or enthusiasm because of habit
or because it is expected
师
6 overt a. easily seen: not secret or hidden 明显的
7 exacting a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的, 要
someone: very difficult or demanding 求严格的
老
8 irrationality n. the state of being irrational 不合理
9 futility n. the quality or state of being ineffective 无效
10 repository n. a place where a large amount of something is 仓库
11
12
garrulous
mercurial
stored 巍
a. tending to talk a lot: very talkative
a. changing often: very changeable
话多的
（人）反复
张
无常的
13 inconstancy n. the quality or state of being inconstant 反复无常
14 partiality n. an unfair tendency to treat one person, group, 偏袒
：
or thing better than another

15 document v. to create a record of (something) through 记录
writing, film, photography, etc.
号
dishonest or untrue
17 authenticity n. the quality of being true and accurate 真实性
18 aesthetics n. of or relating to art or beauty 美学
众
19 intoxicate v. to make wildly excited or enthusiastic 使陶醉

20 neutralize v. to stop (someone or something) from being 使中立化
effective or harmful
公
21 conceal v. to hide (something or someone) from sight 隐瞒

22 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way （信心、权
信
威等）
23 impair v. to diminish in function, ability, or quality 损害，削弱
24 outstrip v. to be or become better, greater, or larger than 超过
微
25 abound v. to be plentiful 非常多
26 proliferate v. to increase in number or amount quickly 激增
27 stagnate v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: 停滞
to be or become stagnant
28 coalesce v. to come together to form one group or mass 合并
22
29 chaos n. complete confusion and disorder 混乱

30 serenity n. the quality or state of being calm and peaceful 宁静
31 fragility n. easily broken or damaged: very delicate : not 脆弱性
strong
32 decadence n. behavior that shows low morals and a great 衰落
love of pleasure, money, fame, etc.
33 degeneracy n. the state of being degenerate 堕落，退化
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
23
Section 13
1 authoritarian n. expecting or requiring people to obey rules or 独裁主义的
laws: not allowing personal freedom
2 histrionic a. too emotional or dramatic 不自然的
3 megalomaniacal a. a condition or mental illness that causes 狂妄自大的
RE
people to think that they have great or unlimited
power or importance
4 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all 平等主义的
people
G
5 indolent a. not liking to work or be active 懒惰的
6 charismatic a. having, exhibiting, or based on charisma or 有魅力的
charism
师
7 imperturbable a. very calm: very hard to disturb or upset 沉着的
8 disposition n. the usual attitude or mood of a person or 性情
animal
老
9 volatile a. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme 易变的
way
10 duplicitous a. deceptive in words or action 两面派的
11 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or 冷淡的;无兴
12 cunning
interest 巍
a. getting what is wanted in a clever and often
趣的
狡猾的
deceptive way
张
13 blithe a. happy and without worry 无忧无虑的
14 disperse v. to go or move in different directions: to spread （使）分散
apart
：

威等）
号
16 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 不妥协的

17 feckless a. having or resulting from a weak character or 没有价值的
nature
18 munificent a. very generous （指送礼
众
者）慷慨的
19 uncompromising a. not willing to change a decision, opinion, 不妥协的
method, etc.: not willing to make or accept a
公
compromise
20 taciturn a. tending to be quiet: not speaking frequently 沉默寡言的
21 stump v. perplex 把…难住
信
22 prototype n. an original or first model of something from 原型

which other forms are copied or developed
23 riddle n. a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question 谜
posed as a problem to be solved or guessed
微
24 paragon n. a person or thing that is perfect or excellent in 模范

some way and should be considered a model or
example to be copied
25 model n. a person who sets a good example 模型
26 conundrum n. a confusing or difficult problem 难解的问题
24
27 tangible a. able to be touched or felt 可触摸的

28 palpable a. capable of being touched or felt 摸得着的
29 nebulous a. not clear: difficult to see, understand, 模糊的
describe, etc.
30 nettlesome a. causing vexation 恼人的
32 artifact n. a usually simple object (such as a tool or 手工艺品
RE
ornament) showing human workmanship or
modification as distinguished from a natural
object
33 anomaly n. something that is unusual or unexpected 异常现象
G
34 mainstay n. a very important part of something 支柱
35 aberration n. an instance of being different from what is 脱离常规
师
normal or usual
36 blur v. to become unclear or difficult to see or （使）变模
remember 糊
有深刻见解
老
37 insightful a. having or showing a very clear understanding
of something 的
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
25
Section 14
1 linger v. to stay somewhere beyond the usual or 徘徊
expected time
2 boisterous a. very noisy and active in a lively way 喧闹的
3 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of 自命不凡
RE
people who want to be regarded as more 的，自负的
impressive, successful, or important than they
really are
4 idiosyncrasy n. an unusual way in which a particular person （某人特有
G
behaves or thinks 的）气质
5 homogeneity n. the quality or state of being of a similar kind or 同质
of having a uniform structure or composition
师
throughout
聊的
老
8 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your 引人入胜的
attention
9
10
univocal
slacken
巍
a. having one meaning only
v. to become slower or less active: to slow down
意义明确的
（使）放慢
11 surge v. to suddenly increase to an unusually high level 涌动
张
12 commence v. to begin 开始
13 spur v. to encourage (someone) to do or achieve 激励
something
：
14 panacea n. a remedy for all ills or difficulties 万能之计

15 enigmatic a. full of mystery and difficult to understand 神秘的
16 revisionist n. those who support of ideas and beliefs that 修正主义者
号
differ from and try to change accepted ideas and

beliefs especially in a way that is seen as wrong
or dishonest
17 extravagant a. more than is usual, necessary, or proper 过度的
众
18 trivial a. of little worth or importance 不重要的

19 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧
ancient times 的
公
20 banal a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐

的
21 analogous a. similar in some way 相似的
信
22 minuscule a. very small 极不重要的

23 dim v. to make (a light) less bright or to become less 使变暗淡
bright
微
24 darken v. to grow dark 使变暗

25 flattery n. praise that is not sincere 奉承（话）
26 affinity n. a strong liking for or attraction to someone or 密切关系
something
26
28 concession n. the act or an instance of giving up or admitting 让步，迁就

something
29 imperative a. very important 必要的
RE
35 exhilarate v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and 使高兴
excited
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
27
Section 15
1 metaphorical a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻性的
2 sectarian a. relating to religious or political sects and the 派系的
RE
differences between them
3 baroque a. having many details or too many details 复杂精美的
4 cosmopolitan a. having worldwide rather than limited or 见多识广的
provincial scope or bearing
G
a. composed of persons, constituents, or 来自各地的
elements from all or many parts of the world
a. found in most parts of the world and under 世界各地都
师
varied ecological conditions 有的
老
9 intransigent
realistic
巍
a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 坚持的，不
妥协的
拍马屁
张
10 sycophancy n. obsequious flattery
11 solitude n. a state or situation in which you are alone 独处
usually because you want to be
12 obeisance n. respect for someone or something 敬意
：
13 mixed a. combining characteristics of more than one 混合的

kind
a. including or accompanied by inconsistent, 前后不一致
号
incompatible, or contrary elements 的

14 debilitate v. to make (someone or something) weak 使虚弱
15 mimic v. to copy (someone or someone's behavior or 模仿
众
speech) especially for humor

16 plentitude n. a large number or amount of something 充分
17 privation n. a lack or loss of the basic things that people 匮乏
need to live properly
公
18 health a. a condition in which someone or something is 繁荣

thriving or doing well
信

20 intangible n. that does not exist as a physical thing but is （指企业资
still valuable to a company 产）无形的
微

23 plague n. a disease that causes death and that spreads 瘟疫，灾害
quickly to a large number of people
28
24 wary a. not having or showing complete trust in 谨慎的

someone or something that could be dangerous
or cause trouble
25 muddle v. to cause confusion in (someone or someone's 困惑
mind)
26 convivial a. of or relating to social events where people 好交际的
can eat, drink, and talk in a friendly way with
others
RE
27 hostile a. of or relating to an enemy 怀有敌意的
28 intricacy n. the quality or state of being complex or having 错综复杂
many parts
29 profusion n. a large amount of something 丰富
G
30 resurgence n. a growth or increase that occurs after a period 复苏
without growth or increase
师
31 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that 剧变
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc.
32 imminent a. happening very soon 即将发生的
老
33 stern a. very serious especially in an unfriendly way 严厉的
34 prophetic a. correctly stating what will happen in the future 预言的
36 apathetic
巍
a. marked by impartiality: unbiased
a. not having or showing much emotion or
interest
公平的
冷淡的;无兴
趣的
张
37 altruism n. feelings and behavior that show a desire to 利他
help other people and a lack of selfishness
38 fecundity n. producing or able to produce many babies, 多产，肥沃
：
young animals, or plants

39 fertility n. the ability to support the growth of many 肥沃
plants
号
众
公
信
微
29
Section 16
1 disciplined a. obeying the rules 遵守纪律的
2 formidable a. very difficult to deal with 令人敬畏的
3 specious a. appearing to be true but actually false 假的
4 ambivalent a. having or showing simultaneous and 矛盾的
RE
contradictory attitudes or feelings toward
something or someone
G
6 egregious a. very bad and easily noticed 极坏的
7 empirical a. based on testing or experience 以观察或实
师
验为依据的
8 inductive a. using particular examples to reach a general 归纳的
conclusion about something
老
9 anonymous a. not named or identified 匿名的
10 evenhanded a. not favoring one side or group over another 公平的
11 out of NA 由于
12
13
scathing
confessional
巍
a. very harsh or severe
a. telling private information about a person's life
严厉的
自白的
14 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or 粗略的
张
apparent: not thorough or complete
a. affecting only the outer part or surface of 肤浅的
：

15 aspirant n. a person who tries to become something: a 有抱负的
person who aspires to do or to be something
16 innovative a. introducing or using new ideas or methods 创新的
号
17 refinement n. the act or process of improving something 改良, 提纯

18 ubiquity n. presence everywhere or in many places 无所不在
especially simultaneously
众
19 omnipresence n. the state of being everywhere at once 无所不在

20 indict v. to formally decide that someone should be put 起诉
on trial for a crime
公
21 rehabilitate v. to bring (someone or something) back to a 使复原

normal, healthy condition after an illness, injury,
drug problem, etc.
22 exalt v. to praise (someone or something) highly 赞扬
信
23 valorize v. to assign value or merit to 赞扬

admire)
微
25 excoriate v. to criticize (someone or something) very 指责

harshly
26 content a. pleased and satisfied: not needing more 满足
27 betray v. to give information about (a person, group, 背叛
country, etc.) to an enemy
30
v. to show (something, such as a feeling or （无意中）

desire) without wanting or trying to 流露情感
28 quandary n. a situation in which you are confused about 左右为难
what to do
29 ploy n. a clever trick or plan that is used to get 策略
someone to do something or to gain an
advantage over someone
RE
30 dilemma n. a situation in which you have to make a 进退两难
difficult choice
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
31
Section 17
1 irreverent a. having or showing a lack of respect for 不敬的
someone or something that is usually treated
with respect
2 usher v. to lead (someone) to a place 开创，引领
3 criticize v. to express disapproval of (someone or 批评
RE
something)
4 sympathetic a. feeling or showing concern about someone 有同情心的
who is in a bad situation
5 sycophantic a. attempting to win favor by flattery 拍马屁的
G
6 sentimental a. based on, showing, or resulting from feelings 感情用事的
or emotions rather than reason or thought
7 censorious a. having or showing a tendency to criticize 苛责的
师
someone or something severely: very critical
8 pedantic a. marked by a narrow focus on or display of 迂腐的
learning especially its trivial aspects
老
9 eliminate v. to remove (something that is not wanted or 消除
needed)
v. to defeat and remove from a competition 淘汰
10 wherewithal n. the money, skill, etc., that is needed to get or (某一特定
do something 巍用途的)必
要设备
11 reputation n. the way in which people think of someone or 名誉
张
something
12 solemnity n. the quality of being formal or serious 庄严
13 panache lots of energy and style 潇洒；派头
：
14 disguise v. to hide (something) so that it will not be seen 掩盖

or noticed
15 diminish v. to become or to cause (something) to become 减少
less in size, importance, etc.
号
16 precede v. to happen, go, or come before (something or 在…之前发

someone) 生或出现
17 supplement n. something that is added to something else in 增补
众
order to make it complete

18 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something 代替
that is old or no longer used or accepted)
公
19 inadequacy n. the condition of being not enough or not good 不充分

enough
信

21 speculative a. based on guesses or ideas about what might 推理的
happen or be true rather than on facts
微
22 coincidence n. a situation in which events happen at the 巧合

same time in a way that is not planned or
expected
23 credulous a. too ready to believe things: easily fooled or 易受骗的
cheated
24 pseudoscience n. a system of theories, assumptions, and 伪科学
methods erroneously regarded as scientific
32
25 scold v. a person who often criticizes other people in 责骂

an angry way
26 endeavor v. to seriously or continually try to do (something) 尝试
n. a serious effort or attempt 努力
27 abstraction n. a thought or thoughts about general qualities 抽象
or ideas rather than people or things
28 liberalization n. the act of making less strict 自由化
RE
29 abnegate v. deny or renounce 放弃
30 recapitulate v. to give a brief summary of something 摘要
31 accretion n. a gradual process in which layers of a material 堆积
are formed as small amounts are added over
G
time
32 elusive a. hard to find or capture 难抓住的
师
a. hard to understand, define, or remember 难理解的
33 artifact n. a usually simple object (such as a tool or 手工艺品
ornament) showing human workmanship or
modification as distinguished from a natural
老
object
34 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or herself 杰出人物
as a member of a socially elite group
35
36
scrutiny
censure
巍
n. the act of carefully examining something
especially in a critical way
n. official strong criticism
仔细的观察
责备
37 patriotic a. having or showing great love and support for 爱国主义的
张
your country
38 sentiment n. feelings of love, sympathy, kindness, etc. 感情
39 wrap v. to cover (something) by winding or folding a 用…包裹
：
piece of material around it

40 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive 全套
because it is so big or because it includes so
many different kinds of people or things
号
41 spike n. an abrupt sharp increase (as in prices or (价格、数

rates) 量的)突然
上升
众
42 upsurge n. a rapid or sudden increase or rise 高涨

43 harbinger n. something that shows what is coming 预兆
44 portent n. a sign or warning that something usually bad 预兆
公
or unpleasant is going to happen

45 lull n. a brief time when an action or activity stops 间歇
v. to cause (someone) to feel safe and relaxed 哄骗，使放
信
instead of careful and alert 松警惕

46 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to 暂缓
stop doing something that is difficult or
微
unpleasant or when something difficult or

unpleasant stops or is delayed
47 incisive a. very clear and direct: able to explain difficult 透彻的
ideas clearly and confidently
48 gratify v. to make (someone) happy or satisfied 使满意
33
49 entice v. to attract (someone) especially by offering or 怂恿

showing something that is appealing, interesting,
etc.
50 perplex v. to confuse (someone) very much 使迷惑
51 amalgam n. a combination or mixture of different things 混合物
52 collegiality n. the cooperative relationship of colleagues 共同掌权
53 meticulous a. very careful about doing something in an 谨小慎微的
RE
54 eminence n. a person of high rank or achievements 显赫，卓越
55 tenacity n. the quality or state of being persistent 固执
56 encyclopedic a. dealing with or knowing a subject thoroughly 学识渊博的
G
or completely
57 long-winded a. using too many words in speaking or writing 啰嗦的
师
58 exhaustive a. including all possibilities: very thorough 全面彻底的
59 rambling a. to go from one subject to another without any 冗长含糊的
clear purpose or direction
60 overbearing a. often trying to control the behavior of other 傲慢的
老
people in an annoying or unwanted way
61 undiscriminating a. not marked by discrimination 一视同仁的
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
34
Section 18
1 invoke v. to refer to (something) in support of your ideas 提出或授
引…以支持
或证明
2 concur v. to agree with someone or something 意见一致
3 erudite a. having or showing knowledge that is learned 博学的
RE
by studying
5 contentious a. likely to cause people to argue or disagree 引起争议的
G
a. likely or willing to argue 好争议的
6 methodical a. done by using a careful and organized 有条不紊的
procedure
师
7 chronology n. a record of the order in which a series of 年代学;
events happened
8 synopses n. a short description of the most important (著作或作
老
information about something: a summary or 品的)大纲
outline
9 awry a. not working correctly or happening in the 错误的
expected way
10
11
astute
customary
巍
a. very alert and aware: clever
a. usually done in a particular situation or at a
particular place or time
精明的
习惯的
张
13 acquiesce v. to accept, agree, or allow something to 默许
happen by staying silent or by not arguing
14 empower v. to give official authority or legal power to 给（某
：
(someone) 人）…的权
力
15 overextend v. to extend or stretch (something) too far 过分扩展
号
16 pseudonym n. a name that someone (such as a writer) uses 化名

instead of his or her real name
17 remuneration n. an amount of money paid to someone for the 酬金
众
work that person has done

公
19 languish v. to continue for a long time without activity or 衰败

progress in an unpleasant or unwanted situation
信
22 high-minded a. having or showing intelligence and a strong 高尚的

moral character
23 unimpeachable a. very reliable and trusted: not able to be 无可指责的
微
doubted or questioned
24 ingenious a. very smart or clever: having or showing 聪明的
ingenuity
25 blameless a. free of guilt 无可指责的
26 unassuming a. not having or showing a desire to be noticed, 谦逊的
praised, etc.
35
27 complimentary a. expressing praise or admiration for someone 赞美的

or something
28 acerbic a. sharply or bitingly critical, sarcastic, or ironic in 尖酸的
temper, mood, or tone
29 cutting a. inclined or likely to wound the feelings of 尖酸的
others especially because of a ruthless
incisiveness
RE
something)
31 punctuate v. to give emphasis to 强调
32 correspondence n. the letters or e-mails that people write to each 信件
other
G
33 self-deprecating a. done in a way that makes your own 谦虚的
achievements or abilities seem unimportant
师
35 seditious a. arousing to action or rebellion 煽动性的
老
practical
realistic
38 confound 巍
v. to surprise and confuse (someone or
something)
v. to prove (someone or something) wrong
使混淆
证明…有误
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
36
Section 19
practical
2 prescient a. able to know or predict what was going to 有预知能力
happen in the future 的
3 banal a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐
RE
的
4 viable a. capable of being done or used 切实可行的
5 melodramatic a. emotional in a way that is very extreme or 感情夸张的
exaggerated: extremely dramatic or emotional
G
6 keep sth. at bay NA 阻挡，抵制
7 mawkish a. sad or romantic in a foolish or exaggerated 易伤感的
师
way
8 austerity n. a simple and plain quality 朴素
9 ostentatious a. displaying wealth, knowledge, etc., in a way 炫耀的
老
that is meant to attract attention, admiration, or
envy
10 emotive a. of or relating to emotions 表现感情的
12 impressive
巍
a. deserving attention, admiration, or respect 不俗的;了不
起的
张
13 remunerative a. paying a lot of money 有酬劳的
14 spartan a. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of (生活方式)
luxury and comfort 简朴的，清
：
苦的
n. a person of great courage and self-discipline 勇敢守纪律
的人
号
15 conceivable a. able to be imagined 可想到的

16 commonplace n. something commonly found 平庸，普通
n. an obvious or trite comment 陈腔滥调
众
17 sophisticated a. highly developed and complex 复杂的

18 erratic a. acting, moving, or changing in ways that are 反复无常
not expected or usual
边缘地带
公
19 periphery n. the outside edge of an area

20 altruistic a. showing concern for the happiness and 无私心的
welfare of other people rather than for yourself
21 disciplined a. obeying the rules 遵守纪律的
信

微

24 vanish v. to disappear entirely without a clear 消失
explanation
37
26 cumbersome a. hard to handle or manage because of size or 笨重的

weight
a. complicated and hard to do 复杂难做的
27 unwieldy a. difficult to handle, control, or deal with 笨重的
because of being large, heavy, or complex
28 ephemeral a. lasting a very short time 短暂的
29 peculiarity n. something that is unusual or peculiar in a 特性
RE
person or thing
30 gravitate v. to be attracted to or toward something or 被吸引
someone
31 eccentricity n. the quality of being strange or unusual in 怪癖
G
behavior
32 predilection n. a natural liking for something 嗜好
33 vacillation n. inability to take a stand 犹豫不决
师
34 proclivity n. a strong natural liking for something that is 癖性
usually bad
35 wavering n. indecision in speech or action 犹豫
老
36 coward n. lacking courage 胆小鬼
37 fierce a. very violent 凶猛的
38 consensus n. a general agreement about something 一致同意
39
40
fractious
restive
巍
a. full of anger and disagreement
a. hard to manage or control
a. feeling bored or impatient while waiting for
易怒的
难对付的
难以驾驭的
张
something to happen or change
interest 趣的
：
42 cynical a. believing that people are generally selfish and 认为人皆自

dishonest 私的
43 compliant a. willing to do whatever you are asked or 遵从的
ordered to do
号
44 tractable a. easily managed or controlled 易驾驭的

45 snag n. an unexpected problem or difficulty 小困难或障
碍
众
46 hitch n. a hidden problem that makes something more 小障碍

complicated or difficult to do
47 upshot n. the final result 结果
公
信
微
38
Section 20
2 impassive a. not showing emotion 无感情的
3 solitary a. separate from other people or things 独自的
4 sluggish a. moving slowly or lazily 行动迟缓的
5 impotency n. the quality of lacking strength or power 无力
RE
6 paralyze v. to make powerless or ineffective 使不能正常
活动
7 demoralize v. to cause (someone) to lose hope, courage, or 使泄气
G
confidence
师
9 galvanize v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock 激励
10 exasperate v. to make (someone) very angry or annoyed 使恶化
11 homogeneous a. made up of the same kind of people or things 同类的
老
12 daunting a. tending to make people afraid or less 令人畏惧的
confident
13 disinterested a. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, 公正的
14 counterpart
or concerns
a. not interested 巍
n. someone or something that has the same job
冷漠;无兴趣
对应的人或
or purpose as another 物
张
or something)
：
17 replete a. having much or plenty of something: filled with 充满的

something
号
slow or difficult
19 discretionary a. done or used when necessary 自由决定的
20 bureaucratic a. using or connected with many complicated 官僚主义的
rules and ways of doing things
众
21 skirt v. to avoid (something) especially because it is 避开

difficult or will cause problems
22 scrutinize v. to examine carefully especially in a critical way 仔细检查
公
23 counter v. to reply to sb. by trying to prove that what they 反驳

said is not true
24 revelation n. a secret or surprising fact that is made known 揭露
歪曲
信
25 distort v. to change so as to make untrue or inaccurate

26 carnivore n. an animal that feeds on meat 食肉动物
27 deemphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 使不重要
微
28 implement v. to begin to do or use (something, such as a 实施

plan)
29 check v. to slow or bring to a stop 中止
30 doom v. to make (someone or something) certain to 厄运
fail, suffer, die, etc.
39
31 bypass v. to avoid or ignore especially to get something 避开

done quicker
32 tenure n. the right to keep a job (especially the job of （尤指大学
being a professor at a college or university) for 教师的）终
as long as you want to have it 身职位
33 firmness n. the quality of being steady or securely and 坚决
immovably fixed in place
RE
34 universality n. the quality of being universal 通用性
36 transient a. not lasting long 短暂的
G
something
38 assailable a. not defended or capable of being defended 易攻击的
师
39 presume v. to think that (something) is true without 推测
knowing that it is true
40 animate a. possessing or characterized by life 有生气
激励，推动
老
v. to give spirit and support
41 thwart v. to prevent (someone) from doing something or 阻挠
to stop (something) from happening
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
40
Section 21
2 egregious a. very bad and easily noticed 极坏的
3 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或
RE
经验的
4 inductive a. using particular examples to reach a general 归纳的
conclusion about something
5 plausible a. possibly true 貌似有理的
G
6 uncontested a. contest 无争议的
7 unproven a. not tested and shown to be good, true, or 未被证实的
师
useful
8 circuitous a. not straight, short, and direct 迂回的
老
10 degenerative a. causing the body or part of the body to 退步的
become weaker or less able to function as time
passes
11 spontaneous
巍
a. done or said in a natural and often sudden
way and without a lot of thought or planning
a. doing things that have not been planned but
自然的
自发的
that seem enjoyable and worth doing at a
张
particular time
12 auspicious a. showing or suggesting that future success is 有利的
likely
：
13 contention n. something (such as a belief, opinion, or idea) 争论

that is argued or stated
14 sound a. in good health 健全的
a. free from mistakes 合理的,正确
号
的
a. solid and strong 可靠的
15 destructive a. causing a very large amount of damage 毁灭性的
众
16 intriguing a. extremely interesting 迷人的

17 retroactive a. effective from a particular date in the past 追溯的
18 innocuous a. causing no injury 无害的
公
a. not likely to bother or offend anyone 无意冒犯的

19 intrinsic a. belonging to the essential nature of a thing 固有的，内
在的
信
20 rationale n. an underlying reason 根本原因

21 precedent a. a similar action or event that happened at an 在先的
earlier time
微
n. an earlier occurrence of something similar 先例

23 stifle v. to stop from doing or expressing something 阻止，扼杀
24 disregard v. /n. to ignore (something) or treat (something) 忽视，轻视
as unimportant
41
25 ancillary a. providing something additional to a main part 辅助的

or function
26 distortion n. the act of twisting out of shape or making 扭曲
inaccurate
27 disguise v. to hide (something) so that it will not be seen 掩盖
or noticed
28 incursion n. a sudden invasion or attack 侵入
RE
29 corrupt v. to change (a book, computer file, etc.) from 破坏
the correct or original form
v. to cause (someone or something) to become 使腐败
dishonest, immoral, etc: bribe
30 expedite v. to cause (something) to happen faster 迅速完成
G
31 omnipresent a. present in all places at all times 无所不在的
32 diminutive a. very small 小的
师
33 ubiquitous a. seeming to be seen everywhere 无所不在的
34 minuscule a. very small 非常小的
35 ethereal a. of or relating to the regions beyond the earth 缥缈的；超
老
凡的
36 elaborate a. made or done with great care or with much 精巧的
detail
37 domestic
巍
v. to give more details about something
a. relating to or involving someone's home or
family
详尽说明
家用的
张
38 empiricism n. the practice of basing ideas and theories on 经验主义
testing and experience
39 startling a. very surprising, shocking, or frightening 令人吃惊的
：

conjecture
号

43 quiescence n. a state of quiet (but possibly temporary) 静止
inaction
44 turbulence n. a state of confusion, violence, or disorder 骚乱
众
45 isolation n. the state of being in a place or situation that is 隔离

separate from others
公
信
微
42
Section 22
ingenuity
2 fanciful a. coming from the imagination 空想的，不
现实的
3 scrupulous a. careful in doing what is right and proper 严谨的;
RE
4 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional 标新立异
or ordinary
a. very basic and important 根本的
G
6 jejune a. not interesting 乏味的
a. too simple 幼稚的
师
something
8 dogmatic a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as if 固执己见
老
they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted 的，教条的
11
12
narrow
empiricism
巍
a. limited in size or extent
n. the practice of basing ideas and theories on
狭隘的
经验主义
张
13 utilitarianism n. the belief that a morally good action is one 功利主义
that helps the greatest number of people
14 parochialism n. the quality or state of being parochial 狭隘
：
15 forbear v. to choose not to do (something that you could 忍耐

do) : to avoid doing or saying (something)
16 purport v. to claim to be or do a particular thing when this 自称
claim may not be true
号
17 erratic a. acting, moving, or changing in ways that are 反复无常

not expected or usual
众
by studying
19 surfeit n. an amount that is too much or more than you 过量
need
公
活动
信
23 revelation n. a secret or surprising fact that is made known 揭露

24 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something) 放弃（想做
的事或想得
微
之物）
43

28 preclude v. to prevent (someone) from doing something 阻止
RE
29 elicit v. to get (a response, information, etc.) from 引出
someone
30 bar v. to prevent or forbid (someone) from doing 阻碍
something
G
31 aerial a. taken or seen from an airplane 空中的
32 manifest v. to show (something) clearly 表明
师
a. able to be seen : clearly shown or visible 明显的
33 undercut v. to make (something) weaker or less effective 削弱
painful
老
35 diminish v. to become or to cause (something) to become 减少
36 indispensable a. extremely important and necessary 不可或缺的
37 primitive 巍
a. of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an
early time in the very ancient past
a. very simple and basic
原始的
基本的
张
38 intelligible a. capable of being understood or 明白易懂的
comprehended
：
的
40 insipid a. dull or boring 枯燥的
41 bitter a. having a strong and often unpleasant flavor 苦的，痛苦
号
that is the opposite of sweet 的痛苦的

tongkude
42 conjure up NA 想起
众
43 strip away NA 剥去
公
信
微
44
Section 23
1 unmanageable a. hard or impossible to handle or control 难管理的
2 small a. not very important 无足轻重的
3 deceptive a. intended to make someone believe 骗人的
something that is not true
4 chronological a. arranged in the order that things happened 按发生时间
RE
or came to be 顺序排列的
5 paucity n. an amount that is less than what is needed 缺乏
or wanted
G
7 transparency n. the quality of sth, such as a situation or an 易懂；清
argument, that makes it easy to understand 楚；透明度
师
8 youthful a. having or showing the freshness or energy 青春
of someone who is young
9 genuine a. actual, real, or true : not false or fake; 真正的;真
老
sincere and honest 诚的
10 halfhearted a. lacking enthusiasm or interest 不认真的
11 pragmatic a. dealing with the problems that exist in a 实际的
specific situation in a reasonable and logical
12 deem
巍
way instead of depending on ideas and
theories
v. to think of (someone or something) in a 认为
张
particular way
：
considered wrong)
15 inert a. unable or slow to move or react 迟钝的;无
生气的
号
16 jubilant a. feeling or expressing great joy 欢呼的

17 sensuous a. pleasant, attractive, or appealing in a way 愉悦感官的
that produces or suggests feelings of physical
众
or sexual pleasure
18 enervate v. to make (someone or something) very weak 使衰弱
or tired
19 circumscribe v. to limit the size or amount of (something) 限制
公
20 augment v. to increase the size or amount of 增加

(something)
21 foreground v. to make (something) more important 强调,突出
信
22 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such 避免

as a law or rule)
23 static a. showing little or no change, action, or 静止的
progress
微
24 proselytizer n. a person who tries to persuade people to 改变宗教信

join a religion, cause, or group 仰者
25 sage n. a very wise person 贤人
26 deliberation n. careful thought or discussion done in order 深思熟虑
to make a decision
45
27 flamboyant a. having a very noticeable quality that attracts 华丽的

a lot of attention
28 import n. importance 重要性
comprehended
30 orthodox n. accepted as true or correct by most people : 传统
supporting or believing what most people think
RE
is true
31 readable a. easy and enjoyable to read 易懂的
32 voluble a. talking a lot in an energetic and rapid way 爱说话的
33 accession n. the act of assenting or agreeing 同意，赞同
G
34 acquiescence n. passive acceptance or submission 默许
35 subvert v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a 颠覆，破坏
师
government, political system, etc.
38 slumber v. sleep 睡眠
老
39 somnolent a. of a kind likely to induce sleep 瞌睡的
40 impartial a. not partial or biased : treating or affecting all 公平的
equally
41
42
lethargic
laconic
in doing things
巍
a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of interest
a. using few words in speech or writing

昏睡的
言简意赅的
张
43 befuddled a. utterly confused or puzzled 迷糊的
45 fatigue n. the state of being very tired 疲劳
：
号
众
公
信
微
46
Section 24
1 dispersal n. the process or result of the spreading of 分散
organisms from one place to another
2 inveterate a. firmly established by long persistence （习惯等）
根深蒂固的
3 routine a. a regular way of doing things in a particular 例行的;日常
RE
order 的
conjecture
G
7 harrowing a. very distressing or painful 悲惨的
师
8 naïve a. having or showing a lack of experience or 天真的
knowledge: innocent or simple
9 exaggeration n. the state of thinking of or describing 夸张
老
something as larger or greater than it really is
10 deception n. the act of making someone believe something 欺诈
that is not true
11 virtually adv. very nearly: almost entirely 几乎
12
13
14
penalty
premeditate
alienate
巍
n. punishment for breaking a rule or law
v. to think about and plan beforehand
v. to make (someone) unfriendly: to cause
惩罚
预先考虑
使疏远
张
(someone) to stop being friendly, helpful, etc.,
towards you
15 embolden v. to make (someone) more confident 鼓励
：

or something)
17 seize v. to use legal or official power to take 抓住
(something)
号
18 derisive a. expressing or causing contemptuous ridicule 嘲笑的

or scorn
19 contemplate v. to think deeply or carefully about (something) 深思熟虑
众
20 alien a. not familiar or like other things you have 陌生的

known
21 intuitive a. having the ability to know or understand things 凭直觉获知
without any proof or evidence: having or 的
公
characterized by intuition
22 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very 严厉斥责某
harshly 人
信
23 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 赚钱的

24 esteem n. respect and affection 尊敬
25 animate v. having life : alive or living 使…有生气
微

by studying
27 aversion n. a strong feeling of not liking something 厌恶
28 staleness n. the state of boring or unoriginal 陈腐
29 inferable a. being able to form (an opinion) from evidence 能推理的
47
30 entail v. to have (something) as a part, step, or result 牵扯

31 coincident a. happening at the same time 同时发生的
32 antecedent a. earlier in time 在先的
33 bypass v. to avoid or ignore especially to get something 避开
done quicker
34 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.) 使恶化
worse
RE
35 magnify v. to make (something) seem greater or more 放大
important than it is
36 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as 避免
a law or rule)
G
37 evanescence n. the state or quality of lasting only for a short 瞬息
time
38 demise n. the end of something that is thought of as 消亡
师
being like a death
39 decay v. to be slowly destroyed by natural processes: 衰败
to be slowly broken down by the natural
老
processes that destroy a dead plant or body
40 deterioration n. the act or process of becoming worse 恶化，衰退
41 weird a. unusual or strange 奇怪的
42 shackle v. to prevent free action 妨碍
43
44
stifle
enliven
巍
v. to stop from doing or expressing something
v. to make (something) more interesting, lively,
阻止，扼杀
使生动
or enjoyable
张
45 admonish v. to speak to (someone) in a way that expresses 训诫, 轻责
disapproval or criticism
v. to tell or urge (someone) to do something 力劝
：
号
众
公
信
微
48
Section 25
1 sparse present only in small amounts 稀疏的
2 teem v. to be full of something 充满
3 roil v. to cause (someone or something) to become 扰乱
very agitated or disturbed
4 ebb v. a point or condition of decline 减少
RE
5 bar v. to prevent or forbid (someone) from doing 阻碍
something
6 eminent a. successful, well-known and respected 杰出的
7 ridicule v. to laugh at and make jokes about (someone or 嘲笑
G
something) in a cruel or harsh way
师
9 embellish v. to decorate (something) by adding special 润色
details and features: to make (something) more
appealing or attractive
10 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or something) too 轻视
老
low
12 anthropogenic a. of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of 人类活动产
13 triumph
巍
human beings on nature
n. a great or important victory; a great success or
achievement
生的
胜利
张
14 disseminate v. to cause (something, such as information) to 散布
go to many people
15 molder v. to rot slowly especially from not being used: to 腐朽
decay slowly
：
16 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about 漠不关心;中

something : an indifferent attitude or feeling 立
17 glory n. public praise, honor, and fame 光荣
号
18 subtle a. not obvious 不明显的

19 dynamics n. a pattern or process of change, growth, or 动态
activity
众
20 rote a. learned or memorized by rote 死记硬背的

considered wrong)
22 patriotic a. having or showing great love and support for 爱国主义的
公
your country
23 sentiment n. feelings of love, sympathy, kindness, etc. 感情
24 wrap v. to cover (something) by winding or folding a 用…包裹
信
piece of material around it

25 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive 全套
because it is so big or because it includes so
微
26 spike n. an abrupt sharp increase (as in prices or (价格、数

rates) 量的)突然
上升
27 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or herself 杰出人物
49
28 cluster n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物

together 的）群，
团，组
29 expansionist n. the belief that a country should grow larger : a 领土扩张论
policy of increasing a country's size by 者
expanding its territory
30 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分
RE
的
31 heterogeneous a. consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients 成分混杂的
or constituents: mixed
32 stratify v. to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or 按等级分化
G
social strata
33 stagnation n. a state or condition marked by lack of flow, 停滞
movement, or development
师
34 initiate v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start 开始
or begin (something)
老
36 recant v. to publicly say that you no longer have an 公开宣布放
opinion or belief that you once had 弃（原先的
信仰、观点
37 maintain
巍
v. to cause to exist or continue without changing
v. to affirm in or as if in argument
等）
保持
断言
张
38 concede v. to say that you accept or do not deny the truth 让步
or existence of (something): to admit (something)
usually in an unwilling way
39 grant v. to admit (something) although it does not 授予，承认
：
agree with or support your opinion

40 rosy a. having or producing hope for success or 乐观的
happiness in the future
号
41 encomium n. glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise 赞美词

42 tribute n. something that you say, give, or do to show 致敬，颂词
respect or affection for someone
（媒体的）
众
43 publicity n. attention that is given to someone or

something by newspapers, magazines, television 关注，宣传
news programs, etc.
公
信
微
50
Section 26
1 superfluous a. beyond what is needed: not necessary 多余的
在的
RE
4 idealize v. to think of or represent (someone or 使理想化
something) as being perfect
G
5 exalt v. to praise (someone or something) highly 赞扬
6 aver v. to say (something) in a very strong and <正>断言
definite way
师
7 feign v. to pretend to feel or be affected by 假装
(something)
8 avow v. to declare or state (something) in an open and 公开声明
老
public way
9 exude v. to show (a quality, emotion, etc.) very clearly 显露
or strongly
10 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or argue 好挑衅的
11
12
deferential
condescending
巍
a. showing or expressing respect and high
regard due a superior or an elder
a. showing or characterized by a patronizing or
恭敬的
傲慢的
张
superior attitude toward others
13 embargo n. a government order that limits trade in some 禁运（令）
way
14 treatise n. a book, article, etc., that discusses a subject 专题论文
：
carefully and thoroughly

号

众

earlier time
公
20 recession n. a period of reduced business activity 经济衰退

21 rampant a. existing or growing greatly and quickly 疯长的
22 slump v. to decrease suddenly and by a large amount 暴跌
信
23 scandal n. an occurrence in which people are shocked 丑闻

and upset because of behavior that is morally or
legally wrong
微

26 consolidate v. to make (something, such as a position of 巩固
power or control) stronger or more secure
27 counterforce n. a force that opposes another force 反击力
51
28 concomitant n. something that happens at the same time as 伴随发生的

something else 事
a. happening at the same time as something 同时发生的
else
30 futility n. the quality or state of being ineffective 无效
RE
31 unease n. a feeling of worry or unhappiness 不安
32 pointles a. having no meaning, purpose, or effect 无意义，空
洞
G
33 sloth n. the quality or state of being lazy 懒散
34 apathy n. the feeling of not having much emotion or 冷淡;漠然
interest
师
35 gleam v. to shine brightly 闪闪发光
36 imperial a. of or relating to an empire or an emperor 皇家的，庄
严的
老
37 paraphernalia n. objects that are used to do a particular activity: 随身物品;装
objects of a particular kind 备
38 unostentatious a. not excessively or pretentiously showy or 朴素的;不虚
39 modest
巍
flamboyant : quiet and restrained in taste
a. not too proud or confident about yourself or
your abilities : not showing or feeling great or
饰的
谦虚的
张
excessive pride
a. not very large in size or amount 适度的
40 august a. having a formal and impressive quality 威严的
：
41 majestic a. large and impressively beautiful 宏伟的

42 casual a. happening by chance : not planned or 偶然的
expected
43 flare n. a light that shines brightly and briefly 闪光
号
44 churn v. to move in a circle 产生剧烈搅

动
45 circumstellar a. surrounding or occurring in the vicinity of a 环绕恒星的
众
star
46 spiral v. to move in a circle around a central point while 螺旋式地移
getting closer to or farther away from it : to move 动
公
in a spiral
47 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of what 讽刺的
you really think especially in order to be funny
信

50 content a. pleased and satisfied: not needing more 满足
51 disdain v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone 鄙视
微
or something)
52
Section 27
1 avant-garde a. a group of people who develop new and often 先锋派的
very surprising ideas in art, literature, etc.
2 flout v. to break or ignore (a law, rule, etc.) without 藐视
hiding what you are doing or showing fear or
shame
RE
3 presuppose v. to be based on the idea that something is true 预先假定
or will happen
4 imitate v. to do the same thing as (someone) 模仿
5 illuminate v. to make (something) clear and easier to 阐明
G
understand
6 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about your 自私自利的
师
own needs and interests
realistic
老
10 ineffectual a. not producing or able to produce the effect 无效的
11 rivalry
you want 巍
n. a state or situation in which people or groups
are competing with each other
竞争
12 cluster n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物

张
together 的）群，
团，组
13 invention productive imagination 虚构的故事
：
14 animate v. having life : alive or living 使…有生气

