Module 1

Building and Maintaining

Relationships

WHAT IS THIS MODULE ALL ABOUT?

This module serves as a learning resource material in understanding the target competency expected
in the curriculum.

TOPIC Personal Relationship

CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate an understanding of the dynamics of attraction,
love, and commitment

LEARNING COMPETENCY EsP-PD11/12PR-IIa-9.1-2

The presented activities or exercises and texts are developed in order to meet the following objective:
• Discuss an understanding of teen-age relationships, including the acceptable and unacceptable
expressions of attractions, and expressing ways of showing attraction, love, and commitment.
PRE-TEST
Read the following items carefully. Write the
letter of your answer.
1.Which describes you?
A. Smart
B. Funny
C. Charismatic
D. Funny

2. Has anyone ever cheated in the relationship?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Once or twice
D. I haven’t caught him / her red handed

3. Are friends with benefits truly friends?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Complicated
D. None of the above

4. Which of these is a means of expression when missing an ex-partner?

A. Remembering the bad
B. Looking bad objectively
C. Staying busy
D. Writing letters, you will never send

5. What is the hardest pain of missing an ex-partner?

A. Loneliness
B. Memories
C. Rejection
D. Boredom

6. Which of the these is a positive effect of relationship break-ups?

A. Boredom
B. Self-pity
C. Self-discovery
D. Self-love

7. What is the conventional way of starting any conversation?

A. Hi!
B. Great!
C. Babe!
D. Good Day!

8. Which of these is important if you want a long-term commitment?

A. Personality
B. Looks
C. Interests
D. Fashion sense

9. Which is not a characteristic of intimate relationships?

A. Trust
B. Self-acceptance
C. Self-disclosure
D. Emotional attachment

10. Which refers to friendship as a form of relationship?

A. Being with others and not just thinking of yourself
B. Saying “yes” always to be accepted by your friends
C. Having a lot of friends
D. Mingling with friends

11. Which is a form of relationship characterized by a mutually satisfying

relationship of sharing of caring and sharing?
A. Romantic relationship
B. Friendship
C. Personal relationship
D. Close friends

WHAT I KNOW?
Love is….
The purpose of this activity is to:
• Introduce the concept of healthy relationships.
• Show that we may define love in different ways – but no matter how
many definitions love has, abuse is not one of them.
Materials:
• Large piece of butcher paper
• Easel/wall and tape
• Markers
Steps:
1. Draw a giant heart on a large piece of paper.
2. Post the heart on the wall and have markers available for activity.
3. Write the words “Love is…” above the heart.
4. Invite each student to provide definitions that answer the phrase “Love
is…” by soliciting ideas from the class until the heart appears to be mostly
full.
Discussions:
• Talking about healthy relationships with youth often resonates better than addressing dating abuse directly. These
conversations can allow students to open up about what are healthy, unhealthy, and abusive
behaviors. Be sure to encourage sharing and supporting naming positive behaviors. This is a great, quick activity
that’s good for groups of all sizes.
• The activity is easy to set up and can be done in most spaces, with a
wide age range.
Guide Questions:

1. What types of words are listed in our heart?

• Are there any that appear a lot or multiple times?
• What kind of words are these?

2. Is there anything you don’t see in this heart?

• How do these words make you feel? Not make you feel?
• Is there anything you were unsure of whether it should be in the
heart?

3. Why are there so many different words?

• Are there words you disagree with?

4. Can there be love in an abusive relationship?

• Is that a reason to stay in the relationship? Why or why not?

5. Define abusive, unhealthy, and healthy behaviors.

• Are there words about abuse in the heart?
• Are there unhealthy words?
• Are there other factors that might impact whether a word is healthy
or unhealthy?

What is it?
Personal Relationship

• What is Personal Relationship?

