2008 JC1 Mid-Course Solution

Qn. Solution
1

α
d n ∏
θ

Method 1

30
  
 2 . 4 
 −1  −1
cos α =    
3 0
   
2 4
 −1   −1 
   
9
cos α =
14 17

α = 54.311
⇒ θ = 90
− 54.311
= 35.7

Method 2
30
  
 2 . 4 
 −1   −1 
sin θ =    
3 0
2 4
   
 −1  −1
   

θ = 35.7

 2
2(i)
y x=1

B1(−1,4)
•

A1(−4,0) x
O 1
y = −2
−2

2(ii)

y x = 2/3

B2(0,2)
A2(−1,0) 2/3 x
O
y = −1
−1

3(i)

3 P 1 B
•
A  3   −1 
b 3  −1  +  7 
a → →
 −2   2 
→
=    
3 OB + OA
OP =
4 4
O
→
2 
 
OP =  1 
 −1 
 

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3(ii)  −1  2   −9 
1 → →
Area of ∆OAP = OA × OP =  7  × 1  =  3 
1    1
2 2    2 
 2   −1  −15 
1 2 2 3 35
= 9 + 3 + 152 =
2 2
Alternative :
 12  3 
3 → →
Area of ∆OAP = area of ∆OAB = OA × OB =  −4  = × 4  −1
3 3  3
4 8 8  8 5 
 20   
3 2 2 2 3 35
= 3 +1 + 5 =
2 2

4 Let the cost of a piece of crepe paper be $x, the cost of a roll of ribbon be $y and
the cost of a sheet of sticker be $z.
8 x + 5 y + z = 17.1
6 x + 4 y + 3 z = 18.4
7 x + 3 y + 2 z = 15.35

 8 5 1  x  17.10 
    
Then  6 4 3  y  = 18.40 
 7 3 2  z  15.35 
    
⇒ x = 0.85, y = 1.60, z = 2.30

∴ Total cost = $[5(0.85) + 3(1.60) + 3(2.30)] = $15.95

πx  2
5 ln ( x − y ) + sin   − 4 xy = 2 − 8e
 4e 
Diff. wrt x,
1  dy    π x    π  dy
 1 −  +  cos     − 4 x − 4 y = 0
x − y  dx    4e    4e  dx

At A ( 2e, e ) ,
1  dy    π    π  dy
 1 −  +  cos      − 4 ( 2e ) − 4e = 0
e  dx    2    4e  dx
dy  1  1
 + 8e  = − 4e
dx  e  e
1
− 4e
dy e 1 − 4e 2
= =
dx 1 + 8e 1 + 8e 2
e

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6 (i) f ' ( x ) = 0 ⇒ x = − a , a.
x ( − a )− −a ( − a )+
f '( x) + 0 −

OR f '' ( −a ) < 0 . ∴ when x = − a , the pt is a max. pt.

x a− a a+
f '( x) − 0 +

OR f '' ( a ) > 0 . ∴ when x = a , the pt is a min. pt.

6(ii) (a) f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ x < −a or x > a

(b) f '' ( x ) < 0 ⇒ x < 0
7(i) Equation of circle centred at origin is: x 2 + y 2 = r 2

2
 1 
2 2
At point of intersection, x +   =r
 x+2
1
When x = −4 , 16 + = r 2
4
65
r2 =
4
65
∴ eqn of circle is: x 2 + y 2 =
4
2 2
4 x + 4 y = 65

7(ii) 65 2
y= −x
4

x
−2 O

1 −4 < x < a or
y =
x=−2 x+2 b<x<c

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8(i) Let Pn be the statement that un = 3(2n) − 1 for n ≥ 1.

When n = 1, LHS = u1 = 5 and RHS = 3(21) − 1 = 5.
∴ LHS = RHS ⇒ P1 is true.

Assume that Pk is true for some k ≥ 1, i.e.

uk = 3(2k) − 1

Need to show that Pk+1 is true, i.e. uk+1 = 3(2k+1) − 1

LHS = uk+1 = 2uk + 1 = 2 { 3(2k) − 1 } + 1
= 3(2×2k) − 2 + 1 = 3(2k+1) − 1 = RHS
∴ Pk+1 is true if Pk is true (or Pk is true ⇒ Pk+1 is true)

By induction, Pn is true for all n ≥ 1.

8(ii) ur = 2ur−1 + 1 ⇒ ur − ur−1 = ur−1 + 1

n n
⇒ ∑ (u r − u r −1 ) = ∑ (u r −1 + 1)
r =2 r =2
u2 − u1
+ u3 − u2
:
n n
+ un − un−1 = ∑ u r −1 + ∑ 1
r =2 r =2
n
un − u1 = ∑ u r −1 + (n − 1)
r =2
n
un − 5 = ∑ u r −1 + (n − 1)
r =2
n n
un = ∑ u r −1 + (n + 4 ) or un = (n + 4) + ∑ u r −1
r =2 r =2
9

12 ( x + 2)( x + 1)
− ≤0
x +1 x +1

10 − x 2 − 3 x
≤0
x +1

( x + 5)( x − 2)
≥0
x +1

-5 -1 2
−5 ≤ x < −1 or x ≥ 2

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9(i) Let y = − x

12
≤ y+2
y +1

y ≥ 2 ⇒ − x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ≤ −2

−5 ≤ y < −1 ⇒ −5 ≤ − x < −1 ⇒ 1 < x ≤ 5

1 < x ≤ 5 or x ≤ −2
9(ii) 12
≤ ln(e 2 x)
ln(ex)
12 12
⇒ ≤ 2 ln e + ln x ⇒ ≤ 2 + ln x
ln e + ln x 1 + ln x