15 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence people 华而不实的
and that may not be honest or reasonable 言语
号
16 hallmark n. a quality, ability, etc., that is typical of a 标志

particular person or thing
17 eloquence a. the ability to speak or write well and in an 雄辩
众
effective way
18 fantasy n. something that is produced by the imagination 幻想
公
20 instinctive a. based on feelings or desires that do not come 生来的;本能

from thinking or learning 的
21 acquire v. gained by or as a result of effort or experience （尤指靠自
信
己的努力或
行动）获得
的
微

威等）
53

的事或想得
之物）
25 celebrate v. to say that (someone or something) is great or 颂扬
important
26 incommensurate a. not commensurate 不相称的
27 surpass v. to be better or greater than (someone or 胜过
RE
something)
28 parity n. the quality or state of being equal or 平等
equivalent
29 inclusive a. covering or including everything 包罗广泛的
G
30 stratification n. the state of being divided into social classes 分层
31 elucidate v. to make (something that is hard to 阐明
师
understand) clear or easy to understand
32 speculation n. ideas or guesses about something that is not 推测
known
33 obfuscate v. to make (something) more difficult to 困惑
老
understand
sufficient evidence
35
36
per capita
distortion
NA
巍
n. the act of twisting out of shape or making
inaccurate
按人分配的
扭曲
37 disparity n. different from each other 不一致

张
38 fluctuate v. to change level, strength, or value frequently 动摇不定
39 variance n. an amount of difference or change 不一致
40 vacillation n. inability to take a stand : irresolution, 犹豫不决
：
indecision
41 spurn v. to refuse to accept (someone or something 蔑视
that you do not think deserves your respect,
号
attention, affection, etc.)

elements
众
comprehended
44 slippery a. not easy to understand or identify in an exact （问题等)
way 难以应对的
公

46 deceptive a. intended to make someone believe something 骗人的
信
that is not true

47 futile a. having no result or effect : pointless or useless 无效的
48 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your 引人入胜的
attention
微
54
Section 28
1 cataclysmic a. severely destructive 灾难性的
pervasive a. existing in or spreading through every part of 普遍的
2
something
3 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or region 地方性的
RE
4 from scratch NA 白手起家
winnow v. to remove (people or things that are less 筛选
6 important, desirable, etc.) from a larger group or
G
list
7 discourse n. a long talk or piece of writing about a subject 论述
purport v. to claim to be or do a particular thing when this 自称
师
8
claim may not be true
settle v. to end (something, such as an argument) by 解决（分
老
10 reaching an agreement 歧、纠纷
等）
provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端的
11
12
stipulate
巍
a. causing sexual feelings or excitement
v. to demand or require (something) as part of an
agreement
刺激的
规定
张
14 simultaneous a. happening at the same time 同时发生的
superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or 粗略的
：

15 a. affecting only the outer part or surface of 肤浅的
号
isolationism n. the belief that a country should not be involved 孤立主义

16
with other countries
resilience n. the ability of something to return to its original 快速恢复的
众
17 shape after it has been pulled, stretched, 能力

pressed, bent, etc.
idealism n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is 理想主义
18 possible to live according to very high standards
公
of behavior and honesty

19
peer n. a person who belongs to the same age group 同辈
or social group as someone else
小集团
信
cliquish n. a small group of people who spend time

20
together and who are not friendly to other people
alienation n. a withdrawing or separation of a person or a 疏远
21 person's affections from an object or position of
微
former attachment
archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧
22 ancient times 的
vilify v. to say or write very harsh and critical things 诽谤
24
about (someone or something)
55
stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍

25
stop (something) from happening
26
hinder v. to make (something, such as a task or action) 妨碍
slow or difficult
27 aggrieve v. to give pain or trouble to 令委屈
circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as 避免
28
a law or rule)
RE
forge n. a place where objects are made by heating 伪造
29
and shaping metal
30 assembly n. the act of connecting together the parts of 装配
apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or 冷淡的;无兴
31
G
interest 趣的
fractious a. full of anger and disagreement 易怒的
32
师
a. hard to manage or control 难对付的
restive a. feeling bored or impatient while waiting for 难以驾驭的
33
something to happen or change
cynical a. believing that people are generally selfish and 认为人皆自
老
34 dishonest 私的
compliant a. willing to do whatever you are asked or 遵从的
35
ordered to do
36
37
tractable
rant
diatribe
巍
a. easily managed or controlled
n. a bombastic extravagant speech
n. an angry and usually long speech or piece of
易驾驭的
粗野的话
谩骂
张
38 writing that strongly criticizes someone or
something
39
exculpate v. to prove that someone is not guilty of doing 使无罪
something wrong
：
40 disquisition n. a long speech or written report on a subject 专题论文

vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到
41 criticism or censure 的责难或嫌
号
疑的）澄清
众
公
信
微
56
Section 29
RE
something
G
师
8 abstemious a. marked by restraint especially in the eating of （生活等）
food or drinking of alcohol 以节制为特
点的
老
10 insouciance n. a relaxed and calm state: a feeling of not 无忧无虑；
11 surreptitious
巍
worrying about anything
a. done in a secret way
漫不经心
秘密的
讲述者
张
12 narrator n. someone who tells a story
13 bog down NA 使停滞不前
14 adversary n. opponent, enemy 敌手
宣判
：
15 adjudicate v. to make an official decision about who is right

in (a dispute)
16 inadequate a. not enough or not good enough 不充足的
17 abstruse a. difficult to comprehend 深奥的
号
18 controversy n. argument that involves many people who 公开辩论

strongly disagree about something
19 eyewitness n. a person who sees something happen and is 目击证人
众
able to describe it
20 perish v. to disappear or be destroyed 毁灭
21 repetitious a. having parts, actions, etc., that are repeated 重复的
many times in a way that is boring or unpleasant
公
22 encounter v. to meet (someone) without expecting or 碰见

intending to
信

25 trace v. to follow the path or line of (something) 跟踪
微
n. a very small amount 痕量

26 predate v. to exist or happen at an earlier time than （在日期
(something or someone) 上）早于
27 therapy n. the treatment of physical or mental illnesses 治疗
57

30 deem v. to think of (someone or something) in a 认为
particular way
32 suspect v. to have doubts of 怀疑
33 fund v. to provide money for (something) 为…提供资
RE
金
34 cast-iron a. very strong or tough 坚固的
35 rebel n. a person who opposes a person or group in 造反者
G
authority
师
37 reproach v. to speak in an angry and critical way to 责骂
(someone)
38 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to 暂缓
stop doing something that is difficult or
老
unpleasant or when something difficult or
unpleasant stops or is delayed
39 relief n. a pleasant and relaxed feeling that someone （不快过后
40 deference
not happen
巍
has when something unpleasant stops or does
n. a way of behaving that shows respect for

的）宽慰
尊重;顺从
张
41 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端的
a. causing sexual feelings or excitement 刺激的
：
excited
44 antagonize v. to cause (someone) to feel hostile or angry: to 使成为敌人
号
irritate or upset (someone)

众
聊的
公
50 erroneous a. not corect 错误的
信

的
微
52 delusive a. inappropriate to reality or facts 迷惑的;欺骗

的
53 sketchy a. done quickly without many details 粗略的
58
Section 30
1 affable a. friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼的
2 ebullient a. lively and enthusiastic 精力充沛的
3 measured a. done with thought and care 谨慎小心的
4 irascible a. becoming angry very easily: having a bad 易怒的
RE
temper
5 overwrought a. extremely excited 过度紧张的
6 disprove v. to prove to be false or wrong 证明…是虚
假的
G
师
误
8 conflate v. to bring together 混合
老
9 divulge v. to make (information) known: to give 泄露
(information) to someone
11
12
naïve
exaggeration
巍
a. having or showing a lack of experience or
knowledge: innocent or simple
n. the state of thinking of or describing
something as larger or greater than it really is
天真的
夸张
张
13 deception n. the act of making someone believe something 欺诈
that is not true
14 virtually adv. very nearly : almost entirely 几乎
：
15 penalty n. punishment for breaking a rule or law 惩罚

16 premeditate v. to think about and plan beforehand 预先考虑
17 glamorous a. very exciting and attractive : full of glamour 迷人的
号
18 chic a. fashionable style 时髦的

19 unfathomable a. impossible to understand 难以了解的
20 sensible a. having or showing good sense or judgment 明智的
众

22 compunction n. a feeling of guilt or regret 后悔
23 subordinate a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or 下级的
positio
公
24 indispensable a. extremely important and necessary 绝对必要的

25 primitive a. of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an （动植物）
early time in the 原始的，低
信
very ancient past 等的

a. very simple and basic 初级的
微
comprehended
的
28 compensate for NA 弥补
59
29 portend v. to give an omen or anticipatory sign of 预示

30 offset v. to create an equal balance between two things 抵消
威等）
32 murky a. very dark or foggy 昏暗的
RE
33 compact a. using little space and having parts that are 紧凑的
close together
34 pristine a. not changed by people: left in its natural state 自然状态的
a. in perfect condition: completely clean, fresh, 新鲜的
G
neat, etc.
35 grimy a. dirty 满是灰尘的
36 blemish n. a mark that makes something imperfect or 瑕疵
师
less beautiful
37 dour a. serious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy 冷冰冰的
38 mirthful a. arousing or provoking laughter 愉快的
老
39 jovial a. full of happiness and joy 快乐的
40 intelligent a. able to learn and understand things 聪明的;理解
力强的
41
42
43
tepid
lugubrious
gloomy
巍
a. not energetic or excited
a. full of sadness or sorrow
a. sad or depressed
不热情的
悲哀的
令人沮丧的;
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
60
Section 31
1 dissent n. public disagreement with an official opinion, 意见的分歧
decision, or set of beliefs
2 authoritarianism n. expecting or requiring people to obey rules or 独裁主义
laws: not allowing personal freedom
3 forbearance n. the quality of someone who is patient and able 忍耐
RE
to deal with a difficult person or situation without
becoming angry
4 volatility n. a tendency to change quickly and 反复无常
unpredictably
5 lucidity n. clearness of thought or style 清晰
G
6 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a problem or 应急办法
do something
师
7 reminiscent a. thinking about the past 回忆往事的
a. reminding you of someone or something else : 使人联想…
similar to something else 的
老
8 indispensable a. extremely important and necessary 绝对必要的
9 inimical a. not friendly 敌意的
a. likely to cause damage or have a bad effect 有害的
10
11
dictum
qualify
巍
n. a statement or well-known remark that
expresses an important idea or rule
v. to limit or modify the meaning of
格言
限定
张
12 jettison v. to get rid of 丢弃
13 affirm v. to say that something is true in a confident 证实
way
14 taxing a. requiring a lot of effort, energy, etc. 费力的
：
15 sanity n. the condition of having a healthy mind 头脑清楚

n. the condition of being based on reason or 通情达理
good judgment
号
16 intrude v. to come or go into a place where you are not 侵入

wanted or welcome
17 prestigious a. honored 有声望的
众

earlier time
公

something
21 virtually adv. very nearly : almost entirely 几乎
信
22 cover up NA 掩饰，掩盖
微

dishonest 私的
25 captivate v. to attract and hold the attention of by being 迷住
interesting, pretty, etc.
26 outrage v. to make (someone) very angry 激怒
61
27 heterogeous a. made up of parts that are different 不同的

28 indeterminate a. not able to be stated or described in an exact 不明确的
way
29 de-emphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 不再重视
30 champion v. to fight or speak publicly in support of 支持
31 defend v. to maintain or support in the face of argument 捍卫，支持
or hostile criticism
RE
32 hamstring v. v. to damage or ruin the force or effectiveness 损害,使无能
of 为力
33 revitalize v. to give new life or vigor to 使复兴
34 impair v. to make weaker or worse 损害
G
35 invigorate v. to give life and energy to (someone) 使精力充沛
36 inflammatory a. causing anger 有煽动性的
师
37 bighearted a. generous, charitable 宽大的
38 manic a. very excited, energetic, or emotional 疯狂的
老
聊的
40 gloomy a. sad or depressed 令人沮丧
的，前景黯
41 puerile
巍
a. silly or childish especially in a way that shows
a lack of seriousness or good judgment
淡的;
幼稚的
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
62
Section 32
1 usage n. manner of treating 对待
2 sober a. plain in color; having or showing a very serious 有节制的;朴
attitude or quality 素的
3 exalt v. to praise highly 赞扬
4 coddle v. to treat (someone) with too much care or 娇惯，溺爱
RE
kindness
5 excoriate v. to criticize very harshly 严厉指责
6 mollify v. to make less angry 使平静
G
7 delude v. to cause (someone) to believe something that is 哄骗
not true
师
9 hews to NA 遵守
10 override v. to make (something) no longer valid 推翻
老
painful
12 incompatible a. not able to exist together without trouble or 不相容的
conflict
13 clumsy a. awkward or inefficient in use or construction 笨拙的
14
15
compliance
obsequious
巍
n. the act or process of doing what you have been
asked or ordered to do
a. too eager to help or obey someone important
服从
谄媚的
张
16 veil v. to hide or partly hide (something) 掩盖
17 sabotage v. to destroy or damage (something) deliberately 蓄意破坏，
so that it does not work correctly 捣乱
：
18 venerate v. to feel or show deep respect for 尊敬

19 detestation n. extreme hatred or dislike 憎恶
号
21 sidestep v. bypass, evade 回避，躲避

22 vilify v. to say or write very harsh and critical things 诽谤
众
23 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as a 避免

law or rule)
公
25 mien n. a person's appearance or facial expression 风采

26 appealing a. pleasing or attractive 吸引人的
27 exhaustive a. very thorough 彻底的，详
信
尽无遗
28 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly 综合的;广泛
的
微
29 disparage v. to describe as unimportant, weak, bad, etc. 贬低

30 assiduous a. showing great care, attention, and effort 勤勉的
31 stupefaction n. the state of being stupefied 麻木状态
32 mockery n. insulting or contemptuous action or speech 嘲笑
63
33 incredulity n. a feeling that you do not or cannot believe or 怀疑

accept that something is true or real
34 derision n. the feeling that people express when they 嘲弄
criticize and laugh at someone or something in an
insulting way
35 retrenchment n. a cutting of expenses 删除
36 burgeon v. to grow or develop quickly 迅速发展
RE
38 curtail v. to reduce or limit 削减
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
64
Section 33
1 glamorous a. very exciting and attractive 富有魅力的
2 concoct v. to invent or develop 捏造
v. to make by mixing different things together 混合而制
3 disavow v. to deny that you know about or are involved 不承认
in (something)
RE
understand
5 chaotic a. in a state of complete disorder and confusion 无秩序的
6 impute v. to say or suggest that someone or something 把（错误
G
has or is guilty of (something) 等）归咎于
7 dubious a. causing doubt, uncertainty, or suspicion 可疑的
师
a. unsure or uncertain 不确定的
8 dilute a. reduced in strength as a result of containing 稀释的
an added liquid
老
9 counterintuitive a. not agreeing with what seems right or natural 违反直觉的
10 trace n. a very small amount 微量
12
13
supplant
sensationalism
as a law or rule)
巍
v. to take the place of
n. the use of shocking details to cause a lot of
代替
（指行文或
excitement or interest 报道）耸人
张
听闻
14 slant n. a peculiar or personal point of view, attitude, 偏见
or opinion
：
15 stave off NA 避免
16 supersede v. to replace (someone or something) 取代
17 halt n. the stopping or ending of movement, 停止
号
progress, or action
18 vice versa NA 反之亦然
19 assert v. the demonstrate the existence of 声称
众
20 self-perpetuating a. continuing without any outside influence 自我持续的

22 uncover v. to allow (something) to be seen by removing 揭露
公
a covering
23 ponderous （文章或谈
a. very boring or dull 话）冗长乏
味的
信
24 empirical a. based on testing or experience 以观察或实

验为依据的
25 laudatory a. expressing or containing praise （文章或言
微
谈）表示赞
美的
26 deify v. to treat like a god or goddess 神化
27 personage n. an important or famous person 名人
65

29 aggrandize v. to make great or greater 夸大;吹捧;
30 aerial a. taken or seen from an airplane 空中的
31 gigantic a. extremely large 庞大的
RE
a. able to be seen : clearly shown or visible 明显的
painful
34 undercut v. to make weaker or less effective 削弱
G
understand
师
36 tangible a. able to be touched or felt 可触摸的
37 palpable a. capable of being touched or felt 摸得着的
老
describe, etc.
39 nettlesome a. causing vexation 恼人的
40 incontrovertible a. not able to be doubted or questioned 不容置疑的
42 archaic 巍
a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to
ancient times
过时的，旧
的
张
44 divisive a. causing a lot of disagreement between 引起分歧的
people and causing them to separate into
different groups
：
45 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen 悲观

in the future
46 unintelligible a. impossible to understand 难以理解
号
的；难懂的
众
公
信
微
66
Section 34
1 epic a. very great or large and usually difficult or 宏大的
impressive
3 heroic a. having or showing great courage 英勇的
RE
4 harrowing a.very distressing or painful 令人伤心的
G
7 irony n. a situation that is strange or funny because 讽刺
things happen in a way that seems to be the
opposite of what you expected
师
8 provincial a. having narrow or limited concerns or interests 狭隘
9 confinement n. the act of confining someone or something 限制
10 contingent a. depending on something else that might or might 依情况而定
老
not happen 的
11 beset v. to cause problems or difficulties for (someone or 困扰
something)
神圣的
12
13
sacrosanct
foreordained
criticized, etc. 巍
a. too important and respected to be changed,
预先注定
14 humility n. the quality or state of not thinking you are better 谦恭
张
than other people
15 inflated a. too large or high （价格）过
高的
：
16 fastidious a. showing or demanding excessive delicacy or 挑剔的

care
17 miracle n. a very amazing or unusual event, thing, or 奇迹
achievement
号
18 improvise v. to speak or perform without preparation 即兴创作

19 oversell v. to praise (something or someone) too much 吹嘘过度
20 seclusion n. the act of placing or keeping someone away 隔绝
众
from other people

21 opulence wealth, affluence 富裕
22 enormity n. great size 庞大
公
23 venue n. the place where an event takes place 聚集地点

25 ascetic a. relating to having a strict and simple way of 禁欲的
信
living that avoids

physical pleasure
27 ramification n. something that is the result of an action, 后果
微
decision, etc.
28 leach v. to remove or remove from by the action of a 过滤
liquid passing through a substance
29 replenish v. to fill or build up (something) again 补充
67
31 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to stop 暂缓

doing something that is difficult or unpleasant or
when something difficult or unpleasant stops or is
delayed
33 worrisome a. causing people to worry 令人不安的
34 stubborn a. refusing to change your ideas or to stop doing 固执的
RE
something
35 intractable a. not easily managed, controlled, or solved 难驾驭的
36 peer n. a person who belongs to the same age group or 同辈
social group as someone else
G
37 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; difficult 不透明的；
to understand or explain 难懂的
38 alleviate v. to make less painful, difficult, or severe 减轻
师
39 block v. to stop (someone or something) from moving 阻碍
through or going by
40 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示
老
41 portend v. to give an omen or anticipatory sign of 预示
slow or difficult
43 paradox 巍
悖论

张
：
号
众
公
信
微
68
Section 35
1 marvel n. someone or something that is extremely good, 奇迹
skillful, etc.
2 medieval a. of or relating to the Middle Ages 中古的
a. very old : too old to be useful or acceptable 过时的
3 dead end NA 僵局
RE
4 exemplar a. extremely good and deserving to be admired and 典型
copied
5 glorify v. to honor or praise 赞颂
6 dilution n. something (such as a solution) that is diluted 稀释
G
7 antithesis n. the exact opposite of something or someone 对立
8 chronological a. arranged in the order that things happened or 按发生时间
师
came to be 顺序排列的
9 paucity n. an amount that is less than what is needed or 缺乏
wanted
老
11 transparency n. the quality or state of being transparent 透明
12 mishandle v. to deal with or manage wrong or ignorantly 错误地处理
13
14
bolster
forestall
巍
v. to give support to (something)
v. to stop (something) from happening or to cause
(something) to happen at a later time
支持
预先阻止

张
16 arrest v. to stop the progress or movement of 阻止
v. to use the power of the law to take and keep 逮捕
v. to attract and hold the attention of 吸引
：
17 escalate v. to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, 使逐步上升

intensity, or scope
18 controversy n. argument that involves many people who strongly 公开辩论
号
disagree about something

19 eyewitness n. a person who sees something happen and is able 目击证人
to describe it
20 perish v. to disappear or be destroyed 毁灭
众

公
that is not true

23 distinctive a. having a quality or characteristic that makes a 与众不同的
person or thing
信
different from others

24 succession n. the act of getting a title or right after the person 继承权
who had that title or right before you has died or is
no longer able or allowed to have it
微
25 embellish v. to decorate (something) by adding special details 润色

and features: to make (something) more appealing
or attractive
26 anchor v. to be the strongest and most important part of （使）固定
(something)
27 tenuous a. very thin 稀薄的
69
a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, weak, or 站不住脚的

uncertain
29 marginal a. not very important 不重要的
a. not included in the main part of society or of a 边缘的
group
30 profound a. coming from, reaching to, or situated at a depth 意义深远的
RE
a. difficult to understand 深奥的
a. having or showing great knowledge or 渊博的
understanding
31 articulate v/a. to give clear and effective utterance to 清楚说明(的)
G
32 extirpate v. to destroy or remove completely 根除
师
needed)
34 devalue v. to cause (something or someone) to seem or to 贬低
be less valuable or important
老
35 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or something) too low 轻视
36 deflate v. to reduce or cause to contract 减少…的重要
性
37 soothe v. relieve, alleviate 巍
v. by please by or as if by attention or concern
缓和
平息
38 insidious a. causing harm in a way that is gradual or not 潜在的
张
easily noticed
39 innocuous a. producing no injury: harmless 无害的
a. not likely to give offense or to arouse strong 平淡乏味的
：
feelings or hostility: inoffensive, insipid

41 aberrant a. deviating from the usual or natural type 反常的
号
42 efficacious a. having the power to produce a desired result or （药、措施

effect 等）有效的
43 placid a. not easily upset or excited 平和的
众
44 daunting a. tending to make people afraid or less confident 令人畏惧的

45 forbidding a. having a frightening or threatening appearance 令人生畏的
公
信
微
70
Section 36
1 grateful a. feeling or showing thanks 感激的
2 attorney n. one who is legally appointed to transact 律师
business on another's behalf
3 general a. involving, applicable to, or affecting the whole 普遍的
a. not specific 笼统的
RE
n. a military officer ranking above a colonel 上将
4 misfeasance n. the performance of a lawful action in an illegal 不法行为
or improper manner
5 diffident a. lacking confidence 缺乏自信的
G
a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of 踌躇的
self-confidence
师
7 implacable a. opposed to someone or something in a very 无法安抚的
angry or determined way that cannot be changed
老
8 tenacious a. very determined to do something 顽强的;坚决
的
10 salutary
巍
a. having a good or helpful result especially after
something unpleasant has happened
有益的

张
12 sequential a. of, relating to, or arranged in a particular order 顺序的
：
or sequence
13 bewildering a. extremely confusing or difficult to understand 让人困惑的
14 assault n. a violent physical or verbal attack 袭击
号
15 impediment n. something that interferes with movement or 妨碍

progress
16 nonchalance n. the state of being relaxed and free from 无动于衷，
concern or excitement 冷淡
众
17 naiveté n. the state or quality of being inexperienced or 天真无邪

unsophisticated
18 tweak v. to make usually small adjustments in or to 对…作微调
公
19 tilt n. slant, bias 倾斜

20 entrench v. to place (someone or something) in a very 使处于牢固
strong position that cannot easily be changed 地位
信
21 incentive n. something that encourages a person to do 刺激

something or to work harder
微

a law or rule)
威等）
71
26 confound v. to surprise and confuse (someone or 使混淆

something)
v. to prove (someone or something) wrong 证明…有误
dishonest or untrue
28 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen 悲观
in the future
RE
29 unintelligible a. impossible to understand 难以理解
的；难懂的
31 unfounded a. not based on facts or proof 莫须有的
G
32 pious a. deeply religious: devoted to a particular 虔诚的
religion
师
a. falsely appearing to be good or moral 爱说教的
33 preachy a. trying to teach something (such as proper or 爱讲道的
moral behavior) in a way that is annoying or
unwanted
老
34 querulous a. complaining in an annoyed way 爱唠叨的
35 sanctimonious a. pretending to be morally better than other 假装（比别
people 人）圣洁的
36
37
38
disingenuous
plaintive
fiery
巍
a. not truly honest or sincere
a. expressing suffering or sadness
a. full of or exuding emotion or spirit
不真诚的
悲伤的
热烈的
张
a. easily provoked 暴躁的
39 genteel a. having a quietly appealing or polite quality 有礼貌的
40 bumbling a. lacking physical movement skills, especially 笨手笨脚
：
with the hands 的；常出错

的
号
42 impassioned a. showing or feeling very strong emotions 热情的

43 tinker v. to try to repair or improve something (such as 小修;小补
a machine) by making small changes or
众
adjustments to it
45 reserved a. restrained in words and actions 话少的，保
公
守的
46 prototypical a. having the typical qualities of a particular 模范的；典
group or kind of person or thing: very typical 型的
爱争吵的
信
47 cantankerous often angry and annoyed

49 garrulous a. tending to talk a lot: very talkative 话多的
微
Section 37
1 imprudence the quality or state of being imprudent 轻率
72
3 promise n. an indication of future success or 希望

improvement
4 redundancy n. a word, phrase, etc., that repeats something 冗长
else and is therefore unnecessary
5 ballyhoo v. talk or writing that is designed to get people 吹嘘；大肆
excited or interested in something 宣扬
6 quip n. something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric 俏皮话, 妙
RE
语
7 pensive a. quietly sad or thoughtful 深思的
8 droll a. having an odd and amusing quality 滑稽的
9 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who 对痛苦的默
G
accepts what happens without complaining or 默承受或泰
showing emotion
然处之；坚
师
忍
care
老
11 congeniality n. friendly concern, interest, and support 同性质
13 discount v. to think of (something) as having little 低估
14
15
emulate
egalitarian
巍
importance or value
v. to try to be like
a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc.
模仿
平等主义的
16 regal a. of, relating to, or suitable for a king or queen 皇家的
张
17 ogre n. someone or something that is very frightening, 恶魔
cruel, or difficult to deal with
：

号

19 hypocritical a. characterized by behavior that contradicts 虚伪的
what one claims to believe or feel
20 visionary a. of or relating to something that is seen or 空想的
众
imagined in a dream or vision

a. having or showing clear ideas about what 有远见的
should happen or be done in the future
21 profitmonger / 唯利是图的
公
人
22 innocent a. lacking or reflecting a lack of sophistication, 天真无邪的
guile, or self-consciousness
信
23 inertial a. lacking of movement or activity especially 不活泼的

when movement or activity is wanted or needed
24 calculated a. carefully planned for a particular and often 精心策划的
微
improper purpose
25 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional 激进的
or ordinary
26 opprobrious a. deserving or bringing disgrace or shame 极无礼的
27 platitudinous a. having the characteristics of a platitude 陈腐的
73
28 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or argue 好斗的

31 supercilious a. having or showing the proud and unpleasant 傲慢的
attitude of people who think that they are better
or more important than other people
RE
32 polarize v. to cause (people, opinions, etc.) to separate 使分化
into opposing groups
33 conciliatory a. willing to end a disagreement with someone 愿意和解的
34 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or greater 夸大（某
G
than it really is 事）
35 counterintuitive a. not agreeing with what seems right or natural 违反直觉的
师
36 mixed a. combining characteristics of more than one 混合的
kind
a. including or accompanied by inconsistent, 前后不一致
老
incompatible, or contrary elements 的
37 inconsistent a. not compatible with another fact or claim 前后不一致
的
38
39
extroverted
indispensable
巍
a. being a gregarious and unreserved person
a. extremely important and necessary

外向性的，
喜社交的
不可或缺的
张
40 conscientious a. very careful about doing what you are 认真负责的
supposed to do
41 salient a. very important or noticeable 显著的，重
要的
：
42 restorative a. having the ability to make a person feel strong 恢复健康的

or healthy again
43 tonic a. increasing or restoring physical or mental tone 恢复健康的
号

威等）
众
45 overshadow v. to exceed in importance 超越

公
信
微
74
Section 38
2 dilemma n. a situation in which you have to make a 进退两难
difficult choice
3 rigorous a. very strict and demanding 缜密的;
RE
5 blatant a. very obvious and offensive 明目张胆的
6 worldly a. of or relating to the human world and ordinary 世俗的
life rather than to religious or spiritual matters
7 ethos n. the distinguishing character, sentiment, moral 道德思想
G
nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or
institution
师
8 idealism n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is 理想主义
possible to live according to very high standards
老
11 gravity
巍
n. an obvious or trite comment
n. a very serious quality or condition: the
condition of being grave or serious
陈腔滥调
严肃
12 tempting a. having an appeal: enticing 诱人的

张
13 thrilling a. exciting and enjoyable 令人兴奋的
14 irritating a. causing irritation or annoyance 气人的
15 diverting a. providing amusement or entertainment 有趣的
：
16 compelling a. strong and forceful 引人入胜的

17 unflinching a. not flinching or shrinking: steadfast, 无所畏惧的
uncompromising
号
18 slapdash a. quick and careless 草率的

by studying
众
20 augur v. to foretell especially from omens 预示

21 nondescript a. not easily described: having no special or 无明显特征
interesting qualities, parts, etc. : typical and 的
uninteresting
公
22 hostility n. an unfriendly or hostile state, attitude, or 敌意

action
23 intoxication n. a strong excitement or elation 陶醉
信
24 supplant v. to take the place of 代替

26 debut n. the first time an actor, musician, athlete, etc., 初次露面,出
微
does something in public or for the public 道

27 propitious a. likely to have or produce good results 吉祥的
28 conspicuous a. very easy to see or notice 显而易见的
29 equivocal a. having two or more possible meanings 模棱两可的
30 accountability n. the quality or state of being accountable 责任制
75
31 disarray n. a lack of order or sequence 混乱

32 unruly a. difficult to control 任性;难驾驭
33 warble v. to sing a melody of low pleasing sounds 用柔和的颤
声唱
34 improvise v. to speak or perform without preparation 即兴创作
35 shriek v. to make a loud, high-pitched cry 尖叫
RE
36 croon v. to sing (a song) in a low soft voice 低声吟唱
37 caterwaul v. to make a very loud and unpleasant sound 尖声怪叫
38 bleaker a. not hopeful or encouraging 没有希望的
39 overture n. a piece of music played at the start of an 前奏曲
G
opera, a musical play, etc.
40 undercut v. to make (something) weaker or less effective 削弱
预料
师
41 anticipate v. to think of (something that will or might happen
in the future)
v. to do something before someone el 先于…行动
42 prefigure v. to show or suggest something that will happen 预兆
老
or exist at a future time
43 scandal n. an occurrence in which people are shocked 丑闻
44
45
accent
connotation
legally wrong
巍
v. to pronounce (part of a word) with greater
stress or force
n. an idea or quality that a word makes you think
强调
内涵
张
about in addition to its meaning
46 maintain v. to cause to exist or continue without changing 保持
v. to affirm in or as if in argument 断言
：

号
众
公
信
微
76
Section 39
1 zenith n. the highest point or stage 顶点
2 brute a. typical of beasts: like that of a beast 野蛮的
3 jarring a. making or causing a harsh and irritating sound 不和谐的
4 gratifying a. giving pleasure or satisfaction 令人满足的
RE
hostility
6 evocative a. bringing thoughts, memories, or feelings into 唤起的
the mind
7 polemical a. of, relating to, or being a polemic: 挑起争端的
G
controversial
8 edifying a. instructive or informative in a way that 有启发意义
师
improves the mind or character 的
10 transcend v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of 超越
老
(something)
painful
13 indiscriminate
巍
shame
a. not careful in making choices 不加判断的
张
14 iconoclastic a. attacking settled beliefs or institutions 打破旧习的
15 temperate a. marked by moderation 温和的
16 culpability n. responsibility for wrongdoing or failure 有罪
：
17 fret n. an irritated or worried state 焦急

19 triviality n. something that is not important 无足轻重
号
20 stagnate v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: 停滞

21 resonate v. to have particular meaning or importance for 有特殊意义
someone
众
v. to relate harmoniously 一致
22 outlandish a. very strange or unusual: extremely different 奇异的
from what is normal or expected
公
23 intangible n. that does not exist as a physical thing but is （指企业资

still valuable to a company 产）无形的
24 frenzy n. great and often wild or uncontrolled activity 狂暴
信
25 roil v. to upset (someone or something) very much: 使烦恼

to cause (someone or something) to become
very agitated or disturbed
微
27 torpor n. a state of not being active and having very 麻木;迟钝
little energy
28 conservatism n. dislike of change or new ideas in a particular 守旧
area
77
29 pitfall n. a danger or difficulty that is hidden or is not 陷阱

easily recognized
30 sway v. to exert a building or controlling influence on 动摇
31 defy v. to confront with assured power of resistance 公然反抗;不
服从
as unimportant
RE
33 sweeping a. including or involving many things 影响广泛的
34 meager a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不
happiness 足的
35 repertoire n. all the plays, songs, dances, etc., that a 全部节目
G
performer or group of performers knows and can
perform
师
36 idle a. not having any real purpose or value 无意义的
37 thwart v. to prevent (someone) from doing something or 阻碍
38 renowned a. widely acclaimed and highly honored 享有声誉
老
的，有名的
39 anonymous a. not named or identified 匿名的;无名
的
40 obscure 巍
a. not well-known: not known to most people
a. difficult to understand: likely to be understood
不出名的
深奥难懂的
张
with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something) : to be in front of 掩盖，使模
：

41 rehash v. to present again in a slightly different form 一味的重复
号
众
公
信
微
78
Section 40
2 underestimate v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
actual size, quantity, or number
3 espouse v. to express support for (a cause, belief, etc.) 支持
RE
4 impediment v. something that makes it difficult to do or 妨碍
complete something: something that interferes
with movement or progress
G
earlier time
6 rationale n. an underlying reason 根本原因
师
7 delegate n. a person who is chosen or elected to vote or 代表
act for others
8 liken v. to describe as similar to: compare 比拟
老
10 sophistication n. the process or result of becoming more 复杂巧妙
complex, developed, or subtle
11
12
hectic
compulsive
巍
a. very busy and filled with activity
a. having power to compel
繁忙的
强迫性的
张
14 guarded a. very careful about giving information, showing 谨慎的，有
feelings, etc. 保留的
15 dilatory a. causing a delay 拖拉的
：
16 irritation n. the act of making annoyed or sore and 激怒，恼怒

sensitive
17 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示，预兆
号

painful
19 duplicate v. to make an exact copy of 复制
众

21 pertain v. to relate to someone or something: to have a 有关
connection to a person or thing
公
22 blind alley / 行不通的方

法；死胡同
23 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical 扩大（声
信
instrument) louder by increasing the strength of 音）

electric signals
24 misrepresent v. to describe (someone or something) in a false 不实报道
way especially in order to deceive someone
微
25 particularize v. to give specific details or examples of 逐一叙述

(something)
26 transparency n. the quality or state of being transparent 透明
尽无遗
79

的
RE
30 malfeasance n. illegal or dishonest activity especially by a 不法行为
public official or a corporation
31 incompetence n. lack of the ability to do something well 不胜任
32 fraudulence n. the quality or state of being fraudulent 欺诈
G
34 hysteria n. a state in which your emotions (such as fear) 歇斯底里
师
are so strong that you behave in an uncontrolled
way
35 impulsive a. doing things or tending to do things suddenly 冲动的
and without careful thought
老
37 backhanded a. not direct or sincere （恭维话）
38 paltry
巍
a. very small or too small in amount; having little
meaning, importance, or worth
讽刺挖苦的
微小的;不重
要的
张
39 heartfelt a. deeply felt : very sincere 诚挚的
40 meager a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不
happiness 足的
：
41 hitherto adv. until now : before this time 迄今为止

42 implacable a. opposed to someone or something in a very 无法安抚的
angry or determined way that cannot be changed
43 unyielding a. not changing or stopping 顽强不屈的
号
44 impeccable a. free from fault or error 无瑕疵的,完

美的
45 unqualified a. not modified or restricted by reservations: 无限制的
众
complete
46 impartiality n. treating all people and groups equally: not 公正
partial or biased
公
信
微
80
Section 41
1 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden 自发的
criticize and laugh at someone or something in
an insulting way
RE
3 sacrosanct a. too important and respected to be changed, 神圣的
criticized, etc.
5 malleable a. capable of being easily changed or influenced 可塑的
G
people
7 autonomous a. having the power or right to govern itself 有自主权的
师
8 salutary a. having a good or helpful result especially after 有益的
老
10 sequential a. of, relating to, or arranged in a particular order 顺序的
or sequence
11
12
13
inevitable
reclusive
clergyman
a. sure to happen 巍
a. seeking solitude: retiring from society
n. a man who is a member of the clergy
必然的
隐居的
牧师
张
especially in a Christian church
14 melancholy n. a sad mood or feeling 悲哀，忧郁
15 hamper v. to slow the movement, progress, or action of 妨碍
：
16 trigger v. to cause to start or happen 引发

号
other
19 inspection n. the act of examining closely or officially 检验;检查
20 ogre n. someone or something that is very frightening, 恶魔
cruel, or difficult to deal with
众
21 hypocritic a. characterized by behavior that contradicts 虚伪的

what one claims to believe or feel
公

23 profitmonger / 唯利是图的
信
人
24 innocent a. lacking or reflecting a lack of sophistication, 天真无邪的
guile, or self-consciousness
微
25 inertial a. lacking of movement or activity especially 不活泼的

when movement or activity is wanted or needed
26 wrest v. to take (something) from someone with much 夺取
effort
27 douse v. extinguish 熄灭
28 perpetuate v. to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely 使……永存
81
29 secure v. to get secure usually lasting possession or 获得

control of
adj. protected from danger or harm 安全的
31 assiduous a. showing great care, attention, and effort 勤勉的
32 stupefaction n. the state of being stupefied 麻木状态
RE
34 incredulity n. a feeling that you do not or cannot believe or 怀疑
accept that something is true or real
35 certitude n. the state of being or feeling certain: freedom 确信
from doubt
G
36 arguably adv. as may be argued or shown by argument 可以说是
师
moral character
38 allege v. to state as fact but without proof 断言，宣称
39 pharmaceutical a. of or relating to the production and sale of 制药的，配
drugs and medicine
老
药的
40 unimpeachable a. very reliable and trusted: not able to be 无可指责的
doubted or questioned
ingenuity 巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
82
Section 42
1 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or 等同于
effect
2 vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到
criticism or censure 的责难或嫌
疑的）澄清
RE
3 proscription n. the act of proscribing 禁止，剥夺
权利
4 ministration a. assistance in time of difficulty 帮助
5 valediction n. n. an act of bidding farewell 告别
G
6 exculpate v. to prove that someone is not guilty of doing 使无罪，辩
something wrong 解
师
老
9 redundancy n. a word, phrase, etc., that repeats something 冗长
else and is therefore unnecessary
10 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is surprising 怪异的
or difficult to understand
11
12
supersede
emergent
巍
v. to replace (someone or something)
a. newly formed or prominent
取代
新兴的；处
于发展初期
张
的
dishonest or untrue
：

15 contiguous a. touching or connected throughout in an 邻近的，接
unbroken sequence 壤的
号
16 tract n. an indefinite stretch of land 大片土地

17 virgin a. not changed from a natural or original 原始的;未使
condition: not affected by human activity 用的
众
18 isolated a. separate from others 隔离的

19 anthropogenic a. of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of 人类活动产
human beings on nature 生的
公

21 self-defeating a. serving or tending to defeat oneself or itself 弄巧成拙
的，不利于
信
自己的企图
的
22 self-aggrandizing a. acting or intended to enhance one's power, 自我扩张的
微
wealth, position, or reputation

23 self-perpetuating a. capable of continuing or renewing oneself 自我持续的
indefinitely
24 elude v. to avoid or escape (someone or something) by 逃避
being quick, skillful, or clever
83

尽无遗
26 breeze n. a light gentle wind 微风
27 sour a. having the unpleasant taste or smell of food （馊了有）
that is no longer fresh 酸味的
28 brackish a. somewhat salty 咸的
RE
29 malodorous a. having a bad smell 恶臭的
30 toxic a. containing poisonous substances 有毒的
31 redolent a. having a strong smell: full of a fragrance or 有强烈气味
odor 的;
G
a. causing thoughts or memories of something 使人联想或
回想起某事
师
物的
33 anodyne a. serving to ease pain 镇痛的
老
34 noisome a. offensive to the senses and especially to the 恶臭的，令
sense of smell 人讨厌的
35 warble v. to sing a melody of low pleasing sounds 用柔和的颤
36
37
improvise
shriek
巍
v. to speak or perform without preparation
v. to make a loud, high-pitched cry
声唱
即兴创作
尖叫
张
38 croon v. to sing (a song) in a low soft voice 低声吟唱
39 caterwaul v. to make a very loud and unpleasant sound 尖声怪叫
40 naiveté n. the state or quality of being inexperienced or 天真无邪
：
unsophisticated
41 supremacy n. the quality or state of having more power, 霸权;至高无
authority, or status than anyone else: the state of 上
being supreme
号
42 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的

candidness
a. lacking craft or subtlety 真诚的
众

要的
公
45 pecuniary a. of or relating to money 金钱的

46 selfless a. showing great concern for and willingness to 无私的
give unselfishly to others
信

practical
微
84
Section 43
1 experimental a. relating to a scientific experiment or to 实验的
scientific experiments in
general
a. using a new way of doing or thinking about 创新的
something
RE
2 formulaic a. being not original and having been used many 老套的，公
times before in similar situations 式化的
3 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利丰厚的
4 affection n. a feeling of liking and caring for someone or 喜爱
G
something
师
6 unbounded a. not limited in any way 无限的
7 capitulate v. to stop trying to fight or resist something: to 屈服
老
agree to do or accept something that you have
been resisting or opposing
9 monarchy 巍
n. a form of government in which a country is
ruled by a monarch or a country that is ruled by a
monarch (such as a king or queen)
君主制; 君
主制国家
张
10 counterpart n. someone or something that has the same job 对应的人或
or purpose as another 物
11 discount v. to lower the price of (a product) 减价
：
v. to think of (something) as having little 认为…不重

importance or value 要
号
admire)
people
众

公
15 regal a. of, relating to, or suitable for a king or queen 皇家的

16 cruelty n. the quality or state of causing or wanting to 残忍;虐待
cause suffering
信
17 folly n. a foolish act or idea 愚行;蠢笨