• Why personal relationships are important?
• Ways to Become a Responsible in a Relationship
What Are Personal Relationships?
Personal relationships in the workplace are relationships that are outside the formal, involuntary
interactions co-workers have with one another as a requirement of their jobs. Personal relationships can
range from friendships to intimate relationships to acrimonious relationships. The concept of
"relationships and family" is broad and varies from person to person. What you mean by relationship is
unique to you, but most people do think of a state of connectedness, especially an emotional connection.
In our model, personal relationships refer to close connections between
people, formed by emotional bonds and interactions. These bonds often grow
from and are strengthened by mutual experiences.
Relationships are not static; they are continually evolving, and to fully enjoy
and benefit from them we need skills, information, inspiration, practice, and
social support. In our model there are three kinds of personal relationships.

Family
The concept of "family" is an essential component in any discussion of relationships, but this varies greatly
from person to person. The Bureau of the Census defines family as "two or more persons who are related
by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household." But many people have family
they don't live with or to whom they are not bonded by love, and the roles of family vary across cultures as
well as throughout your own lifetime. Some typical characteristics of a family are support, mutual
trust, regular interactions, shared beliefs and values, security, and a sense of community. Although the
concept of "family" is one of the oldest in human nature, its definition has evolved considerably in the past
three decades. Nontraditional family structures and roles can provide as much comfort and
support as traditional forms.

Friends
A friendship can be thought of as a close tie between two people that is often built upon mutual
experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional bonding. Friends are able to turn to each other in
times of need. Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler, social-network researchers and authors of the
book Connected, find that the average person has about six close ties—though
some have more, and many have only one or none. Note that online friends don’t count toward close ties
—research indicates that a large online network isn’t nearly as powerful as having a few close, real-life
friends.

Partnership
Romantic partnerships, including marriage, are close relationships formed
between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and
romantic love. We usually experience this kind of relationship with only one
person at a time

Basic Rights in a Relationship

From Patricia Evans' The Verbally Abusive Relationship:
• The right to emotional support
• The right to be heard by the other and to respond
• The right to have your own point of view, even if this differs from
your partner's
• The right to have your feelings and experiences acknowledged
as real
• The right to live free from accusation and blame
• The right to live free from criticism and judgment
• The right to live free from emotional and physical threat
• The right to live free from angry outbursts and rage
• The right to be respectfully asked, rather than ordered
In addition to these basic relationships’ rights, consider how you can
develop patience, honesty, kindness, and respect.

Patience:

Patience is essential to a healthy relationship. There are times when others will respond to us in a way that
is disappointing. When this occurs, it important to communicate our disappointment, but also to give the
other person space. Be willing to give the person some time to reflect, indicating that you are ready to talk
when they are ready. If the person is never ready to discuss the situation, you may need professional help
to resolve the issue, or ask yourself whether or not you want to continue the relationship.

Honesty:
Honesty is another essential quality in healthy relationships. To build honesty in a relationship, you should
communicate your feelings openly, and expect the other person to do the same. Over time, this builds
trust.

Kindness:
Kindness is extremely important to maintaining healthy relationships. You need to be considerate of
others' feelings and other people need to be considerate of yours. Be kind when you communicate.
Kindness will nurture your relationships. Note that being kind does not necessarily mean being
nice.

Respect:
Respect is a cornerstone of all healthy relationships. If you don't have respect for another person, it will
have a negative impact on all of your interactions. Think of a time when you encountered someone who
didn't respect you. How did it feel? What are some ways that you show respect to others?

Why Personal Relationships Are Important?

Healthy relationships are a vital component of health and wellbeing. There is compelling evidence that
strong relationships contribute to a long, healthy, and happy life. Conversely, the health risks from being
alone or isolated in one's life are comparable to the risks associated with cigarette smoking, blood
pressure, and obesity. Research shows that healthy relationships can help you:

• Live longer. A review of 148 studies found that people with strong social relationships are 50% less likely
to die prematurely. Similarly, Dan Buettner’s Blue Zones research calculates that committing to a life
partner can add 3 years to life expectancy (Researchers Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler
have found that men’s life expectancy benefits from marriage more than
women’s do.)
• Deal with stress. The support offered by a caring friend can provide a buffer against the effects of stress.
In a study of over 100 people, researchers found that people who completed a stressful task experienced a
faster recovery when 10 they were reminded of people with whom they had strong relationships.
(Those who were reminded of stressful relationships, on the other hand, experienced even more stress
and higher blood pressure.)
• Be healthier. According to research by psychologist Sheldon Cohen, college students who reported
having strong relationships were half as likely to catch a common cold when exposed to the virus. In
addition, 2012 international Gallup poll found that people who feel they have friends and family to count
on are generally more satisfied with their personal health than people who feel isolated. And hanging out
with healthy people increases your own likelihood of health—in their book Connected, Christakis and
Fowler show that non-obese people are more likely to have non-obese friends because
healthy habits spread through our social networks.
• Feel richer. A survey by the National Bureau of Economic Research of 5,000 people found that doubling
your group of friends has the same effect on your wellbeing as a 50% increase in income! On the other
hand, low social support is linked to a number of health consequences, such as:
• Depression. Loneliness has long been commonly associated with depression, and now research is
backing this correlation up: a 2012 study of breast cancer patients found that those with fewer satisfying
social connections experienced higher levels of depression, pain, and fatigue.
• Decreased immune function. The authors of the same study also found a correlation between loneliness
and immune system dysregulation, meaning that a lack of social connections can increase your chances of
becoming sick.
• Higher blood pressure. University of Chicago researchers who studied a group of 229 adults over five
years found that loneliness could predict higher blood pressure even years later, indicating that the effects
of isolation have long-lasting consequences. According to psychiatrists Jacqueline Old’s and Richard
Schwartz, social alienation is an inevitable result of contemporary society's preoccupation with
materialism and frantic "busy-ness." Their decades of research support the idea that a lack of relationships
can cause multiple problems with physical, emotional, and spiritual health. The research is clear and
devastating:
isolation is fatal.
Source:http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhanceyourwellbeing/relationships/whypersonal

Ways to Become a Responsible in a Relationship

Relationships aren't static—they are living, dynamic aspects of our lives that require attention and care. In
order to benefit from strong connections with others, you should take charge of your relationships and put
in the time and energy you would any other aspect of your wellbeing. Connect with your family One of the
biggest challenges for families to stay connected is the busy pace of life. But Blue Zones research states
that the healthiest, longest-living people in the world all have something in common: they put their
families first. Family support can provide comfort, support, and even influence better health outcomes
while you are sick. Relationships and family author Mimi Doe recommend connecting with family by letting
little grievances go, spending time together, and expressing love and compassion to one another. Of
course, the same practices apply to close friends as well. This is especially important if you don’t have
living family, or have experienced difficult circumstances, such as abuse, that would make it difficult for
you to connect with your relatives. Practice gratitude

Gratitude is one of the most accessible positive emotions, and its effects can strengthen friendships and
intimate relationships. One 2010 study found that expressing gratitude toward a partner can strengthen
the relationship, and this positive boost is felt by both parties—the one who expresses gratitude
and the one who receives it. Remembering to say “thank you” when a friend listens or your spouse brings
you a cup of coffee can set off an upward spiral of trust, closeness, and affection. Learn to forgive It’s
normal for disagreements or betrayal to arise in relationships, but your choice about how to handle the
hurt can have a powerful effect on the healing process. Choosing to forgive can bring about a
variety of benefits, both physical and emotional. Fred Luskin, head of the Stanford Forgiveness Project,
says it’s easier to let go of the anger or hurt feelings associated with a circumstance if you remind yourself
that much of your distress is really coming from the thoughts and feelings you are having right now while
remembering the event—not the event itself. Don’t be afraid to clearly articulate why you are upset, but
once the other party has listened, be willing to lay down your anger and move on.

