Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Emergence of The Novel
Emergence of The Novel
1. Rise in literacy middle-class demand for education and moral training (“docere et delectare”)
2. Printing
3. New notions of history & historical progression concern with realism / verisimilitude (narrative
techniques to achieve this: first-person narrator / Aristotelian mimesis / epistolary style / anti-romance)
4. Market economy capitalist values (rising obsession with investment and capital accumulation)
5. Stress in individualism the individual as the essential social unit
6. Increased secularism
7. Influence of Protestant values (ex. Robinson Crusoe)
8. Urban experience
9. More rights for women
10. “Movement”, travel and mobility
a. Social movement (industrialism, market economy)
Ex: Moll Flanders, Oliver Twist, Jane Eyre…
b. Geographical movement (improvement in means of transport, imperialism)
Ex: Robinson Crusoe, Frankenstein…
c. The linearity of narrativethe individual human life journeying from birth to death
11. Imperialism
Ex: Robinson Crusoe, Jane Eyre…
12. Constant changes
The previous factors have made the novel:
- better suited to the representation of the individual than the collective
consciousness
- better suited to processes of linear development than to complexities of
simultaneity and reciprocal interaction
- better suited to the expressive need of a literate culture than to the need of an oral
one
But – it can adapt to, incorporate and develop the strengths of:
- rich oral and communal traditions
- new ideologies (Feminism, Postcolonialism)
- new narrative techniques
Ex: Postcolonial writers such as Kenyan Ngugi wa Thiong’o.
(3) Main types of novels
Magic realism (Salman Rushdie, Midnight’s Children [1981 influenced by Tristram Shandy]; Angela
Carter, The Passion of the New Eve [1977], Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow [2006], …)