18 milieu n. the physical or social setting in which people 环境
live or in which something happens or develops
微

21 corrosive a. causing someone or something to become 腐蚀的，损
weak and damaged 害性的
85
22 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not think it 避免

is right, proper, etc.
24 ceded to / 割让，放弃
25 repertoire n. all the plays, songs, dances, etc., that a 全部节目
performer or group of performers knows and can
perform
RE
26 idle a. not having any real purpose or value 无意义的
27 thwart v. to prevent (someone) from doing something or 阻碍
28 renowned a. widely acclaimed and highly honored 享有声誉
G
的，有名的
29 anonymous a. not named or identified 匿名的;无名
师
的
a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
老
30 obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
31 rudimentary a. basic or simple

巍
a. not very developed or advanced

糊
基本的
发育不完全
张
的
32 accountability n. the quality or state of being accountable 责任制
33 disarray n. a lack of order or sequence 混乱
：
34 unruly a. difficult to control 任性;难驾驭

35 wan a. looking sick or pale 苍白的，没
有血色的
号
36 deteriorate v. to make (something) worse 恶化，变坏

众
公
信
微
86
Section 44
2 a priori / 推理的
3 vitiate v. to make (something) less effective: to ruin or 破坏
spoil (something)
RE
or something)
5 worldly a. of or relating to the human world and ordinary 世俗的
life rather than to religious or spiritual matters
G
6 ethos n. the distinguishing character, sentiment, moral 道德思想
nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or
institution
师
7 idealism n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is 理想主义
possible to live according to very high standards
老
10
11
disseminate
molder
go to many people
巍
v. to cause (something, such as information) to
v. to rot slowly especially from not being used: to

散布
腐朽
decay slowly
张
12 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中
an indifferent attitude or feeling 立
：
14 detriment a. causing damage or injury 有害的

15 inexorable a. not able to be stopped or changed 不可动摇的
16 in hindsight / 事后诸葛亮
号

众
19 disgorge v. to let out or release 排出
公
21 surplus n. an amount left over 过剩

22 proximity n. the state of being near 接近
信
(something)
25 furtive a. done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being 鬼鬼祟祟的
noticed
微
26 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分

的
28 stratified a. divided into different classes or social layers 按层级划分
的
87

something)
30 perplex v. to confuse (someone) very much 使迷惑
31 extroverted a. being a gregarious and unreserved person 外向性的，
喜社交的
RE
33 conscientious a. very careful about doing what you are 认真负责的
supposed to do
要的
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
88
Section 45
1 anew adv. over again 重新
2 truism n. a true statement that is very commonly heard 不言而喻的
道理
3 provocation n. something that provokes, arouses, or 刺激
stimulates
RE
n. something that causes anger 激怒
4 valediction n. n. an act of bidding farewell 告别
5 affection n. a feeling of liking and caring for someone or 喜爱
something
G
师
7 gossamer n. a very light or delicate material 虚无缥缈的
东西
吉祥物
老
8 mascot n. a person, animal, or object adopted as the
symbol of a group (as a school or sports team)
and believed to bring good luck
9 contrivance n. something that causes things to happen in a 想出的办法
10 self-conscious
巍
story in a way that does not seem natural or
believable
a. uncomfortably nervous about or embarrassed 害羞的，不
by what other people think about you 自然的
张
11 flit v. to move or fly quickly from one place or thing 轻快地掠过
to another
12 whim n. a sudden wish, desire, decision, etc. 突然的念头
：
13 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧

ancient times 的
14 robust a. strong and healthy 结实的
号
15 repudiation n. the act of repudiating: the state of being 否认

repudiated
众
admire)
17 misrepresent v. to give a false or misleading idea of 歪曲
公
shame
19 albeit conj. even though 虽然
信

21 culpability n. responsibility for wrongdoing or failure 有罪
22 indiscriminate a. not careful in making choices 不加判断的
微

25 offish a. lacking cordiality 疏远的
27 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利多的
89
28 monotonous a. tediously uniform or unvarying （声音，话

语）单调的
的事或想得
之物）
30 dampen v. to make (something) less strong or active 减弱，抑制
RE
(热情、激
动等)
31 jockey v. to maneuver or manipulate by adroit or 运用手段谋
devious means 利
G
32 convolution n. something that is very complicated and 错综复杂
difficult to understand
33 detriment n. something that will cause damage or injury to 损害
师
precedent a. a similar action or event that happened at an 在先的
34 earlier time
老
37
38
slump
scandal
巍
v. to decrease suddenly and by a large amount
n. an occurrence in which people are shocked
暴跌
丑闻
legally wrong
张
：

42 counterforce n. a force that opposes another force 反击力
43 concomitant n. something that happens at the same time as 伴随发生的
号
something else 事
a. happening at the same time as something 同时发生的
else
众

powerful people (such as government officials or
police officers)
公
46 intrigue n. the activity of making secret plans 密谋

47 trove n. a valuable collection 金银财宝
48 slight v. to offend or insult 蔑视
信
a. very small in degree or amount 微不足道的

49 laud v. to praise (someone or something) 赞美
微
something)
51 commend v. to praise (someone or something) in a serious 推荐
and often public way
52 sway v. to exert a building or controlling influence on 动摇
90

服从
as unimportant
55 slumber v. sleep 睡眠
56 reception n. the act or process of receiving, welcoming, or 接待
accepting something or someone
RE
58 somnolent a. of a kind likely to induce sleep 瞌睡的
59 impartial a. not partial or biased: treating or affecting all 公平的
equally
G
60 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of interest in 昏睡的
doing things
师
61 laconic a. using few words in speech or writing 言简意赅的
老
64 accede to / 同意
65 meddle with / 乱动（他人
之物）
66 square with /
巍与…相符
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
91
Section 46
1 rigorous a. very strict and demanding 缜密的;
4 unorthodox a. different from what is usually done or 非正统的
RE
accepted
5 sophisticated a. highly developed and complex 复杂的
6 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a problem 应急办法
or do something
G
7 reminiscent a. thinking about the past 回忆往事的
a. reminding you of someone or something 使人联想…的
师
else: similar to something else
9 distinct a. different from each other 截然不同的
a. easy to notice or understand 明显的, 清楚
老
的
11
12
dictum
empirical
巍
n. a statement or well-known remark that
expresses an important idea or rule
a. based on testing or experience
格言
基于观察或经
张
验的
13 qualify v. to limit or modify the meaning of 限定
：
15 affirm v. to say that something is true in a confident 证实

way
16 peddle v. to try to get people to accept or believe 传播
号
(something)
17 doctrine n. a set of ideas or beliefs that are taught or 教条
believed to be true
18 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信
众
less effective usually in a secret or gradual 心、权威等）

way
19 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, 证实
theory, etc.) by providing information or
公
evidence
20 dispel v. to make (something, such as a belief, 驱逐
feeling, or idea) go away or end
信

22 cover up NA 掩饰，掩盖
微

24 cynical a. believing that people are generally selfish 认为人皆自私
and dishonest 的
92

27 coincide v. to happen at the same time as something 同时发生
else
v. to agree with something exactly: to be the 相符;与…一致
same as something else
28 posit v. to suggest (something, such as an idea or 假定
theory) especially in order to start a discussion
RE
29 concede v. to say that you accept or do not deny the 让步
truth or existence of (something): to admit
(something) usually in an unwilling way
30 ponder v. to think about or consider (something) 沉思
carefully
G
32 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有害的
师
33 restorative a. having the ability to make a person feel 恢复健康的
strong or healthy again
34 tonic a. increasing or restoring physical or mental 恢复健康的
老
tone
35 introspective a. characterized by examination of one's own 反省的
thoughts and feelings
36 reflective a. thinking carefully about something 反省性的, 深
37 concrete
巍
a. relating to or involving specific people,
things, or actions rather than general ideas or
思的
具体的
张
qualities
38 concise a. using few words: not including extra or 简明的
unnecessary information
：

40 collegiality n. the cooperative relationship of colleagues 共同掌权
41 eminence n. a person of high rank or achievements 显赫，卓越
号

众
公
信
微
93
Section 47
1 perennial a. existing or continuing in the same way for a 终年的
long time
2 lament v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness 悲叹
about something
3 poignant a. causing a strong feeling of sadness 尖锐的;辛酸
RE
的
4 condescending a. showing that you believe you are more 高人一等的
intelligent or better than other people
G
hostility
师
8 paradigmatic a. constituting, serving as, or worthy of being a 范例的
pattern to be imitated
老
10 supplementary a. added or serving as a supplement 增补的
11 qualification n. something that is added to a statement to limit 限制
12
13
hedge
reiterate
巍
or change its effect or meaning
v. to surround (an area) with a hedge
v. to repeat something you have already said in
受…的束缚
反复地做
张
order to emphasize it
：
17 render v. to cause (someone or something) to be in a 使成为

specified condition
18 enamor v. to cause (someone) to be loved or admired 使迷恋
号
19 heartbreaking a. causing great sadness, disappointment, etc. 令人心碎的

earlier time
众

公

earlier time
信

something
25 incentive n. something that encourages a person to do 刺激
something or to work harder
微
26 expeditious a. acting or done in a quick and efficient way 迅速完成的

27 pecuniary a. of or relating to money 金钱的
28 arbitrary a. done without concern for what is fair or right 武断的
94

33 scrupulous a. careful in doing what is right and proper 严谨的
34 mendacity n. lack of honesty: the condition of being 谎言
mendacious
35 artless a. not false or artificial 不做作的,自
RE
然的
37 tragedy n. a play, movie, etc., that is serious and has a 悲剧
G
sad ending
38 avert v. to prevent (something bad) from happening 避免
师
40 wrest v. to take (something) from someone with much 夺取
effort
老
or healthy again
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
95
Section 48
3 zealous a. feeling or showing strong and energetic 热情的
RE
support for a person, cause, etc.: filled with zeal
4 candid a. expressing opinions and feelings in an honest 直言不讳的
and sincere way
G
interest 趣的
师
criticize and laugh at someone or something in
an insulting way
老
criticized, etc.
11
12
egalitarian
autonomous
people
巍
a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all
a. having the power or right to govern itself

平等主义的
有自主权的
张
13 euphemism n. a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used 委婉说法
instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive
：

15 metaphor n. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻
号

众
尽无遗
18 glib a. speaking or spoken carelessly and often （演讲者或
insincerely 演讲) 油腔
公
滑调的
19 selective a. careful to choose only the best people or 精心选择的
things
信
20 veracity n. truth or accuracy 真实

21 vivacity n. the quality or state of being full of energy and 活泼
good spirits
22 contend v. to argue or state (something) in a strong and 声称
微
definite way
23 magnitude n. greatness of size or importance 量级
96
25 decouple v. to eliminate the interrelationship of （使两事

物）关系减
弱
26 inversion n. a change in the position, order, or relationship 倒置；颠倒
of things so that they are the opposite of what
they had been
27 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示，预兆
RE
painful
G
31 pertain v. to relate to someone or something: to have a 有关
connection to a person or thing
师
32 quell v. to end or stop (something) usually by using 镇压
force
33 chronological a. arranged in the order that things happened or 按发生时间
老
came to be 顺序排列的
35 multifarious a. of many and various kinds 多方面的
36
37
38
onerous
circumscribe
taxing
巍
a. difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with
v. to limit the size or amount of (something)
a. requiring a lot of effort, energy, etc.
繁重的
限制
费力的
张
39 accession n. the act of assenting or agreeing 同意，赞同
：

号
44 quiescence n. a state of quiet (but possibly temporary) 静止

inaction
45 turbulence n. a state of confusion, violence, or disorder 骚乱
46 isolation n. the state of being in a place or situation that is 隔离
众
separate from others

47 take issue with NA 提出异议，
否认
公

威等）
信
49 castigate v. to criticize (someone) harshly 严厉批评

50 chastise v. to criticize (someone) harshly for doing 批评；指责
something wrong
微

97
Section 49
1 synapse n. the point at which a nervous impulse passes （神经元
from one neuron to another 的）突触
uncertain
RE
3 sever v. to put or keep apart: divide 割断
4 ballyhoo v. talk or writing that is designed to get people 吹嘘；大肆
excited or interested in something 宣扬
G
5 quip n. something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric 俏皮话, 妙
语
6 pensive a. quietly sad or thoughtful 深思的
师
7 droll a. having an odd and amusing quality 滑稽的
8 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who 对痛苦的默
accepts what happens without complaining or 默承受或泰
老
showing emotion 然处之；坚
忍
10
11
congeniality
tout
care 巍
n. friendly concern, interest, and support
v. to talk about (something or someone) as being
同性质
吹捧
张
very good, effective, skillful, etc.
12 reclusive a. seeking solitude: retiring from society 隐居的
13 clergyman n. a man who is a member of the clergy 牧师
especially in a Christian church
：
14 melancholy n. a sad mood or feeling 悲哀，忧郁

号

18 exceptional a. better than average 杰出的
众

other
20 oversee v. to watch and direct (an activity, a group of 监督
公
workers, etc.) in order to be sure that a job is

done correctly
信
22 conducive a. making it easy, possible, or likely for 有助于…的

something to happen or exist
slow or difficult
微
24 devastate v. to destroy much or most of (something) : to 毁灭

cause great damage or harm to (something)
98

equally
30 deter v. to prevent (something) from happening 阻止
RE
worse
32 lament v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness 悲叹
about something
33 appraise v. to set a value on 估计
G
师
36 detract v. to take away (as from value or importance)
老
39 deprecatory a. seeking to avert disapproval: apologetic 不赞成的
40 coincide
巍
v. to happen at the same time as something else
v. to agree with something exactly: to be the
同时发生
相符;与…一
same as something else 致
张
41 posit v. to suggest (something, such as an idea or 假定
theory) especially in order to start a discussion
：

43 ponder v. to think about or consider (something) 沉思
号
carefully
众
公
信
微
99
Section 50
1 baffling a. extremely confusing or difficult to understand 令人困惑的
2 coincidence n. a situation in which events happen at the 巧合
same time in a way that is not planned or
expected
3 synergy n. the increased effectiveness that results when 协同作用
RE
two or more people or businesses work together
4 naivety n. the quality of lacking experience 天真
5 premise n. a statement or idea that is accepted as being 前提
true and that is used as the basis of an argument
G
6 credibility n. the quality of being believed or accepted as 可靠性
true, real, or honest
7 impotency n. the quality of lacking strength or power 无力
师
活动
老
confidence
11
12
13
galvanize
exasperate
uncanny
巍
v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock
v. to make (someone) very angry or annoyed
a. strange or unusual in a way that is surprising
激励
使恶化
怪异的
or difficult to understand
张
15 emergent a. newly formed or prominent 新兴的；处
于发展初期
：
的
dishonest or untrue
号
17 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or 相等的

effect
18 germane a. relating to a subject in an appropriate way 有关的
众

20 self-defeating a. serving or tending to defeat oneself or itself 弄巧成拙
的，不利于
公
自己的企图
的
信
22 self-perpetuating a. capable of continuing or renewing oneself 自我持续的

indefinitely
23 at a premium / 非常珍贵
微

25 utterance n. vocal expression 表达
27 by design by intention 有意地;故意
地
100
28 generality n. the quality or state of being general rather 概论

than specific or detailed
partial or biased
30 hamstring v. v. to damage or ruin the force or effectiveness 损害,使无能
of 为力
RE
32 impair v. to make weaker or worse 损害
34 beefy a. large, strong, and often fat （尤指男
子）健硕的
G
35 audacious a. very confident and daring: very bold and 大胆创新的
surprising or shocking
师
36 evasive a. not honest or direct 推托的
37 furtive a. done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being 鬼鬼祟祟的
noticed
难抓住的
老
38 elusive a. hard to find or capture
39 intrepid a. feeling no fear: very bold or brave 无畏的;勇敢
的
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
101
Section 51
1 fertility n. the ability to support the growth of many 肥沃
plants
3 impeachable v. to charge a public official formally with 弹劾
misconduct in office
RE
4 worrisome a. causing people to worry 令人不安的
5 flabbergast v. to shock or surprise (someone) very much 大吃一惊
7 prosaic a. dull or ordinary 乏味的
G
8 dissident a. disagreeing especially with an established 持不同政见者
religious or political system, organization, or
师
belief
9 discrepancy n. a difference especially between things that 差异
should be the same
10 infelicity n. inappropriate and unpleasing manner or style 不恰当的（言
老
(especially manner or style of expression) 语）
12 decay v. to be slowly destroyed by natural processes: 衰败
13 disparate
巍
to be slowly broken down by the natural
processes that destroy a dead plant or body
a. different from each other 不同的
张
15 unprecedent a. not done or experienced before 前所未有的
16 incorporate v. to include (something) as part of something 包含; 使并入
：
else
18 delineate v. to clearly show or describe (something) (详细地)描述
号
19 recast v. to present (something) in a different way 重组;改写

20 balk at / 回避
21 revel v. to take great pleasure 狂欢
众
22 retaliate v. to do something bad to someone who has 反击;复仇

hurt you or treated you badly
23 integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair; the state 诚实正直;完整;
公
of being complete or whole

25 a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
深奥难懂的
信
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood

obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
微
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of 掩盖，使模糊

27 indictment n. an official written statement charging a 公诉书;控告
person with a crime
102

progress
29 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or 地方性的
region
30 nomenclature n. a system of names for things especially in (尤指某学科的)
science 命名法
31 abet v. to actively second and encourage 煽动;怂恿
RE
(something, such as an activity or plan)
32 instigate v. to cause (something) to happen or begin 煽动;唆使
have no effect
G
34 impede v. to interfere with or slow the progress of 阻碍
35 municipality n. a primarily urban political unit having 自治市
corporate status and usually powers of self-
师
government
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
103
Section 52
1 cachet n. prestige; a characteristic feature or quality 威信;声望
conferring prestige
2 wisdom n. knowledge that is gained by having many (社会或文
experiences in life; 化长期积累
的)知识
RE
n. (the ability to use your experience and 智慧;
knowledge to make)good sense or judgment
3 certitude n. the state of being or feeling certain: freedom 确信
from doubt
G
4 prestige n. the respect and admiration that someone or 威望
something gets for being successful or important
5 integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair; the state of 诚实正直;
师
being complete or whole 完整;
6 humility n. the quality or state of not thinking you are 谦恭
better than other people
老
8 propitiate v. to make (someone) pleased or less angry by 抚慰
giving or saying something desired
9
10
accentuate
augment
巍
v. to make (something) more prominent or
noticeable: accent, emphasize
v. to increase the size or amount of (something)
强调
增加
堵塞
张
11 occlude v. to close up or block off
12 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示
13 fraud n. the crime of using dishonest methods to take 骗子
something valuable from another person;
：
n. a person who pretends to be what he or she is

not in order to trick people
号
15 unassuming a. not having or showing a desire to be noticed, 谦逊的

praised, etc.
16 stun v. to surprise or upset (someone) very much 使震惊
众
17 elated a. very happy and excited 兴高采烈的

18 gullible a. easily fooled or cheated 易上当的
19 precursor n. something that comes before something else 先驱
and that often leads to or influences its
公
development
20 bountiful a. given or provided abundantly; 大量的
a. liberal or generous in bestowing gifts or favors 慷慨的
信

22 permanent a. lasting or continuing for a very long time or 永恒的
forever : not temporary or changing
微
23 corrupt v. to cause (someone or something) to become 使腐败

dishonest, immoral, etc.
24 norm n. standards of proper or acceptable behavior; 标准;
n. something (such as a behavior or way of doing 常态;正常
something) that is usual or expected 行为
104
25 eternal a. seeming to last forever 永恒的

26 precious a. very valuable or important 珍贵的
27 profess v. to say or declare (something) openly 宣称
28 a far cry / 大相径庭的
30 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something : 漠不关心;
an indifferent attitude or feeling
RE
中立
31 suppress v. to end or stop (something) by force 压制
32 incite v. to cause (someone) to act in an angry, harmful, 煽动;鼓动
or violent way
G
something
34 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a 产出
师
plant or crop)
35 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient like (给无实际
老
a drug but that has no physical effect on the 治疗需要者
patient 的)安慰剂
36 inert a. unable or slow to move or react 迟钝的;无
37
38
capricious
chimerical
巍
a. changing often and quickly
a. existing only as the product of unchecked
生气的
变化多的
空想的;荒
张
imagination 诞的
40 extraction n. the act or process of getting something by 提取;提炼;
：
pulling it out, forcing it out, etc.

41 inception n. the time at which something begins 开端，创始
42 gargantuan a. tremendous in size, volume, or degree 巨大的;庞
大的
号
43 juvenile a. unpleasantly childish 未成年的;

幼稚的;
44 diminutive a. very small 小的
众
45 minuscule a. very small 非常小的

公
信
微
105
Section 53
1 steer v. to guide or change the direction of something 引导
2 stringent a. very strict or severe 严格的
describe, etc.
RE
5 compliant a. willing to do whatever you are asked or 遵从的
ordered to do
G
7 rarefy v. to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense 使稀薄
师
a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of 踌躇的
self-confidence
9 diligent a. showing steady and earnest care and hard 勤勉的
老
work
10 timidity n. feeling or showing a lack of courage or 胆小
confidence
11 assertive a. confident in behavior or style 坚定自信的
12
13
punctilious
contagious
巍
a. very careful about behaving properly and
a. capable of being easily spread to others
谨小慎微的
有感染力的
张
decisions
：

17 decry v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard 谴责
号

19 idiosyncratic a. unusual 怪异的
众
20 itinerant a. traveling from place to place 巡回的

21 peripatetic a. going from place to place usually as part of 巡回工作的
your job
公

23 eloquent a. having or showing clear and forceful 口才流利的
expression
信
24 austere a. stern and cold in appearance or manner 简朴的

25 somber a. very sad and serious; being dark and gloomy 昏暗的
26 awkward a. likely to embarrass 令人尴尬的
微
a. not graceful （行动）笨

拙的
27 solemn a. very serious or formal in manner, behavior, or 冷峻的;表情
expression 严肃的
28 ungainly a. moving in an awkward or clumsy way : not 笨手笨脚的
graceful
106
29 controvert v. to dispute or oppose by reasoning 驳斥;反驳

30 buttress v. to support, strengthen, or defend (something) 支持
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
107
Section 54
1 bankruptcy n. the state of not having enough money to pay 破产
debts
2 omniscient a. knowing everything 无所不知的
3 abject a. low in spirit, strength, or hope 悲惨绝望的
4 estimable a. deserving respect 值得尊重的
RE
7 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something : 漠不关心;中立
G
8 arrogance n. an insulting way of thinking or behaving that 傲慢
comes from believing that you are better, smarter,
师
or more important than other people
9 trepidation n. a feeling of fear that causes you to hesitate 惊恐
because you think something bad or unpleasant is
going to happen
老
10 deficit n. a shortage especially in money 亏损
11 fallacious a. containing a mistake : not true or accurate 谬误的
12
13
ameliorate
dismiss
less painful, etc.
巍
v. to make (something, such as a problem) better,
v. to decide not to think about or consider

改善
不予考虑
(something or someone)
张
15 decipher v. to translate from secret or mysterious writing 破译
：
16 cumulative a. increasing (as in force, strength, amount, or 积累的

importance) over time
cheated
号
18 oversee v. to watch and direct (an activity, a group of 监督

workers, etc.) in order to be sure that a job is done
correctly
众
19 chronology n. a record of the order in which a series of events 年代学;

happened
20 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something) 放弃（想做的
事或想得之
公
物）
21 glean v. to gather or collect (something) in a gradual way 收集
22 supple a. able to bend or twist easily 易弯曲的
信
23 enormity n. great size 庞大

24 magnitude n. greatness of size or importance 量级
25 prestige n. the respect and admiration that someone or 威望
微
something gets for being successful or important

26 transmogrify v. to change or alter greatly and often with 使完全改变
grotesque or humorous effect
27 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of 自命不凡的
people who want to be regarded as more
108

really are
28 gigantic a. extremely large 庞大的
29 venerable a. deserving honor or respect 令人尊重的
30 snub v. to ignore or treat rudely on purpose 冷落
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
109
Section 55
1 adjunct n. something that is joined or added to another 附属物;附件
thing but is not an essential part of it
2 corollary n. something that naturally follows or results 必然的结果(或
from another thing 结论)
3 indulgent a. willing to allow someone to have or enjoy 沉溺;放纵
RE
something even though it may not be proper,
healthy, appropriate, etc.
4 abstemious a. marked by restraint especially in the eating of （生活等）以
food or drinking of alcohol 节制为特点的
G
师
8 chagrin n. a feeling of being frustrated or annoyed 失望;恼怒
because of failure or disappointment
傲慢;狂妄
老
9 hubris n. a great or foolish amount of pride or
confidence
10 complacency n. a feeling of being satisfied with how things 自满;自得
are and not wanting to try to make them better :
11 exacerbate
巍
a complacent feeling or condition
v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.)
worse
使恶化
12 conflate v. to bring together 混合

张
13 countenance n. the appearance of a person's face : a 面容;脸色
person's expression
v. to accept, support, or approve of (something): 支持;赞成
：
sanction
14 impugn v. to assail by words or arguments : oppose or 对…表示怀疑;
attack as false or lacking integrity 置疑
号
15 explicit a. very clear and complete : leaving no doubt 直言的; 易于

about the meaning 理解的
16 devious a. not straight or direct : having many twists and 不直率的; 曲
众
turns 折的(道路)
17 divergence n. difference, disagreement (意见、态度等

的)分歧，差异
公
18 ebullient a. lively and enthusiastic 热情洋溢的

19 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含蓄的
speech
信
20 introspection n. the process of examining your own thoughts 内省;反省

or feelings
21 bleak a. not hopeful or encouraging; not warm, 不乐观的；暗
friendly, cheerful, etc.
微
淡的
23 erroneous a. not correct 错误的
a. not very developed or advanced 发育不完全的
110
25 delusive a. inappropriate to reality or facts 迷惑的;欺骗的

spoil (something)
28 membrane n. a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of 膜
animal or plant origin
29 porous a. easy to pass or get through 多孔的
RE
30 clog v. to slowly form a block in (something, such as (使)阻塞，堵
a pipe or street) so that things cannot move 塞
through quickly or easily
31 permeable a. having pores or openings that let liquids or 可渗透的
G
gases pass through
32 unwavering a. continuing in a strong and steady way 不动摇的;坚定
的
师
33 steady a. showing little variation or fluctuation 稳定的
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
111
Section 56
1 succinct a. using few words to state or express an idea 简明的;言简意
赅的
2 inveterate a. firmly established by long persistence （习惯）根深蒂
固的
RE
4 concision a. the quality or state of being concise 简洁;简明
5 imperturbability n. being marked by extreme calm, 沉着，冷静
impassivity, and steadiness
G
6 prolix a. marked by or using an excess of words 冗长的;啰嗦的
7 rigor n. the quality or state of being very exact, 缜密;严谨
师
careful, or strict
9 erudite a. having or showing knowledge that is 博学的
老
learned by studying
10 grandiosity n. being impressive because of uncommon 宏伟；辉煌
largeness, scope, effect, or grandeur
11 complacent a. satisfied with how things are and not 自满的
12 indifferent
巍
wanting to change them
a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or
冷漠的

张
13 adulate n. excessive or slavish admiration or flattery 奉承;谄媚
14 bombast n. speech or writing that is meant to sound 华而不实的言辞
important or impressive but is not sincere or
：
meaningful
16 apocryphal a. well-known but probably not true 虚构的
号
17 impediment v. something that makes it difficult to do or 妨碍

complete something: something that
interferes with movement or progress
众

20 recede v. to move back or away; to grow less or 逐渐远离
smaller
公
21 obviate v. to make (something) no longer necessary: 避免

to prevent or avoid (something)
22 temper v. to make (something) less severe or 使缓和
信
extreme
n. a state of being angry 脾气
v. to cause (something, such as steel or 使(金属)回火
glass) to become hard or strong by heating it
微
and cooling it
25 minuscule a. very small 极不重要的
26 spatial a. of or relating to space 空间的
112
27 regime n. mode of rule or management 统治方式

28 humidity n. moisture in the air: the amount of moisture (空气中的)湿度
in the air
29 superiority n. the quality or state of being high or higher 优势
in quality
30 perception n. the way you think about or understand 感知;洞察力
RE
31 homogeneity n. the quality or state of being of a similar kind 同质
or of having a uniform structure or
composition throughout
32 resemblance n. a point of likeness 相似;相像
G
a. able to be seen: clearly shown or visible 明显的
师
34 impregnable a. not able to be captured by attack : very 牢不可破的
strong
老
36 self-evident a. clearly true and requiring no proof or 显而易见的;明
explanation 摆着的
37 unconceivable a. impossible to imagine or believe: not 难以相信的
38
39
exhaustion
deference
conceivable 巍
n. the condition of being very tired
n. a way of behaving that shows respect for
疲惫不堪
尊重;顺从
张
40 groan v. to complain about something 叹息，抱怨
41 intangible n. that does not exist as a physical thing but is （指企业资产）
still valuable to a company 无形的
：
42 impalpable a. incapable of being felt by 触摸不到的

touch : INTANGIBLE
号
complete
44 unalloyed a. not alloyed: unmixed, unqualified 纯粹的
众
公
信
微
113
Section 57
1 mercurial a. changing often: very changeable （人）反复无常
的
2 amorphous a. having no definite or clear shape or form 无固定形状的
RE
5 exiguous a. excessively scanty : INADEQUATE 稀少的;不够的
6 resurgence n. a growth or increase that occurs after a 复苏
G
period without growth or increase
8 demise n. the end of something that is thought of as 死亡;逝世
师
being like a death
老
a. found in most parts of the world and under 世界各地都有的
11 disheartening
巍
varied ecological conditions
a. disappointed and less confident or less
hopeful
使人沮丧的
张
：
14 insalubrious a. not conducive to health : UNWHOLESOME 不健康的，肮脏

破旧的
号
16 baneful a. causing destruction or serious damage : 邪恶的

bad or evil
18 introspective a. characterized by examination of one's own 内省的;反省的
众
thoughts and feelings

公
20 distinctive a. having a quality or characteristic that 与众不同的

makes a person or thing
21 diverge 岔开;分歧
信
v. to split and move out in different directions

from a single point
22 old-mannered / 老套的
微
23 compliance n. the act or process of doing what you have 服从

been asked or ordered to do
24 obsequious a. too eager to help or obey someone 谄媚的
important
25 veil v. to hide or partly hide (something) 掩盖
114
26 sabotage v. to destroy or damage (something) 蓄意破坏，捣乱

deliberately so that it does not work correctly
27 exercised over / 控制
28 cynicism n. beliefs that people are generally selfish and 认为世人皆自私
dishonest 的观念
30 detestation n. extreme hatred or dislike 憎恶
RE
31 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you support 支持
or approve of (someone or something)
32 denounce v. to publicly state that someone or something 谴责;指责
is bad or wrong
G
34 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very 严厉斥责某人
师
harshly
35 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧的
ancient times
36 antediluvian a. very old or old-fashioned 陈旧的，过时的
老
37 capricious a. changing often and quickly, especially often 反复无常的
changing suddenly in mood or behavior
38 patronizing a. showing or characterized by a superior 傲慢的
39
40
tangible
ethereal
巍
attitude towards others
a. able to be touched or felt
a. of or relating to the regions beyond the
可触摸的
缥缈的；超凡的
earth
张
41 tortuous a. complicated, long, and confusing or having 冗长费解的;弯
many twists and turns 曲的
：
43 protract v. to make longer : draw out in time or space 拖延

44 abashed a. made to feel uncomfortable, disconcerted, 羞愧的
or embarrassed by something that has
号
happened or been done or said

45 arrogant a. having or showing the insulting attitude of 傲慢的;自大的
people who believe that they are better,
smarter, or more important than other people
众
46 impetuous a. acting or done quickly and without thought 轻率的

a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack 踌躇的
公
of self-confidence
48 hubristic a. a great or foolish amount of pride or 傲慢的
confidence
信
49 narcissistic a. loving and admiring yourself and especially 自我欣赏的

your appearance too much
微
115
Section 58
1 civic a. of or relating to a city or town or the people 城镇的;市民的
who live there
3 exclusive a. not shared : available to only one person 独有的
or group
RE
4 choleric a. easily moved to often unreasonable or 暴躁的
excessive anger : hot-tempered
5 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very 坚持的，不妥协
stubborn 的
G
6 officious a. used to describe an annoying person who 爱指手画脚的
tries to tell other people what to do in a way
that is not wanted or needed
师
7 irenic a. favoring, conducive to, or operating toward 和平的
peace, moderation, or conciliation
8 prudent a. having or showing careful good judgment 谨慎的;慎重的
老
welfare of other people rather than for
yourself
10 solemn a. very serious or formal in manner, behavior, 表情严肃的;庄
11 abstruse
or expression 巍
a. difficult to comprehend
严的
深奥的
12 interdisciplinary a. involving two or more academic, scientific, 跨学科的
张
or artistic disciplines
13 cursory a. done or made quickly 粗略的;仓促的
：
15 seminal a. having a strong influence on ideas, works, (对以后的发展)

events, etc., that come later : very important 影响深远的
and influential
号
16 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one 有歧义的

way
17 stigma n. a set of negative and often unfair beliefs 耻辱
that a society or group of people have about
众
something
18 blemish n. a mark that makes something imperfect or 瑕疵
less beautiful
19 inveterate a. firmly established by long persistence 积习难改的
公
20 burdensome a. so heavy or hard to take as to be a burden 难以承担的

21 pedestrian a. not interesting or unusual 乏味的，无聊的
22 sporadic a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in 偶尔发生的
信
irregular or random instances

23 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than 世俗的;平凡的
to spiritual things
微
24 onerous a. difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with 繁重的

25 laypeople n. a person who is not a member of a 外行
particular profession
26 illustrious a. admired and respected very much 杰出的;卓越的
because a lot was achieved
27 sordid a. very bad or dishonest 卑鄙的;丑恶的
116

29 distinguished a. known by many people because of some 杰出的;著名的
quality or achievement
30 fraught a. causing or having a lot of emotional stress 焦虑的;忧虑的;
or worry
31 incredible a. difficult or impossible to believe 难以置信的
RE
32 cowardly a. lacking courage 胆小的;懦弱的
33 petty a. relating to things that are not very 次要的
important or serious
34 capricious a. changing often and quickly, especially 反复无常的
G
often changing suddenly in mood or behavior
35 spiteful a. having or showing a desire to harm, anger, 恶意的;居心不
or defeat someone: having or showing spite
师
良的
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
117
Section 59
n. the finding or decision of a jury on the matter (陪审团的 )裁
1 verdict
submitted to it in trial 定
n. & v. to behave in a violent and uncontrolled
2 riot 暴乱;闹事
way
RE
4 emulsify v. to combine two liquids to make an emulsion (使)乳化
5 denigrate v. to attack the reputation of 诋毁;诽谤
6 petrify v. to frighten very much 使吓呆;使惊呆
G
v. to show or convince (someone) that a belief is 去掉 (某人 )的
7 disabuse
incorrect 错误想法
n. the quality of being able to be made into
师
8 plasticity 可塑性
different shapes
n. the quality of someone who is patient and able
9 forbearance to deal with a difficult person or situation without 忍耐
老
becoming angry
a. very lively, happy, or energetic : filled with
10 exuberant 热情洋溢的
energy and enthusiasm
11 obduracy a. the quality or state of being obdurate 倔强;执拗
12 temper
巍
v. to make (something) less severe or extreme
n. a state of being angry
使缓和
脾气
张
v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.)
14 exacerbate 使恶化
worse
：
16 grandeur n. a great and impressive quality 宏伟;壮丽

v. to think of or treat (someone or something) as 使从属于
号
less important than someone or something else

18 subordinate
a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or
从属的;下级的
position
19 compunction n. a feeling of guilt or regret 后悔
众
n. the ability of something to return to its original 快速恢复的能

20 resilience shape after it has been pulled, stretched,
力
pressed, bent, etc.
公
n. the act or process of damaging or ruining

21 degradation something or the act of treating someone or 毁坏，堕落
something poorly and without respect
22 plethora n. a very large amount or number 过多;过量
信
n. an amount that is too much or more than you

23 surfeit 过量
need
n. the quality or state of being very exact,
24 rigor 缜密;严谨
微
careful, or strict
n. a major change or period of change that (引起混乱的 )
25 upheaval
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 剧变
n. a great or important victory; a great success
26 triumph 胜利
or achievement
118
意外消息(常指
27 bombshell n. something that is very surprising or shocking
不幸)
a. having many complexly interrelating parts or 复杂的
29 intricate
elements
30 avaricious a. greedy for riches 贪婪的
31 self-seeking a. seeking only to further one's own interests 追逐私利的
RE
多余的;不需要
32 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
的
愚蠢的; 不严肃
G
33 frivolous a. silly and not serious 的
a. having, showing, or arising from an 傲慢自尊的; 自
师
34 egotistical
exaggerated sense of self-importance 我本位的
a. showing concern for the happiness and
老
36 altruistic 无私心的
37 benevolent a. organized to do good things for other people 慈善的;仁慈的
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
119
Section 60
1 inconspicuous a. not readily noticeable 不起眼的
2 vista n. a large and beautiful view of an area of land 景色，景观
or water
3 crude a. very simple and basic in a way that is true 粗略的
but not complete
RE
a. rude in a way that makes people 粗鲁的
uncomfortable
4 volatile a. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme 易变的
G
way
5 grandiose a. seeming to be impressive or intended to be 华而不实的;
impressive but not really possible or practical 浮夸的
师
6 gregarious a. enjoying the company of other people 交际的;合群
的
7 self-effacing a. not trying to get attention or praise for 谦逊的
老
yourself or your abilities
8 imperious a. having or showing the proud and unpleasant 专横的;蛮横
attitude of someone who gives orders and 的
expects other people to obey them
9 interminable 巍
a. having or seeming to have no end 冗长的;没完
没了的
10 suspend v. to make (something) happen later : to delay 延缓;推迟
张
(something)
：
12 rebuff v. to refuse (something, such as an offer or 断然拒绝

suggestion) in a rude way
13 hazard n. a source of danger 危险
14 squelch v. to stop (something) from continuing by doing 压制;遏制
号
or saying something
15 foment v. to cause or try to cause the growth or 激起，煽动
development of (something bad or harmful)
众
16 smother v. to try to keep (something) from happening 抑制;扼杀

17 spark v. to set off 引发;触发
18 embrace v . to accept (something or someone) readily or 欣然接受

公
gladly
20 denounce v. to publicly state that someone or something 谴责;指责
信
is bad or wrong
21 incubator n. an organization or place that helps in the 孵化器
development of new businesses
微
22 spore n. a cell made by some plants that is like a 孢子

seed and can produce a new plant
23 contract v. to become smaller 收缩
n. a legal agreement between people, 合同
companies, etc.
v. to become affected with 感染
120
24 irritate v. to make (someone) impatient, angry, or 使烦恼

annoyed
25 enigma n. someone or something that is hard to 费解的事物
understand
something
27 codify v. to put (things) in an orderly form 编纂;整理
RE
a. not graceful （行动）笨拙
的
G
likely
师
32 irritating a. causing irritation or annoyance 气人的
33 amorphous a. having no definite or clear shape or form 无固定形状的
老
34 overt a. easily seen: not secret or hidden 明显的
35 embryonic a. in an early or undeveloped stage 未成熟的
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
121
Section 61
序单词英文解释中文解释
号
1 revile v. to speak about (someone or something) in a 斥责
very critical or insulting way
2 auction n. a public sale at which things are sold to the 拍卖
people who offer to pay the most
RE
4 transitory a. lasting only for a short time 转瞬即逝的
5 obduracy n. the quality or state of being obdurate 倔强；执拗
G
6 astute a. very alert and aware: clever 精明的
师
9 irreparable a. impossible to get back or to make right 不可恢复的
10 tentative a. not done with confidence : uncertain and 犹豫的
老
hesitant
a. not definite : still able to be changed 暂定的，不确定
的
11 degrade v. to treat (someone or something) poorly and 降低，削弱
12 disguise
without respect 巍
v. to hide (something) so that it will not be seen
or noticed
掩盖
张
13 precede v. to happen, go, or come before (something or 在…之前发生或
someone) 出现
14 supplement n. something that is added to something else in 增补
：

15 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something 代替
that is old or no longer used or accepted)
16 intake n. the amount of something (such as food or 摄取量
号
drink) that is taken into your body

17 expenditure n. an amount of money that is spent on 消费
something
18 onset n. the beginning of something 开始发生
众
19 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信

less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
公

21 contest n. & v. an event in which people try to win by 竞争
doing something better than others
信

23 a. not friendly 敌意的
inimical
微
24 autocracy n. a country that is ruled by a person or group 独裁

with total power
25 a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or 冷漠的
indifferent concern for something: apathetic
122
26 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or 冷淡的;无兴趣

interest 的
action
28 v. to show (something) clearly 表明
manifest
29 cogent a. very clear and easy for the mind to accept 令人信服的
RE
and believe
30 precocious a. having or showing the qualities or abilities of 早熟的
an adult at an unusually early age
31 convolution n. something that is very complicated and 错综复杂
G
32 nefarious a. evil or immoral 罪恶的;不道德
的
师
33 naïveté n. the quality or state of being naive 天真
34 a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
ingenuous candidness
老
35 acquaintance n. knowledge about something (对某事物的)了
解
36 consort
巍
n. someone who is known but who is not a close
friend
n. a wife or husband especially of a king or
熟人；
(统治者的)配偶
张
queen
37 kinfolk n. a person's relatives 家属，亲属
38 patron n. a person who gives money and support to an (艺术家的)赞助
artist, organization, etc.
：
人
39 juxtaposition n. the act or an instance of placing two or more (形成反差的物
things side by side often to compare or contrast 体、形象或想法
or to create an interesting effect
的)并置，并列
号
40 fertile a. producing a large amount of something 富饶的

41 alluvial a. GEOLOGY: made up of or found in the (河流、洪水)冲
materials that are left by the water of rivers, 积的
众
floods, etc.
42 intractable a. not easily managed, controlled, or solved 难驾驭的，棘手
的
公

44 disparate a. different from each other 不同的
45 fragility n. easily broken or damaged: very delicate : not 脆弱性
信
strong
微
123
Section 62
号
1 grandiosity n. seeming to be impressive or intended to be 宏伟
impressive but not really possible or practical
2 approbation n. praise or approval 认可
3 vernacular n. the language of ordinary speech rather 方言
RE
than formal writing
4 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not 避免
think it is right, proper, etc.
5 obloquy n. harsh or critical statements about someone 公开的谴责
G
6 gaffe n. a mistake made in a social situation 失礼;失态;失言
7 jeremiad n. a prolonged lamentation or complaint 哀诉;诉求清单
师
8 anomaly n. something that is unusual or unexpected 异常
9 harbinger n. something that shows what is coming 预兆
10 scrutinize v. to examine carefully especially in a critical 仔细检查
老
way
11 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very 坚持的，不妥协
stubborn 的
12 feckless a. having or resulting from a weak character 没有价值的
13 munificent
or nature
a. very generous
巍（指送礼者）慷
慨的
张
16 priceless a. extremely valuable or important 无价的;极珍贵
：
的
17 self- a. acting or intended to enhance one's power, 自我扩张
aggrandizing wealth, position, or reputation
号
18 deemphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 使不重要

20 doom v. to make (someone or something) certain to 厄运
众
fail, suffer, die, etc.