Be compassionate
Compassion is the willingness to be open to yourself and others, even in painful times, with a gentle,
nonjudgmental attitude. When you feel compassionate toward another person—whether a romantic
partner, friend, relative, or colleague—you open the gates for better communication and a
stronger bond. This doesn’t mean taking on the suffering of others, or absorbing their emotions. Rather,
compassion is the practice of recognizing when someone else is unhappy or whose needs aren’t being met
and feeling motivated to help them. We are an imitative species: when compassion is
shown to us, we return it.
Accept others

It is also important to be accepting of the other person in the relationship. Obviously, this does not apply in
situations of abuse or unhealthy control, where you need foremost to protect yourself. But otherwise, try
to understand where the person is coming from rather than judge them. As you do for yourself, have a
realistic acceptance of the other's strengths and weaknesses and remember that change occurs over time.
Create rituals together With busy schedules and the presence of online social media that offer
the façade of real contact, it’s very easy to drift from friends. In order to nurture the closeness and support
of friendships, you have to make an effort to connect. Gallup researcher Tom Rath has found that people
who deliberately make time for gatherings or trips enjoy stronger relationships and more positive energy.
An easy way to do this is to create a standing ritual that you can share and that doesn’t create more stress
—talking on the telephone on Fridays, for example, or sharing a walk during lunch breaks, are ways to
keep in contact with the ones you care about the most. Spend the right amount of time together Gallup
researchers Jim Harter and Raksha Arora found that people who spend 67 hours per day socializing (which
could mean hanging out with friends, sharing meals with family, or even emailing a colleague) tend to be
the happiest. In contrast, those who have zero interactions (or an exhausting overload of social time) feel
more stressed.

Signs of Healthy Relationship

Relationships are a necessary part of healthy living, but there is no such thing as a perfect relationship.
Relationships, from acquaintances to romances, have the potential to enrich our lives and add to our
enjoyment of life. However, these same relationships can cause discomfort, and sometimes even cause
harm (see statistics from the American Bar Association). Take a few minutes to learn more about how to
protect yourself from developing unhealthy relationships.
What makes a healthy relationship?
A healthy relationship is when two people develop a connection based on:
• Mutual respect
• Trust
• Honesty
• Support
• Fairness/equality
• Separate identities
• Good communication
• A sense of playfulness/fondness
All of these things take work. Each relationship is most likely a combination of both healthy and unhealthy
characteristics. Relationships need to be maintained and healthy relationships take work. This applies to all
relationships; work relationships, friendships, family, and romantic relationships.
While in an unhealthy relationship you:
• Put one person before the other by neglecting yourself or your partner
• Feel pressure to change who you are for the other person
• Feel worried when you disagree with the other person
• Feel pressure to quit activities you usually/used to enjoy
• Pressure the other person into agreeing with you or changing to suit you better
• Notice one of you has to justify your actions (e.g., where you go, who you see)
• Notice one partner feels obligated to have sex or has been forced
• Have a lack of privacy, and may be forced to share everything with the other person
• You or your partner refuse to use safer sex methods
• Notice arguments are not settled fairly
• Experience yelling or physical violence during an argument
• Attempt to control or manipulate each other
• Notice your partner attempts to controls how you dress and criticizes your behaviors
• Do not make time to spend with one another 14
• Have no common friends, or have a lack of respect for each others’ friends and family
• Notice an unequal control of resources (e.g., food, money, home, car,
etc.)
• Experience a lack of fairness and equality
• Accept influence. Relationships are give and take; allowing your partner to influence you is important;
this can be especially difficult for some men.
• Resolve conflict fairly: Fighting is part of even healthy relationships; the difference is how the conflict is
handled. Fighting fairly is an important skill you help you have healthier relationships.

What I can do?

Write a personal plan on how you improve your personal relationship with your parents, grandparents,
other adult family members, siblings, and your peers.

