SAUDI ARABIA

FATIMA P ANWAR
What was actually Saudi Arabia?
To know the
answer...we must see
what was actually
Arabia
Pre HIstoric to Iron age

● Ubaid period (5300 BCE) – could have originated in Eastern Arabia.

● Umm an-Nar Culture (2600–2000 BCE)
● Sabr culture (2000 BCE)
● Wadi Suq Culture (1900–1300 BCE)
● Lizq/Rumaylah = Early Iron Age (1300–300 BCE)
● Samad Period Late Iron Age (c. 100 BCE–c.300 CE)
● Recent Pre-Islamic Period (c. 150 BCE–c. 325 CE)
ARABIA,the older division:
1. Arabia Deserta(Arabia
Magna)
2. Arabia Petraea(Latin:
Provincia Arabia; Arabic:
‫)اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺗراﺋﯾﺔ‬, and
3. Arabia Felix(literally:
Fertile Arabia).
● The history of Pre-Islamic Arabia before the rise of
Islam in the 610s is not known in great detail.

● The first known inscriptions of the Kingdom of

Hadhramaut are known from the 8th century BC.
Major Kingdoms at thetime include:

● Kingdom of sheba in Yemen

● ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﺳﺑﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯾﻣن‬
● Kingdom and a particular state
● ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ دوﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬
● Kingdoms of donkeys
● ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﺣﻣﯾر‬
● Kingdom of nabateans
● ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻷﻧﺑﺎت‬
● kingdom of confusions
● ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﺣﯾرة‬
● Kingdom gassanid
● ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﻐﺳﺎﺳﻧﺔ‬
Pre-Islamic Arabia
(Arabic: ‫ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮ‬by ‫)اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﺳﻼم‬

The Arabian Peninsula prior to the

emergence of Islam in 610 CE.
What was Pre-Islamic Arabia?

"Perishing Arabs": These are the ancients of whose history little is known.
They include ʿĀd, Thamud, Tasm, Jadis, Imlaq and others. Jadis and Tasm
perished because of genocide. ʿĀd and Thamud perished because of their
decadence.

"Pure Arabs" (Qahtanite): These are traditionally considered to have

originated from the progeny of Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan so were also
called Qahtanite Arabs.[97]

"Arabized Arabs" (Adnanite): They are traditionally seen as having

descended from Adnan.
The Advent of Islam:

In 610 CE, the Islamic Prophet

Muhammad began receiving
what Muslims consider to be
divine revelations.[5]
Muhammad's message won
over a handful of followers and
was met with increasing
opposition from Meccan
notables.
HISTORICAL
Sometime after the rise of
Islam in the first quarter of the

FACTS
7th century CE and the
emergence of the Arabian
Muslims as the founders of one
of the great empires of history,
the name ʿArab came to be
used by these Muslims
themselves and by the nations
with whom they came in
contact to indicate all people of
Arabian origin.
 Ottoman Empire (1299 to 1922)
Capitol: Istanbul.

Abbasid Caliphate (750 to 1258)

Capitol: Baghdad. ...

Major Muslim Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)

Capitol: Damascus. ...

Dynasties The Mughal Empire (1526 to 1857)

Capitol: Dehli. Population: 110-150
Million. ...

The Safavid Empire (1501 to 1736)

Capitol: Isfahan.
Today’s Arabia includes
the present-day countries of:
1. Saudi Arabia,
2. Yemen,
3. Oman,
4. Bahrain,
5. Qatar,
6. Kuwait, and the
7. United Arab Emirates.
 The Birth of Saudi State
● The rise of Islam in western Arabia in the 7th century, the creation and
expansion of the various Islamic empires to the 10th century, the
establishment of separate and usually small Muslim states in the period
leading to the 15th century, and the ordering of the Arab Middle East
conducted by the Ottoman Empire starting in the 16th century.

● In the middle of the 18th century in central Arabia, an alliance of Muslim

Wahhābī religious reformers and the Saʿūdī dynasty formed a new state and
society that resulted in the creation of three successive Saʿūdī kingdoms,
including the modern country of Saudi Arabia, officially proclaimed in 1932.
Major events that took place after Saudi state formation:
● The Wahhābī movement.
● Struggle with the Ottomans:In 1801 the Wahhābīs captured and sacked the
Shiʿi holy city of Karbalāʾ in Ottoman Iraq, plundering and damaging
important religious buildings.
● Second Saʿūdī state:The dynasty was restored and the second Saʿūdī state
begun in 1824 when Turkī (1823–34), a grandson of Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd,
succeeded in capturing Riyadh and expelling the Egyptian garrison.
● Death of Fayṣal(
● Ibn Saʿūd (1875-1953)and the third Saʿūdī state.
● The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Suʿūdiyyah):The history
of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia begins properly on September 23, 1932, when
by royal decree the dual kingdom of the Hejaz and Najd with its
dependencies, administered since 1927 as two separate units, was unified
under the name of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
● Foreign relations, 1932–53:From the date of its establishment in September
1932, Saudi Arabia enjoyed full international recognition as an independent
state, although it did not join the League of Nations.
● Internal affairs, 1932–53:Although oil had been discovered in Al-Hasa near
the shores of the Persian Gulf before World War II, it was not exploited until
after 1941.
● In 1934 Ibn Saʿūd was involved in war with Yemen over a boundary dispute.
Ibn Saud and Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt meeting with Ibn Saud, king of Saudi Arabia,
aboard the USS Quincy, February 14, 1945.
U.S. Army Photograph
After 1950’s
● Reigns of Saʿūd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and Fayṣal: (1953–75)
● Since World War II, the United States had become the most influential foreign
power in Saudi Arabia.
● The Saudis favoured the United States in the Cold War with the Soviet Union,
but they opposed American support of Israel.
● Reign of Khālid: (1975–82)
● Saudi Arabia under Fahd and Crown Prince ʿAbd Allāh (1982–2005)
● Reign of Abd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz :(2005–15).
● Reign of King Salman ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAziz from 2015
● Crown Prince Muhammad ibn Nayif and Crown Prince Mohammed bin
Salman
TODAY
● FORM OF GOVERNMENT:monarchy
● HEAD OF STATE AND
GOVERNMENT,King: Salman
● CAPITAL:Riyadh
● POPULATION,(2019 est.) 34,254,000
● OFFICIAL LANGUAGE:Arabic

● OFFICIAL RELIGION:Islam

● MONETARY UNIT:Saudi riyal (SR)

● CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE:1 USD

equals 3.750 Saudi Arabian riyal
LIFE STYLE
Resources Used
Bibliography
● https://www.britannica.com/place/Saudi-Arabia
● https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia
● https://www.dictionary.com/browse/arabia
Thank You