21 stubborn a. refusing to change your ideas or to stop 固执的
doing something
22 estranged a. having lost former closeness and affection (与某人)疏远的
公
23 arbitrary a. done without concern for what is fair or 武断的

right
24 congruent a. matching or in agreement with something 适合的
信
25 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient (给无实际治疗

like a drug but that has no physical effect on 需要者的)安慰
the patient 剂
微
26 inert a. unable or slow to move or react 迟钝的;无生气

的
28 chimerical a. existing only as the product of unchecked 空想的;荒诞的
imagination
124
30 trite a. not interesting or effective because of being 陈腐的

used too often : not fresh or original
31 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough 缺乏
of something
32 self-imposed a. required by you of yourself: not given to 自己强加的
you by someone else
33 exile n. a situation in which you are forced to leave 流放
RE
your country or home and go to live in a
foreign country
35 infuriating a. causing feelings of extreme anger 使人极为生气
G
(或愤怒)的
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
125
Section 63
号
1 recast v. to present (something) in a different way 重组;改写
2 dispassionate a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不带偏
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 见的
RE
4 stalwart a. very loyal and dedicated 忠诚的
5 solicitous a. showing concern or care for someone's 操心的;关怀的
health, happiness, etc.
G
6 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of 自命不凡的，自
people who want to be regarded as more 负的
师
really are
7 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not 反复无常的
serious
老
excited
9 unqualified a. complete or total 未限定的
10 unintentional a. not done in a way that is planned or 非故意的
11 spontaneous
巍
intended : not intentional
自发的
12 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you support 支持

张
or approve of (someone or something)
14 misconstrue v. to understand (something) incorrectly 误解(某人的言
：
行)
16 venal a. willing to do dishonest things in return for 贪赃枉法的;见
号
money 利忘义的
17 cerebellum n. medical: the back part of the brain that 小脑
controls balance and the use of muscles
众
18 euphemism n. a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is 委婉说法

used instead of one that is unpleasant or
offensive
19 cliché n. a phrase or expression that has been used 陈词滥调
公
so often that it is no longer original or

interesting
20 metaphor n. a word or phrase for one thing that is used 隐喻
信
to refer to another thing in order to show or

suggest that they are similar
a. hard to find or capture 难抓住的
21 elusive
微
22 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有害的

24 exaggerate v. to think of or describe something as larger 夸张
or greater than it really is
126
25 cinch n. something will certainly happen or that 很容易的事;

someone will easily do something 必然发生的事
26 suspicious a. showing distrust 怀疑的
27 obliterate v. to destroy (something) completely so that 清除
nothing is left
28 emendation n. an alteration designed to correct or 校订;修改
improve
RE
29 heyday n. the time when someone or something is 鼎盛时期
most successful, popular, etc.
30 protean a. able to change into many different forms or 易变的;变幻无
able to do many different things 常的
G
31 versatile a. able to do many different things; having 多才多艺的;多
many different uses 功能的
师
33 circumscribe v. to limit the size or amount of (something) 限制
34 satiate v. to satisfy (a need, desire, etc.) fully 满足
老
35 interfere v. to get in the way of as an obstacle 妨碍
36 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough 缺乏
of something
过量
37
38
surfeit
profusion
you need 巍
n. an amount that is too much or more than
n. a large amount of something 丰富

39 glut n. too much of something : a supply of 供应过剩;供过
张
something that is much more than is needed 于求
or wanted
40 prototype n. an original or first model of something from 原型
：
which other forms are copied or developed

41 pretense n. a false reason or explanation that is used 借口
to hide the real purpose of something
42 relic n. something that is from a past time, place, 遗迹
号
culture, etc.
43 paradigm n. a model or pattern for something that may 范例
be copied
44 vestige n. the last small part that remains of 遗迹
众
something that existed before

公
信
微
127
Section 64
号
1 couch v. to say or express (something) in a particular (用某种文体或方
way 式)表达
2 apocalyptic a. wildly unrestrained: GRANDIOSE 夸张的
3 a. in good health 健全的
RE
sound a. free from mistakes 合理的,正确的
4 abstract a. relating to or involving general ideas or 抽象的(与具体经
G
qualities rather than specific people, objects, 验相对)
or actions
5 complacent a. satisfied with how things are and not 自满的
师
wanting to change them
7 overblown a. made to seem larger, more impressive or 夸张的
老
more important than it really is
8 marvel n. someone or something that is extremely 奇迹
good, skillful, etc.
9 medieval a. of or relating to the Middle Ages 中古的
10 dead end NA
巍
a. very old : too old to be useful or acceptable 过时的
僵局
11 exemplar a. extremely good and deserving to be 典型
张
admired and copied
12 glorify v. to honor or praise 赞颂
13 dilution n. something (such as a solution) that is 稀释
：
diluted
14 antithesis n. the exact opposite of something or 对立
someone
15 hortatory a. giving strong encouragement 劝告性的
号
16 ostensible a. being such in appearance : plausible rather 表面上的

than demonstrably true or real
17 seamy a. of or relating to unpleasant and usually 肮脏丑恶的
众
illegal things (such as crime, drugs, etc.)

18 lurid a. causing shock or disgust: involving sex or 花哨的;(故意地)
violence in a way that is meant to be shocking 骇人听闻的
公

moral character
21 gripping a. very interesting and exciting 激动人心的
信
22 escapist n. an activity or form of entertainment that 逃避现实

allows people to forget about the real
problems of life
微
23 paralyze v. to make powerless or ineffective 使不能正常活动

25 incompetence n. lack of the ability to do something well 不胜任
26 criminality n. the quality or state of being criminal 犯罪行为
128
27 largesse n. the act of giving away money or the quality 慷慨解囊

of a person who gives away money
28 disquiet v. to make (someone) worried or nervous 令人不安
29 endowment n. a large amount of money that has been 捐赠
given to a school, hospital, etc., and that is
used to pay for its creation and continuing
support
RE
30 generosity n. the quality of being kind, understanding, 慷慨
and not selfish : the quality of being generous
32 integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair 诚实正直
G
33 eloquence a. the ability to speak or write well and in an 雄辩
effective way
师
34 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence 华而不实的言语
people and that may not be honest or
reasonable
35 wane v. to become smaller or less : to decrease in 衰败
老
size, amount, length, or quality
37 vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到的责
38 undermine
criticism or censure 巍
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or
难或嫌疑的）澄
清
逐渐削弱（信
张
less effective usually in a secret or gradual 心、权威等）
way
39 galvanize v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric 激励
shock
：
40 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that 剧变

causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc.
号

42 quiescent a. not active 静态的
43 interminable a. having or seeming to have no end 冗长的;没完没了
众
的
44 abeyance n. a state of temporary inactivity: 暂时搁置
SUSPENSION —used chiefly in the phrase in
abeyance
公

nature
46 beatify v. to give a dead person a title of honor for 为（逝者）祝福
信
being very good and holy

47 pledge n. a serious promise or agreement 保证
48 deify v. to treat like a god or goddess 神化
微
50 christen v. to baptize (someone) 给(某人)施洗
129
Section 65
号
3 plastic a. capable of being made into different shapes 可塑的
4 perceptible a. able to be seen or noticed : able to be 可察觉到的
RE
perceived
5 adroit a. very clever or skillful (尤指待人接
物)精明的
G
6 vulgarity n. the quality or state of not having good taste, 庸俗;粗野
manners, politeness, etc.
7 discourse n. a long talk or piece of writing about a 论述
师
subject
9 flagrant a. very bad : too bad to be ignored 骇人听闻的
老
10 crass a. having or showing no understanding of what 愚蠢而无同情
is proper or acceptable: rude and insensitive 心的
11 renounce v. to give up, abandon, or resign usually by a 宣布放弃
public declaration
12 merge 巍
v. to cause (two or more things, such as two
companies) to come together and become one
thing : to join or unite (one thing) with another
结合
张
13 compartmentalize v. to separate (two or more things) from each 分隔
other
14 correlation n. the relationship between things that happen 相互关系
or change together
：
15 scaremonger n. one inclined to raise or excite alarms 危言耸听的人

especially needlessly
16 elicit v. to get (a response, information, etc.) from 引出
号
someone
17 vindicate v. to show that (someone) should not be 证明(某人)无
blamed for a crime, mistake, etc. : to show that 罪(责)
(someone) is not guilty
众

spoil (something)
公
20 mar v. to ruin the beauty or perfection of 破坏;损害

(something) : to hurt or damage the good
condition of (something)
信
powerful people (such as government officials

or police officers)
22 resolution n. firmness of purpose : DETERMINATION 坚定;坚决
微

24 belligerent a. angry and aggressive : feeling or showing 好斗的
readiness to fight
25 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or 好斗的
argue
26 exhaustive a. including all possibilities: very thorough 全面彻底的
130
a. combining characteristics of more than one 混合的

kind
27 mixed
a. including or accompanied by inconsistent, 前后不一致的
incompatible, or contrary elements
28 inconsistent a. not compatible with another fact or claim 前后不一致的
29 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly 综合的;广泛的
RE
32 ascetic a. relating to having a strict and simple way of 禁欲的
living that avoids
physical pleasure
G
34 tempestuous a. full of strong emotions (such as anger or 激烈的;狂暴的
师
excitement)
37 inaccessible a. difficult or impossible to reach, approach, or 无法理解的
老
understand
39
40
banal
opaque
decisions 巍
a. boring or ordinary
a. not letting light through: not transparent;
平庸的;陈腐的
不透明的；难
difficult to understand or explain
张
懂的
41 distressing a. making you feel extremely upset, especially 令人苦恼的
because of sb's suffering
：
号
众
公
信
微
131
Section 66
号
1 uneasy a. worried or unhappy about something 不稳定的
2 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical instrument) 扩大（声音）
louder by increasing the strength of electric signals
3 spur v. to encourage (someone) to do or achieve something 激励
RE
4 sophist n. a captious or fallacious reasoner 诡辩家
5 quibbler n. a small complaint or criticism usually about 斤斤计较的人
something unimportant
6 doctrinaire n. a person who has very strong beliefs about what 固执己见的人
G
should be done and will not change them or accept
other people's opinions
7 pedant n. one who makes a show of knowledge 卖弄学问的人
师
8 rally n. a public meeting to support or oppose someone or 一致支持；团结
something 起来
逐渐削弱（信
老
9 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less
effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
10 serendipity n. luck that takes the form of finding valuable or (意外发现或发
pleasant things that are not looked for 明新奇或有价值
11 precocity
巍
n. of a child : having or showing the qualities or abilities
事物的)运气
早熟
of an adult at an unusually early age
张
12 destiny n. what happens in the future : the things that someone 命运
or something will experience in the future
13 devil n. an evil spirit 魔鬼
：
14 free-for-all / 不加管制;自由
放任
15 vicious a. very dangerous; very violent and cruel 残酷的;凶猛危
号
险的
16 ritualize v. to practice ritualism 使程式化
17 routine a. a regular way of doing things in a particular order 例行的;日常的
众
18 deceptive a. intended to make someone believe something that 骗人的

is not true
20 hail v. to greet with enthusiastic approval: ACCLAIM 赞扬
公
21 acclaim v. to praise (someone or something) in a very strong 给予高度评价

and enthusiastic way
信
23 wayward a. following one's own capricious, wanton, or depraved 倔强的

inclinations: UNGOVERNABLE
24 errant a. behaving wrongly 行为不当的
微
25 incisive a. very clear and direct: able to explain difficult ideas 透彻的
clearly and confidently
28 recondite a. not understood or known by many people 晦涩的
132
29 tactless a. tending to offend or upset people : not showing or 言行不得体的

having tact
31 deft a. quick and skillful in action 灵巧的;机敏的
32 fabricate v. to make up for the purpose of deception 编造;捏造
33 eliminate v. to remove (something that is not wanted or needed) 消除
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
133
Section 67
号
1 chunk n. a thick piece of something 话语组成部分
2 verse n. poem 诗
3 a. not interesting 乏味的
jejune
RE
5 corrosive a. causing someone or something to become 腐蚀的，损害性
weak and damaged
G
的
6 finicky a. very hard to please (对衣食等)过分
讲究的，过分挑
师
剔的
7 indiscreet a. not having or showing good judgment: 不审慎的;鲁莽
revealing things that should not be revealed 的
老
8 masterpiece n. the best book, painting, piece of music, movie, 代表作
etc., by a particular person
10 amend
understand
巍
v. to change and improve (something, such as a
mistake or bad situation)
修订(法律文
件、声明等)
张
11 v. to do or be much better than (someone or （做的更好而）
something) 超过
eclipse
n. a loss of power, success, popularity, etc. （重要性、权势
：
等的）丧失
12 unrivaled a. better than anyone or anything else 无敌的
号
controversy
14 unsurpassed a. better or greater than anyone or anything else 出类拔萃的
15 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通
众
exceptional 的
16 reluctant a. feeling or showing doubt about doing 不情愿的
something: not willing or eager to do something
公
17 offend v. to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry, 冒犯

or upset by something said or done
18 unparalleled a. not found elsewhere: never seen or 空前的
experienced before
信
19 demur v. to disagree politely with another person's 反对

statement or suggestion
20 approve v. to officially accept (an idea, action, plan, etc.) 同意
微
21 acquiesce v. to accept, agree, or allow something to happen 默许

by staying silent or by not arguing
22 crumble v. to break down completely: to stop functioning 消亡
23 transmission a. the act or process by which something is 传达
spread or passed from one person or thing to
another
134
24 immortality n. the quality or state of someone or something 永生

that will never die or be forgotten: the quality or
state of being immortal
25 virtually adv. very nearly: almost entirely 几乎
26 versatile a. able to do many different things; having many 多才多艺的;多
different uses 功能的
27 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中立
RE
28 hostility n. an unfriendly or hostile state, attitude, or action 敌意
29 animus n. a strong feeling of dislike or hatred 敌意
G
31 tantalize v. to cause (someone) to feel interest or 使(某人)想要却
excitement about something that is very
师
得不到(某物);逗
attractive, appealing, etc. 引;挑逗
32 trenchant a. very strong, clear, and effective 尖锐的;有效的
老
without energy or enthusiasm because of habit or
35
36
cursory
morality
because it is expected
a. done or made quickly
巍
n. beliefs about what is right behavior and what is
粗略的;仓促的
道德
张
wrong behavior
37 reciprocity n. a situation or relationship in which two people 互惠;互助
or groups agree to do something similar for each
other, to allow each other to have the same rights,
：
etc.: a reciprocal arrangement or relationship

criticize and laugh at someone or something in an
号
insulting way
39 resentment n. a feeling of anger or displeasure about 怨恨
someone or something unfair
40 dismissal n. the act of dismissing: the fact or state of being 不予考虑, 摒弃
众
dismissed
公
43 universality n. the quality of being universal 通用性

信
微
135
Section 68
1 cordial a. politely pleasant and friendly 友好的
2 heretofore adv. until this time: before now 迄今
3 stifle v. to stop from doing or expressing something 阻止，扼杀
4 pertinent a. relating to the thing that is being thought 有关的
about or discussed
RE
5 nostalgia n. pleasure and sadness that is caused by 怀旧
remembering something from the past and
wishing that you could experience it again
n. the state of being homesick: homesickness 思乡
G
6 a. a similar action or event that happened at an 在先的
precedent earlier time
师
7 triviality n. something that is not important 无足轻重
老
something
10 vengeful a. feeling or showing a desire to harm 复仇的
11 remedy
巍
someone who has harmed you : feeling or
showing a desire for vengeance
n. a way of solving or correcting a problem 解决方法
张
12 otherwise adv. in a different way or 在其他方面;
manner; in other respects 以其他方式
13 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分的
：
14 snappish a. feeling or showing irritation (说话的方式)

恶狠狠的
15 tyrant n. a ruler who has complete power over a 暴虐的统治者
号
country and who is cruel and unfair

16 cur n. a dog that is a mix of different breeds: a low, 恶狗
bad, or disliked dog
17 umbrage n. a feeling of being offended by what 生气
众
someone has said or done

18 expiation n. the act of making atonement 赎罪
19 torpor n. a state of not being active and having very 麻木;迟钝
公
little energy
信

微

23 virtuosity n. great ability or skill shown by a musician, 精湛演技
performer, etc.
24 inversion n. a change in the position, order, or 倒置；颠倒
relationship of things so that they are the
opposite of what they had been
136

action
26 intermediary n. a person who works with opposing sides in 中间人;调解人
an argument or dispute in order to bring about
an agreement
27 elite n. the people who have the most wealth and 精英
status in a society: the most successful or
powerful group of people
RE
29 cordiality n. sincere affection and kindness 友好
G
31 conviviality n. the quality of or relating to social events 友好
where people can eat, drink, and talk in a
师
friendly way with others
32 diffidence n. the quality or state of being unassertive or 羞怯
bashful
33 exasperation n. exasperation 恼怒
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
137
Section 69
号
1 parallel n. something that is equal or similar 相似特征
2 collaborate v. to work with another person or group in 合作

order to achieve or do something
RE
3 hackneyed a. not fresh or original 陈腐的
4 contradictory a. involving or having information that 矛盾的

disagrees with other information
5 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is 怪异的
G
surprising or difficult to understand
6 yardstick n. a rule or specific idea about what is (好坏或成败的)
acceptable or desirable that is used to judge
师
衡量标准
or measure something
7 accessible a. capable of being understood or 容易理解的
appreciated
老
9 pragmatic a. dealing with the problems that exist in a 实际的
specific situation in a reasonable and logical
10 empirical
巍
way instead of depending on ideas and
theories
a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或经
验的
张
11 paradigmatic a. constituting, serving as, or worthy of being 范例的
a pattern to be imitated
12 dictate v. to say or state (something) with authority 规定
：
or power
13 anthropomorphism n. an interpretation of what is not human or 拟人论
personal in terms of human or personal
characteristics : HUMANIZATION
号
14 transgress v. to do something that is not allowed: to 违背(道德)

disobey a command or law
众
worse
16 quantify v. to find or calculate the quantity or amount 可量化
of (something)
17 odds n. the possibility that something will (事物发生的)可
公
happen: the chance that one thing will 能性

happen instead of a different thing
18 peripheral a. not relating to the main or most important 次要的
信
part
19 privileged a. having special rights or advantages that 受特别优待的
most people do not have
微
right
21 disproportionate a. having or showing a difference that is not 太大(或太小)的
fair, reasonable, or expected: too large or too
small in relation to something
22 rehash v. to present or use again in another form (稍微改动)重新
without substantial change or improvement 推出
138
23 patriotic a. having or showing great love and support 爱国的

for your country: having or showing
patriotism
24 wrap v. to cover (something) by winding or folding 包，裹(礼物等)
a piece of material around it
25 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive 巨大的数量(或
because it is so big or because it includes so 收藏品)
RE
27 authentic a. true and accurate 真实
G
28 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or 杰出人物
herself as a member of a socially elite group
29 scrutiny n. the act of carefully examining something 仔细检查
师
especially in a critical way: the act of
scrutinizing something
30 censure v. to officially criticize (someone or 谴责
老
something) strongly and publicly
31 meld v. merge, blend 合并
33 petty a. not very important or serious 次要的
34
35
fleeting
encyclopedic
巍
a. not lasting: lasting for only a short time
a. dealing with or knowing a subject
短暂的
学识渊博的
thoroughly or completely
张
36 incongruous a. strange because of not agreeing with what 不相称的
is usual or expected
37 polymath n. someone who knows a lot about many 博学
：
different things
38 premise n. a statement or idea that is accepted as 前提
being true and that is used as the basis of an
argument
号

40 dramatic a. striking in appearance or effect 巨大的, 引人注
众
目的
41 impressive a. deserving attention, admiration, or 令人赞叹的
respect: making a good impression
42 acclaim v. to praise (someone or something) in a very 高度评价
公
strong and enthusiastic way

43 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, 激起争端的
etc.
信

44 versatile a. able to do many different things; having 多才多艺的;多
many different uses 功能的
微
45 eclipse v. to do or be much better than (someone or （做的更好

something) 而）超过
46 outdo v. to do better than (someone or 胜过
something): to be more successful than
47 ﬁxed / 固定的
139

49 healthy a. PROSPEROUS, FLOURISHING 运作良好的
50 stingy a. not liking or wanting to give or spend 吝啬的
money : not generous
51 parsimonious a. very unwilling to spend money 吝啬的
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
140
Section 70
1 dour a. serious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy 冷冰冰的
2 charm n. a quality that causes someone or something 魅力
to be very likeable: an attractive quality
3 forbearing a. to control oneself when provoked: be patient 宽容的
RE
5 felicitous a. very well suited for some purpose or 贴切的
situation
6 astringent a. very critical in a sharp and often clever way 尖刻的;辛辣
的
G
7 hyperbolic a. of, relating to, or marked by language that 夸张的
exaggerates or overstates the truth : of, relating
师
to, or marked by hyperbole
8 camouﬂage v. to hide (something) by covering it up or 伪装
making it harder to see
老
10 plastic a. capable of being made into different shapes 可塑的
12 singular a. strange or odd 奇特的
13 imitable 巍
a. capable or worthy of being imitated or copied 可（值得）模
仿的
张
15 articulate v. to give clear and effective utterance to 清楚说明
16 founder v. to experience failure : to be unsuccessful 失败;破产
：

18 exculpatory v. tending or serving to exculpate 开脱罪责的
19 flippant a. lacking proper respect or seriousness 轻率的
号

众
care
23 uncritical a. not expressing or willing to express 不加批判的
appropriate criticism or disapproval: not critical
公
24 condescending a. showing or characterized by a patronizing or 傲慢的

信
26 blunted a. saying or expressing something in a very 直言不讳的

direct way that may upset some people
27 unkempt a. not neat or orderly: messy or untidy 不修边幅的
微
28 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含蓄

speech 的
29 commute v. to travel regularly to and from a place and 上下班往返
especially between where you live and where
you work
141
30 affliction n. something (such as a disease) that causes 痛苦

pain or suffering
31 chronic a. continuing for a long time or returning often 长期的;慢性
的
32 testimony n. a statement made by a witness under oath 证词
especially in a court
33 pour out / 倾吐，倾诉
RE
34 divulge v. to make (information) known: to give 透露(秘密)
(information) to someone
35 intimate a. having a very close relationship: very warm 亲密的
and friendly
G
36 grumble v. to complain quietly about something: to talk 发牢骚
in an unhappy way
37 commiserate v. to express sadness or sympathy for 怜悯
师
someone who has experienced something
unpleasant
38 gloat v. to show in an improper or selfish way that 幸灾乐祸
老
you are happy with your own success or
another person's failure
39 inattentive a. not attentive: not paying attention 不注意的
41
42
circumspect
fluster
巍
a. thinking carefully about possible risks before
v. to make (someone) nervous and confused
谨慎的
使慌乱
张
43 hindsight n. the knowledge and understanding that you 事后的领悟
have about an event only after it has happened
44 salient a. very important or noticeable 显著的，重要
：
的
45 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普
exceptional 通的
号

47 suggestive a . giving a hint 暗示的
48 nondescript a. not easily described: having no special or 无明显特征的
interesting qualities, parts, etc. : typical and
众
uninteresting
49 innumerable a. too many to be counted: very many 多得数不清的
50 at odds with / 与……不一致
公

52 flummox v. confuse 使困惑
53 hearten v. to cause (someone) to feel more cheerful or 激励
信
hopeful
something)
微
55 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or 等同于

effect
56 synonymous a. having the same meaning 同义的
142
57 implicate v. to show that someone or something is 牵涉

closely connected to or involved in something
(such as a crime)
58 subservient a. very willing or too willing to obey someone 恭顺的
else
a. difficult to understand: likely to be 深奥难懂的
RE
understood by only a few people
with certainty
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
143
Section 71
1 obtrusive a. noticeable in an unpleasant or annoying way 显眼的
3 surreptitious a. done in a secret way 秘密的
RE
4 adroit a. very clever or skillful (尤指待人
接物)精明
的
G
7 ideology n. the set of ideas and beliefs of a group or 思想意识
师
political party
8 demarcation n. the marking of the limits or boundaries of 划分
something
老
9 episode n. an event or a short period of time that is 片段
important or unusual
10 reminiscence n. a story that someone tells about something that 回忆录
happened in the past
11 wistful 巍
a. having or showing sad thoughts and feelings
about something that you want to have or do and
especially about something that made you happy
伤感的
张
in the past
12 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about your own 自私的
needs and interests
13 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not 反复无常的
：
serious
14 ungracious a. not polite or respectful : not gracious 粗鲁的
15 valedictory n. a speech that expresses good wishes for 欢送
号
someone who is leaving : the act of saying

goodbye in a formal way
16 imposition n. the act of establishing or creating something in 实施
an official way : the act of imposing something
众
17 undue a. more than is reasonable or necessary 不适当的

18 infringement n. a failure to uphold the requirements of law, 侵犯
duty, or obligation
公
19 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 不妥协的

20 comportment n. the way in which sb/sth behaves 行为;举止
21 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.) worse 使恶化
信
22 temper v. to make (something) less severe or extreme 使缓和

微

25 deference n. a way of behaving that shows respect for 尊重;顺从
144
26 estrange v. to cause someone to be no longer involved or 疏远

connected with something
27 proximity n. the state of being near 接近
28 devastating a. causing great damage or harm 毁灭性的
29 avidity n. a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with 欲望
something
30 impotence n. the quality or state of lacking power or strength 无能力
RE
31 resignation n. the feeling that something unpleasant is going 顺从
to happen and cannot be changed
n. an act of giving up a job or position in a formal 辞职
or official way
G
32 rote n. the act of repeating over and over often 生搬硬套
without attention to meaning
33 covet v. to want (something that you do not have) very 渴望
师
much
35 taxing a. requiring a lot of effort, energy, etc. 费力的
老
36 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利丰厚的
37 enviable a . causing envy : very desirable 令人羡慕的
38 scrutiny n. the act of carefully examining something 仔细的观察
39
40
spurious
speculative
巍
especially in a critical way
a. based on guesses or ideas about what might

伪造的
推理的
张
conjecture
42 fabricate v. to make up for the purpose of deception 编造;捏造
：

44 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有
害的
号

or healthy again
46 tonic a. increasing or restoring physical or mental tone 恢复健康的
众
公
信
微
145
Section 72
号
1 garb n. a particular style or type of clothing 服装
2 upbeat a. positive and cheerful : happy and hopeful 乐观
3 melancholic a. very sad 忧郁的
RE
4 wearisome a. causing you to feel bored, annoyed, or impatient 乏味的
5 salacious a. formal + disapproving: relating to sex in a way 淫秽的;色
that is excessive or offensive 情的
6 aghast a. struck with terror, amazement, or horror : 惊恐
G
shocked and upset
7 urbane a. notably polite or polished in manner 温文儒雅的
师
8 resort v. to seek aid, relief, or advantage 求助
9 tissue n. a piece of soft and very thin paper that is used 手巾纸
especially for cleaning
10 proficient a. good at doing something 精通的
老
11 feasible a. possible to do 可行的
12 sedition n. the crime of saying, writing, or doing something 煽动反政府
that encourages people to disobey their
13 maudlin
government 巍
a. showing or expressing too much emotion
especially in a foolish or annoying way
伤感的
张
14 accommodating a. willing to do what someone else wants or 乐于助人的
requests
15 demeanor n. a person's appearance and behavior : the way 行为
someone seems to be to other people
：
16 odious a. causing hatred or strong dislike 令人讨厌的

17 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and high regard 恭敬的
due a superior or an elder
号

众

22 unflappable a. not easily upset : unusually calm in difficult 冷静的
situations
公
23 supercilious a. having or showing the proud and unpleasant 傲慢的

attitude of people who think that they are better or
more important than other people
信

25 demolish v. to destroy (a building, bridge, etc.) : to forcefully 破坏;推翻
微
tear down or take apart (a structure)

26 reveal v. to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or 揭示
generally known
27 confound v. to surprise and confuse (someone or something) 使混淆
146
28 puncture v. to weaken, damage, or destroy (something, such 削弱

as an argument or a person's feelings, pride, etc.)
suddenly or in a way that causes surprise or
embarrassment
30 ancillary a. providing something additional to a main part or 辅助的
function
RE
32 precedent n. a similar action or event that happened at an 先前出现的
earlier time 事例
33 stifle v. to stop (someone) from doing or expressing 阻止
G
something
34 disregard v. /n. to ignore (something) or treat (something) as 忽视，轻视
unimportant
师
35 opprobrium n. very strong disapproval or criticism of a person 谴责
or thing especially by a large number of people
36 vituperation n. harsh and angry criticism 辱骂
老
37 dismissal n. the act of dismissing: the fact or state of being 不予考虑,
dismissed 摒弃
38 approbation n. praise or approval 认可
39
40
41
adulation
veneration
lucubration
巍
n. excessive or slavish admiration or flattery
n. a feeling of deep respect
n. laborious or intensive study
奉承
尊敬
刻苦钻研
张
42 reverence n. honor or respect that is felt for or shown to 崇敬
43 disdain v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone or 鄙视
something)
：

45 refuge n. shelter or protection from danger or trouble 庇护
号
47 culprit n. a person who has committed a crime or done 引起问题的

something wrong 事物
48 recipe n. a way of doing something that will produce a 方法
众
particular result
公
信
微
147
Section 73
号
1 amoral a. being outside or beyond the moral order or a 不遵守道德
particular code of morals 准则的
RE
3 exemplary a. extremely good and deserving to be admired 典范的
and copied
4 progressive a. moving forward 进步的
5 motley a. made up of many different people or things 混杂的
G
师
9 monolithic a. consisting of or constituting a single unit 单一的
10 indulgence n. the behavior or attitude of people who allow 沉溺
老
themselves to do what they want or who allow
other people to do what they want
by only a few people 巍
a. difficult or impossible to know completely and
with certainty
模糊的
张
12 buttress v. to support, strengthen, or defend (something) 支持
：
13 overwhelm v. to defeat (someone or something) completely 击败

14 ostensible a. seeming or said to be true or real but very 表面上的
possibly not true or real
15 distract v. to take (attention) away from someone or 转移(注意力)
号
something
众
误
17 lapse n. a slight error usually caused by lack of attention (忘记或没注
公
or forgetfulness 意所导致的)
小错误
18 utopia n. an imaginary place in which the government, 空想的完美
信
laws, and social conditions are perfect 境界

19 impermanent a. not lasting forever : not permanent 短暂的
20 contingent a. depending on something else that might or 依情况而定
微
might not happen 的

21 alarming a. causing people to feel danger or alarm or to be 使人惊恐的
worried or frightened
22 circumstantial n. providing or including the details of a particular 视情况而定
situation or event 的
148
23 proliferate v. to increase in number or amount quickly 迅速繁殖(或

增殖)
24 eclectic a. including things taken from many different 兼收并蓄的
sources
26 spurious a. not genuine, sincere, or authentic 伪造的
RE
28 preponderance n. a greater amount or number of something 多数
29 annihilate v. to destroy (something or someone) completely 歼灭
30 nebulous a. not clear: difficult to see, understand, describe, 模糊的
G
etc.
32 per capita / 人均的
师
34 fluctuate v. to change level, strength, or value frequently 波动
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
149
Section 74
号
1 disregard a. to ignore (something) or treat (something) as 忽视
unimportant
2 bemoan v. to say that you are unhappy about (something) : 悲叹
to complain about (something)
RE
important
4 hubris n. a great or foolish amount of pride or confidence 傲慢;狂妄
5 propriety n. behavior that is accepted as socially or morally 得体的举止
G
correct and proper
6 prescience n. the ability to know what will or might happen in 先见之明
师
the future
8 worship n. deep respect toward God, a god, or a sacred (对上帝或神
object 的)崇拜
老
9 disinclination n. a feeling of not wanting to do something : a 不情愿
tendency to avoid a particular activity
10 incredulous a. not able or willing to believe something : feeling 不能相信的
11 sagacious
巍
or showing a lack of belief
a. having or showing an ability to understand
洞察事理的
decisions
张
12 callow a. used to describe a young person who does not 幼稚无经验
have much experience and does not know how to 的
behave the way adults behave
：
13 nimble a. able to move quickly, easily, and lightly 灵活的

14 deadpan a. showing no feeling or emotion (开玩笑或作
弄人时）故
号
意板着脸
的，一脸严
肃的
众
15 plod v. to work laboriously and monotonously (费力单调地)

工作
16 definitive a. not able to be argued about or changed : final 最后的
公
and settled
17 sobering a. making you feel serious and thoughtful 使人冷静的
服从
信
19 rote n. the act of repeating over and over often without 死记硬背，
attention to meaning 生搬硬套
微
considered wrong)
21 maintain v. to cause to exist or continue without changing 保持
v. to affirm in or as if in argument 断言
22 trajectory n. the curved path along which something (such as 轨迹
a rocket) moves through the air or through space
150

25 nuanced a. subtle and often appealingly complex qualities, 有细微差别
aspects, or distinctions (as in character or tone) 的
RE
G
32 morph v. to change gradually and completely from one (使)变化
thing into another thing usually in a way that is
师
surprising or that seems magical
33 dwindle v. to gradually become smaller (逐渐)减少
老
n. a legal agreement between people, companies, 合同
etc.
v. to become affected with 感染
35
36
high-minded
unimpeachable
moral character
巍
a. having or showing intelligence and a strong
a. very reliable and trusted: not able to be doubted

高尚的
无可指责的
or questioned
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
151
Section 75
序
单词英文解释中文解释
号
1 deficit n. a shortage especially in money 亏损
2 predicament n. a difficult or unpleasant situation 窘境
v. to make (something, such as an error or 使恶化
RE
3 compound problem) worse : to add to (something bad)
a/n. made up of two or more parts 混合(的)
4 vexation n. something that worries or annoys you 烦恼
v. to portray (someone or something) as evil or 将…妖魔化
5 demonize
G
as worthy of contempt or blame: vilify
6 moderate a. calm, temperate 不激烈的;适度的
7 genteel a. having an elegant, tasteful, or polite quality 显得彬彬有礼的
师
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than 世俗的;平凡的
8 mundane
to spiritual things
老
a. showing strong and often angry feelings: (感情)强烈的
10 vehement
very emotional
a. attractive and interesting in a way that holds 迷人的
11 captivating
12 infectious
your attention
巍
a. capable of being passed to someone else by
germs that enter the body
a. causing no injury
传染性的
无害的
张
13 innocuous
a. marked by an often ill-natured inclination to 吹毛求疵的
14 captious
stress faults and raise objections
：
v. to make (someone) pleased and satisfied : 满意

15 content
to make (someone) content
a. having a strong belief in perfect standards 理想的
16 idealistic and trying to achieve them, even when this is
号
not realistic
a. to cause (someone) to feel less angry about 安抚的
17 placatory
something
众
a/n. something that reduces the effects or 治标(不治本)药

18 palliative symptoms of a medical condition without 物;缓解剂
curing it
公
20 peer
n. a person who belongs to the same age 同辈
group or social group as someone else
n. a small group of people who spend time 小集团
信
21 cliquish together and who are not friendly to other

people
n. a withdrawing or separation of a person or a 疏远
22 alienation person's affections from an object or position of
微
former attachment
n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物的）
23 cluster together 群，团，组
n. a person who is or regards himself or herself 杰出人物
24 elicit
152
n. a feeling of unity between people who have 团结;齐心协力

25 solidarity
the same interests, goals, etc.
26 camaraderie
n. a feeling of good friendship among the 友情
people in a group
27 obedience n. the act of obeying : willingness to obey 顺从
n. a system in which people or things are 等级制度
28 hierarchy placed in a series of levels with different
RE
importance or status
v. to cause (someone) to be confused and 使困惑
29 bemuse
often also somewhat amused
G
v. to happen at the same time as something 同时发生
else
31 coincide
师
a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不带偏见
33 dispassionate
老
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 的
35 obtrusive a. noticeable in an unpleasant or annoying way 显眼的
36
37
conspicuous
mediate
巍
a. very easy to see or notice
v. to get (something, such as a settlement or
agreement) by working with opposing sides in
显而易见的
调解；为解决分
歧找到(方法)
a dispute
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
153
Section 76
号
n. a young person who is unusually talented in (年轻的)天才
1 prodigy 
some way
n. someone who knows a lot about many different 博学
2 polymath
things
RE
n. a person who has just started learning or doing 新手
3 tyro
something : a beginner or novice
n. the amount of money that a player must bet at 赌注
4 ante
the beginning of play in a poker game
G
n. a person who is guided by materialism and is 庸俗；对文化
5 philistine usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values 艺术无知的人
师
a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
6 extraneous important 的;
老
v. to make (an idea, belief, etc.) known to many 传播
9 promulgate
people
v. to organize (things) so that the most important 划分优先顺序
10
11
prioritize
sovereignty
巍
thing is done or dealt with first
n. unlimited power over a country 主权;最高统治
权
张
12 genealogy n. the study of family history 家谱学
v. to think of or treat (someone or something) as 使从属于
13 subordinate
：
a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or 从属的;下级的

position
14 analogous a. similar in some way 类似的
v. to become slower or less active : to slow down (使)放慢
号
15 slacken
v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, 改善
众
18 ameliorate
less painful, etc.
20 overwhelming a. very great in number, effect, or force 压倒性的
公
a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不足