Assessment

1. It is defined as "Two or more people who share goals and values, have
long-term commitments to one another and reside usually in the same
dwelling.
A. Family
B. Friends
C. Partnership
D. Lovers
2. Who, from the following list, would you likely trust to keep your
vulnerabilities secret?
A. your friend
B. Your doctor
C. Your lover
D. Your accountant
3. The following statement are the basic rights in a relationship except?
A. The right to emotional support
B. The right to live free from emotional and physical threat
C. The right to be respectfully asked, rather than ordered
D. The right not to be heard by your love one
4. It can be thought of as a close tie between two people that is often built
upon mutual experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional
bonding.
A. Family
B. Friends
C. Partnership
D. Lovers
5. In a relationship, it is necessary to develop attributes including
straightforwardness of conduct, along with the absence of lying, cheating,
theft, etc.
A. Patience
B. Honesty
C. Kindness
D. Respect
19
6. When this occurs, it important to communicate our disappointment, but
also to give the other person space
A. Patience
B. Honesty
C. Kindness
D. Respect
7. It seems like a meaningful and powerful word. but in the context of
relating to the beliefs of others, the most basic and fitting definition is to
have “due regard” for the other person’s beliefs.
A. Patience
B. Honesty
C. Kindness
D. Respect
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy relationship?
A. Have a lack of privacy
B. Feel pressure
C. Good communication
D. Neglecting others
9. A willingness to be open to yourself and others, even in painful times,
with a gentle, nonjudgmental attitude.
A. Compassion
B. Gratitude
C. Forgiveness
D. Sympathy
10. It is one of the most accessible positive emotions, and its effects can
strengthen friendships and intimate relationships.
A. Empathy
B. Gratitude
C. Forgiveness
D. Respect
Module 2
Social Relationship in Middle and Late Adolescence

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the week, it is expected that the learners must be able to:
1) distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how they
can influence people through their leadership or followership;
2) compare one’s perception of himself/herself and how others see him/her; and,
3) conduct a mini survey on Filipino relationships (family, school, and community)

Set A
This is a 5-point Multiple Choice Test. Read and analyze each statement below and carefully choose the
letter that best describes the statement. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before the number.
_____ 1) It refers to close connection between people, formed by emotional bonds
and interactions.
A) Emotional Relationship C) Personal Relationship
B) Social Relationship D) Political Relationship
_____ 2) It refers to the adolescent relationship with their parents, siblings, relatives,
grandparents, and peers.
A) Emotional Relationship C) Personal Relationship
B) Social Relationship D) Political Relationship
_____ 3) The following are elements of a healthy relationship in the areas of
communication, except;
A) Honest with each other C) Listen to each other
B) Keep in touch with each other D) Trust and Care with each other
_____ 4) It is considered as the basic unit in the society;
A) Family C) Church
B) School D) Market
_____ 5) Which of the following statements best describes a nuclear family?
A) Traditional type of family structure. It consists of two parents and
children.
B) A single parent raising his/her children
C) A family consists of two or more adults who are related with each
other by blood living together and working towards common goals.
D) A family with only one man and several wives in one house.

Set B. True or False Test: Write the word True if the statement is correct and the
word False if otherwise. Answers should be written on the blank before the number.
__________ 1) Values and expectations can be learned by children directly or
indirectly from their immediate social environment.
__________ 2) Parents play the vital role in teaching children necessary values like
honesty, respect, obedience, perseverance and among others.
__________ 3) Parents give their children the opportunity to make important choices
while they still have the safety net of the family.
__________ 4) Healthy relationships are enjoyable and provide opportunities for many
positive experiences that affect self-esteem.
__________5) Interactions with siblings can influence adolescents’ relationship styles
and whether they engage in delinquent behaviors.

What’s In?

Mrs. Dela Cruz, a PerDev teacher, explains that each adult has to develop quality social relationships with peers,
family, school, and community. Said relationship focuses around closeness, shared experiences, communication,
respect, humor, and affection.

The teacher added that to manifest closeness one has to show care, loyalty, trust to people, shared feelings,
support during trying times, shared goals, beliefs, and recognition as well as respect for individual differences.
Further, it was emphasized by Mrs. Dela Cruz that in shared experiences, an individual shares common interests,
talks about experiences and shows respect to other individual’s interests. One also has to be honest and listens
to what the other person says.

