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Altruistic Punishment in Humans

Article  in  Nature · February 2002

DOI: 10.1038/415137a · Source: PubMed

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56 5 <7:? ?C@?98 B9A9B \ZCB:;T;4 EC@49J 854F 69E6D 694 <56:?9J
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a 20 With punishment Without punishment
18
Mean cooperation (MUs)

C4 95:? E9EEC;4 54J C4 95:? H98C;J 6?54 6?9 5A985@9 C4A9E6<946 C4 16

14
12
10
10 3.14.2 6 8
9 6
Mean expenditure by punishing

8 4
2
group members (MUs)

7 7.5 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 4.9 Periods 1–4
4.2 Periods 5 and 6
5 Period 6 b 20 Without punishment With punishment
4 14.8 13 18
Mean cooperation (MUs)

22 16
3
14
2 40.3 12
4.4
26.7 39.4 31.4
1 32.9 31.9 7.8 5.5 10
8
0
–20 to –14 –14 to –8 –8 to –2 –2 to 2 2 to 8 8 to 14 6
Deviation from the mean cooperation 4
level of the other group members 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
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