21 meager happiness 的
a. very small or too small in amount; having little 微小的;不重要
信
22 paltry meaning, importance, or worth 的

v. to give a false impression of 掩盖
23 belie v. to show (something) to be false or wrong 证明……错误
微

v. to deal with (a problem or a difficult situation) 克服
24 surmount
successfully
v. to get secure usually lasting possession or 获得
25 secure
control of
154
adj. protected from danger or harm 安全的

a. having or showing a lack of intelligence or 空洞无物的
26 vacuous serious thought : lacking meaning, importance, or
substance
27 mirthful a. arousing or provoking laughter 愉快的
28 gloomy a. sad or depressed 令人沮丧的;
29 jovial a. full of happiness and joy 快乐的
RE
n. the price of insurance : the amount paid for 保险费
30 premium
insurance
31 purity n. the quality or state of being pure 纯净;纯粹
v. to produce or provide (something, such as a 产出
G
32 yield plant or crop)
师
33 provenance n. the origin or source of something 起源
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
155
Section 77
序
号
a. using words that mean the opposite of what 讽刺的
1 ironic
a. dealing with or describing something 简化的
2 reductive
complicated in a simple or too simple way
RE
5 approbation n. praise or approval 赞赏
G
6 deterioration n. the act or process of becoming worse 恶化
v. to operate, use, or move with the hands or by 处理
7 manipulate
mechanical means
师
a. a regular way of doing things in a particular 例行的;日常的
9 routine
order
老
10 juvenile a. unpleasantly childish 未成年的;幼稚的;
n. something (such as a situation) that is made 悖论
11 paradox up of two opposite things and that seems
12
13
virtue
instinctive
巍
n. a good and moral quality
a. based on feelings or desires that do not come
from thinking or learning
（好）品德
生来的;本能的
张
v. gained by or as a result of effort or experience （尤指靠自己的
14 acquire 努力或行动）获
得的
：
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡的

15 mundane
spiritual things
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信
16 undermine less effective usually in a secret or gradual way
号
心、权威等）
v. to give up the use or enjoyment of 放弃（想做的事
17 forgo (something) 或想得之物）
众

v. to cause (something or someone) to seem 使黯然失色；掩
19 overshadow less important or impressive when compared to 盖
something or someone else
公
v. to use (something) for a different purpose (以新的方式或目

20 redirect
的)重新使用
a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
信

21 obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
微
with certainty
v. to make (something) less severe, harmful, or 减少，减轻
23 mitigate
painful
156
24 abate v. to become weaker : to decrease in strength (使)减弱

a. making it easy, possible, or likely for 有助于…的
25 conducive
something to happen or exist
v. to make (something, such as a task or action) 妨碍
26 hinder
slow or difficult
v. to destroy much or most of (something) : to 毁灭
27 devastate
cause great damage or harm to (something)
RE

a. not natural or real : made, produced, or done 人造的；非自然
G
30 artificial to seem like something natural 的
a. not sincere 假的
师
31 spurious a. not genuine, sincere, or authentic 虚假的
a. very obvious and sharp : free from doubt or 明显的

32 clear-cut
uncertainty : very definite
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
157
Section 78
序
号
a. used to describe someone who allows things to 消极的;被动的
2 passive happen or who accepts what other people do or
decide without trying to change anything
RE
3 kinetic a. of or relating to the movement of physical objects 运动的
4 mindset n. a mental attitude or inclination 观念模式
a. having or showing an attitude of someone who 言辞浮夸的
5 pompous
G
thinks he or she is better than other people
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡的
师
7 mundane
spiritual things
8 coverage
n. the activity of reporting about an event or subject 新闻报道
in newspapers, on television news programs, etc.
老
a. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, or 公正的
9 disinterested concerns
a. not interested 冷漠;无兴趣
a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular or 偶尔发生的
10
11
sporadic
assorted
random instances 巍
a. including several kinds
a. not interesting or unusual
混杂的
乏味的，无聊
张
12 pedestrian
的
a. done or made in a gradual way in a series of 逐渐做成(或发
13 piecemeal separate steps 生)的
：
14 salubrious a. making good health possible or likely 有益健康的

a. lacking in originality: TRITE 陈腐的，无聊
15 bromidic
的
号
16 mobilize v. to bring (people) together for action 鼓动

v. to seriously or continually try to do (something) 尝试
17 endeavor
众
v. to continue for a long time without activity or 衰败

18 languish
公

v. to grow or develop successfully : to flourish or 兴旺发达;繁荣
21 thrive
succeed
n. the state of being related to the people in your 亲属关系
信
22 kinship
family
v. to be a sign of (something) : to mean 说明;预示
23 signify
(something)
微
24 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or something) too low 过低评价

26 exaggerate
v. to think of or describe something as larger or 夸大
n. bad or immoral behavior or habits 恶行;不道德行
27 vice
为
158
28 probity n. the quality of a person who is completely honest 诚实

29 dissemble v. to hide your true feelings, opinions, etc. 伪装
30 rectitude n. the quality of being honest and morally correct 公正;正直
a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
31 ingenuous candidness
n. dishonest behavior that is meant to trick 奸诈(行为)
RE
32 duplicity
someone
33 for all / 尽管
n. lack of agreement or harmony: the state or an 不一致
34 discordance
instance of being discordant
G
n. something (such as a belief, opinion, or idea) 争执;争论
35 contention
that is argued or stated
师
36 quackery n. the practices or pretensions of a quack 骗人的医术
37 nepotism
n. the unfair practice by a powerful person of giving 任人唯亲
jobs and other favors to relatives
38 indecision n. difficulty in making a decision 优柔寡断
老
n. the unfair practice by a powerful person (such as 任人唯亲
39 cronyism a politician) of giving jobs and other favors to
friends
40
41
per capita
distortion
/ 巍
inaccurate
人均
扭曲
disparity n. different from each other 不一致

张
42
43 fluctuate v. to change level, strength, or value frequently 动摇不定
44 variance n. an amount of difference or change 不一致
vacillation n. inability to take a stand : irresolution, indecision 犹豫不决
：
45
号
众
公
信
微
159
Section 79
号
1 kindred n. a person's relatives 亲属
2 perfidious a. not able to be trusted: showing that someone 背叛的;不忠
cannot be trusted 的
RE
3 peregrinate v. to travel especially on foot: WALK (尤指漫长而
缓慢的)旅程
4 jubilation n. great happiness or joy 欢欣鼓舞
5 sagacious a. having or showing an ability to understand difficult 洞察事理的
G
ideas and situations and to make good decisions
师
7 peccadillo n. a small mistake or fault that is not regarded as 轻罪
very bad or serious
painful
老
9 violate v. to do something that is not allowed by (a law, rule, 违反
etc.)
10 reparation n. money that a country or group that loses a war (战败国的)赔
11 pretext
has caused 巍
pays because of the damage, injury, deaths, etc., it
n. a reason that you give to hide your real reason for

doing something
款
借口;托词
张
something
13 personable a. friendly or pleasant in manner : easy to get along 品貌兼优;英
with
：
俊潇洒
号
16 obdurate a. refusing to do what other people want: not willing 顽固的

to change your opinion or the way you do something
17 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 坚持的，不
妥协的
众
18 founder v. to experience failure: to be unsuccessful 失败

19 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱
effective usually in a secret or gradual way （信心、权
公
威等）
20 bear out / 证实
信
supporting or believing what most people think is

true
22 striking a. very attractive especially in an unusual or 引人注目的
微
interesting way
23 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a plant 产出
or crop)
24 bereft a. sad because a family member or friend has died 失去(某物)
160
25 exuberant n. very lively, happy, or energetic: filled with energy 热情洋溢的

and enthusiasm
26 emphatic a. said or done in a forceful or definite way 强调的
27 detestation n. extreme hatred or dislike: abhorrence, loathing 憎恶
28 abhorrent a. causing or deserving strong dislike 令人憎恨的
29 oscillate v. to swing or move back and forth between two 摇摆，变化
points
RE
30 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or apparent : 肤浅的
31 quintessential a. perfectly typical or representative of a particular 典型的
kind of person or thing
G
something)
33 impermanent a. not lasting forever: not permanent 短暂的
师
34 eternal a. having no beginning and no end in time : lasting 永久的
forever
老
36 profundity n. the quality of being very strongly felt 深刻性
37 concise a. using few words: not including extra or 简明的
unnecessary information
38
39
40
evenhanded
succinct
impartial
巍
a. not favoring one side or group over another
a. using few words to state or express an idea
a. not partial or biased: treating or affecting all
公平的
简明的
公平的
equally
张
41 magnanimity n. the quality of being generous and noble (尤指对被自
己击败或曾
欺凌过自己
：
的人的)宽宏
大量
42 perspicacity n. having or showing an ability to notice and 敏锐的洞察
号
understand things that are difficult or not obvious 力

43 detachment n. freedom from bias or prejudice 公正;客观
44 benevolence n. an act of kindness 善行;捐助
众
45 discernment n. an act of perceiving or discerning something 洞察力

n. an action that is taken or an order that is given to 制裁
公
force a country to obey international laws by limiting

or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing
economic aid for that country, etc.
信
n. official permission or approval 支持

47 reprehend v. to voice disapproval of: censure 谴责
微
49 censure n. official strong criticism 责备

sufficient evidence
161
Section 80
号
1 impassioned a. showing or feeling very strong emotions 热情的
2 anything but / 绝对不是
RE
4 privilege n. a right or benefit that is given to some people and 优惠待遇
not to others
5 zealous a. feeling or showing strong and energetic support 热情的
for a person, cause, etc.: filled with zeal
G
6 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest 冷淡的;无
兴趣的
师
something
老
9 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of interest in 昏睡的
doing things
10 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自发的
11 derision 巍
n. the feeling that people express when they criticize
and laugh at someone or something in an insulting
way
嘲弄
张
criticized, etc.
：
15 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all people 平等主义的
16 autonomous a. having the power or right to govern itself 有自主权的
17 stagnate v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: to 停滞
号
be or become stagnant
18 flourish n/v. a period of thriving 繁荣;昌盛
19 insulate v. to prevent (someone or something) from dealing 将…隔离
众
with or experiencing something : to keep (someone (以免受外

or something) separate from something unpleasant, 界影响)
dangerous, etc.
20 intuitive a. having the ability to know or understand things 凭直觉获知
公
without any proof or evidence: having or 的

21 alien a. not familiar or like other things you have known 陌生的
信

something)
23 verisimilitude n. the quality of seeming real 真实性
微
24 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional or 标新立异

ordinary
25 objectivity v. based on facts rather than feelings or opinions 客观公正
26 forestall v. to stop (something) from happening or to cause 预先阻止
162
27 preside v. to be in charge of something (such as a trial) 主持(会

议、仪式
等)
29 autism / 孤独症
30 epidemiological a. a branch of medical science that deals with the 流行病学的
RE
incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a
population
31 rally v. to bring or come together for a common purposes 一致支持；
团结起来
G
32 disgrace v. to cause (someone) to feel ashamed 不光彩
33 retract v. to pull (something) back into something larger that 撤回
师
usually covers it
34 amenable a. willing to agree or to accept something that is 顺从的
wanted or asked for
35 susceptible a. easily affected, influenced, or harmed by 易受…影响
老
something 的
36 resuscitate v. to bring (someone who is unconscious, not 使苏醒
breathing, or close to death) back to a conscious or
37 upend
active state again 巍
v. to cause (something) to be upside down: to turn
(something) over
使颠倒
愤怒的
张
38 indignant a. feeling or showing anger because of something
that is unfair or wrong: very angry
39 phlegmatic a. not easily upset, excited, or angered 冷静的
40 self-interest a. concern only for getting what you want or need 自私自利
：
and not about what happens to other people

42 magnanimity n. the quality of being generous and noble (尤指对被
号
自己击败或
曾欺凌过自
己的人的)
众
宽宏大量
43 opportunism n. the art, policy, or practice of taking advantage of 机会主义
opportunities or circumstances often with little regard
for principles or consequences
公
n. lack of interest 冷漠
44 disinterest n. the quality or state of not being influenced by 客观
personal feelings, opinions, or concerns
信
45 resonate v. to have particular meaning or importance for 有特殊意义

someone
v. to relate harmoniously 一致
微
46 divert v. to give pleasure to: amuse 娱乐

v. to change the direction or use of (something) 使转向
47 ring true / 听起来真实
48 fall short / 缺乏;不足
163

50 sound a. in good health 健全的
a. free from mistakes 合理的,正
确的
51 unassailable a. not able to be doubted, attacked, or questioned 不容置疑的
RE
52 prominent a. important and well-known 著名的;杰
出的
G
师
conjecture
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
164
Section 81
序
号
v. to cause people or groups to become friendly 使和解
1 reconcile
again after an argument or disagreement
a. very new and different from what is traditional 标新立异
2 radical or ordinary
RE
v. to change (something) completely in order to 检修;大修;改
3 overhaul improve it 造
n. an instance of overhauling
G
n. a publicly stated opinion (公开表明的)
4 stance
态度
师
a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重的
5 deliberate intended: done or said on purpose; done or
老
a. actual, real, or true : not false or fake; sincere 真正的;真诚的
7 genuine
and honest
8 wholesale a. affecting large numbers of people or things 大规模的
9
10
adulation
flummery
巍
n. excessive or slavish admiration or flattery
n. nonsense, especially praise that is silly or not
sincere
奉承
无聊(或虚假)
的恭维话
张
n. a person who is very enthusiastic about 极端分子;狂热
11 fanatic something 信徒
a. happening because of a coincidence : not 巧合;碰巧
12 coincidental
：
planned
13 not least / 尤其是
a. something (such as a word, an object, or an 时代错误的
号
event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it

14 anachronistic does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to the 过去的
past and not to fit in the present
众
a. containing a mistake : not true or accurate 谬误的

15 fallacious
a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as if 固执己见的，
16 dogmatic they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted
公
教条的
n. a person or organization that has been given (财产的)受托
17 trustee responsibility for managing someone else's 人
property or money through a trust
信
n. a situation in which no progress seems 僵局;绝境

18 impasse
possible
a. not done or experienced before 空前的;没有先
19 unprecedented
微
例的
20 undermine less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
21 distort v. to change so as to make untrue or inaccurate 歪曲
22 fuel v. SUPPORT, STIMULATE 加强；刺激
165
a. existing or continuing in the same way for a 多年生的; 持

23 perennial long time 续的
24 quotidian a. ordinary or very common 普通的
n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen in 悲观
25 pessimism
the future
a. designed or intended to teach people 说教的
26 didactic
something
RE
a. including things taken from many different 兼收并蓄的
27 eclectic
sources
v. to decide not to think about or consider 不予考虑
28 dismiss
G
v. to express approval of or support for 称赞;赞许
29 applaud
v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
师
30 underestimate
v. to use (something) in a foolish or wasteful way 挥霍(金钱、时
31 squander
间等)
老
n. a feeling or state of nervousness or excitement (对即将发生的
32 suspense caused by wondering what will happen 事等的)担心;
焦虑
33 pretension
巍
n. the unpleasant quality of people who think of
themselves as more impressive, successful, or
important than they really are
虚饰;虚夸
a. deserving or causing feelings of pity or 令人同情的;可

张
34 pitiful sympathy 怜的
v. to make (an idea, belief, etc.) known to many 传播
35 promulgate
people
：
v. to support or help prove (a statement, theory, 证实

36 corroborate
37 defer v. to put off to a future time : POSTPONE 推迟;延缓
号
v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a government, 颠覆，破坏

38 subvert
v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿
39 relinquish such as power, control, or possession) to another 地)放弃
众
person or group
v. to make (something) less severe or extreme 使缓和
40 temper
公
v. to change or adjust (something) so that it exists 调整;调节

41 modulate
in a balanced or proper amount
v. to make small changes to (something) in order 对…微调
42 fine-tune to improve the way it works or to make it exactly
信
right
a. strange or unusual 古怪的;异乎寻
43 eccentric
常的
微
a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不足

44 meager happiness 的
a. having a good or helpful result especially after 有益的
45 salutary
v. to make (something) illegal : to not allow 禁止
46 proscribe
(something)
166
a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的, 要求

47 exacting someone : very difficult or demanding 严格的
a. causing wonder and admiration : very 壮丽的;令人惊
48 spectacular impressive 叹的
n. a confusing collection or mixture of things (such 迷宫;纷繁复杂
49 maze as rules) 的规则
RE
v. to get (a response, information, etc.) from 引出
50 elicit
someone
a. having many complexly interrelating parts or 复杂的
52 intricate
elements
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
167
Section 82
号
1 inflate v. to think or say that (something) is larger or more 夸张;夸大
important than it really is
2 self-evident a. clearly true and requiring no proof or explanation 显而易见的;
明摆着的
RE
3 static a. showing little or no change, action, or progress 静止的
5 premise n. a statement or idea that is accepted as being 前提
G
true and that is used as the basis of an argument
6 revenue n. money that is made by or paid to a business or 收益
an organization
师
7 uneasy a. worried or unhappy about something 不稳定的
8 bludgeon v. to use arguments or threats to force (someone) 迫使
to do something
老
9 opinionated a. expressing strong beliefs or judgments about 固执己见的;
something : having or showing strong opinions 顽固的
10 profligate a. carelessly and foolishly wasting money, 挥霍的;浪费
11 vacuous
巍
materials, etc. : very wasteful
a. having or showing a lack of intelligence or
serious thought : lacking meaning, importance, or
的
空洞无物的
substance
张
12 rigorous a. very strict and demanding 缜密的
14 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or herself as 杰出人物
：
a member of a socially elite group

15 comprehensible a. able to be understood 可理解的;能
懂的
号

17 escalate v. to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, 使逐步上升
intensity, or scope
众

19 prudent a. having or showing careful good judgment 谨慎的;慎重
的
公
20 mawkish a. sad or romantic in a foolish or exaggerated way 易伤感的

21 brag v. to talk about yourself, your achievements, your 吹嘘;自吹自
family, etc., in a way that shows too much pride 擂
解决方法
信
22 remedy n. a way of solving or correcting a problem

23 impugn v. to assail by words or arguments : oppose or 对…表示怀
attack as false or lacking integrity 疑;置疑
吹捧
微
24 tout v. to talk about (something or someone) as being

very good, effective, skillful, etc.
25 assertory a. assertoric, assertive 断言的
26 stridency a. the quality or state of being strident 强硬;激烈;咄
咄逼人
168
27 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence people 华而不实的

and that may not be honest or reasonable 言语
28 metamorphose v. to change in an important and obvious way into (使)变形，变
something that is very different : to undergo 化
metamorphosis
29 gild v. to cover (something) with a thin layer of gold 给…镀金
30 wane v. to become smaller or less : to decrease in size, 衰落;衰败
RE
amount, length, or quality
31 palliate v. to make the effects of (something, such as an 减轻，缓和
illness) less painful, harmful, or harsh (疾病或不适)
32 succor n. something that you do or give to help someone 援助;救助
G
who is suffering or in a difficult situation
33 damp v. to make (something) somewhat or slightly wet 潮湿
师
34 colorful a. of speech : RUDE, OFFENSIVE （言语）粗
鲁无理的
35 tart a. having an unkind quality 尖酸的;刻薄
老
的
36 juxtapose v. to place (different things) together in order to (形成反差的
create an interesting effect or to show how they are 物体、形象
the same or different
37 effusive
巍
a. expressing a lot of emotion
或想法的)并
置
感情过分流
露的
张
38 audacious a. very confident and daring: very bold and 大胆创新的
39 lyrical a. having an artistically beautiful or expressive 抒情的
：
quality
40 striking a. very attractive especially in an unusual or 引人注目的
interesting way
号
41 detract v. to diminish the importance, value, or 诋毁

effectiveness of something —often used with from
42 rabid a. having or expressing a very extreme opinion 疯狂的;激烈
about or interest in something 的
众
43 meet a. precisely adapted to a particular situation, need, 合适的

or circumstance : very proper
公
45 clement a. not too hot or too cold 温暖的

a. inclined to be merciful (对受惩罚的
人)仁慈的
信
46 delimit v. to officially set or state the limits of (something) 定…的界限

47 condign a. appropriate 适当的
48 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or effect 等同于
微
49 merciful a. treating people with kindness and forgiveness : 仁慈的

not cruel or harsh : having or showing mercy
each other
169
Section 83
号
1 litigate v. to make (something) the subject of a lawsuit : to 诉讼;打官司
cause (a case, an issue, etc.) to be decided and
settled in a court of law
2 realm n. an area of activity, interest, or knowledge 领域
RE
3 connoisseur n. a person who knows a lot about something (such 鉴赏家
as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular
subject
G
6 moralize v. to express beliefs about what is good behavior 进行道德说
师
and what is bad behavior 教
7 xenophobic a. one unduly fearful of what is foreign and 仇外的
especially of people of foreign origin
老
8 anarchistic a. a person who believes that government and laws 无政府主义
are not necessary 的;扰乱秩序
的
9
10
pioneering
intricate
been used before
巍
a. introducing ideas and methods that have never
a. having many complexly interrelating parts or

elements
先驱的
复杂的
张
11 pristine a. not changed by people: left in its natural state 自然状态的
a. in perfect condition: completely clean, fresh, 新鲜的
neat, etc.
：
12 parochial a. limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or 狭隘

region): PROVINCIAL, NARROW
号

16 badger v. to harass or annoy persistently 烦扰(反复提
众
出问题或要
求)
17 sway v. to cause (someone) to agree with you or to share 说服;使动摇
公
your opinion
18 enchantment n. a feeling of being attracted by something 狂喜;陶醉
interesting, pretty, etc. : the state of being
信
enchanted
19 engaging a. very attractive or pleasing in a way that holds 迷人的
your attention
20 momentous a. very important : having great or lasting 重要的
微
importance
21 dormant aj. not active for the time being 暂停活动的
22 nugatory a. of little or no consequence: TRIFLING, 无价值的
INCONSEQUENTIAL
170
24 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is made up 悖论

25 bookish a. more interested in reading books and studying 学究似的
than doing more physical activities (such as sports)
26 mediate v. to get (something, such as a settlement or 调解；为解
agreement) by working with opposing sides in a 决分歧找到
dispute
RE
(方法)
27 repulse v. to cause dislike or disgust in (someone) 使厌恶
remembering something from the past and wishing
G
that you could experience it again
师
30 put off / 拖延;敷衍;搪
塞;
老
31 flush with / 充满
32 sensuality n. relating to the pleasing of the senses 感性
33 tedium n. the quality or state of being tedious or boring 单调乏味
34
35
drop out
lose out
/
/
巍退学;退出
（比赛等）
失败
张
的
37 a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
：
ingenuous candidness
38 sententious a. given to or abounding in excessive moralizing (尤指)说教式
号
的
39 simple a. lacking in intelligence : STUPID 迟钝
40 exude v. to show (a quality, emotion, etc.) very clearly or 显露
众
strongly
41 versatility n. the quality or state of having many uses or being 用途广泛
able to do many different kinds of things
42 cure-all n. a cure or solution for any illness or problem (通常无效的)
公
万灵药
43 efficacy n. the power to produce a desired result or effect (尤指药物或
治疗方法的)
信
功效
44 effectual a. producing a desired result or effect （行动、计
划等）有效
微
的
46 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient like a (给无实际治
drug but that has no physical effect on the patient 疗需要者的)
安慰剂
171
47 bankruptcy n. the state of not having enough money to pay 破产

debts
48 lurch v. to move with a sudden swaying, tipping, or 突然前倾(或
jerking motion 向一侧倾斜)
49 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes (引起混乱的)
a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 剧变
50 exorbitant a. going far beyond what is fair, reasonable, or 过高的;高得
RE
expected : too high, expensive, etc. 离谱的
51 peril n. the state of being in great danger 严重危险;祸
害;险情
G
52 convulsion n. a sudden change or disturbance that affects a 动乱;骚动
country, organization, etc.
53 opulent a. having or showing much wealth 富裕;丰富
师
55 exacting a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的 , 要求
老
someone : very difficult or demanding 严格的
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood by 深奥难懂的
obscure
only a few people
with certainty
巍
a. difficult or impossible to know completely and
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of

模糊的
掩盖，使模
张
57 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; difficult 不透明的；
to understand or explain 难懂的
：
号
众
公
信
微
172
Section 84
序
号
1 erect a. straight up and down 垂直的
2 list n. a deviation from the vertical: tilt 倾斜
僵直的; 一成
3 rigid a. not easily changed
RE
不变的
4 upright a. positioned to be straight up 直立的
5 zenith n. the highest point or stage 顶点
6 brute a. typical of beasts: like that of a beast 野蛮的
G
a. making or causing a harsh and irritating 不和谐的
7 jarring
sound
师
8 gratifying a. giving pleasure or satisfaction 令人满足的
a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to reduce
9 conciliatory 安抚的
hostility
10 hidebound a. not willing to accept new or different ideas 迂腐的
老
a. not interesting, funny, etc., because of being
11 hackneyed 陈腐的
used too often : not fresh or original
n. a play, story, novel, etc., that makes a serious 滑稽讽刺表演
12
13
burlesque
lament
巍
subject seem funny or ridiculous
v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness
about something
（或作品）
悲叹
张
v. to dislike and criticize (someone or
14 execrate 厌恶
something) very strongly
a. showing concern for the happiness and 无私心的
15 altruistic
：
a. extremely or unusually large: enormous 巨大的

16 monstrous a. very wrong or unfair 道德败坏的
a. very ugly, cruel, or vicious 丑陋的
号
17 repugnant a. causing a strong feeling of dislike or disgust 令人厌恶的

18 articulate v/a. to give clear and effective utterance to 说话清楚(的)
众
adv. in a different way or 在其他方面; 以

20 otherwise
manner; in other respects 其他方式
公

22 distortion 扭曲
inaccurate
v. to make (something secret or hidden) publicly 揭示
23 reveal
信
or generally known
24 incursion n. a sudden invasion or attack 侵入
v. to change (a book, computer file, etc.) from
破坏
the correct or original form
微
25 corrupt
v. to cause (someone or something) to become
使腐败
dishonest, immoral, etc: bribe
v. to make (something) no longer necessary: to
26 obviate 避免
v. to make (something) easier : to help cause
27 facilitate 促进
(something)
173

28 dismiss
n. a type of long gun that was used by soldiers
29 musket (旧时的)火枪
before the invention of the rifle
v. to give a false impression of 掩盖
30 belie v. to show (something) to be false or wrong 证明……错误
RE
31 demarcate v. to show the limits or edges of (something) 标出…的界线
较…先存在或
32 antedate v. to be earlier or older than (something)
先发生
33 apocryphal a. well-known but probably not true 虚构的
G
n. a belief or opinion that does not agree with （与大多数人
34 heresy the official belief or opinion of a particular 的观点不合
师
religion 的）异端
v. to make (someone) feel or look young, 使年轻;使更有
35 rejuvenate
healthy, or energetic again 活力
老
36 superannuate v. to become retired/ antiquated 退休
n. the state of being old or the process of
37 senescence 衰老
becoming old
38
39
nothing if not
sensational
/ 巍
a. causing very great excitement or interest with
shocking details
非常，及其
轰动的;引起哗
然的
张
a. tending to make people afraid or less
40 daunting 令人畏惧的
confident
不明智的;考虑
41 ill-advised a. not wise or sensible
不全面的
：
(使)氧化;(尤指
42 oxidize v. to become combined with oxygen
使)生锈
抗坏血酸盐
号
43 ascorbate n. a salt of ascorbic acid

v. to put air or a gas into (something, such as
44 aerated 充二氧化碳于
soil or a liquid)
45 aqueous a. containing water or similar to water 含水的
众
n. the act or process by which a solid, liquid, or

46 solution 溶液
gas is dissolved in a liquid
v. to make (something, such as a position of 巩固
47 consolidate
公

v. to make (something, such as an error or 使恶化
48 compound problem) worse : to add to (something bad)
信
全神贯注于
49 zero in on = focus on （问题或主
题）
微
50 prodigious a. very big 巨大的

51 undiscriminating a. not marked by discrimination 一视同仁的
a. showing or demanding excessive delicacy or 挑剔的
52 fastidious
care
174
a. very careful or too careful about choosing or 挑剔的

53 picky
accepting things : hard to please
a. having or showing a tendency to eat very 贪婪的，贪吃
54 voracious
large amounts of food 的
a. eating both plants and animals 杂食的
55 omnivorous
a. eager to learn about many different things 兴趣广泛的
a. not easy to understand or identify in an exact （问题等) 难
RE
56 slippery
way 以应对的
58 a. hard to understand, define, or remember 难理解的
G
a. intended to make someone believe something
59 deceptive 骗人的
that is not true
a. having no result or effect : pointless or
无效的
师
60 futile
useless
a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your
61 compelling 引人入胜的
attention
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
175
Section 85
序
号
n. the feeling that something unpleasant is going to 顺从
happen and cannot be changed
1 resignation
n. an act of giving up a job or position in a formal
辞职
or official way
RE
2 paradox of two opposite things and that seems impossible 悖论
G
n . a power beyond human control that is believed 命中注定的事
4 fate
to determine what happens: DESTINY (尤指坏事)
师
5 sham a/n. not real 虚假
(岩石、土地等
6 fissure n. a narrow opening or crack
中深长的)裂缝
老
n. a strong feeling of sadness, fear, and loss of
7 desperation 绝望
hope
n . the quality or state of being passive or
8 passivity 被动
submissive
9 maturity
the mind
巍
n. the state of being fully developed in the body or
v. to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry,

(思想行为、作
品等)成熟
冒犯;令人不适
张
10 offend
or upset by something said or done
12 excoriate v. to criticize (someone or something) very harshly 严厉指责
：
n. a statement that makes something seem smaller

13 understatement 保守的说法
or less important or serious than it really is
(戏剧/ 电影的 )
14 cast n . the actors in a play, film, or television show
号
全体演员
容忍，忍受
15 accept v. to endure without protest or reaction
（困境等）
严厉斥责某人
众
16 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very harshly

17 displease v. to make (someone) feel unhappy or annoyed 使生气
18 limp along / 一瘸一拐地走
公
19 innovation n. a new idea, device, or method 创新;改革

n. something that causes a strong urge or desire to
20 temptation have or do something and especially something 诱因
that is bad, wrong, or unwise
信
n . lack of movement or activity especially when 缺乏活力;惰性

21 inertia
movement or activity is wanted or needed
22 vanish v. to disappear entirely without a clear explanation 突然消失
微
n. an amount that is less than what is needed or 缺乏

23 paucity
wanted
n. the customs, values, and behaviors that are 风俗习惯;传统
26 mores
accepted by a particular group, culture, etc.
176
v. to make (something) clear and easier to 阐明

27 illuminate
understand
v. to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or
28 reveal 揭示
generally known
a. based on feelings or desires that do not come
30 instinctive 生来的;本能的
from thinking or learning
RE
a. able to return to an original shape after being
能复原的
pulled, stretched, pressed, bent, etc.
31 resilient
a. able to become strong, healthy, or successful
有适应力的
again after something bad happens
卓越的;杰出的
G
32 transcendent a. far better or greater than what is usual
a. able to be discussed and changed before an 可协商的;可讨
33 negotiable
agreement or decision is made 论的
师
a. very old and no longer useful, popular, or 过时的;陈旧的
34 antiquated
accepted : very old-fashioned or obsolete
v. to present (something) to the public in a new or
35 repackage 重新包装
老
more attractive way
促使;导致;激
v. to cause (someone) to do something
36 prompt 起
37 vault
巍
a. quick and ready to act
n. a room or compartment for storage or
safekeeping
迅速的
(尤指银行的 )
金库
张
v. to steal things from (a place, such as a city or
38 plunder 抢劫，掠夺
town) especially by force
n. too much of something : a supply of something 供应过剩;供过
39 glut
that is much more than is needed or wanted 于求
：
n. a period in which something becomes popular

40 revival 复兴
again after a long period of time
41 hodgepodge n. a mixture of different things 大杂烩
号
n. an amount that is too much or more than you

42 surfeit 过量
need
43 modicum n. a small amount 少量
众
n. the state or condition of not having enough of

44 dearth 缺乏
something
a. the ability to speak or write well and in an
45 eloquence 雄辩
effective way
公
n. a brief time when an action or activity stops 间歇

46 lull v. to cause (someone) to feel safe and relaxed 哄骗，使放松
instead of careful and alert 警惕
信
v. to make (something) less severe or extreme 使缓和

47 temper
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to
使(金属)回火
微
become hard or strong by heating it and cooling it

48 steel n. a strong, hard metal made of iron and carbon 钢
49 sleek smooth and shiny; stylish and attractive 造型优美的
51 resolve n. a strong determination to do something 决心
177
机敏的;足智多
a. able to deal well with new or difficult situations
52 resourceful 谋的;随机应变
and to find solutions to problems
的
n. a feeling of wanting to help someone who is sick,
53 compassion 同情;怜悯
hungry, in trouble, etc.
a. used to say that someone is speaking or writing
54 frank 坦率的;直率的
in a very direct and honest way
RE
bypass v. to avoid or ignore especially to get something 避开
55
done quicker
57 strenuous a. requiring or showing great energy and effort 繁重的;艰苦的
G
undisclosed a. not made known to the public : not named or 未公开的;保密
58 identified 的
师
impulsive a. doing things or tending to do things suddenly 冲动的
60
证明…是虚假
老
disprove v. to prove to be false or wrong
61
的
62 overlook v. to fail to see or notice (something) 忽视
rehash v. to present again in a slightly different form 一味的重复
63
64
revise
巍
v. to make changes especially to correct or
improve (something)
修改，修订(书
刊、估算等)
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
178
Section 86
号
1 vulnerable a. easily hurt or harmed physically, mentally, or 脆弱的
emotionally
2 sustainable a. involving methods that do not completely use (对自然资源和
up or destroy natural resources 能源的利用)不
RE
破坏生态平衡的
3 deplete v. to use most or all of (something important) : to 耗尽;使枯竭
greatly reduce the amount of (something)
G
4 shrewd a. having or showing an ability to understand 精明的
things and to make good judgments: mentally
sharp or clever
师
cheated
6 soft-pedal v. to treat or describe (something) as less 低调处理
important than it really is
老
7 extol v. to praise (someone or something) highly 称赞
8 deprecate v. to criticize or express disapproval of 强烈反对
9 compromise 巍
v. to give up something that you want in order to
reach an agreement : to settle differences by
means of a compromise
妥协
v. to damage or weaken (something) 危害

张
10 piecrust n. the outer part of a pie 馅饼皮
11 puncture v. to weaken, damage, or destroy (something, 削弱
such as an argument or a person's feelings,
：
pride, etc.) suddenly or in a way that causes

surprise or embarrassment
12 crust n. the hard outer surface of bread 面包皮
号
13 split v. to separate or divide into parts or groups 分开

14 warp v. to cause (a person's opinions, thoughts, etc.) 扭曲
to be changed in a way that is wrong or
unnatural
众
15 distend v. to become larger and rounder because of (使)膨胀

pressure from inside
16 shrunk to make (something) smaller in amount, size, or 缩小
公
value
17 caved in / 屈服
18 putative generally believed to be something 推定的;认定的
信
19 discourse n. a long talk or piece of writing about a subject 论文;演讲

21 adversary n. opponent, enemy 敌手
微
22 irony n. a situation that is strange or funny because 讽刺

things happen in a way that seems to be the
opposite of what you expected
179
24 understatement n. a statement that makes something seem

smaller or less important or serious than it really 保守的说法
is
26 allegation n. a statement saying that someone has done (无证据的)说
something wrong or illegal 法，指控
RE
27 venality n. willing to do dishonest things in return for 贪财，受贿
money
28 superintendent n. a person who directs or manages a place, 监管人;监督人
department, organization, etc.
G
29 vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到的责
criticism or censure 难或嫌疑的）澄
清
师
30 dismiss v. to decide not to think about or consider 不予考虑
31 sway v. to cause (someone) to agree with you or to 说服;使动摇
老
share your opinion
32 grouchy a. tending to complain about things : having a 脾气不好并常发
bad temper 牢骚的;好抱怨
33
probity
巍
n. the quality of a person who is completely
honest
的
诚实
34 derogate v. to insult (someone or something) : to say or (对法规等的)背

张
suggest that (something or someone) is not 离
important or worthy of respect
：

号

37 acrimony n. anger and bitterness: harsh or biting 尖刻犀利
sharpness especially of words, manner, or
众
feelings
38 pertinacious a. stubbornly tenacious 固执
39 civility n. polite, reasonable, and respectful behavior 礼貌;客气
公
40 comity n. friendly social atmosphere 友好，和谐

41 steadfast a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or 坚定不移的
cause: not changing
42 moribund a. no longer active or effective : close to failure 即将倒闭的
信
43 assume V.to think that something is true or probably true 假定

without knowing that it is true
V.to begin (a role, duty, etc.) as a job or 承担
微
responsibility
45 stem v. to check or hold back the progress of 阻止
important
180
47 vilify v. to say or write very harsh and critical things 诽谤

48 stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍
slow or difficult
50 aggrieve v. to give pain or trouble to 令委屈
RE
as a law or rule)
52 overlook v. to fail to see or notice (something) 忽视
G
excited
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
181
Section 87
序单词中文解释
英文解释
号
1 thematic a. of or relating to a theme 主题的
2 strand n. one of the elements interwoven in a complex (观点、计划、
whole 故事等的)部分
RE
3 synthesis n. something that is made by combining different (人工的)合成
things (such as ideas, styles, etc.)
sufficient evidence
G
5 accretion n. something that has grown or accumulated 堆积，积聚(过
slowly : a product or result of gradual growth 程)
6 rival n. a person or thing that tries to defeat or be 竞争对手
师
more successful than another
7 propitious a. likely to have or produce good results 吉祥的
老
9 anathematic a. hateful, loathsome 厌恶的;憎恶的
10 redundant 多余的;不需要
a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
的
11
12
13
meretricious
pedestrian
esoteric
巍
a. attractive in a cheap or false way
a. not interesting or unusual
a. only taught to or understood by members of a
虚有其表的
乏味的，无聊的
深奥难懂的
张
14 a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your
compelling 引人入胜的
attention
：

a. easy to notice or understand 明显的, 清楚的
17 foster v. to help (something) grow or develop 培养;鼓励
号
18 resemble v. to look or be like (someone or something) 显得像;像

19 plausible a. possibly true 有理的
20 aggregate v. to join or combine into a single group 总数;合计
众
21 sporadic a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular 零星的

or random instances
22 disproportionat a. having or showing a difference that is not fair, 太大(或太小)的
公
e reasonable, or expected: too large or too small

in relation to something
信
24 tactical a. of, relating to, or used for a specific plan that 策略上的
is created to achieve a particular goal in war,
politics, etc.
微
25 relish v. to enjoy or take pleasure in (something) 享受

27 choreograph 为(芭蕾舞或表
v. to decide how a dancer or group of dancers
演)设计舞蹈动
will move during a performance
作
182
28 rattle v. to upset or disturb (someone) 扰乱

30 acute a. having or showing an ability to think clearly 敏锐的
and to understand what is not obvious or simple
about something
31 exiguous a. excessively scanty : INADEQUATE 稀少的;不够的
RE
uncertain
33 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or greater 夸大（某事）
than it really is
G
34 unrelenting a. not slowing down, stopping, or growing 持续的;不缓和
weaker 的
师
36 backhanded （恭维话）讽刺
a. not direct or sincere
挖苦的
老
37 paltry a. very small or too small in amount; having little 微小的;不重要
meaning, importance, or worth 的
38 heartfelt a. deeply felt : very sincere 诚挚的
39
40
meager
abstraction
happiness
巍
a. not having enough of something for comfort or
n. a thought or thoughts about general qualities

贫乏的，不足的
抽象
张
or ideas rather than people or things
41 generality n. the quality or state of being general rather 概论
than specific or detailed
：
partial or biased
43 envisage v. to picture (something) in your mind 展望
号
众
公
信
微
183
Section 88
号
1 bristle v. to show signs of anger : to become angry 怒气冲冲
RE
G
师
8 redouble v. to greatly increase the size or amount of 加倍
(something)
a law or rule)
老
11 undervalue v. to value below the real worth 低估
12 converge v. to move toward one point and join together : to 汇集;聚集
13
14
disparate
repudiate
come together and meet 巍
a. different from each other
v. to refuse to accept or support (something)
不同的
拒绝接受
张
16 subordinate v. to think of or treat (someone or something) as
使从属于
a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or
：
从属的;下级的
position
17 defend v. to maintain or support in the face of argument 捍卫，支持
号
18 prejudice
19 n. the activity of reporting about an event or 新闻报道
coverage subject in newspapers, on television news
programs, etc.
众
20 panegyric n. something (such as a speech or a piece of 颂词

writing) that praises someone or something
21 overwrought a. very excited or upset 过度紧张的
公
22 calumny n. an untrue statement that is made to damage 诬蔑

someone's reputation
23 fulmination v. to complain loudly or angrily 严词谴责
信
24 objectionable a. not good or right : causing people to be 令人反感的;讨

offended 厌的
25 luminous a. producing or seeming to produce light 发光的
微
26 replete v. having much or plenty of something : filled with 充满

something
27 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; difficult 不透明的；难
to understand or explain 懂的
ingenuity
184
29 collapse v. to break apart and fall down suddenly 倒塌，坍塌

30 prevail v. to be usual, common, or popular 盛行;流行
31 wary a. not having or showing complete trust in 谨慎的
someone or something that could be dangerous
or cause trouble
32 temptation n. something that causes a strong urge or desire
to have or do something and especially 诱因
RE
something that is bad, wrong, or unwise
should be the same
34 crop up / （常指出其不
G
意地）出现
35 plausible a. possibly true 有理的
36 conceivable a. able to be imagined : imaginable or possible 可想象的;可信
师
的
37 foreseen v. to see or become aware of (something that has 预料;预见
not yet happened)
老
38 totem n. something (such as an animal or plant) that is 图腾
the symbol for a family, tribe, etc., especially
among Native Americans
39
40
iconoclastic
protean
巍
a. attacking settled beliefs or institutions
a. able to change into many different forms or
able to do many different things
打破旧习的
变幻无常的
41 idealize v. to think of or represent (someone or something) 将…理想化