Subsequently, the teacher further explains that a person necessitates to use respectful language and act on ways
that do not demean others, understands friends or partner’s wishes and feelings, and should be ready to
compromise or meet the other half-way when conflict or argument will arise. Additionally, one has to enjoy the
company or presence of each other by sharing pleasantries. As a footnote, the teacher said: “Show to your
partner or friend the needed affection (love, care and respect)”

What’s New?
1) Describe your social relationship with your Parents, Grandparents, and the
significant others in your family.

2) Make a personal assessment on how you get along with your peers and classmates
in school.
What Is It?

Tremendous physical, psychological, emotional, and social changes occur dramatically in adolescent stage. With
adolescence comes puberty, expanded cognitive abilities, and a new sense of self and personal identity, increase
expectations at work and in school. Relationships with parents and peers also change. Adolescents gain social
skills as they mature.

Quality relationship gives beneficial outcomes such as psychological health, improved academic performance and
success in adult relationships. The absence of quality relationships is associated with negative outcomes such as
delinquency and psychological issues.
Answer the following questions succinctly.

1) What are the different changes that will dramatically occur during adolescence? Briefly explain each.

2) How do quality relationships influence positive outcomes?

3) Explain this quote “Quality relationship promotes excellent people and higher work productivity”

What’s More

Write a reflection about Social relationships of middle and late adolescence.

Module 3
Family Structures and Legacies

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the week, it is expected that the learners must be able to:
1) appraise one’s family structure and the type of care he/she gives and receives which may help in
understanding himself/herself better;
2) make a genogram and trace certain physical, personality, or behavioral attributes through generations;
3) prepare a plan on how to make the family members firmer and gentler with each other.

What’s In?
Instruction: Cut out pictures of your family members and the significant others. Place them inside the box
“tagged” as the significant people in my life. Write their names and state how important they are to you.

Significant People in my life

Try this. Answer honestly as possible.

1.How important is your family to you?

2) As long as you can remember, how did your parents care for you? Cite examples or instances.

3) Describe the person in your family who provided both financial/material and psychosocial support.

What’s New?
Define the roles of each family member.

Family members Roles in the Family

Father

W Mother

Brother/s

Sister/s

You

What Is It?

Family Structures

Everybody knows how important a family is. My classmate, who was born out of wedlock, has asked me
how it feels having a complete family. I almost cannot utter a simple word because I knew how and what he felt
at that time when he asked me such question. Nevertheless, I answered him candidly but assured him that not
all nuclear family lives the way he thinks.

I was reminded of the lecture of my teacher in Understanding Culture subject that there are three (3) types
of family in terms of membership. These are; the nuclear family, single parent family and the extended family. By
definition, Nuclear Family is the traditional type of family structure. This consists of two parents, never been
separated, and children. The nuclear family was long held in esteem by society as being the ideal in which to
raise children.

The Single-Parent Family, at one hand, consists of one parent raising one or more children on his/her
own. Often, a single parent family is a mother with her children, although there are single fathers as well. Single
parent families are generally close. They find ways to work together.
 On the other hand, Extended Family structure consists of two or more adults who are related, either by blood or
marriage, living in the same home. This family includes many relatives living together and working toward
common goals, such as raising the children and keeping up with the household duties.

Let’s try how much you can remember

1.How nuclear family type differs from a single-parent family?
2.Who compose the extended family and what are the roles of its members?
What More?

I always remember what my teacher in Values Education said in her class one afternoon. She said that
Whatwhen
did you learn
we are from
born, we the selection?
do not have yet the set of values expected from us because we learn them from our
parents or adults who raise us. Yes, she was right because we learn these from our elders. We learn by examples
What I Have Learned? and by watching or observing them at home

Yes, the family plays a greater role in shaping a child into a responsible and productive adult. The family is
a child’s first role model. They do not only set examples but they give every child an opportunity to make
important choices and decisions. Parents are the child’s first teachers and whatever the child learns at home will