VII.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

A. ALGORITHM
Modifiable Factors: Lifestyle; Diet; Hygiene
Non-modifiable Factor: Age

Shigella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium, Escherichia coli,

Yersinia,Norovirus, adenovirus

Person to person (hands) Contaminated food and/or water

Ingestion of Pathogens

Direct invasion of the bowel wall Endotoxins are released

Nausea & vomiting

Stimulation and destruction of mucosal lining of the

bowel wall
Fluid and electrolytes imbalance
Digestive and absorptive malfunction Excessive gas formation GI Distention
Secretion of fluid & Dehydration
electrolytes in the Increased secretion of Cl
intestinal lumen & HCO3 ions in the
Increased peristaltic bowel Dry lips, dry mouth,
movement flushed skin, fatigue,
irritability
Inhibition of Na
reabsorption
Diarrhea