张
as being perfect
42 emblematic a. representing something (such as an idea, state, 象征(性)的
or emotion) that cannot be seen by itself
：
43 slip n. a small mistake: blunder 差错

号
46 slur n. an insulting or disparaging remark or innuendo: 诽谤

aspersion
v. to speak in a way that is difficult to understand 含混不清地说
话(通常因醉酒
众
或疲劳)
公

50 exhilarating v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and 使高兴
信
excited
51 jibe v/n. to utter taunting words = (gibe) 嘲讽
v. to be in accord: AGREE (与…)一致，
微
相符
52 girth n. the size of someone or something measured 腰围
around the middle
53 aspersion n. a false or misleading charge meant to harm 诽谤
185
54 commendation n. the act of praising or approving of someone or 赞扬

something
55 falsehood n. the quality of not being true or accurate: false 虚假
quality
57 whim n. a sudden wish, desire, decision, etc. 突然的念头
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
186
Section 89
序
号
n. a strong liking for or attraction to someone or 密切关系
1 affinity
something
n. the quality or state of being complex or having 错综复杂
2 intricacy
many parts
RE
a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻性的
3 metaphorical refer to another thing in order to show or
a. relating to religious or political sects and the 派系的
G
4 sectarian
differences between them
5 baroque a. having many details or to o many details 复杂精美的
师
v. to decay or lose freshness especially because
6 spoil 毁掉
of being kept too long
7 render
v. to cause (someone or something) to be in a 使成为
specified condition
老
9 protract v. to make longer : draw out in time or space 拖延
自然的
10 spontaneous
巍
a. doing things that have not been planned but
that seem enjoyable and worth doing at a 自发的
particular time
张
多余的;不需要
11 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
的
：
13 culmination n. the end or final result of something 顶点;终点

14 startling a. very surprising, shocking, or frightening 令人吃惊的
v. to try to do something that is beyond your 不自量力
号
15 overreach
ability to do
n. something (such as an emergency) that might 偶发( 或不测、
16 contingency
happen 意外)事件
众
17 remunerative a. paying a lot of money 有酬劳的

18 ramshackle a. ready to fall down 摇摇欲坠的
a. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of (生活方式 ) 简朴
公
19 spartan luxury and comfort 的，清苦的

n. a person of great courage and self-discipline 勇敢守纪律的人
信

22 clownish a. like a clown: acting in a silly or funny way 滑稽的
23 button v. to close or fasten (something) with buttons 扣…的纽扣
微
v. to be in a hidden place : to wait in a secret or

24 lurk hidden place especially in order to do something 潜伏;潜在
wrong or harmful
25 raillery n. friendly joking about or with somebody 戏谑;逗趣
26 effusive a. expressing a lot of emotion 感情过分流露的
187
v. to choose not to do (something that you could 忍耐

27 forbear
do): to avoid doing or saying (something)
n. marked by capriciousness, recklessness, or
28 madcap 鲁莽的;狂妄的
foolishness
29 lugubrious a. full of sadness or sorrow 悲哀的
v. to teach (someone) in a way that improves the 启发
30 edify
mind or character
RE
31 facetious a. intended or trying to be funny 乱引人发笑的
32 reserved a. restrained in words and actions 话少的，保守的
33 beguiling a. agreeably or charmingly attractive or pleasing 诱人的;诱骗的
G
34 dismiss
a. relating to or causing much discussion, 引起争议的
35 controversial
师
36 compelling 引人入胜的
attention
v. to hurt or damage the good condition of
37 taint 使腐坏;污染
老
(something)
v. to do something helpful for (someone): to
38 accommodate provide what is needed or wanted for (someone 帮忙
or something)
39 a priori
巍
a. relating to what can be known through an
understanding of how certain things work rather
than by observation
由因及果的；推
理的
张
40 penetrate v. to discover the inner contents or meaning of 洞察；领悟
v. to make (something) no longer necessary: to 避免
41 obviate
v. to take the job or position of (someone or
：
42 displace 替代
something)
n. something that is unusual or peculiar in a
43 peculiarity 特性
person or thing
号
v. to be attracted to or toward something or

44 gravitate 被吸引
someone
n. the quality of being strange or unusual in
45 eccentricity 怪癖
behavior
众

n. a strong natural liking for something that is
癖性
公
48 proclivity
usually bad
49 wavering n. indecision in speech or action 犹豫
50 coward n. lacking courage 胆小鬼
信

v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.:
53 stagnate 停滞
微
54 coalesce v. to come together to form one group or mass 合并
55 conventional
a. used and accepted by most people: usual or 传统的
traditional
a. of, relating to, or dealing with the rudiments of 基本的,重要的
56 elemental
something: elementary
188
57 rudimentary a. basic or simple 基础的;基本的
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
189
Section 90
序
号
v. to maintain or support in the face of argument 捍卫，支持
1 defend
n. deliberate evasiveness in wording : the use
2 equivocation 含糊其辞
of ambiguous or equivocal language
RE
n.a stream of water or ice particles created in 轨迹
3 contrail
the sky by an airplane or rocket
愚昧无知的 ; 落后
4 benighted a. having no knowledge or education
的
G
5 multitudinous a. very many 大量的;众多的
a.stupid or unintelligent : not able to think clearly
6 obtuse 迟钝的;愚蠢的
师
or to understand what is obvious or simple
n. lack of honesty: the condition of being
7 mendacity 谎言
mendacious
8 abnegation n. denial 拒绝;放弃
老
9 guileless a. very innocent 厚道的;老实的
10 trenchant a. very strong, clear, and effective 锐利的
v. to make (something, such as an error or
11 compound 巍
problem) worse : to add to (something bad)
a/n. made up of two or more parts
a. causing doubt, uncertainty, or suspicion
使恶化
混合(的)
可疑的
张
12 dubious
14 intrinsic a. belonging to the essential nature of a thing 固有的，内在的
：
v. to repeat something you have already said in

15 reiterate 反复地做
16 controvert v. to say or prove that (something) is untrue 反驳
号
17 negate v. to cause (something) to not be effective 取消;使无效

v. to think about something and make guesses
about it : to form ideas or theories about 猜测
18 speculate
something usually when there are many things
众
not known about it

20 unwavering a. continuing in a strong and steady way 不动摇的;坚定的
公
a. expressing feelings or opinions in a very loud 喧嚣的; 大叫大嚷

21 vociferous or forceful way : expressed in a very loud or
的
forceful way
信
22 tepid a. not energetic or excited 不热情的

v. to deny that you know about or are involved
23 disavow 不承认
in (something)
24 retain v. to continue to have or use (something) 保持;持有
微
25 dissemble v. to hide your true feelings, opinions, etc. 伪装

(尤指药物或治疗
26 efficacy n. the power to produce a desired result or effect
方法的)功效
190
29 a cascade of / 一连串的
n. one haploid set of chromosomes with the
30 genome 染色体组
genes they contain
n. an object (such as a moon) that moves
31 satellite 卫星
around a much larger planet
32 lags far behind / 远远落后
RE
n. the act or process of gaining skill, knowledge, (知识、技能等的)
34 acquisition
etc. 获得
v. to begin to do or use (something, such as a
35 implement 执行，履行
plan) : to make (something) active or effective
G
v. to persuade someone to do something or to
36 cajole give you something by making promises or 哄骗;诱骗
saying nice things
师
v. to influence or persuade (a person or animal)
37 coax to do something by talking in a gentle and 哄劝;劝诱
friendly way
老
38 runs counter to / 与…背道而驰
n. the chemical processes by which a plant or
39 metabolism an animal uses food, water, etc., to grow and 新陈代谢
40
41
prophylactic
redundant
巍
heal and to make energy
a. designed to prevent disease
a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
预防疾病的
多余的;不需要的
42 trap n. a device for catching animals 陷阱
张
v. to remove (something that is not wanted or
消除
43 eliminate needed)
：

v. to cause (something or someone) to seem or
45 devalue 贬低
to be less valuable or important
号
v. to rate or value (someone or something) too 轻视

46 underrate
low
n. any member of the group of animals that 灵长目动物
47 primate
includes human beings, apes, and monkeys
众
v. to become or to cause (something) to become 减少

48 diminish v. to lessen the authority or reputation of
公
(someone or something) : to describe 轻视

(something) as having little value or importance
a. of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an
信
原始的
50 primitive early time in the very ancient past
a. very simple and basic 基本的
a. capable of being understood or 明白易懂的
51 intelligible
微
comprehended
a. basic or simple 基本的
52 rudimentary
191
Section 91
序
号
智力的; 脑力
1 intellectual a. of or relating to thought or understanding
的
2 trenchant a. very strong, clear, and effective 锐利的
RE
n. a feeling of being satisfied with how things are and
4 complacency not wanting to try to make them better : a 自满;自得
complacent feeling or condition
G
放弃（想做
的事或想得
师
6 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something)
之物）
(尤指对被自
己击败或曾
老
7 magnanimity n. the quality of being generous and noble 欺凌过自己
的人的)宽宏
大量
8 abstinence
or of liquor
巍
n. an avoidance by choice especially of certain foods
n. a reasonable and logical way of doing things or of

节制;禁欲
张
thinking about problems that is based on dealing
9 pragmatism 实用主义
with specific situations instead of on ideas and
theories
a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and
：
天真的
10 ingenuous candidness
号

a. displaying wealth, knowledge, etc., in a way that 炫耀的
14 ostentatious
众
is meant to attract attention, admiration, or envy

顽强的;坚决
15 tenacious a. very determined to do something
的
公

a. difficult to handle, control, or deal with because of
18 unwieldy 笨重的
信
being large, heavy, or complex

v. to free (someone) from someone else's control or 解放
19 emancipate
power
(文学、艺
微
20 genre n. a particular type or category of literature or art 术、电影或

音乐的)体裁
综合的;广泛
21 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly
的
22 factuality n. relating to or based on facts 真实性
192
23 veracity n. truth or accuracy 真实性

彻底的；完
24 thorough a. including every possible part or detail
全的
n. a position giving a strategic advantage,
26 vantage 优势
commanding perspective, or comprehensive view
27 wind up / 以…告终
RE
28 obscurity n. the state of being unknown or forgotten 默默无闻
29 normalcy n. a normal condition or situation 常态
30 eminent a. successful, well-known and respected 杰出的
G
31 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc. 平等主义的
循环的;周期
师
a. happening again and again in the same order :
33 cyclic
happening in cycles 的
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡
34 mundane
老
a. too important and respected to be changed,
35 sacrosanct 神圣的
criticized, etc.
a. no longer useful or acceptable : not modern or 过时的
36
37
outmoded
overrate
current 巍
v. to rate, value, or praise (someone or something)
too highly
对…评价过
高
张
38 canon n. an accepted principle or rule 准则;标准
a. representing something (such as an idea, state, 象征(性)的
39 emblematic
or emotion) that cannot be seen by itself
：
n. the way you think about or understand someone

40 perception 感知;洞察力
or something
号

a. involving or having information that disagrees with
44 contradictory 矛盾的
other information
众
45 divergent a. differing from each other or from a standard 不同的

a. concerned only with what is obvious or apparent:
粗略的
公

47
superficial a. affecting only the outer part or surface of
肤浅的
48 a. lying close to the surface 表层的
信
n. a person who is very enthusiastic about

49 fanatical 极端分子
something
冷漠的
微
50 indifferent concern for something: apathetic

51 diligent a. showing steady and earnest care and hard work 勤勉的
52 proficient a. good at doing something 精通的
193
冷淡的;无兴
53 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest
趣的
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
194
Section 92
序
号
RE
v. to exist or be done in order to remind
4 commemorate people of (an important event or person from 作为…的纪念
the past)
v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of
5 disdain 鄙视
G
6 tenacious a. very determined to do something 顽强的;坚决的
师
n. power to attract : a quality that attracts
8 allure 诱惑
people
9 refractory a. difficult to control or deal with 难以驾驭的
老
a. refusing to change your behavior or your
10 obstinate 固执的;顽固的
ideas
n. regard for or consideration of oneself or
11 self-regard 自我欣赏
one's own interests
12 brazen
巍
a. acting or done in a very open and shocking
way without shame or embarrassment
n. a great or foolish amount of pride or
厚颜无耻的
13 hubris 傲慢;狂妄
张
confidence
a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or
14 staunch 忠实的;坚定的
cause
(尤指对君主的)效忠
：
15 fealty n. loyalty to a person, group, etc.

宣誓
16 thorough a. including every possible part or detail 彻底的；完全的
n. skill or cleverness that allows someone to
号
17 ingenuity 独创力;聪明才智
solve problems, invent things, etc.
v. to deny that you know about or are
involved in (something)
众
19 appraise v. to set a value on 估计

公
22 obscurity n. the state of being unknown or forgotten 默默无闻

v. to cause someone to be no longer involved
23 estrange 疏远
or connected with something
n. the quality or state of being unknown to
信
24 anonymity most people : the quality or state of being 匿名的；无名的

anonymous
a. causing discussion, thought, argument, 激起争端的
微
25 provocative etc.
a. only taught to or understood by members 深奥难懂的
26 esoteric
of a special group: hard to understand
27 replicate v. to repeat or copy (something) exactly 复制
195
以观察或实验为依据
28 empirical a. based on testing or experience
的
v. to end (something, such as an argument) 解决（分歧、纠纷
29 settle
by reaching an agreement 等）
a. always right and accurate : making no
31 unerring 万无一失的
errors
RE
白热化的;极其激烈
32 white-hot a. very intense or active
的
a. having or showing an ability to think of new 有创意的;有新意的
33 inventive
ideas and methods : creative or imaginative
G
a. very attractive or pleasing in a way that 迷人的
34 engaging
holds your attention
师
a. feeling or showing concern for someone
35 compassionate 有同情心的
who is sick, hurt, poor, etc.
36 vigorous a. done with great force and energy 充满活力的
海绵
老
37 sponge /
a. always wanting more : not able to be
38 insatiable 无法满足的
satisfied
a. not straight or direct : having many twists 不直率的; 曲折的(道
39 devious and turns 巍
a. having or showing the unpleasant quality
路)
张
of people who want to be regarded as more
40 pretentious 自命不凡的，自负的
impressive, successful, or important than
they really are
a. having or showing a tendency to eat very
41 voracious 贪婪的，贪吃的
：
large amounts of food

a. getting what is wanted in a clever and 狡猾的
42 cunning
often deceptive way
n. something that looks or seems different
号
43 illusion from what it is : something that is false or not 幻想

real but that seems to be true or real
n. the act of saying something that is
众
44 contradiction opposite or very different in meaning to 矛盾

something else
n. something that exists only in the 幻想
45 chimera
imagination and is not possible in reality
公
a. something (such as a word, an object, or

an event) that is mistakenly placed in a time 时代错误的
where it does not belong in a story, movie,
46 anachronistic
信
etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong 过去的
to the past and not to fit in the present
微
196
Section 93
序
号
v. to pretend that a false behavior or feeling is 假装
1 affect
natural or genuine
2 at odds with / 与……不一致
嗜好
RE
3 predilection n. a natural liking for something
n. harsh or insulting words : rude and angry
4 invective 辱骂
language
5 tenacious a. very determined to do something 顽强的;坚决的
G
n. the quality or state of not supporting either
6 neutrality side in an argument, fight, war, etc. : the quality 中立状态
or state of being neutral
师
a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or
7 pugnacious 好挑衅的
argue
8 effusive a. expressing a lot of emotion 感情过分流露的
老
a. becoming angry very easily : having a bad 易怒的
9 irascible
temper
n. an amount that is less than what is needed or
11
12
paucity
transparency
wanted 巍
n. the quality that makes it possible to see
through something
缺乏
透明
张
n. the quality that makes something obvious or 通俗易懂
easy to understand
v. to say or write good things about (someone
13 praise 赞扬
or something)
：
to treat (someone) as a very important and

14 lionize 把…奉为名人
famous person
v. to assail by words or arguments : oppose or 对…表示怀疑;
15 impugn
号
attack as false or lacking integrity 置疑

v. to try to be like (someone or something you
16 emulate 模仿
admire)
more often than
众
17 / 往往;多半
not
n. the appearance of a person's face : a 面容;脸色
公
person's expression
19 countenance
v. to accept, support, or approve of (something):
支持;赞成
sanction
信
n. the state of being in a place or situation that

21 isolation 隔离
is separate from others
a. not likely to bother or offend anyone : not 可以接受的;无
微
22 unobjectionable
objectionable 异议的
a. concerned only with what is obvious or
粗略的
23 superficial a. affecting only the outer part or surface of 肤浅的
197
24 cordial a. politely pleasant and friendly 友好的

n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is
25 idealism possible to live according to very high standards 理想主义
26 rigid a. not easily changed 严格的，刻板的
v. to make (something) dangerous, dirty, or
27 contaminate impure by adding something harmful or 污染
RE
undesirable to it
a. capable of being passed to someone else by
28 infectious 传染性的
germs that enter the body
（表示遗憾或不
n. a short, low sound that is used to show
G
29 cluck 赞成）发出啧啧
disapproval or sympathy
声
n. a person who has very strong feelings about
师
something (such as religion or politics) and who (尤指宗教或政
30 zealot
wants other people to have those feelings : a 治的)狂热分子
zealous person
老
n. the feeling of not having much emotion or 冷淡;漠然
31 apathy
interest
n. the behavior of people who do things that
they tell other people not to do : behavior that
32 hypocrisy
巍
does not agree with what someone claims to
believe or feel
n. the support for a person or group without fair
伪善;虚伪
偏袒
33 partisanship
张
n . the quality or state of being passive or
34 passivity 被动
submissive
：
36 baffle v. to confuse (someone) completely 使困惑

v. to make (someone) nervous, worried, or
37 unsettle 扰乱;使担忧
upset
号
38 termite / 白蚁
39 reprehend v. to voice disapproval of: censure 谴责
v. to express approval of or support for 称赞;赞许
40 applaud
众
v. to criticize or express disapproval of 强烈反对
41 deprecate
v. to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime
公
42 exonerate 宣布(某人)无罪
or responsible for a problem, bad situation, etc.
v. to praise (something) loudly and publicly
44 trumpet 大声宣扬
信
especially in a way that is annoying

n. a meeting at which a subject can be
45 forum 讨论会
discussed
v. to surprise or frighten (someone) suddenly
微
46 startle 使惊吓
and usually not seriously
v. to increase the level of (something) : to make
47 elevate 提升
(something) higher
198
50 strenuous a. requiring or showing great energy and effort 繁重的;艰苦的

a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不带偏
51 dispassionate
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 见的
52 strident a. sounding harsh and unpleasant 刺耳的
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
199
Section 94
序
号
v. to make (something, such as a problem)
2 ameliorate 改善
better, less painful, etc.
RE
a. belonging to the basic nature of someone
3 inherent 固有的;内在的
or something
v. to leave out (something) : to not include 不包括
4 exclude
(something)
a. having or showing the unpleasant quality
G
of people who want to be regarded as more
5 pretentious 自命不凡的，自负的
impressive, successful, or important than
师
they really are
a. relating to or causing much discussion,
6 controversial 引起争议的
a. not pleasing or likable : causing you to feel
7 off-putting 令人讨厌的
老
dislike of someone or something
=layman: n. a person who is not a member
8 layperson 外行
of a certain profession
非常，及其
9
10
11
nothing if not
formidable
lighthearted
/
巍
a. very difficult to deal with
a. having or showing a cheerful and happy
令人敬畏的
无忧无虑的
nature
张
n. a list of the books, magazines, articles,
12 bibliography 参考文献
etc., that are mentioned in a text
n. someone or something that gives a feeling
：
13 solace of comfort to a person who is sad, 安慰

depressed, etc. : a source of comfort
v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to
号
15 initiate 开始
start or begin (something)
16 intact a. not broken or damaged : having every part 完好无损
众
v. to change into a vapor or to cause

18 vaporize (使)汽化
(something) to change into a vapor
公
20 agglomerate v. to gather into a ball, mass, or cluster 聚结

n. a situation in which people admire and (对生活方式、看
21 cult care about something or someone very
法、观念等的)狂热
much or too much
信
22 foster v. to help (something) grow or develop 培养;鼓励

v. to actively second and encourage
微
24 abet 煽动;怂恿
(something, such as an activity or plan)
v. to say publicly and forcefully that you 谴责
25 decry
regard (something) as bad, wrong, etc.
n. the appearance of a person's face : a
26 countenance 面容;脸色
person's expression
200
v. to accept, support, or approve of 支持;赞成

(something): sanction
v. to say in a strong and definite way that
27 condemn 谴责
n. a person who argues for or supports
29 proponent 支持者
something
RE
v. to say or write very harsh and critical things
30 vilify 诽谤
v. to maintain or support in the face of
31 defend 捍卫，支持
argument or hostile criticism
v. to describe (someone or something) as
G
32 belittle 贬低;小看
little or unimportant
33 vendor n. one that sells something 小贩
师
34 luminary a. a very famous or successful person 权威;有影响的人物
a. moving, changing, or developing by fine or 逐步的;以无法察觉
35 gradual
often imperceptible degrees 的度进行改变的
老
36 negligible a. very small or unimportant 不重要的
n. a very large number of insects moving
37 swarm 一大群
together
38 erratic 巍
a. acting, moving, or changing in ways that
are not expected or usual
反复无常
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
201
Section 95
序
号
a. very strange or unusual: extremely different
2 outlandish 奇异的
from what is normal or expected
RE
n. a feeling of fear that causes you to hesitate
3 trepidation because you think something bad or unpleasant 惊恐
is going to happen
n. a strong feeling of surprise or sudden 惊愕;惊恐
4 consternation
disappointment that causes confusion
G
5 gratitude n. a feeling of appreciation or thanks 感激之情;感谢
n. calm emotions when dealing with problems or
6 equanimity 沉着，冷静
师
pressure
v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and
7 exhilarate 使高兴
excited
老
a. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions,
公正的
9 disinterested or concerns
a. not interested 冷漠;无兴趣
10
11
controversial
capricious
巍
a. changing often and quickly
引起争议的
变化多的
张
12 stringency a. very strict or severe 严厉的
n. something pleasant or helpful : a benefit or
13 boon 益处
advantage
v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as
：
14 circumvent 避免
a law or rule)
v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start 开始
16 initiate
号
17 undermine
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
众
v. to make (something) clear and easier to

18 illuminate 阐明
understand
v. to ruin the beauty or perfection of (something) :
19 mar to hurt or damage the good condition of 毁坏;损毁
公
(something)
n. the act of repeating over and over often
20 rote 生搬硬套
without attention to meaning
信
基于观察或经验
21 empirical a. based on testing or experience
的
(意外发现或发
n. luck that takes the form of finding valuable or 明新奇或有价值
微
22 serendipity
pleasant things that are not looked for
事物的)运气
v. to form an opinion or to make an estimate （根据已知信
23 extrapolate
about something from known facts 息）推测
v. to work with another person or group in order
24 collaborate 合作
to achieve or do something
202
n. one of the two times during the year when the (夏或冬)至
25 solstice
sun is farthest north or south of the equator
空前的;没有先
26 unprecedented a. not done or experienced before
例的
a. not found elsewhere: never seen or
27 unparalleled 空前的
experienced before
a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通
RE
28 unexceptional
exceptional 的
29 for all / 尽管
n. a very fancy and attractive quality that is
30 glitz 华丽;浮华
associated with rich or famous people
G
31 glamour n. a very exciting and attractive quality 吸引力
32 forerunner n. a sign of something that is going to happen 预兆;前兆
师
n. a substance that stops the harmful effects of a 解毒药
poison
33 antidote 消除不愉快的事
n. something that corrects or improves the bad
物
老
effects of something
n. a short period of time when you are able to stop
doing something that is difficult or unpleasant or
34 respite 暂缓
when something difficult or unpleasant stops or is
35 rebuke
delayed
(someone)
巍
v. to speak in an angry and critical way to
指责;批评
张
to treat (someone) as a very important and
36 lionize 把…奉为名人
famous person
v. to give up or leave (someone or something)
37 forsake 抛弃，遗弃
entirely
：
v. to say or write good things about (someone or

38 eulogize 称赞;颂扬
something)
39 enviable a . causing envy : very desirable 令人羡慕的
号

41 controversial 引起争议的
42 prominent a. important and well-known 著名的;杰出的
众
公
信
微
203
Section 96
序
号
1 mitochondrial / 线粒体的
v. to ask questions or express doubt about
2 query 怀疑
(something)
引发;触发
RE
3 spark v. to set off
n. a person who enjoys and knows a lot about
4 gourmet 美食家
good food and wine
5 underemphasize v. to fail to emphasize adequately 对…强调不够
G
n. a sudden happening that causes suffering or
师
8 blow 打击
loss
n. illegal or dishonest activity especially by a
9 malfeasance 不法行为
老
a. strongly supporting one leader, group, or
10 partisan 盲目拥护
cause over another
a. extremely good and deserving to be admired
11 exemplary 典范的
and copied
12 fabricate 巍
v. to make up for the purpose of deception
a. in good health
编造;捏造
健全的
合理的,正确的
13 sound a. free from mistakes
张
a. causing doubt, uncertainty, or suspicion 可疑的
14 dubious
：

16 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分的
a. having or showing a tendency to eat very large 贪婪的，贪吃
号
17 voracious
amounts of food 的
v. to become more severe or strong or to make
18 stiffen (使)变强硬
(something) more severe or strong
众

21 tremendous a. very large or great 巨大的
公
a. done or said in a way that is planned or

22 deliberate intended: done or said on purpose; done or 故意的;慎重的
a. very new and different from what is traditional
信
标新立异
23 radical or ordinary
a. feeling or showing doubt about doing 不情愿的
24 reluctant
微

v. to do something that is not allowed by (a law, 违反
25 violate
rule, etc.)
违反(法律或规
26 contravene v. to fail to do what is required by (a law or rule)
则)
204
v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of 超越

27 transcend
(something)
28 mandatory a. required by a law or rule 强制的
reach an agreement : to settle differences by 妥协
RE
31 compromise means of a compromise
v. to put (someone or something) in a particular 排列;布置
32 dispose
position or place
G
v. to give control of (something) to another
34 cede 割让;让给
师
person, group, government, etc.
v. to destroy (something) in an orderly way : to
35 dismantle (逐渐)废除
gradually cause (something) to come to an end
v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿
老
36 relinquish such as power, control, or possession) to another
地)放弃
person or group
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
205
Section 97
序
号
1 testament n. proof or evidence that something exists or is true 证据;证明
n. material (such as stones and sand) that is carried
2 sediment 沉淀物
into water by water, wind, etc.
污浊不清的
RE
3 turbid a. not clean or clear : cloudy or muddy
4 stagnant a. not active, changing, or progressing 停滞的
5 fathom v. to understand the reason for (something) 理解
G
7 brackish a. somewhat salty 咸的
8 qualify v. to limit or modify the meaning of 限定
师
v. to repeat something you have already said in 反复地做
9 reiterate
老
n. the quality of something that is not very good : the 平庸;普通
12 mediocrity
quality or state of being mediocre
n. the quality or state of being unknown to most 匿名的；无
13
14
anonymity
downplay
巍
people : the quality or state of being anonymous
v. to make (something) seem smaller or less
important
名的
轻描淡写
张
a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
16 extraneous
important 的;
：
a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自然的

17 spontaneous
a. doing things that have not been planned but that
自发的
号
n. the state of thinking of or describing something as 夸张

18 exaggeration
larger or greater than it really is
n. the act or art of speaking or performing without
19 improvisation 即兴演奏
众
practicing or preparing ahead of time

v. to give (secret information) to someone so that it 泄漏
20 leak
becomes known to the public
v. to stay somewhere beyond the usual or expected
徘徊
公
21 linger
time
23 pressing a. very important and needing immediate attention 急迫的
信
a. requiring immediate attention : needing to be dealt 急迫的

24 exigent
with immediately
a. having many complexly interrelating parts or
25 intricate 复杂的
elements
微
n. money that is made by or paid to a business or an

26 revenue 收益
organization
a. having or showing an ability to understand things
27 shrewd and to make good judgments: mentally sharp or 精明的
clever
206
（行动/计划
28 effectual a. producing a desired result or effect
等）有效的
29 canny a. very clever and able to make intelligent decisions 精明谨慎的
30 illicit a. not allowed by law : unlawful or illegal 违法的
a. a selfish desire to have more of something
31 greed 贪心
(especially money)
RE
33 timidity n. feeling or showing a lack of courage or confidence 胆小
n. fear that something bad or unpleasant is going to
34 apprehension 恐惧
happen : a feeling of being worried about the future
G
冷漠的
师
(光、声、味)
36 faint a. hardly perceptible: DIM
微弱的
v. to make (something, such as a belief, feeling, or
37 dispel 驱逐
老
idea) go away or end
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
207
Section 98
序
号
n. an original or first model of something from which 原型
1 prototype
other forms are copied or developed
a. characteristic of, suggestive of, or inclined to be a
标新立异的
maverick
RE
2 maverick 言行与众不
n. a person who refuses to follow the customs or
rules of a group 同者
n. someone who is guilty of a crime or offense : a
3 malefactor 犯罪分子
person whose behavior is wrong or evil
G
n. a person or thing that is perfect or excellent in
4 paragon some way and should be considered a model or 模范
师
example to be copied
5 aversion n. a strong feeling of not liking something 厌恶;憎恶
v. to publicly or officially say that you support or
6 endorse 支持
老
a. allowing a lot of freedom and not punishing bad
7 lenient 仁慈;宽大
behavior in a strong way : not harsh, severe, or strict
8 scrupulous a. careful in doing what is right and proper 严谨的
9 spontaneous
巍
a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way
a. doing things that have not been planned but that
自然的
自发的
张
v. to read and correct mistakes in (a written or 校对
10 proofread
printed piece of writing)
11 oblivious a. not conscious or aware of someone or something 未注意
：
a. having or showing strong opinions about what is 说教的

12 moralistic
right behavior and what is wrong behavior
13 status quo / 现状
号
a. having or showing simultaneous and

14 ambivalent contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something 矛盾的
or someone
众

reach an agreement : to settle differences by means 妥协
16 compromise of a compromise
公

a. existing or accepted for the present time but likely
17 provisional 临时的
to be changed
18 stalemate n. a drawn contest: deadlock 僵局
信
n. a problem that makes progress more difficult or

19 setback 挫折;阻碍
success less likely
v. to cause people or groups to become friendly
20 reconcile 使和解
微
again after an argument or disagreement

a. existing in, belonging to, or determined by factors
22 innate 先天的
present in an individual from birth: NATIVE, INBORN
v. to come or go into a place where you are not
23 intrude 侵入
wanted or welcome
208
24 nomadic a. roaming about from place to place 游牧的

n. a strong natural liking for something that is usually
25 proclivity 癖性
bad
v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone or
27 disdain 鄙视
something)
a. of, relating to, or used for a specific plan that is
RE
28 tactical created to achieve a particular goal in war, politics, 策略上的
etc.
30 sleazy a. dishonest or immoral 卑鄙的
G
卑鄙的;丑恶
31 sordid a. very bad or dishonest
的
师
重（量）；
33 heft n. weight or heaviness
重要（性）
老
v. to have a lot of curves instead of going in a straight
34 meander 迂回曲折
or direct line : to follow a winding course
35 circuitous a. not straight, short, and direct 迂回的
36 truncate v. to make (something) shorter 缩短
37
38
rambling
hone
巍
a. to go from one subject to another without any
clear purpose or direction
v. to make more acute, intense, or effective: WHET
冗长含糊的
磨练
张
40 de-emphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 不再重视
：
号
众
公
信
微
209
Section 99
序
号
空前的;没有先
1 unprecedented a. not done or experienced before
例的
a. done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being
2 furtive 鬼鬼祟祟的
RE
noticed
3 heed v. to pay attention to (advice, a warning, etc.) 留心
n. a lawyer who represents the side in a court case
4 prosecutor that accuses a person of a crime and who tries to 公诉人
G
prove that the person is guilty
a. not feeling or showing emotions such as
5 hard-boiled 不动感情的
affection or kindness : emotionally tough
师
a. causing no injury 无害的
6 innocuous
a. showing that you do not understand something
7 quizzical 诧异的
老
or that you find something strange or amusing
8 evasive a. not honest or direct 推托的
a. made or done with great care or with much detail 精巧的
9 elaborate
10 brazen
巍
v. to give more details about something
a. acting or done in a very open and shocking way
without shame or embarrassment
详尽说明
厚颜无耻的
v. to limit or restrict (something or someone)
张
11 trammel 限制
unfairly
13 exiguous a. excessively scanty: INADEQUATE 稀少的
：
（文章或谈
14 ponderous 话）冗长乏味
a. very boring or dull
的
号
n. pleasure and sadness that is caused by

remembering something from the past and wishing 怀旧
15 nostalgia that you could experience it again
众
软弱的;不结实
16 flaccid a. not firm : not hard or solid
的;
n. something that interferes with movement or
公
17 impediment 妨碍
progress
18 hasty a. done or made very quickly 匆忙的
信
v. to take back or reclaim (something) for one's

20 reappropriate 重新解释
own purposes
n. the process of heating a liquid until it gives off a 蒸馏
21 distillation
微
gas and then cooling the gas until it becomes liquid

v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: to 停滞
22 stagnate
be or become stagnant
a. relating to the idea that all people should be 民主的
23 democratic
treated equally
210
a. insulting to someone or something : expressing 轻蔑的

24 pejorative
criticism
v. to break or ignore (a law, rule, etc.) without
25 flout hiding what you are doing or showing fear or 藐视
shame
v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of
26 transcend 超越
(something)
RE
28 fungible a. capable of mutual substitution 可替代的
a. likely to spoil or decay quickly : not likely to stay
29 perishable 易变质的
fresh for a long time if not eaten or used
G
30 integral a. very important and necessary 不可或缺的
31 inimitable a. impossible to copy or imitate 无法仿效的
a. based on something that is not true or real:
师
32 illusory 虚幻的
v. to make (something, such as a belief, feeling, or 驱逐
33 dispel
idea) go away or end
老
v. to deny that you know about or are involved in
(something)
35 dismiss
36
37
compelling
incontrovertible
attention
巍
a. not able to be doubted or questioned

引人入胜的
不容置疑的
张
n. the act of praising or approving of someone or
38 commendation 赞扬
something
n. money that a country or group that loses a war (战败国的 )赔
39 reparation pays because of the damage, injury, deaths, etc.,
：
款
it has caused
n. something that you say, give, or do to show
40 tribute 致敬，颂词
respect or affection for someone
号
n. a public statement that strongly criticizes

41 denunciation someone or something as being bad or wrong : a 公开谴责
statement that denounces something or someone
n. an official written statement charging a person
众
42 indictment 控诉;谴责
with a crime
公
信
微
211
Section 100
序
号
v. to take (something, such as a vehicle or 征用;强占
1 commandeer
building) by force especially for military purposes
v. to take or use (something) especially in a way
2 appropriate 挪用;占用
that is illegal, unfair, etc.
RE
v. to make (something) more difficult to 困惑
3 obfuscate
understand
4 cavil v. to complain about things that are not important 吹毛求疵
5 vacillation n. inability to take a stand : irresolution, indecision 犹豫不决
G
n. the unfair practice by a powerful person (such
6 cronyism as a politician) of giving jobs and other favors to 任人唯亲
师
friends
a. very thin 稀薄的
7 tenuous a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, weak, or
站不住脚的
uncertain
老
v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard
9 decry 谴责
10
11
enamor
extraction
巍
v. to cause (someone) to be loved or admired
n. the act or process of getting something by
pulling it out, forcing it out, etc.
使迷恋
提取;提炼;
张
n. a strong feeling of dislike or hatred : a desire to
12 antagonism 敌意
oppose something you dislike or disagree with
n. the action of entangling : the state of being
13 entanglement 纠缠;缠住
entangled
：

v. to officially give (someone) the power to do
15 mandate 授权
something
号

reach an agreement : to settle differences by 妥协
16 compromise means of a compromise
众
v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as 避免

17 circumvent
a law or rule)
a. something (such as a word, an object, or an
公
event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it 时代错误的

18 anachronistic does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to the 过去的
past and not to fit in the present
信
n. something regarded with disgust or hatred:

19 abomination 憎恶
something abominable
n. someone or something that is hard to 费解的事物
20 enigma
微
understand
a. not helpful : making the thing you want to 事与愿违
21 counterproductive
happen less likely to happen
a. returning to an earlier and usually worse state 退化的
22 retrograde
or condition
23 belabor v. to attack or criticize (someone) 责骂
212
24 shun v. to avoid (someone or something) 避免

v. to avoid especially because you do not think it
25 eschew 避免
误解(某人的
26 misconstrue v. to understand (something) incorrectly
言行)
v. to laugh at or make fun of (someone or 嘲笑; (模仿 )
27 mock something) especially by copying an action or a
RE
嘲弄
way of behaving or speaking
a. likely to cause people to argue or disagree 引起争议的
G
30 contentious
n. ideas or guesses about something that is not
31 speculation 推测
师
known
n. the quality or state of not supporting either side
32 neutrality in an argument, fight, war, etc. : the quality or 中立状态
state of being neutral
老
n. treating all people and groups equally: not 公正
33 impartiality
partial or biased
a. lacking confidence 缺乏自信的
34 diffident 巍
a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of
self-confidence
踌躇的
愉快的心
n. the ability of someone or something to continue
张
35 buoyancy 情 ;( 经济的 )
to be happy, strong, etc., through difficult times
繁荣
：
a. a selfish desire to have more of something

37 greed 贪心
(especially money)
n. feeling or showing a lack of courage or
号
39 timidity 胆小
confidence
n. fear that something bad or unpleasant is going
40 apprehension to happen : a feeling of being worried about the 恐惧
众
future
冷漠的
公
信
微
213
Section 101
序
号
n. a particular type or category of literature or (文学、艺术、电
1 genre
art 影或音乐的)体裁
a. very strange or ugly in a way that is not
2 grotesque 怪诞的;荒唐的
RE
normal or natural
n. a weight that provides a balance against 抗衡的行为 ( 或提
3 counterweight
something of equal weight 议)
n. something that is the result of an action, 后果
4 ramification
G
decision, etc.
n. an action, behavior, or condition that is 背离;偏离
5 deviation
different from what is usual or expected
师
grandiosity n. being impressive because of uncommon 宏伟；辉煌
6
humility n. the quality or state of not thinking you are 谦恭
7
老
冷漠的
9 obsess
bookish
something too much
巍
v. to think and talk about someone or
a. more interested in reading books and

使痴迷;使迷恋
学究似的
张
10 studying than doing more physical activities
(such as sports)
a. related to the mind rather than to feelings : 大脑的; 智力的
11 cerebral
intellectual and not emotional
：
12
didactic a. designed or intended to teach people 说教的
something
v. to notice or recognize a difference between 区别
13 distinguish
people or things
号
v. to deny that you know about or are involved 不承认

14 disavow
in (something)
a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重的
众
15 deliberate intended: done or said on purpose; done or

16
episode n. an event or a short period of time that is 片段
important or unusual
公
17 foliage n. the leaves of a plant or of many plants (植物的)叶

18 grip v. to grab or hold (something) tightly 紧握
19 pliable a. able to bend, fold, or twist easily 易弯曲的
信
a. too easily influenced or controlled by other 易受影响的

20
people
21 pharaohs n. a ruler of ancient Egypt 法老(古埃及国王)
微
22 disconcert v. to make (someone) upset or embarrassed 令人不安

unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通的
23
exceptional
a. existing or continuing in the same way for a 多年生的; 持续的
24 perennial
long time
214
v. to decree or ordain in advance: 预知;注定;命中注

25 preordain
FOREORDAIN 定
26 inevitable a. sure to happen 必然的
n. a group of four singers or musicians who 四重奏乐团
27 quartet
perform together
28 austere a. stern and cold in appearance or manner 简朴的
n. an unnecessary display of wealth,
RE
(对财富、知识、
29 ostentation knowledge, etc., that is done to attract
技能的)炫耀
attention, admiration, or envy
30 vitality n. a lively or energetic quality 生命力;活力
31 reprehensible a. very bad : deserving very strong criticism 应受指责的
G
32 explicable a. possible to explain 可解释;可说明
a. very bad in a way that causes shock, fear, or
33 deplorable 糟透的
师
disgust : deserving to be deplored
n. a person who argues for or supports 支持者
34 proponent
something
坚决的; 坚定不移
老
a. not willing to change an opinion or decision :
35 adamant
very determined 的
36 suffrage n. the right to vote in an election 选举权;投票权
v. to show or express strong disagreement with
37
38
protest
criticize
巍
or disapproval of something
v. to express disapproval of (someone or
something)
抗议
批评
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
215
Section 102
序
号
1 fleeting a. not lasting: lasting for only a short time 短暂的
生气勃勃的;精
3 vibrant a. having or showing great life, activity, and energy
RE
力充沛的
a. bringing thoughts, memories, or feelings into the
5 evocative 唤起的
mind
G
n. the original pattern or model of which all things
6 archetype of the same type are representations or copies: 典型
PROTOTYPE
师
7 overeager a. too eager 过于热切的
a. not decreasing or becoming weaker : remaining 蓬勃的;不松懈
8 unflagging
strong 的
老
a. having the ability to know or understand things
9 intuitive without any proof or evidence: having or 凭直觉获知的
10
11
economical
paradox
巍
a. using money, resources, etc., carefully
节俭的
悖论
张
12 fallacy n. a wrong belief : a false or mistaken idea 谬见;谬论
13 naval a. of or relating to a country's navy 海军的
v. to make (something) solid or hard or to become
：
14 solidify (使)凝固
solid or hard
降低，削弱(尤
15 degrade v. to make the quality of (something) worse
指质量)
号

众
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood by

深奥难懂的
only a few people
obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and
19 模糊的
with certainty
公
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of

掩盖，使模糊
20 carnivorous a. feeding on animal flesh or tissue (动物)食肉的
信
(药物的) 副作
21 side effect /
用
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱（信
22 undermine
微
effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）

n. something that is added to something else in
23 supplement 增补
n. something that interferes with movement or
24 impediment 妨碍
progress
216
26 sweeping a. including or involving many things 影响广泛的

27 shoddy a. poorly done or made 劣质的;卑鄙的
n. someone or something that has the same job or
28 counterpart 对应的人或物
purpose as another
极其相似的人
29 parallel n. something that is equal or similar (或情况、事件
等)
RE
a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way
自然的
30 spontaneous a. doing things that have not been planned but that
seem enjoyable and worth doing at a particular 自发的
G
time
n. careful thought or discussion done in order to
31 deliberation 深思熟虑
make a decision
师
32 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not serious 反复无常的
a. having or showing an ability to think of new ideas 有创意的;有新
33 inventive
and methods : creative or imaginative 意的
老
(光、声、味 )
35 faint a. hardly perceptible: DIM
微弱的
36 elegy
巍
n. a sad poem or song : a poem or song that
expresses sorrow for someone who is dead
a. difficult to understand : having or seeming to
挽歌;哀歌
37 cryptic 晦涩难懂的
张
have a hidden meaning
a. intended to make someone believe something 骗人的
38 deceptive
that is not true
：
39 elusive
v. to hold the attention of (someone) entirely : to
40 mesmerize interest or amaze (someone) so much that nothing 迷住;吸引
号
else is seen or noticed

42 perceptible a. able to be seen or noticed : able to be perceived 可察觉到的
众
公
信
微
217
Section 103
号
1 archetype n. the original pattern or model of which all things of 典型
the same type are representations or copies:
PROTOTYPE
2 incendiary a. containing chemicals that explode into flame : 纵火的;能
RE
producing a fire 引起燃烧的
a. causing anger 煽动性的
G
4 dazzling a. brilliantly or showily bright, colorful, or impressive 辉煌的;灿
烂的
5 candid a. expressing opinions and feelings in an honest and 直言不讳的
师
sincere way
6 replicable a. capable of replication 可复制的
7 postpone v. to decide that something which had been planned 延迟;延期
老
for a particular time will be done at a later time
instead
8 ascertain v. to find out with certainty 查明;弄清
9
10
circumvent
deficit
law or rule)
巍
v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as a
n. a shortage especially in money

避免
亏损
张
12 incontrovertible a. not able to be doubted or questioned 不容置疑的
13 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有
害的
：
14 foreseen v. to see or become aware of (something that has 预料;预见

not yet happened)
15 ameliorate v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, 改善
号
less painful, etc.