Let y = ln x

12
≤ 2+ y
1+ y

y ≥ 2 ⇒ ln x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ≥ e 2

−5 ≤ y < −1
⇒ −5 ≤ ln x < −1
⇒ e −5 ≤ x < e −1

x ≥ e 2 or e −5 ≤ x < e −1
10 (i) x
Π 1 : x + 2 y = −3  1 2 0     −3 
  y  =  
Π 2 : 2x + 4 y − z = 5  2 4 − 1  z   5 
 

 x   −3 − 2 y 
   
Using GC,  y  =  y 
 z   −11 
   
 −3 − 2 y   −3   −2 
     
r=y  or r =  0  + λ 1 
 −11     
   −11 0 

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10(ii) P

∏1

Since F lies on lPF,

5  1 
→
   
OF =  1  + λ  2  for some λ ∈  .
2  
  0
Since F also lies on plane Π 1 , it must satisfy the equation of Π 1 ,
 5  1    1 
     
 1  + λ  2   .  2  = −3
 2     
 0    0 
5  1   3 
→
     
λ = −2 so OF =  1  + (−2)  2  =  −3 
2    
  0 2 

→
 −2 
 
PF =  −4  = 4 + 16 = 2 5 or 4.47 (3 s.f.)
 0
 
10(iii)  3   5  1 
→ 1 → →  → → → →
OF =  OP + OP '  ⇒ OP ' = 2 OF − OP ⇒ OP ' = 2  −3  − 1  =  −7 
2   2   2  2 
     
11(i) y

10
(3,1) x
O
Rf = [1, ∞)
11(ii) The line y = k cuts the graph of f for all k ∈ Rf ( or k ≥ 1) at only one point.
⇒ f is one-one.
⇒ f −1 exists.
y = ( x − 3) 2 + 1,
( x − 3) = ± y − 1, x = 3 − y − 1, ( ∵ x ≤ 3)
D = Rf = [1, ∞)
f −1
−1
f : x  3 − x − 1, x ≥ 1

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11(iii) If gf exists, Rf ⊆ Dg .
Rf = [1, ∞) and Dg = [1, ∞) . Since Rf = Dg , gf exists.

Dgf = Df = ( −∞, 3]

gf ( x) = ( x − 3)2 + 1 − 1 = ( x − 3)2 = 3 − x

1
12(i) u1 = R 2 and S ∞ = R
2
R2 1
∴ = R ⇒ 2R2 = R − R2 ⇒ 3R2 − R= 0
1− R 2
⇒ R(3R − 1) = 0 ⇒ R = 0 (NA) or R = 1/3
∴ R= 1/3

−2 2 3
 2  2 − 2. − 3  2  − 2. − 3. − 4  2 
12(ii)  1 −  = 1 + (−2)  −  +  −  +  −  +…
 x  x 2  x 3.2  x
= 1 + 2(2/x) + 3(2/x)2 + 4(2/x)3 + … = 1 + 4/x + 12/x2 + 32/x3 + …
−2
4 12 32  2 25
1+ + 2 + 3 + … = 1 −  =
5 5 5  5 9

For 1/xn, coef. is (n + 1)(2n) = 2n(n + 1), so a = 2, b = 1

n−1
an ( n + b) 1 1 2n ( n + 1)
12(iii) nth term = un + =   +
5n 9 3 5n
−2
1  2 1 25
Sum to infinity = R + 1 −  − 1 = + −1
2  5 6 9
35 17
= or 1 or 1.94 (3 sig. fig.)
18 18

13(i) 1 −1
x= 3
= (1 − t 3 )
1− t
dx −2 3t 2
(
= − 1− t3 ) ( −3t ) =2
3 2
dt
(1 − t )
t
y=
1− t3
dy
=
( ) (
1 − t 3 − t −3t 2 )= 1 + 2t 3
3 2 3 2
dt
(1 − t ) (1 − t )
dy dy dt 1 + 2t 3
= ⋅ =
dx dt dx 3t 2
1
dy 1 + 2t 3  1 3
At stationary pt of C, = 2
= 0 so t =  −  = − 0.794 (3 s.f.)
dx 3t  2

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13(ii) y

(1,0) x
O
o
•
(0,667, − 0.529)

(Graph below is as seen for default window setting)

13(iii) 1 1 dy 1
When t = − 1, x = , y = − , = − . Gradient of normal = 3.
2 2 dx 3
 1   1 
Eqn of normal: y −  −  = 3  x −  so y = 3 x − 2
 2   2 

13 t  1 
(iv) At pt. of intersection, 3
= 3 3 
−2
1− t 1− t 
t = 3 − 2 (1 − t 3 ) ⇒ 2t 3 − t + 1 = 0
( t + 1) ( 2t 2 − 2t + 1) = 0
t = −1 or 2t 2 − 2t + 1 = 0
2
disc. = ( −2 ) − 4 ( 2 )(1) = −4 < 0
∴ there are no real roots.

Alternatively,

−1

Thus there is only 1 value of t satisfying the eqn

⇒ there is only 1 pt of intersection
⇒ the normal does not intersect the curve again.

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