16 shun v. to avoid (someone or something) 避免
众

18 tragic a. involving very sad or serious topics : of or relating 悲惨的;悲
to tragedy 痛的
公
19 interject v. to interrupt what someone else is saying with (a 打断(别人

comment, remark, etc.) 的讲话)
20 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence people and 华而不实的
信
that may not be honest or reasonable 言语

21 dispassionate a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 带偏见的
微

24 enamor v. to cause (someone) to be loved or admired 使迷恋
25 eloquent a. having or showing clear and forceful expression 口才流利的
218
26 verbose a. using more words than are needed 冗长的;啰

唆的
27 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的;不
需要的
28 long-winded a. using too many words in speaking or writing 啰嗦的
29 curt a. said or done in a quick and impolite way 简短而失礼
RE
的
30 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平
spiritual things 凡的
G
32 implacable a. opposed to someone or something in a very angry 无法安抚的
or determined way that cannot be changed
33 prepossessing a. having qualities that people like : appealing or 外表吸引人
师
attractive 的
34 unremarkable a. not worthy of special attention or notice 平凡的;平
庸的
老
35 unruffled a. not upset or disturbed 镇定的;沉
着的
36 trumpet v. to praise (something) loudly and publicly 大声宣扬
37 sanctuary
巍
especially in a way that is annoying
n. a place where someone or something is protected
or given shelter
保护;避难
所
张
39 startle v. to surprise or frighten (someone) suddenly and 使惊吓
usually not seriously
：
40 blunt a. saying or expressing something in a very direct 直言不讳的

way that may upset some people
41 ingratiate v. to gain favor or approval for (yourself) by doing or 讨好;巴结
saying things that people like
号

43 unctuous a. used to describe someone who speaks and 谄媚的;拍
众
behaves in a way that is meant to seem friendly and 马奉迎的

polite but that is unpleasant because it is obviously
not sincere
44 vitriol n. harsh and angry words 尖酸刻薄
公
45 bombast n. speech or writing that is meant to sound important 华而不实的

or impressive but is not sincere or meaningful 言辞
信
微
219
Section 104
号
1 tenor n . the highest adult male singing voice 男高音
2 self-effacing a. not trying to get attention or praise for yourself 谦逊的
or your abilities
颂词
RE
3 panegyric n. something (such as a speech or a piece of
writing) that praises someone or something
4 vainglorious a. having or showing too much pride in your 自负的;自命不
abilities or achievements 凡的
G
5 discursive a. talking or writing about many different things in 离题的
a way that is not highly organized
6 divergent a. differing from each other or from a standard 不同的
师
8 nothing if not / 非常，及其
老
10 voluminous very large : containing a lot of space 很大的
12
13
nuance
unyielding
etc.
巍
n. a very small difference in color, tone, meaning,
a. not changing or stopping

细微差别
顽强不屈的
14 dwarf v. to make (something) look very small or 矮小
张
unimportant when compared with something else
15 exotic a. very different, strange, or unusual 外来的
16 quantum n. physics : the smallest amount of many forms of 量子
：
energy (such as light)

17 photon n. physics: a tiny particle of light or electromagnetic 光子
radiation
裂开
号
18 crack v. to break (something) so that there are lines in its

surface but it is usually not separated into pieces
19 pernicious a. causing great harm or damage often in a way 有害的
that is not easily seen or noticed
众
20 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡的

spiritual things
21 tough a. physically strong and violent 强硬的
公
22 distinguished a. known by many people because of some quality 杰出的;著名的

or achievement
23 intrepid a. feeling no fear: very bold or brave 无畏的;勇敢的
24 self-imposed a. required by you of yourself : not given to you by 自愿负担的
信
someone else
微
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to 使(金属)回火

26 moderate a/v. calm, temperate 缓和 ( 的 ); 适度
(的)
220
28 preempt v. to take the place of (something) 抢占

30 preface v. to introduce (a piece of writing, a speech, a 为…写序言
remark, etc.) by writing or saying something
drug problem, etc.
RE
admire)
33 safeguard v. to make (someone or something) safe or secure 保护
34 cap n. an upper limit 最高限额
G
师
elements
38 tedious a. boring and too slow or long 冗长的; 单调
乏味的
老
40 vacuous a. having or showing a lack of intelligence or 空洞无物的
serious thought : lacking meaning, importance, or
41 tortuous
substance 巍
a. complicated, long, and confusing or having
many twists and turns
冗长费解的;弯
曲的
张
42 formulaic a. being not original and having been used many 老套的，公式
times before in similar situations 化的
：
号
众
公
信
微
221
Section 105
序
号
逐渐削弱
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less
2 undermine （信心、权
effective usually in a secret or gradual way
RE
威等）
恢复使用;
4 resurrect v. to bring (a dead person) back to life
使复兴
G
5 topple v. to remove (a government or a leader) from power 推翻
v. to praise (something) loudly and publicly especially 大声宣扬
6 trumpet
师
in a way that is annoying
7 thrift n. careful use of money so that it is not wasted 节约
n. the act or process of using up something (as food
8 consumption 消费
or coal)
老
n. the quality that makes it possible to see through
透明
something
9 transparency
n. the quality that makes something obvious or easy
通俗易懂
10 otherwise
to understand 巍
adv. in a different way or manner; in other respects
在其他方
面; 以其他
张
方式
11 insipid a. dull or boring 枯燥的
a. capable of being passed to someone else by germs
12 infectious 传染性的
that enter the body
：
a. causing no injury 无害的

13 innocuous
a. marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress
号
14 captious 吹毛求疵的
faults and raise objections
v. to make (someone) pleased and satisfied : to make
15 content 满意
(someone) content
众
16 forsake v. to give up or leave (someone or something) entirely 抛弃，遗弃

a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of people
自命不凡的
公
18 pretentious who want to be regarded as more impressive,

successful, or important than they really are
a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端的
19 provocative
信
n. a record of the order in which a series of events 年代学;

20 chronology
happened
发生的事情
微
n. an unexpected and usually unpleasant thing that (尤指不寻

21 incident
happens 常的或讨厌
的)
a. being such in appearance : plausible rather than 表面上的
22 ostensible
demonstrably true or real
222
23 candor n. the quality of being open, sincere, and honest 坦率，正直

忧虑的;担
24 fraught a. causing or having a lot of emotional stress or worry
心的
v. to look at or see (something or someone) for a very 瞥
25 glimpse
short time
26 approximation n. something that is similar to something else 类似事物
n. something that comes before something else and
RE
27 precursor 先驱
that often leads to or influences its development
29 concision a. the quality or state of being concise 简洁;简明
轰动的;引
G
a. causing very great excitement or interest with
30 sensational
shocking details 起哗然的
v. to influence or persuade (a person or animal) to do
哄劝;劝诱
师
31 coax
something by talking in a gentle and friendly way
32 sensory a. of or relating to your physical senses 感觉的
老
a. not always good : good in some parts or at some
34 spotty 时好时坏的
times but not others
35 elusive
36 riveting
巍
a. hard to understand, define, or remember
a. very exciting or interesting
a. causing someone to become very upset in a way
难理解的
吸引人的
37 traumatic that can lead to serious mental and emotional 痛苦的

张
problems
例行的;日
38 routine a. a regular way of doing things in a particular order
常的
：

号

v. to make (something) less severe, harmful, or
43 mitigate 减少，减轻
painful
众
44 curtail v. to reduce or limit 削减

v. to make (information) known: to give (information) 泄露
45 divulge
to someone
有关的
公
46 germane a. relating to a subject in an appropriate way

a. no longer used because something newer exists :
47 obsolete 过时的
replaced by something newer
v. to cause (someone or something) to seem
使被怀疑
信
48 discredit
dishonest or untrue
a. no longer useful or acceptable : not modern or
49 outmoded 过时的
current
v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start or
微
50 initiate 开始
begin (something)
v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, less
51 ameliorate 改善
painful, etc.
223
v. to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or 减轻（罪

53 extenuate extent of (something, such as a fault or offense) by
行、过错）
making partial excuses : MITIGATE
v. to make (an injury, problem, etc.) more serious or 使严重;使
54 aggravate
severe 恶化
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
224
Section 106
号
1 marginal a. not very important 不重要的
a. not included in the main part of society or of a 边缘的
group
繁重的
RE
2 onerous a. difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with
3 efficacious a. having the power to produce a desired result or （药、措施
effect 等）有效的
G
likely
6 migratory a. moving from one place to another at different 迁徙的
师
times of the year : migrating regularly
7 scatter v. to cause (things or people) to separate and go in 使分散
different directions
老
8 plummet v. to fall suddenly straight down especially from a 暴跌;速降
very high place
9 dispersal n. the process or result of the spreading of 分散
organisms from one place to another
10
11
displace
profess
something)
巍
v. to take the job or position of (someone or
v. to say or declare (something) openly

替代
宣称
张
12 apprehensive a. afraid that something bad or unpleasant is going 忧虑的;担心
to happen : feeling or showing fear or apprehension 的
about the future
13 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest 冷淡的;无兴
：
趣的
号

16 successive a. following one after the other in a series : 连续的
众
following each other without interruption

18 unparalleled a. not found elsewhere: never seen or experienced 空前的
公
before
20 spurn v. to refuse to accept (someone or something that 蔑视
you do not think deserves your respect, attention,
信
affection, etc.)
21 ponder v. to think about or consider (something) carefully 沉思
22 litigant n. a person who is involved in a lawsuit : someone 诉讼当事人
微
who is suing another person or is being sued by

another person
23 tort n. an action that wrongly causes harm to someone 侵权行为(不
but that is not a crime and that is dealt with in a civil 构成刑事犯
court 罪但可引起
民事诉讼)
225

each other
25 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或
经验的
27 adduce v. to mention or provide (something, such as a fact 举出(证据、
or example) as evidence or proof to support an 理由、事实
RE
argument 等)
28 obfuscate v. to make (something) more difficult to understand 困惑
G
31 dismal a. very bad or poor 忧郁的;凄凉
的
师
32 consummate v. to make (something) perfect or complete 使完整;使完
美
v. to make (a marriage or romantic relationship) (初次)同房
老
complete by having sex
33 oracular a. of, relating to, or being an oracle 神谕般的; 高
深莫测的
34
35
36
prophetic
inevitable
auspicious
a. sure to happen
巍
a. correctly stating what will happen in the future
a. showing or suggesting that future success is

预言的
必然的
有利的
张
likely
37 comprehensible a. able to be understood 可理解的;能
懂的
：

39 annihilate v. to destroy (something or someone) completely 歼灭
号
40 transcend v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of 超越

(something)
41 experimental a. relating to a scientific experiment or to scientific 实验的
experiments in
众
general
a. using a new way of doing or thinking about 创新的
something
公
42 acclaim v. to praise (someone or something) in a very 高度评价

strong and enthusiastic way
43 overarch v. to form an arch over （在上面）
做成拱形
信
44 meld v. merge, blend 合并

45 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱
effective usually in a secret or gradual way （信心、权
微
威等）
47 spearhead n. a person, thing, or group that organizes or leads 先锋
something (such as a movement or attack)
226
Section 107
号
1 inconceivable a. impossible to imagine or believe : not 难以想象的
conceivable
RE
3 clot v. to become thick and partly solid : to develop clots (血或乳脂)凝
结成块
4 susceptible a. easily affected, influenced, or harmed by 易受…影响
something 的
G
5 destabilize v. to cause (something, such as a government) to 使不稳定
be unable to continue existing or working in the
usual or desired way : to make (something)
师
unstable
6 hagiography n. a book about someone's life that makes it seem 吹捧性的传
better than it really is or was : a biography that 记;偶像化(或
老
praises someone too much 理想化)传记
7 disclosure n. the act of making something known : the act of 揭露
disclosing something
8
9
hyperbole
retraction
巍
n. language that describes something as better or
worse than it really is
n. a statement saying that something you said or
wrote at an earlier time is not true or correct
夸张
撤销;收回
张
10 muckrake v. to search out and publicly expose real or 揭发贪污腐
apparent misconduct of a prominent individual or 化; 揭发黑幕
business
11 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含蓄
：
speech 的
12 heliocentric a. having or relating to the sun as the center 日心的
13 oblique a. not direct : not stated directly 不直截了当
号
的;拐弯抹角
的
14 devise v. to invent or plan (something that is difficult or 发明;想出
众
complicated)
15 massive a. very large and heavy 巨大的
16 elongate v. to make (something) longer or to grow longer 伸长;拉长
公
17 rival n. a person or thing that tries to defeat or be more 竞争对手

successful than another
18 monopoly n. complete control of the entire supply of goods or 垄断
信
of a service in a certain area or market

19 irrespective a. lacking in respect: disrespectful 不考虑
20 conducive a. making it easy, possible, or likely for something 有助于…的
to happen or exist
微
21 subsidize v. to help someone or something pay for the costs 给…发津贴

of (something)
22 trivialize v. to make (something) seem less important or 使显得琐碎
serious than it actually is （或不重
227
要、不难
等）
23 upraise v. to raise or lift up 升（提）高
24 gall v. to make (someone) feel annoyed or angry 使烦恼
nature
26 unwitting a. not aware of what is really happening 不知情的
RE
27 exaggeration n. the state of thinking of or describing something 夸张
as larger or greater than it really is
G
29 misnomer n. a name that is wrong or not proper or 使用不恰当
appropriate (或不准确)的
师
名称
30 enigma n. someone or something that is hard to 费解的事物
understand
朝圣的人
老
31 pilgrim
32 veneration n. a feeling of deep respect 尊敬
34
35
reverence
acclamation
巍
n. honor or respect that is felt for or shown to
崇敬
赞成
张
contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something
or someone
：

painful
号
39 engender v. to be the source or cause of (something) 产生

众
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to 使(金属)回火

41 induce v. to cause (something) to happen or exist 引起;导致
公
43 jubilation n. great happiness or joy 欢欣鼓舞

44 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中
an indifferent attitude or feeling 立
信

46 trepidation n. a feeling of fear that causes you to hesitate 惊恐
微
going to happen
48 retrenchment n. reduction, curtailment (开支的)紧
缩，削减
49 slump v. to decrease suddenly and by a large amount 暴跌
228
50 renaissance n. the period of European history between the 14th 文艺复兴

and 17th centuries when there was a new interest
in science and in ancient art and literature
especially in Italy
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
229
Section 108
号
1 disperse v. to go or move in different directions: to spread （使）分散
apart
2 eradicate v. to remove (something) completely : to eliminate 根除;消灭;
or destroy (something harmful)
RE
3 sequester v. to keep (a person or group) apart from other 隔离(避免陪
people 审团与公众
接触)
G
4 respire v. breathe 呼吸
5 paradigmatic a. constituting, serving as, or worthy of being a 范例的
pattern to be imitated
师
老
8 irreducible a. not able to be made smaller or simpler 无法简化的
9 cognitive a. of, relating to, or involving conscious mental 感知的
activities (such as thinking, understanding,
learning, and remembering)
10 rendering 巍
n. an expression or piece of writing or speech is a
translation of it
翻译作品;翻
译
11 dismiss v. to decide not to think about or consider 不予考虑
张
13 a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way
自然的
：

spontaneous a. doing things that have not been planned but that
seem enjoyable and worth doing at a particular 自发的
time
号

15 replicable a. capable of replication 可复制的
众
16 obese n. very fat : fat in a way that is unhealthy 虚胖的;病态

肥胖的
公
18 attenuate v. to make (something) weaker or less in amount, 衰减；变薄

effect, or force
19 coincidence n. a situation in which events happen at the same 巧合
信
time in a way that is not planned or expected

20 contingency n. something (such as an emergency) that might 偶发(或不
happen 测、意外)事
件
微
21 hasty a. done or made very quickly 匆忙的

22 extravagant a. more than is usual, necessary, or proper 过度的
23 painstaking a. showing or done with great care and effort 需细心的;辛
苦的
230

25 evocative a. bringing thoughts, memories, or feelings into the 唤起的
mind
26 impulsive a. doing things or tending to do things suddenly 冲动的
RE
28 volatile a. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme way 易变的
29 perceptive a. having or showing an ability to understand or 有洞察力的;
notice something easily or quickly 思维敏捷的
30 milieu n. the physical or social setting in which people live 环境
G
or in which something happens or develops
师
equally
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
231
Section 109
号
1 invaluable a. extremely valuable or useful 极宝贵的
3 versatility n. the quality or state of having many uses or being 用途广泛
RE
able to do many different kinds of things
4 distinctive a. having a quality or characteristic that makes a 与众不同的
person or thing
5 despot n. a ruler who has total power and who often uses 残暴;暴虐
G
that power in cruel and unfair ways
6 aristocrat n. a member of an aristocracy 贵族
师
9 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes (引起混乱的 )
老
a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 剧变
10 negligible a. very small or unimportant 不重要的
12 inconclusive
confidence
巍
a. not showing that something is certainly true : not
conclusive
无定论的;不确
定的
张
13 revive v. to make (someone or something) strong, (使 )苏醒，复
healthy, or active again 活
：

15 consummate v. to make (something) perfect or complete 使完整;使完美
v. to make (a marriage or romantic relationship) (初次)同房
complete by having sex
号

18 narrow a. limited in size or extent 狭隘的
众
19 paucity n. an amount that is less than what is needed or 缺乏

wanted
20 emancipate v. to free (someone) from someone else's control 解放
公
or power
21 genre n. a particular type or category of literature or art (文学、艺术、
电影或音乐的)
信
体裁
23 factuality n. relating to or based on facts 真实性
微
24 veracity n. truth or accuracy 真实性

25 thorough a. including every possible part or detail 彻底的；完全
的
27 precipitation n. water that falls to the ground as rain, snow, etc. 降水，降水量
232
28 compound v. to make (something, such as an error or 使恶化

problem) worse : to add to (something bad)
29 jeopardy n. exposure to or imminence of death, loss, or 危险
injury : DANGER
30 regular a. happening or done very often 频繁的;经常做
(或发生)的
RE
32 skepticism n. an attitude of doubting the truth of something 怀疑态度
(such as a claim or statement)
33 scold v. a person who often criticizes other people in an 责骂
G
angry way
34 approbation n. praise or approval 赞赏
师
35 admonish v. to speak to (someone) in a way that expresses 训诫, 轻责
disapproval or criticism
v. to tell or urge (someone) to do something 力劝
36 commendation n. the act of praising or approving of someone or 赞扬
老
something
39 impartial
admire) 巍
a. not partial or biased: treating or affecting all
equally
公平的

张
42 facilitate v. to make (something) easier : to help cause 促进
：
(something)
43 deter v. to prevent (something) from happening 阻止
号
45 lament v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness about 悲叹

something
众
公
信
微
233
Section 110
号
2 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one 有歧义的
way
固执己见的，教
RE
3 dogmatic a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as
if they are certainly correct and cannot be 条的
doubted
a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, 站不住脚的
G
weak, or uncertain
5 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and hold 引人入胜的
师
your attention
6 plausible a. possibly true 貌似有理的
7 bias n. a tendency to believe that some people, 偏见
ideas, etc., are better than others that usually
老
results in treating some people unfairly
8 earnest a. serious and sincere : not lighthearted or 非常认真的; 真诚
playful 的
9
10
rigor
comprehend
careful, or strict
巍
n. the quality or state of being very exact,
v. to understand (something, such as a

缜密;严谨
理解
张
difficult or complex subject)
11 validate v. to state or show that something is legal or 确认;确证
official
12 partiality n. an unfair tendency to treat one person, 偏袒
：
group, or thing better than another

13 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, 证实
theory, etc.) by providing information or
evidence
号
14 genre n. a particular type or category of literature or (文学、艺术、电

art 影或音乐的)体裁
众

16 suspense n. a feeling or state of nervousness or (对即将发生的事
excitement caused by wondering what will 等的)担心;焦虑
公
happen
remembering something from the past and
wishing that you could experience it again
信
n. the state of being homesick: 思乡

homesickness
18 suspense n. a feeling or state of nervousness or (对即将发生的事
excitement caused by wondering what will
微
等的)担心;焦虑
happen
20 wander v. to move around or go to different places 闲逛;徘徊
usually without having a particular purpose
or direction
234

22 overrate v. to rate, value, or praise (someone or 对…评价过高
something) too highly
23 imperative a. very important 必要的
25 counterproductive a. not helpful : making the thing you want to 事与愿违
happen less likely to happen
RE
26 tactician n. someone who is good at making plans in 有策略的人
order to achieve particular goals
G
things and to make good judgments:
mentally sharp or clever
29 canny a. very clever and able to make intelligent 精明谨慎的
师
decisions
30 rigid a. not easily changed 严格的，刻板的
老
should be the same
33 incongruous a. strange because of not agreeing with what 不相称的
34
35
trivial
intriguing
巍
is usual or expected
a. of little worth or importance
a. extremely interesting
不重要的
迷人的
36 amusing a. causing laughter or enjoyment : funny or 有乐趣的;好笑的
张
enjoyable
：
号
众
公
信
微
235
Section 111
号
1 guardian n. someone or something that watches or protects 保护者
something
2 successor n. a person who has a job, position, or title after 继任者
someone else : someone who succeeds another
RE
person
4 gadfly n. someone who annoys people by being very 讨人厌者
critical
G
5 pandemonium n. a situation in which a crowd of people act in a 群情沸腾
wild, uncontrolled, or violent way because they
师
are afraid, excited, or confused
6 foment v. to cause or try to cause the growth or 激起，煽动
development of (something bad or harmful)
7 boo v. to show dislike or disapproval of someone or 喝倒彩
老
something by shouting "Boo" slowly
8 rile v. to make (someone) angry : to irritate or annoy 激怒
(someone)
9 unperturbed a. calm and relaxed : not upset or worried 镇静的；镇定
10 detach
巍
v. to separate (yourself) from someone or
的
（使）分开
something
张
11 tundra / 苔原（树木不
生，底土常年
冰冻的北极地
：
区）
12 spongy a. soft and full of holes or water : resembling a 柔软吸水的
sponge
号
13 permafrost / (寒带)永冻土
层
14 recede v. to move back or away; to grow less or smaller 逐渐远离
众

16 facilitate v. to make (something) easier : to help cause 促进
(something)
17 dire a. very bad : causing great fear or worry 极差的
公

19 infection n. the act or process of infecting someone or 传染
something : the state of being infected
信
20 meningitis / 脑膜炎
21 lungworm / 肺线虫
22 coincide v. to happen at the same time as something else 同时发生
微

23 contain v. to keep within limits : RESTRAIN, CHECK 抑制(感情)
drug problem, etc.
236

26 pernicious a. causing great harm or damage often in a way 有害的
that is not easily seen or noticed
27 antiquity n. ancient times 古老
cheated
RE
31 cede v. to give control of (something) to another
割让;让给
G
32 initiate v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start 开始
师
35 bureaucratic a. using or connected with many complicated 官僚主义的
rules and ways of doing things
老
36 disinformation n. false information that is given to people in order 虚假信息
to make them believe something or to hide the
truth
37 mendacity n. lack of honesty: the condition of being 谎言
38 panic
mendacious 巍
a. a situation that causes many people to become
afraid and to rush to do something
恐慌
张
39 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or
粗略的
a. affecting only the outer part or surface of
肤浅的
：

41 inconsistent a. not compatible with another fact or claim 前后不一致的
号
42 far-fetched a. not likely to happen or be true 牵强的

众
公
信
微
237
Section 112
号
1 dub v. NICKNAME 给…起绰号
2 reprehensible a. very bad : deserving very strong criticism 应受指责的
3 eccentric a. strange or unusual 古怪的;异乎寻常的
RE
4 compulsory a. required by a law or rule 必须做的，强制的
5 innovative a. introducing or using new ideas or 创新的
methods
6 unconscionable a. extremely bad, unfair, or wrong 违背良心的;过分的
G
7 acquaintance n. knowledge about something (对某事物的)了解
8 n. someone who is known but who is not a 熟人；
师
close friend
9 overwhelm v. to defeat (someone or something) 击败
completely
10 n. the feeling or belief that you are better, 利己主义
老
egotism more important, more talented, etc., than
other people
11 magnanimity (尤指对被自己击败
12 profligate
巍
n. the quality of being generous and noble
a. carelessly and foolishly wasting money,

或曾欺凌过自己的人
的)宽宏大量
挥霍的;浪费的
materials, etc. : very wasteful
张
13 wobble (使)摇摆
14 painstaking a. showing or done with great care and 需细心的;辛苦的
effort
：
15 demur v. to disagree politely with another person's 反对

statement or suggestion
16 acquiesce v. to accept, agree, or allow something to 默许
happen by staying silent or by not arguing
号
17 expatriate v. BANISH, EXILE 放逐;流放

18 ascent n. the act or process of rising, moving, or 上升
climbing up
众
19 assuage v. to make (something, such as an 缓和，减轻

unpleasant feeling) less painful, severe, etc.
20 qualm n. a feeling of doubt or uncertainty about 顾虑，不安
公
whether you are doing the right thing

22 disposable a. made to be thrown away after use 一次性的
23 nonchalance n. the state of being relaxed and free from 无动于衷，冷淡
信
concern or excitement
24 permanent a. lasting or continuing for a very long time 永恒的
or forever : not temporary or changing
微

26 mundane a. brilliantly or showily bright, colorful, or 辉煌的;灿烂的
impressive
238
28 epitome n. a perfect example : an example that 典型;典范

represents or expresses something very
well
29 scornful a. feeling or showing scorn 轻蔑的;鄙夷的
30 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and high 恭敬的
regard due a superior or an elder
RE
32 snobbish a. having or showing the attitude of people 势利的;自命不凡的
who think they are better than other people :
of or relating to people who are snobs
33 elitism n. leadership or rule by an elite 精英主义
G
34 collegial a. marked by power or authority vested 集体组织的
equally in each of a number of colleagues
35 even-tempered a. not easily upset or made angry 性情平和的
师
36 facile a. too simple : not showing enough thought 轻率作出的
or effort
37 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not
反复无常的
老
serious
ingenuity
39 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通的
40
41
vicious
perspicacity
exceptional 巍
a. very violent and cruel
n. having or showing an ability to notice and
狂暴的
敏锐的洞察力
张
understand things that are difficult or not
obvious
42 impartiality n. treating all people and groups equally:
公正
not partial or biased
：

45 discernment n. an act of perceiving or discerning 洞察力
号
something
46 mask v. to officially accept or allow (something) 支持
47 probity n. the quality of a person who is completely 诚实
众
honest
48 dissemblance n. lack of resemblance : DISSIMILITUDE 伪装；虚饰
49 rectitude n. the quality of being honest and morally 公正;正直
correct
公
50 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity

天真的
and candidness
信
51 acute a. having or showing an ability to think 敏锐的

clearly and to understand what is not
obvious or simple about something
52 exiguous 稀少的;不够的
微
a. excessively scanty : INADEQUATE

54 a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, 站不住脚的
weak, or uncertain
55 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or 夸大（某事）
239
56 unrelenting a. not slowing down, stopping, or growing 持续的;不缓和的

weaker
57 wily a. full of clever tricks : very clever 诡计多端的
58 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or 代替
something that is old or no longer used or
accepted)
59 aspire v. to want to have or achieve something 渴望(成就)
RE
(such as a particular career or level of
success)
60 catchy a. appealing and easy to remember 悦耳易记的
61 novel a. new and different from what has been 创新的
G
known before
62 slogan n. a word or phrase that is easy to 标语;口号
remember and is used by a group or
师
business to attract attention
63 falsehood n. the quality of not being true or accurate: 虚假
false quality
老
comprehended
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
240
Section 113
号
1 domestic a. relating to or involving someone's 家用的
home or family
2 insurrection n. a usually violent attempt to take 叛乱;暴动
control of a government
RE
3 stir v. to mix (something) by making circular 搅拌
movements in it with a spoon or similar
object
4 squelch v. to stop (something) from continuing 遏制;限制
G
by doing or saying something
师
6 fathom v. to understand the reason for 理解
(something)
7 elation n. the quality or state of being filled with 兴高采烈
joy or pride
老
8 overblown a. made to seem larger, more 夸张的
impressive or more important than it
really is
9 postulate v. to suggest (something, such as an 假定;假设
10 untoward
巍
idea or theory) especially in order to
start a discussion
a. not proper or appropriate 异常的
张
11 unqualified a. not modified or restricted by 无限制的
reservations: complete
：
13 irreversible a. impossible to change back to a 无法复原(或挽回)的

previous condition or state
14 dogma n. a belief or set of beliefs that is 教条
accepted by the members of a group
号
without being questioned or doubted

15 facilitate v. to make (something) easier : to help 促进
cause (something)
不得体的;不适当的
众
16 indecorous a. not decorous : conflicting with

accepted standards of good conduct or
good taste
17 crab v. COMPLAIN 发牢骚；抱怨
公
18 interfere v. to get in the way of as an obstacle 妨碍

20 explicit a. very clear and complete : leaving no 直言的; 易于理解的
信
doubt about the meaning

21 gut-level / 本能的
22 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a (给无实际治疗需要者
微
patient like a drug but that has no 的)安慰剂

physical effect on the patient
23 pharmacological / 药理学的
24 inert a. unable to move 无活动能力的
241
26 antidote n. a substance that stops the harmful 解毒剂

effects of a poison
27 contest n. & v. an event in which people try to 竞争
win by doing something better than
others
RE
30 settle v. to end (something, such as an 解决（分歧、纠纷等）
argument) by reaching an agreement
G
a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, 站不住脚的
weak, or uncertain
32 vulnerable a. easily hurt or harmed physically, 脆弱的
师
mentally, or emotionally
34 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or 多余的;不需要的
老
normal
36 pedigree n. the history of the family members in a 血统; 起源
person's or animal's past especially
37
38
antecedent
novel
a. earlier in time
巍
when it is good or impressive
a. new and different from what has

在先的
创新的
张
been known before
：
号
众
公
信
微
242
Section 114
号
2 denounce v. to publicly state that someone or something is 谴责;指责
bad or wrong
不出名的
RE
3 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most people
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood by 深奥难懂的
only a few people
with certainty
G
师
4 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, theory, 证实
5 anatomize v. ANALYZE 剖析
老
6 explicate v. to explain or analyze (something, such as an 详细解释
idea or work of literature)
7 degrade v. to make the quality of (something) worse 降低，削弱
(尤指质量)
8
9
bolster
revive
巍
v. to give support to (something)
v. to make (someone or something) strong, healthy,
支持
(使)苏醒，复
or active again 活
张
10 compromise v. to give up something that you want in order to 妥协
：

dishonest 私的
号

13 pragmatism n. a reasonable and logical way of doing things or 实用主义
of thinking about problems that is based on dealing
众
with specific situations instead of on ideas and

theories
14 altruistic a. showing concern for the happiness and welfare 无私心的
of other people rather than for yourself
公
15 adamant a. not willing to change an opinion or decision : 坚决的;坚定

very determined 不移的
16 prejudice n. an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group 偏见;成见
信
because of race, sex, religion, etc.

18 bisect v. to divide (something) into two equal parts 二等分
微
19 demarcate v. to show the limits or edges of (something) 标出…的界

线
20 elucidate v. to make (something that is hard to understand) 阐明
clear or easy to understand
21 evince v. to show (something) clearly 显示(感情或
品质)
243
22 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive because 巨大的数量

it is so big or because it includes so many different (或收藏品)
kinds of people or things
23 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough of 缺乏
something
24 hallow v. to set apart for holy purposes : treat as sacred 视……为神
圣
RE
25 unassailable a. not able to be doubted, attacked, or questioned 不容置疑的
26 betoken v. to show (something) : to be a sign of (something) 表示
28 quell v. to end or stop (something) usually by using force 镇压
G
29 forestall v. to stop (something) from happening or to cause 预先阻止
师
30 signify v. to be a sign of (something) : to mean 说明;预示
(something)
31 inchoate a. not completely formed or developed yet 初期的;不成
熟的
老
32 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普
exceptional 通的
33 ungainly a. moving in an awkward or clumsy way : not 笨手笨脚的
34 preternatural
graceful 巍
a. very unusual in a way that does not seem natural 超自然的;难
以解释的
张
35 prodigious a. very big 巨大的
37 a. not graceful （行动）笨
：
拙的
38 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的;不需
要的
号

40 derogatory a. expressing a low opinion of someone or 贬低的;贬义
众
something : showing a lack of respect for someone 的

or something
多余的
公
42 superfluous a. beyond what is needed: not necessary

信
微
244
Section 115
号
2 deliberate a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重的
intended: done or said on purpose; done or
RE
3 repetitive a. happening again and again : repeated many 多次重复的
times
4 stringent a. very strict or severe 严格的
G
describe, etc.
师
6 perceptible a. able to be seen or noticed : able to be 可察觉到的
perceived
7 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient (给无实际治疗
like a drug but that has no physical effect on the 需要者的)安慰
老
patient 剂
8 efficacy n. the power to produce a desired result or effect (尤指药物或治
疗方法的)功效
9
10
boon
touchstone
advantage
巍
n. something pleasant or helpful : a benefit or
n. something that is used to make judgments

益处
检验标准
张
about the quality of other things
progress
12 deviation n. an action, behavior, or condition that is 背离;偏离
：
different from what is usual or expected

13 soothsayer n. someone who makes predictions about what 预言者
is going to happen in the future
号
14 evangelist n. a person and especially a preacher who tries (基督教)布道者

to convince people to become Christian
16 barber / 理发师
众
17 self- a. acting or intended to enhance one's power, 自我扩张的

aggrandizing wealth, position, or reputation
18 self-defeating a. serving or tending to defeat oneself or itself 弄巧成拙的，不
公
利于自己的企图
的
信
20 gourmet n. a person who enjoys and knows a lot about 美食家

good food and wine
21 palate n. the sense of taste 品尝力
微

24 implication n. a possible future effect or result 可能的影响(或
作用、结果)
25 jeopardize v. to put (something or someone) in danger 损害
245

a. easy to notice or understand 明显的, 清楚的
30 recalcitrant a. stubbornly refusing to obey rules or orders 难以控制的
RE
31 tedious a. boring and too slow or long 冗长的; 单调乏
味的
G
v. to damage or weaken (something) 危害/
33 tiresome a. causing you to feel bored, annoyed, or 烦人的
师
impatient
34 inadequate a. not enough or not good enough 不充足的
35 futile a. having no result or effect : pointless or 无效的
老
useless
36 reckless a. not showing proper concern about the 鲁莽的;不计后
possible bad results of your actions 果的
37
38
exasperate
sanctuary
巍
v. to make (someone) very angry or annoyed
n. a place where someone or something is
protected or given shelter
使恶化
保护;避难所
39 obtuse a.stupid or unintelligent : not able to think clearly 迟钝的;愚蠢的

张
or to understand what is obvious or simple
40 comprehend v. to understand (something, such as a difficult 理解
or complex subject)
：

42 fathom v. to understand the reason for (something) 理解
43 underestimate v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
号

众
公
信
微
246
Section 116
号
1 demographic / 人口统计学的
2 static a. showing little or no change, action, or 静止的
progress
使衰弱
RE
3 enervate v. to make (someone or something) very
weak or tired
4 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very 坚持的，不妥协的
stubborn
5 moribund a. no longer active or effective : close to 即将倒闭的
G
failure
6 supple a. able to bend or twist easily 易弯曲的
师
7 occlude v. to close up or block off 堵塞
老
something)
v. to prove (someone or something) 证明…有误
wrong
10 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than 有歧义的
11 esoteric
one way 巍
a. only taught to or understood by
members of a special group: hard to
深奥难懂的
understand
张
12 provisional a. existing or accepted for the present 临时的
time but likely to be changed
：
14 contentious a. likely to cause people to argue or 引起争议的

disagree
号
15 outlaw v. to make (something) illegal 宣布…不合法

16 emblem n. an object or picture used to suggest a 象征;标志
thing that cannot be shown
众

18 apparel n. clothing of a particular kind (商店出售的)衣服，服
装
公
19 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most 不出名的

people
a. difficult to understand; likely to be 深奥难懂的
信

a. difficult or impossible to know 模糊的
completely and with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in 掩盖，使模糊
微
front of (something) so that it cannot be

seen
(something)
247
22 pomposity n. a pompous gesture, habit, or act 自负;自命不凡

23 bureaucratic a. using or connected with many 官僚主义的
complicated rules and ways of doing
things
24 baroque a. having many details or too many 复杂精美的
details
25 declamatory a. expressing feelings or opinions in a 慷慨陈词的
RE
way that is loud and forceful
26 decadent a. marked by decay or decline 堕落的;颓废的
27 claustrophobic / 患幽闭恐怖症的
28 prepossessing a. having qualities that people like : 外表吸引人的
G
appealing or attractive
29 atavistic / 返祖性的
30 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant 自命不凡的
师
quality of people who want to be
regarded as more impressive, successful,
or important than they really are
老
31 ascetic a. relating to having a strict and simple 禁欲的
way of living that avoids
physical pleasure
32 grandiose a. seeming to be impressive or intended 华而不实的; 浮夸的
33 understate
巍
to be impressive but not really possible or
practical
v. to say that (something) is smaller, less 轻描淡写;避重就轻
张
important, etc., than it really is
34 appealing a. pleasing or attractive 吸引人的
35 intricate a. having many complexly interrelating 复杂的
parts or elements
：
36 homogeneous a. made up of the same kind of people or 同类的

things
37 equivalent a. having the same value, use, meaning, 相等的，相同的
号
etc.
讽刺
众
40 irony n. a situation that is strange or funny

because things happen in a way that
seems to be the opposite of what you
expected
公
41 delight n. a strong feeling of happiness : great 愉快

pleasure or satisfaction
42 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is 悖论
made up of two opposite things and that
信
seems impossible but is actually true or

possible
43 unremarkable a. not worthy of special attention or notice 平凡的;平庸的
微
44 reassure v. to make (someone) feel less afraid, 打消…的疑虑

upset, or doubtful
46 overwhelm v. to defeat (someone or something) 击败
completely
248
47 revolt v&n. violent action against a ruler or 暴乱

government
48 divest v. to deprive or dispossess especially of 使摆脱
property, authority, or title
49 enamor v. to cause (someone) to be loved or 使倾心，使迷恋
admired
50 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not 避免
RE
think it is right, proper, etc.
51 resilience n. the ability of something to return to its 快速恢复的能力
original shape after it has been pulled,
stretched, pressed, bent, etc.
52 self-assurance n. onfidence in yourself and your abilities 自信;胸有成竹
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
249
Section 117
号
1 bankruptcy n. the state of not having enough money to pay debts 破产
2 penance n. something that you do or are given to do in order to 补赎;悔罪
show that you are sad or sorry about doing something
wrong
RE
4 liability n . a financial obligation : DEBT 欠债;负
债;债务
G
5 contingency n. something (such as an emergency) that might 偶发(或不
happen 测、意外)
事件
师
6 bulldozer / 推土机
7 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes a (引起混乱
lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 的)剧变
老
8 coincidental a. happening because of a coincidence : not planned 巧合;碰巧
9 calculated a. carefully planned for a particular and often improper 精心策划
purpose 的
10 disciplinary 巍
a. intended to correct or punish bad behavior : of or
relating to discipline
有关纪律
的
张
12 formidable a. very difficult to deal with 令人敬畏
的
：

15 precedent a. a similar action or event that happened at an earlier 先例;传统
time
号
16 outrage v. extreme anger : a strong feeling of unhappiness 使震怒;激

because of something bad, hurtful, or morally wrong 怒
17 exhilarate v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and excited 使高兴
众
18 resentment n. a feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or 怨恨

something unfair
公

20 unyielding a. not changing or stopping 顽强不屈
信
的
21 amid prep. in or into the middle of (something) 在…过程
中
微
22 wane v. to become smaller or less : to decrease in size, 衰落;衰败

amount, length, or quality
23 parsimonious a. very unwilling to spend money 吝啬的
24 staggering a. very large, shocking, or surprising 令人难以
相信的
250
25 condemn v. to say in a strong and definite way that someone or 谴责

something is bad or wrong
26 thrive v. to grow or develop successfully : to flourish or 兴旺发达;
succeed 繁荣
28 imperil v. to put (something or someone) in a dangerous 使陷于危
situation 险;危及
RE
30 distinct a. different from each other 截然不同
的
G
a. easy to notice or understand 明显的,
清楚的
31 idiosyncratic a. unusual 怪异的
师
32 sweeping a. including or involving many things 影响广泛
的
33 hurtle v. to move or fall with great speed and force (向某个方
老
向)飞驰
34 gut v. to destroy the power of (something) : to make 损毁
(something) no longer effective
35
36
render
eviscerate
specified condition
巍
v. to cause (someone or something) to be in a
v. to take out the internal organs of (an animal)

使成为
沉重打击
张
37 relish v. to enjoy or take pleasure in (something) 享受
38 mediate v. to get (something, such as a settlement or 调解；为
agreement) by working with opposing sides in a 解决分歧
dispute
：
找到(方
法)
39 inferable a. being able to form (an opinion) from evidence 能推理的
号
40 universal n. the quality of being universal 通用性

41 leaven / 酵母
42 mincing a. affectedly dainty or delicate 故作斯文
众
的;装模作
样的
公

44 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端
的
信
45 ingratiate v. to gain favor or approval for (yourself) by doing or 讨好;巴结

saying things that people like
46 demanding a. hard to satisfy 苛刻的
微
47 obsequious a. too eager to help or obey someone important 谄媚的

48 harsh a. severe or cruel : not kind or lenient 恶劣的;艰
苦的
251
Section 118
号
2 malfeasance n. illegal or dishonest activity especially by a 不法行为
RE
3 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that (引起混乱的)剧
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 变
4 hypocrisy n. the behavior of people who do things that they 伪善;虚伪
tell other people not to do : behavior that does
G
not agree with what someone claims to believe
or feel
5 invective n. harsh or insulting words : rude and angry 辱骂
师
language
6 retrenchment n. reduction, curtailment (开支的)紧缩，
削减
老
7 despotic a. of, relating to, or characteristic of a despot 残暴的;暴虐的
8 aristocrat n. a member of an aristocracy 贵族
10
11
12
insular
effluvium
rebound
巍
a. separated from other people or cultures
n. an offensive exhalation or smell
v. to bounce back off something after hitting it
孤立的
废气；恶臭;
弹回;反弹
张
13 insulate v. to prevent (someone or something) from 将…隔离(以免
dealing with or experiencing something : to keep 受外界影响)
(someone or something) separate from
something unpleasant, dangerous, etc.
：
14 underpin v. to strengthen or support (something) from 加固(墙)基

below
15 cower v. to move back or bend your body down 畏缩，退缩
号
because you are afraid

16 incite v. to cause (someone) to act in an angry, 煽动;鼓动
harmful, or violent way
众

true
公
19 inoculate v. to give (a person or animal) a weakened form 打预防针

of a disease in order to prevent infection by the
disease
20 vocational a. relating to the special skills, training, etc., that 职业的;职业技
信
you need for a particular job or occupation 术的

21 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或经验
的
微
22 salvage v. to save (something valuable or important) : to (对财物等的)抢

prevent the loss of (something) 救
252
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) 使(金属)回火

to become hard or strong by heating it and
cooling it
27 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
RE
candidness
28 maladroit a. very awkward : not skillful or adroit 笨拙的
G
by studying
师
31 perspicuous a. plain to the understanding especially because 清晰的;清楚的
of clarity and precision of presentation
32 selective a. careful to choose only the best people or 精心选择的
老
things
33 caveat n. an explanation or warning that should be 警告;告诫
remembered when you are doing or thinking
about something
34
35
ironic
reversal
巍
a. using words that mean the opposite of what
n. a change to an opposite state, condition,
讽刺的
颠倒;彻底转变
decision, etc.
张
36 vociferous a. expressing feelings or opinions in a very loud 喧嚣的;大叫大
or forceful way : expressed in a very loud or 嚷的
forceful way
：
37 mess n. a very dirty or untidy state or condition 肮脏;杂乱

38 espouse v. to express support for (a cause, belief, etc.) 支持
39 disregard a. to ignore (something) or treat (something) as 忽视
号
unimportant
40 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very 严厉斥责某人
harshly
41 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not think it 避免
众

42 deride v. to talk or write about (someone or something) 嘲笑;愚弄
in a very critical or insulting way : to say that
公
(someone or something) is ridiculous or has no

value
43 inertia n . lack of movement or activity especially when 缺乏活力;惰性
movement or activity is wanted or needed
信
44 homogeneous a. made up of the same kind of people or things 同类的

45 metaphor n. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻
refer to another thing in order to show or
微

253
Section 119
号
RE
(something)
4 halcyon a. very happy and successful 平安幸福的
5 charlatan n. a person who falsely pretends to know or be 骗子
G
something in order to deceive people
6 malinger v. to pretend to be sick or injured in order to 装病(尤指为逃避工
师
avoid doing work 作)
7 retribution n. punishment for doing something wrong 惩罚;报应
8 earnest a. serious and sincere : not lighthearted or 非常认真的; 真诚
老
playful 的
9 crack n. a thin line in the surface of something that is 裂纹;裂缝
broken but not separated into pieces
10
11
adroit
ambiguous
巍
a. very clever or skillful
a. able to be understood in more than one way

(尤指待人接物)精
明的
有歧义的
格言;警句
张
12 aphorism n. a short phrase that expresses a true or wise
idea
things and to make good judgments: mentally
：
sharp or clever
号
15 riotous a. behaving in a violent and uncontrolled way 骚乱的;暴乱的

17 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的;不需要的
众
18 retinue n. a group of helpers, supporters, or followers 随行人员;扈从

19 piety n. devotion to God : the quality or state of 虔诚
being pious
公
20 bombast n. speech or writing that is meant to sound 华而不实的言辞

important or impressive but is not sincere or
meaningful
信
21 altruism n. feelings and behavior that show a desire to 利他主义

help other people and a lack of selfishness
22 sanctimony n. affected or hypocritical holiness 假虔诚;伪善
23 retrieve v. to get and bring (something) back from a 取回;索回
微
place
24 relinquish v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿地)放
such as power, control, or possession) to 弃
another person or group
254
26 demise n. the end of something that is thought of as 死亡;逝世

being like a death
27 braggadocio n. the annoying or exaggerated talk of 傲慢;自负
someone who is trying to sound very proud or
brave
28 monarchical a. of or relating to a monarch or monarchy 君主制的
29 revanchism n. REVENGE; especially : a usually political (尤指国家为收复失
RE
policy designed to recover lost territory or 地的)复仇主义
status
30 simmer v. to be filled with a strong feeling that is 充满（难以控制的
difficult to control or hide 感情，尤指愤怒）
G
31 overshadow v. to cause (something or someone) to seem 使黯然失色；掩盖
less important or impressive when compared
to something or someone else
师
老
a. found in most parts of the world and under 世界各地都有的
varied ecological conditions
33 hierarchy n. a system in which people or things are 等级制度
34 volatility
巍
placed in a series of levels with different
importance or status
n. a tendency to change quickly and 反复无常
unpredictably
张
35 retail
36 tout v. to talk about (something or someone) as 吹捧
being very good, effective, skillful, etc.
：
37 offset v. to create an equal balance between two 抵消

things
38 superlative a. better than all others : SUPREME 卓越的;最优秀的
值得表扬的
号
39 praiseworthy a. deserving praise : worthy of praise

40 adventitious a. arising or occurring sporadically or in other 偶然发生的
than the usual location
众
needed)
公
43 allay v. to make (something) less severe or strong 减轻(尤指情绪)

44 palliate v. to make the effects of (something, such as 减轻，缓和(疾病或
an illness) less painful, harmful, or harsh 不适)
信
45 ascertain v. to find out with certainty 查明;弄清

46 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信心、
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 权威等）
微
47 paradigm n. being a pattern to be imitated 范例

something: not willing or eager to do
something
49 cede v. to give control of (something) to another 割让;让给
255
50 dismantle v. to destroy (something) in an orderly way : to (逐渐)废除

gradually cause (something) to come to an end
51 relinquish v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿地)放
such as power, control, or possession) to 弃
another person or group
RE
G
师
老
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
256
Section 120
号
1 bias n. a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, 偏见
etc., are better than others that usually results in
treating some people unfairly
2 intermediary n. a person who works with opposing sides in an 中间人;调解
RE
argument or dispute in order to bring about an 人
agreement
3 rancor n. an angry feeling of hatred or dislike for someone 敌意
who has treated you unfairly
G
4 immolate v. to kill or destroy (someone or something) by fire 烧死
5 excoriate v. to criticize (someone or something) very harshly 严厉指责
师
6 parley v. to talk with an enemy or someone you disagree 谈判，会谈
with especially in order to end a conflict
7 exterminate v. to destroy or kill (a group of animals, people, 灭绝;根除
etc.) completely
老
8 collaborate v. to work with another person or group in order to 合作
achieve or do something
9 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a problem or do 应急办法
10 persona
something
巍
n. the way you behave, talk, etc., with other people
that causes them to see you as a particular kind of
person : the image or personality that a person
假象;人格面
具
张
presents to other people
11 triumph n. a great or important victory; a great success or 胜利
achievement
12 shelve v. to stop doing or thinking about (something) for a 搁置，停止
：
period of time (计划);

号

15 narrow a. limited in size or extent 狭隘的
16 doomed v. to make (someone or something) certain to fail, 注定要失败
众
suffer, die, etc. (或毁灭)

17 paradigm n. being a pattern to be imitated 范例
公

that is not true
信
21 parochial a. limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or 狭隘

region): PROVINCIAL, NARROW
22 posterity n. all future generations 子孙;后世
含糊其辞
微
23 equivocation n. deliberate evasiveness in wording : the use of

ambiguous or equivocal language
24 opprobrium n. very strong disapproval or criticism of a person 谴责
or thing especially by a large number of people
25 infamy n. an evil reputation 臭名昭著;声
名狼藉
257
26 levity n. a lack of seriousness 轻率的举止

contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something
or someone
29 inherent a. belonging to the basic nature of someone or 固有的;内在
RE
something 的
在的
G
31 equivalent a. having the same value, use, meaning, etc. 相等的，相
同的
32 resignation n. the feeling that something unpleasant is going to 顺从
师
happen and cannot be changed
n. an act of giving up a job or position in a formal or 辞职
official way
老
33 civility n. polite, reasonable, and respectful behavior 礼貌;客气
34 acrimony n. anger and bitterness: harsh or biting sharpness 尖刻犀利
especially of words, manner, or feelings
35 bitter a. having a strong and often unpleasant flavor that 苦的，痛苦
36 trepidation
巍
is the opposite of sweet
n. a feeling of fear that causes you to hesitate
的痛苦的
惊恐
张
going to happen
37 apprehension n. fear that something bad or unpleasant is going to 恐惧
happen : a feeling of being worried about the future
：
号
众
公
信
微
258
Section 121
号
高尚的
RE
3 high-minded a. having or showing intelligence and a
strong moral character
4 impecunious a. having little or no money 贫穷的; 不名一文的
5 multifarious a. of many and various kinds 多方面的
G
6 antiquated a. very old and no longer useful, popular, 过时的;陈旧的
or accepted : very old-fashioned or
obsolete
师
7 distinguish v. to notice or recognize a difference 区别
between people or things
8 indeterminate a. not able to be stated or described in an 不明确的
exact way
老
9 discriminatory a. not fair: unfairly treating a person or 不公平的
group of people differently from other
people or groups of people
10
11
extraneous
tectonic
巍
a. not forming a necessary part of
something: not important
a. of or relating to changes in the
无关的;外来的;
地壳构造的
structure of the Earth's surface
张
12 moribund a. no longer active or effective : close to 即将倒闭的
failure
：
14 incompatible a. not able to exist together without 不相容的

trouble or conflict
15 remedy n. a way of solving or correcting a 解决方法
problem
号

18 revere v. to have great respect for (someone or 尊敬;崇敬
众
something) : to show devotion and honor

to (someone or something)
公
20 defensible a. able to be thought of as good or 有正当理由的

acceptable
21 conciliatory a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to 安抚的
reduce hostility
信
22 pacific a. loving peace : not wanting war or 和平的;爱和平的

conflict
微
24 banal a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐的

25 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of 昏睡的
interest in doing things
26 austere a. stern and cold in appearance or 简朴的
manner
259
27 dovish a. a person who does not want war and 温和派的

does want peace
28 subdued a. not strong, loud, intense, etc. 闷闷不乐的;抑郁的
n. an action that is taken or an order that 制裁
RE
is given to force a country to obey
international laws by limiting or stopping
trade with that country, by not allowing
economic aid for that country, etc.
G
32 castigate v. to criticize (someone) harshly 严厉批评
33 countenance n. the appearance of a person's face : a 面容;脸色
person's expression
师
34 v. to accept, support, or approve of 支持;赞成
(something): sanction
35 perpetuate v. to make perpetual or cause to last 使……永存
老
indefinitely
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
260
Section 122
号
1 controversy n. argument that involves many people 公开辩论
who strongly disagree about something
2 exultant a. very happy and excited 欢欣鼓舞的
退化;倒退
RE
3 regress v. to return to an earlier and usually
worse or less developed condition or
state
4 reclusive a. seeking solitude: retiring from society 隐居的
5 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity 天真的
G
and candidness
师
6 apprehensive a. afraid that something bad or 忧虑的;担心的
unpleasant is going to happen : feeling or
showing fear or apprehension about the
future
老
7 integral a. very important and necessary 不可或缺的
8 fabricate v. to make up for the purpose of 编造;捏造
deception
9
10
conquest
indigenous
巍
v. the act of taking control of a country,
city, etc., through the use of force
a. produced, living, or existing naturally in
征服
当地的;土生土长的
a particular region or environment
张
11 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of 讽刺的
what you really think especially in order
to be funny
：

13 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, 避免
such as a law or rule)
有生气
号
14 animate a. possessing or characterized by life

v. to give spirit and support 激励，推动
15 uncivil a. rude or impolite 失礼的;粗鲁的
矛盾的
众
16 ambivalent a. having or showing simultaneous and

17 rancor n. an angry feeling of hatred or dislike for 敌意
公
someone who has treated you unfairly

18 sanitize v. to make (something) free from dirt, 去除…中使人不快的内
infection, disease, etc., by cleaning it : to 容;净化
make (something) sanitary
信
19 sensationalize v. v to describe or show something in a 故作耸人听闻地夸张;

way that makes it seem more shocking 大肆渲染
than it really is
微
20 poignant a. causing a strong feeling of sadness 尖锐的;辛酸的

21 undermine v. to make (someone or something) 逐渐削弱（信心、权威
weaker or less effective usually in a 等）
secret or gradual way
22 recoil v. & n. to quickly move away from 畏缩
something that is shocking, frightening, or
261
disgusting: to react to something with

shock or fear
23 revel v. to take great pleasure 狂欢
24 deliberation n. careful thought or discussion done in 深思熟虑
order to make a decision
25 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about 自私的
your own needs and interests
RE
26 defy v. to confront with assured power of 公然反抗;不服从
resistance
27 entail v. to have (something) as a part, step, or 牵扯
result
28 distract v. to take (attention) away from someone 转移(注意力)
G
or something
29 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and 恭敬的
师
high regard due a superior or an elder
30 apprehensive a. afraid that something bad or 忧虑的;担心的
unpleasant is going to happen : feeling or
showing fear or apprehension about the
老
future
31 inquisitive a. tending to ask questions : having a 好学的;好奇的;兴趣广
desire to know or learn more 泛的
32
33
comprehensive
succinct
巍
a. covering completely or broadly
a. using few words to state or express an
idea
综合的;广泛的
简明的
张
34 erudite a. having or showing knowledge that is 博学的
learned by studying
：
37 unsettle v. to make (someone) nervous, worried, 扰乱;使担忧

or upset
38 reassure v. to make (someone) feel less afraid, 打消…的疑虑
号
upset, or doubtful
39 dreary a. causing unhappiness or sad feelings : 令人沮丧的;沉闷的
not warm, cheerful, etc.
40 intimidate v. to make (someone) afraid 恐吓;威胁
众
公
信
微
262
Section 123
号
1 commandeer v. to take (something, such as a vehicle or 征用;强占
building) by force especially for military purposes
2 conscience n. the part of the mind that makes you aware of 良心;良知
your actions as being either morally right or
RE
wrong
3 garner v. to collect or gather (something) 获得，得到
complete
G
5 oblivious a. not conscious or aware of someone or 未注意
something
师
6 prerogative n. a right or privilege 特权;优先权
老
9 abet v. to actively second and encourage (something, 煽动;怂恿
such as an activity or plan)
10 underestimat v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
11
e
cutback
巍
n. the act of reducing the number or amount of
something
削减;缩减

张
13 banish v. to force (someone) to leave a country as 放逐;流放
：
punishment
14 relegate v. to put (someone or something) in a lower or 使贬职;使降级
less important position, rank, etc.
15 reinstate v. to put (someone) back in a job or position that 使恢复原职
号
had been taken away

16 dispose v. to put (someone or something) in a particular 排列;布置
position or place
众
17 blandish v. to coax with flattery : CAJOLE 谄媚

18 calumny n. an untrue statement that is made to damage 诬蔑
19 vituperate v. to use harsh condemnatory language 谩骂;痛斥
公
20 defame v. to hurt the reputation of (someone or 诽谤;中伤

something) especially by saying things that are
false or unfair
信
21 prurience / 好色;淫秽
23 abjure v. to reject solemnly 公开保证放弃
微

263
28 evince v. to show (something) clearly 显示(感情或品质)

29 proclivity n. a strong natural liking for something that is 癖性
usually bad
30 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中立
something
RE
33 neutralize v. to make ineffective 使无效;中和
34 calibrate v. to adjust or mark (something, such as a 校准(刻度，以使测
measuring device) so that it can be used in an 量准确)
G
accurate and exact way
36 ameliorate v. to make (something, such as a problem) 改善
师
better, less painful, etc.
37 stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍
老
something)
40
41
facilitate
circumvent
(something)
巍
v. to make (something) easier : to help cause
v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such

促进
避免
张
as a law or rule)
：
43 embrace v . to accept (something or someone) readily or 欣然接受

gladly
号
众
公
信
微
264
Section 124
号
1 fanciful a. coming from the imagination 空想的，不现
实的
2 sour a. unpleasant or unfriendly 闷闷不乐的
RE
3 pessimistic a. having or showing a lack of hope for the future: 悲观的
expecting bad things to happen
4 veracious a. TRUTHFUL, HONEST 真实的
G
6 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自然的
a. doing things that have not been planned but 自发的
师
that seem enjoyable and worth doing at a
particular time
7 mishap n. a small mistake or amount of bad luck 小事故;晦气
老
8 misnomer n. a name that is wrong or not proper or 使用不恰当(或
appropriate 不准确)的名称
9 partisan a. strongly supporting one leader, group, or cause 盲目拥护
10 dilettante
over another
巍
n. a person whose interest in an art or in an area
of knowledge is not very deep or serious
半吊子
11 philistine n. a person who is guided by materialism and is 庸俗；对文化

张
usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values 艺术无知的人
something)
：
13 bourgeoisie n. MIDDLE CLASS 中产阶级;资产

阶级
14 truncate v. to make (something) shorter 缩短
号
15 desiccate v. to dry up 使干（燥）

16 polarize v. to cause (people, opinions, etc.) to separate (使)两极化
into opposing groups
众

19 altruistic a. showing concern for the happiness and welfare 无私心的
of other people rather than for yourself
公
20 cede v. to give control of (something) to another 割让;让给

21 ascendancy n. a position of power in which someone can 支配地位; 优
信
control or influence other people 势

23 dogmatic a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as if 固执己见的，
微
they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted 教条的

24 atrocious a. very evil or cruel 糟透的;十分讨
厌的
25 cavalier a. having or showing no concern for something 漫不经心的;不
that is important or serious 在乎的
265
26 cogent a. very clear and easy for the mind to accept and 令人信服的
believe
27 prepossessing a. having qualities that people like : appealing or 外表吸引人的
attractive
28 unremarkable a. not worthy of special attention or notice 平凡的;平庸的
29 unruffled a. not upset or disturbed 镇定的;沉着的
30 deficient a. not having enough of something that is 缺乏的;缺少的
RE
important or necessary
sufficient evidence
32 phantom n. the soul of a dead person thought of as living in 鬼魂;幽灵
G
an unseen world or as appearing to living people
34 mute a. felt or expressed without the use of words 沉默的;无声的
师
35 arch a. having or showing an amused feeling of being 调皮的;淘气的
superior to or knowing more than other people
36 ominous a. suggesting that something bad is going to 恶兆的;不吉利
老
happen in the future 的
巍
张
：
号
众
公
信
微
266
Section 125
号
1 scintillating a. very clever, amusing, and interesting 妙趣横生的
2 apolitical a. not political : not interested or involved 不关心政治的
in politics
见多识广的
RE
3 cosmopolitan a. having worldwide rather than limited or
elements from all or many parts of the
world
G
a. found in most parts of the world and 世界各地都有的
under varied ecological conditions
师
5 epistle n. any one of the letters to the early 使徒书信
Christians that are part of the New
Testament
老
6 appurtenance n. an object that is used with or for 附属物;附加物
something
7 vexation n. something that worries or annoys you 烦恼
8
9
vestige
frugal
巍
n. the last small part that remains of
something that existed before
a. careful about spending money or using
遗迹
(对金钱、食物等)节约
things when you do not need to : using 的，节俭的
张
money or supplies in a very careful way
10 hidebound a. not willing to accept new or different 迂腐的
ideas
：
11 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, 避免

such as a law or rule)
12 encumber v. to cause problems or difficulties for 妨碍
号

14 merge v. to cause (two or more things, such as 结合
two companies) to come together and
众
become one thing : to join or unite (one

thing) with another
15 behemoth a. something very big and powerful 巨头(指规模庞大、实
力雄厚的公司或机构)
公
16 offshoot n. something (such as a business) that 分枝

develops from something larger
17 testimony n. a statement made by a witness under 证词
信
oath especially in a court

18 chauvinism n. the belief that your country, race, etc., 沙文主义
is better than any other
19 preeminence n. the quality or state of being 杰出;卓越
微
preeminent : SUPERIORITY
20 sovereignty n. unlimited power over a country 主权;最高统治权
21 maverick a. characteristic of, suggestive of, or 标新立异的
inclined to be a maverick
n. a person who refuses to follow the 言行与众不同者
customs or rules of a group
267
22 underwrite v. to give money to support (something, 承担保险责任;承保

such as a new business) and agree to be
responsible for any losses if it fails
23 waive v. to officially say that you will not use or 放弃(权利、要求等)
require something that you are allowed to
have or that is usually required
24 renounce v. to give up, abandon, or resign usually 宣布放弃
by a public declaration
RE
25 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you 支持
support or approve of (someone or
something)
26 rescind v. to end (a law, contract, agreement, 废除;取消
G
etc.) officially : to say officially that
(something) is no longer valid
师
27 anarchistic a. a person who believes that 无政府主义的;扰乱秩
government and laws are not necessary 序的
28 radical a. very new and different from what is 标新立异
traditional or ordinary
老
29 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, 使恶化
etc.) worse
30
31
dismiss
aggravate
巍
v. to decide not to think about or consider
v. to make (an injury, problem, etc.) more

不予考虑
使严重;使恶化
serious or severe
张
32 embrace v . to accept (something or someone) 欣然接受
readily or gladly
：
v. to show (something) to be false or 证明……错误

wrong
号
34 eulogy n. a speech that praises someone who 颂文

has died
35 rebuke v. to speak in an angry and critical way to 指责;批评
(someone)
众
36 panegyric n. something (such as a speech or a 颂词

piece of writing) that praises someone or
something
公
37 mockery n. insulting or contemptuous action or 嘲笑

speech
38 commendation n. the act of praising or approving of 赞扬
信
微
268
Section 126
号
1 chicanery n. actions or statements that trick people into 诈骗;欺骗
believing something that is not true : deception
or trickery
2 raillery n. friendly joking about or with somebody 戏谑;逗趣
RE
3 enmity n. a very deep unfriendly feeling 敌意;敌对
decisions
G
5 probity n. the quality of a person who is completely 诚实
honest
师
6 rival n. a person or thing that tries to defeat or be 竞争对手
more successful than another
7 intimate a. having a very close relationship: very warm 亲密的
and friendly
老
8 sporadic a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular 零星的
or random instances
9 quotidian a. ordinary or very common 普通的
10
11
contentious
revelatory
巍
a. likely to cause people to argue or disagree
a. likely or willing to argue
a. making something known : revealing
引起争议的
好争议的
启发性的;启迪人
张
something in usually a surprising way 的
13 intellectual a. of or relating to thought or understanding 智力的; 脑力的
：

15 caricature n. a drawing that makes someone look funny 人物漫画
or foolish because some part of the person's
appearance is exaggerated
号
16 calculated a. carefully planned for a particular and often 精心策划的

improper purpose
众

18 periphery n. the outside edge of an area 边缘地带
19 spurn v. to refuse to accept (someone or something 蔑视
公
that you do not think deserves your respect,

attention, affection, etc.)
20 subsume v. to include or place within something larger or 将…归入(或纳入)
more comprehensive : encompass as a
信
subordinate or component element

22 condescending a. showing or characterized by a patronizing or 傲慢的
微

23 encapsulate v. to show or express the main idea or quality 简述;概括
of (something) in a brief way
25 digressive a. characterized by digressions 离题的，枝节的
269
26 bemoan v. to say that you are unhappy about 悲叹

(something) : to complain about (something)
28 exasperate v. to make (someone) very angry or annoyed 使恶化
29 meretricious a. attractive in a cheap or false way 虚有其表的;金玉
其外的
30 worthwhile a. worth doing or getting : good enough, 重要的;令人愉快
RE
important enough, etc., to be worth spending 的
time, effort, or money on
31 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; 不透明的；难懂
difficult to understand or explain 的
G
32 surmount v. to deal with (a problem or a difficult situation) 克服
successfully
师
33 ennui n. a lack of spirit, enthusiasm, or interest 无聊;厌倦
34 decrepitude n. the state of being old and in bad condition or 衰老;老朽
poor health
35 senescence n. the state of being old or the process of 衰老
老
becoming old
36 truculent a. easily annoyed or angered and likely to 好斗的
argue
37
38
audacious
brazen
巍
a. very confident and daring: very bold and
a. acting or done in a very open and shocking

大胆创新的
厚颜无耻的
way without shame or embarrassment
张
39 obtuse a.stupid or unintelligent : not able to think 迟钝的;愚蠢的
clearly or to understand what is obvious or
simple
：
40 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or 好挑衅的

argue
41 sapiential a. characterized by or peculiar to wisdom 智慧的
号
众
公
信
微
270
Section 127
号
a. hard to understand, define, or 难理解的
remember
无效
RE
2 inefficacy n. lack of power to produce a desired
effect
3 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often 自然的
sudden way and without a lot of thought
or planning
G
a. doing things that have not been 自发的
planned but that seem enjoyable and
师
worth doing at a particular time
4 primacy n. the state of being most important or 首要;至高无上
strongest
5 pedagogical a. of or relating to teachers or education 教育学的
老
6 eliminate v. to remove (something that is not 消除
wanted or needed)
7 v. to defeat and remove from a 淘汰
9
expedient
privilege
competition
巍
n. an easy and quick way to solve a
problem or do something
n. a right or benefit that is given to some
应急办法
优惠待遇
张
people and not to others
11 deprecate v. to criticize or express disapproval of 强烈反对
：
12 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, 使恶化
etc.) worse
号
understand
14 magnify 扩大;增强
15 demise n. the end of something that is thought of 死亡;逝世
众
as being like a death

16 cult n. a situation in which people admire and (对生活方式、看法、
care about something or someone very 观念等的)狂热，时
much or too much 尚，崇拜
公
17 boom v. to grow or expand suddenly (贸易和经济活动的)激

增，繁荣
过低评价
信
18 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or

something) too low
19 divergence n. difference, disagreement (意见、态度等的)分
歧，差异
微
20 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a 按等级划分的

hierarchy
21 spatial a. of or relating to space 空间的
271
23 hamper v. to slow the movement, progress, or 妨碍

action of
24 protract v. to make longer : draw out in time or 拖延
space
25 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or 夸张;言过其实
26 temporal a. lay or secular rather than clerical or 世间的;世俗的
RE
sacred : CIVIL
27 satire n. a way of using humor to show that 讽刺作品
someone or something is foolish, weak,
bad, etc.: humor that shows the
weaknesses or bad qualities of a person,
G
government, society, etc.
师
29 conceal v. to hide (something or someone) from 隐瞒
sight
30 hazard n. a source of danger 危险
老
31 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, 等同于
or effect
32 obviate v. to make (something) no longer 避免
33 avert
(something) 巍
necessary: to prevent or avoid
v. to prevent (something bad) from

happening
避免
张
34 placidity n. not easily upset or excited 安静；温和
35 complacency n. a feeling of being satisfied with how 自满;自得
things are and not wanting to try to make
：
them better : a complacent feeling or

condition
36 forebode v. to have an inward conviction of 预感；预兆
(something, such as a coming ill or
号
misfortune)
37 solicitude n. concern that someone feels about 关怀;关切
someone's health, happiness, etc.
天真的
众
38 naïve a. having or showing a lack of experience

or knowledge: innocent or simple
39 constructive a. helping to develop or improve 有助益的;积极的
something : helpful to someone instead
公
of upsetting and negative

40 amicable a. showing a polite and friendly desire to 心平气和的;友善的
avoid disagreement and argument
信
微
272
Section 128
号
1 repudiate v. to refuse to accept or support 拒绝接受
(something)
2 sidestep v. bypass, evade 回避，躲避
使显得琐碎（或不重
RE
3 trivialize v. to make (something) seem less
important or serious than it actually is 要、不难等）
5 surmount v. to deal with (a problem or a difficult 克服
G
situation) successfully
7 inscrutable a. difficult to understand : causing people 难以捉摸的;难以理解
师
to feel curious or confused 的
8 inexhaustible a. impossible to use up completely : 取之不尽用之不竭
impossible to exhaust
老
9 episodic a. made up of many different events or 偶尔发生的
episodes
10 panoramic a. showing a full or wide view 景的;远景的
11
12
hackneyed
goad
巍
a. not interesting, funny, etc., because of
being used too often : not fresh or original
v. to urge or force (someone) to do
陈腐的
激怒，刺激
something
张
13 compensate for NA 弥补
14 allude v. to talk about or hint at without 间接提到
mentioning directly
：
15 brash a. confident and aggressive in usually a 盛气凌人的;耀眼的

rude or unpleasant way
16 dramatic a. striking in appearance or effect 巨大的, 引人注目的
17 mercurial a. changing often: very changeable （人）反复无常的
号
18 diminish v. to become or to cause (something) to 减少

become less in size, importance, etc.
v. to lessen the authority or reputation of 轻视
众
(someone or something) : to describe

(something) as having little value or
importance
仔细检查
公
19 scrutinize v. to examine carefully especially in a

critical way
20 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant 自命不凡的
quality of people who want to be
信
regarded as more impressive, successful,

or important than they really are
21 manipulate v. to operate, use, or move with the 处理
hands or by mechanical means
微
22 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or 地方性的

region
23 discrete a. separate and different from each other 分散的
24 ancestral a. an event that causes great harm and 祖先的;祖传的
suffering
273
25 reversal n. a change to an opposite state, 颠倒;彻底转变

condition, decision, etc.
26 calamity n. an event that causes great harm and 灾难;灾祸
suffering
27 undertaking n. an important or difficult task or project 任务，项目
28 detrimental a. causing damage or injury 有害的;不利的
29 analogous a. similar in some way 类似的
RE
30 erratic a. acting, moving, or changing in ways 反复无常
that are not expected or usual
31 stretch v. to make (something) wider or longer by 拉长;拽宽
pulling it
G
32 waver v. to become unsteady because of 踌躇;犹豫不决
weakness, emotion, tiredness, etc.
师
n. a legal agreement between people, 合同
companies, etc.
34 v. to become affected with 感染
老
35 shrink v. to become smaller in amount, size, or 缩小
value
v. to quickly move away from something 畏缩
shocking, frightening, or disgusting
36
37
oscillate
attenuate
between two points
巍
v. to swing or move back and forth
v. to make (something) weaker or less in

摇摆，变化
衰减；变薄
张
amount, effect, or force
38 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you 支持
support or approve of (someone or
something)
：
39 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will 悲观

happen in the future
40 temper v. to make (something) less severe or 使缓和
号
extreme
v. to cause (something, such as steel or 使(金属)回火
glass) to become hard or strong by
众
heating it and cooling it

41 moderate a/v. calm, temperate 缓和(的);适度(的)
公
信
微
274
Section 129
号
1 uncover v. to allow (something) to be seen by 揭露
removing a covering
2 conspiracy n. a secret plan made by two or more 密谋策划;阴谋
people to do something that is harmful or
RE
illegal
3 interminable a. having or seeming to have no end 冗长的;没完没了的
4 laborious a. requiring a lot of time and effort 耗时费力的;辛苦的
5 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, 激起争端的
G
etc.
师
7 surreptitious a. done in a secret way 秘密的
8 resilient a. able to return to an original shape after 能复原的
老
being pulled, stretched, pressed, bent,
etc.
a. able to become strong, healthy, or 有适应力的
successful again after something bad
9 pragmatic
happens 巍
a. dealing with the problems that exist in
a specific situation in a reasonable and
实际的
张
logical way instead of depending on
ideas and theories
10 resemble v. to look or be like (someone or 显得像;像
something)
：
11 sway v. to cause (someone) to agree with you 说服;使动摇

or to share your opinion
12 contingent a. depending on something else that 依情况而定的
might or might not happen
号
13 irreducible a. not able to be made smaller or simpler 无法简化的

14 moderate a/v. calm, temperate 缓和(的);适度(的)
15 cessation n. a stopping of some action : a pause or 停止;终止
众
stop
17 trumpet v. to praise (something) loudly and 大声宣扬
公
publicly especially in a way that is

annoying
18 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most 不出名的
people
信
a. difficult to understand; likely to be 深奥难懂的

a. difficult or impossible to know 模糊的
微
completely and with certainty

v. to hide or cover (something): to be in 掩盖，使模糊
front of (something) so that it cannot be
seen
275
20 bewildering a. extremely confusing or difficult to 让人困惑的

understand
21 distort v. to change so as to make untrue or 歪曲
inaccurate
right
23 dramatic a. striking in appearance or effect 巨大的, 引人注目的
RE
26 elude v. to avoid or escape (someone or 逃避
G
something) by being quick, skillful, or
clever
27 placate v. to cause (someone) to feel less angry 安抚;平息(怒气)
师
about something
28 heterodox a. not agreeing with established beliefs or 非正统的
standards
29 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and 引人入胜的
老
hold your attention
31 beleaguer v. to cause constant or repeated trouble 围困；围攻
32 incumbent
巍
for (a person, business, etc.)
n. a person who holds a particular office
or position
在职者;现任者
避免
张
33 obviate v. to make (something) no longer
necessary: to prevent or avoid
(something)
34 preclude v. to prevent (someone) from doing 阻止
：
something
35 beget to cause (something) to happen or exist 引发;导致
36 fermentation / 发酵
号
37 palatable a. having a pleasant or agreeable taste 口的;味美的

众
公
信
微
276
Section 130
号
1 elation n. the quality or state of being filled with joy or pride 兴高采烈
2 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who accepts 对痛苦的默
what happens without complaining or showing 默承受或泰
emotion
RE
然处之;坚
忍
3 elitism n. leadership or rule by an elite 精英主义
4 heresy n. a belief or opinion that does not agree with the （与大多数
G
official belief or opinion of a particular religion 人的观点不
合的）异端
师
5 iniquity n. the quality of being unfair or evil 十分错误，
很不正当
(的事)
老
6 parsimony n. the quality of being very unwilling to spend 吝啬;小气
money
7 anthropocentrism / 人类中心说
8
9
10
cosmology
proximity
frugal
/
巍
n. the state of being near
a. careful about spending money or using things
宇宙学
接近
(对金钱、
when you do not need to : using money or supplies 食物等)节
张
in a very careful way 约的，节俭
的
：
12 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is surprising or 怪异的

号
14 venomous a. capable of putting poison or venom into another 分泌毒液的

animal's body usually by biting or stinging it
15 misconstrue v. to understand (something) incorrectly 误解(某人
众
的言行)
公

信
19 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient like a (给无实际

drug but that has no physical effect on the patient 治疗需要者
的)安慰剂
微
20 liability n . a financial obligation : DEBT 欠债;负债;

债务
22 prejudice n. an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group 偏见;成见
because of race, sex, religion, etc.
277

25 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含
speech 蓄的
RE
26 decisive a. able to make choices quickly and confidently 果断的
27 sober a. plain in color; having or showing a very serious 有节制的;
attitude or quality 朴素的
G
28 prescribe v. to officially tell someone to use (a medicine, 开(处方)
therapy, diet, etc.) as a remedy or treatment
29 staid a. serious, boring, or old-fashioned 古板的;一
师
本正经的
老
31 eccentric a. strange or unusual 古怪的;异
乎寻常的
33
34
placatory
conciliatory
something
巍
a. to cause (someone) to feel less angry about
a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to reduce

hostility
安抚的
安抚的
张
35 grandiosity n. being impressive because of uncommon 宏伟；辉煌
：
something)
38 contempt n. a lack of respect for or fear of something that is 蔑视
usually respected or feared
号

40 shed light on / 阐明;解释
众

true
公
信
微
278

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填空机经1300题生词伴侣

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9 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察

14 indifferent a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or 冷漠的

17 numinous a. having a mysterious, holy, or spiritual quality 超自然的

21 gainsay v. to deny or disagree with (something) 否认

36 overreact v. to react to something too strongly 反应过激

41 counterfeit a. made to look like an exact copy of something in 仿造的，

book, play, or musical composition 等的尾声

44 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen in 悲观

47 vague a. not clear in meaning 模糊的

less painful, etc.

21 honorific a. giving or expressing honor or respect 尊敬的

24 disclose v. to make (something) known to the public 公开

out of the mouth

other people and a lack of selfishness

35 irascibility n. the quality of becoming angry very easily 易怒

15 discredit v. to cause (someone or something) to seem 使被怀疑

17 censure v. official strong criticism 批评

an object, person, or action

21 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something that 代替

28 unprecedent a. not done or experienced before 前所未有的

18 flippancy n. unbecoming levity or pertness especially in 轻率无礼

way that may cause argument

23 stigma n. a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a 耻辱

27 patchwork n. something that is made up of different things 大杂烩

30 disparate a. different from each other 不同的

18 contrive v. to manage to bring about or do 设法做到

21 mercenary a. caring only about making money 唯利是图的

especially in politics and education

25 dichotomous a. divided or dividing into two sharply distinguished 有分歧的

27 subvert v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a government, 颠覆，破坏

about something from known facts 信息）推测

powerful people (such as government officials or

16 infinite a. having no limits 无限的

impossible to overcome 难)无法战

20 steadfast a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or 坚定不移的

23 oust v. to cause or force (someone or something) to 逐出

34 quirky a. unusual especially in an interesting way 奇怪的

37 undue a. more than is reasonable or necessary 过度的

14 precipitate a. happening very quickly or too quickly without 轻率的

having or showing tact

18 fungible a. capable of mutual substitution 可替代的

20 unfounded a. not based on facts or proof 莫须有的

disagreement, or argument: likely to produce