Business Research

“Factors effecting choosing career of international programs

students at UFM university.”

phantruchoangminh2212@gmail.com
| 04/08/2017
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................................................................2
Scope of the research.........................................................................................................................4
Chapter 2: Review of Literature:...........................................................................................................5
Theoretical Framework......................................................................................................................9
Chapter 3: Methodology.....................................................................................................................10
3.1 Research Objectives...................................................................................................................10
3.2 Research Data............................................................................................................................10
3.2.1 Secondary Data...................................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Primary Data.......................................................................................................................10
3.3 Research Method.......................................................................................................................11
3.4 Research Tool............................................................................................................................11
3.5 Sampling....................................................................................................................................12
3.5.1 Sample Population..............................................................................................................12
3.5.2 Sample Frame.....................................................................................................................12
3.5.3 Sample Size........................................................................................................................13
3.5.4 Sample Technique..............................................................................................................13
3.6 Limitations.................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 4: Analysis.............................................................................................................................14
4.1 Pre-test.......................................................................................................................................14
4.2 Respondent Analysis.................................................................................................................15
4.3 Hypothesises..............................................................................................................................20
Chapter 5: Conclusion..........................................................................................................................22
Reference............................................................................................................................................23
Appendix.............................................................................................................................................24
Chapter 1: Introduction
The problem of choosing suitable career for students after graduation may have an effect their
mentality while studying. Many fresh graduations did not know why they choose their field
of study and what. This study aimed to assess students’ career orientation and career problem
in the future. The results are taken from a survey that involved 100 students from
international program at Finance and Marketing University (UFM). Through a lot of
strategies, there are many students had to train themselves in attitudes as well as skills that
would improve their career perspectives. The results illustrated that students have differences
in family status, fields of study, hometowns and genders have different value perceptions on
career attitudes and skills as well. They also identified career’s values in the right way and
would be willing to improve their knowledge and professional skills to meet the market’s
demands. In the circumstance of shortage in employment, this research paper was conducted
to comprehend students’ perspective of career as well as contribute to them some suggestions
for references.

According to statistics, there are millions of high school students want to study at
Universities and Colleges (Colleges & Universities) every year. However, it is not true,
especially in recent years, as there are over 400 colleges and universities nationwide, it is no
longer a problem for students to find the opportunity to study at colleges and universities. The
difficulty is after 3-5 hard work in school, the family and themselves have lost a lot of effort
and money, but after graduation, the "door life" closed, many students do not find a job after
graduation according to a report from the National Admissions Conference held by the
Ministry of Education and Training in 2011, 37% of graduates fail to find a job, 57% of
graduates have to learn another profession because they find out that they do not fit with the
field of study. Furthermore, the number of students not interested in their studied up to 50%
(MOLISA, 2016)[1]. Most recently, according to statistics from the Ministry of Labour,
Invalids and Social Affairs, the General Statistics Office and the International Labour
Organization (ILO), in the first quarter of 2016 there were 162,400 unemployed or college
graduates. The number of unemployed nationwide is up to 1.3 million and certainly the actual
number is much larger. Unemployed or unskilled graduates are increasingly popular. This has
been a big waste not only for students, families but also for the whole society.

The career orientation of each individual contributes significantly to find a job. That is not
only meaningful to the individual but also to human resources development in the country.
Once individuals find a suitable job, they are more likely to be interested in the job, improve
the way they work and they will be more engaged. Career orientation takes place over a long
period of time, which can be done at a high school before the student chooses the college
entrance examination, while attending college or even after graduation. The orientation of
choosing a studied field during high school (or before) is important and is often effected by
family, friends, and social changes. Meanwhile, career orientation when studying at
University are due to their own spirit, the sense of professionally learning, training
appropriate skills. Even after graduation, students can train themselves and develop to suit
different professions in the market labour. The choice of majors at University often decide
what career of student in the future, but not always real. Nowadays, many graduates with
English Bachelor may do a job related to travel or agricultural engineers can open business
shops. As science and technology is more advanced, the job market is wide open, there are
more professions and, due to the more diversified job requirements, students can have more
employment opportunities. As a result, it will be more challenging for students to apply for
jobs. Many people have jobs and do their jobs well by exploiting hidden abilities, whereas
other students can not find a job after graduation. From that, this research aims to find
solutions to solve the problem of 37 % graduates fail to find a job in recent year. This
purpose followed by:

1. Draw up a profile of graduates who find hard to secure a job.

2. Determine which the most popular factor affecting job choice of student.

3. Assess if what the student studied at university suit to the needs of recruitment.

Based on these facts, the research topic is to conduct student career research UFM, analyses
the notion of career orientation of students, clarifies the trend of the coming career era, learn
the rules of social development affect the career direction of students and encourage proper
career direction. Consequently, this study aims to answer these questions:

- What are current issues related to employment?

- Which internal factors influence students' thinking, aspirations, and beliefs related to
job choice and job search? and which factor does influence mostly?
- How the social development trend affecting career choice of the student?
- How the supply and demand market affecting career choice of student?
- How family effect can influence on thinking of student’s career choice?
Scope of the research
The scope of the research study is concentrated on the international program students who
enrolled in Finance and Marketing University. These students had to pass through the process
of selecting their career choices by choosing the specialized area within business.
Chapter 2: Review of Literature:
The word “career” has been a term that stem from French and Latin origin. In 2002, Geciki
simplified this definition to be industrial, occupational, commercial, or one that could be
applied throughout his or her educational life or in another part or until his death. Redman
and Wilkinson (2001) made clear that career as applying a person's perceptions and
competencies, providing timely professional direction and expertise, and developing and
improving business networks. [2] People tend to choose the profession to pursue their career
goals and get information about their future opportunities, and make timely evaluations.
Career planning is performed on an individual basis as a plan on how a person will motivate
his or her career. Regarding to organizational level, it talks about the advertising aspect along
with the personal development angle. Hence, a short period of career planning is the process
by which individuals help to pursue their growth goals in accordance with their expertise in
the area, their capabilities and their purpose. (Bayraktaroğlu, 2011).[9]

Review of the literature will be explored in this research in order to evaluate and contrast
research in factors that influence career choice as well as the external and internal factors will
be discussed in detail with the help of current research studies. Specifically, the literature will
reveal which factors plays an important role in making career, which factors are impactful in
different contexts and cultures in the world. These factors eventually all guide to the
awareness that career choice is not a lineal process but that it has factors that are influential in
terms of making future plans and those factors themselves are influenced by external and
internal factors such as social development trend, financial outcome family advice, personal
interest and some other factors.

Social development trend

Nowadays, in the face of trend of industrialization and modernization, globalization and

international integration, the labour market needs more and more diversified but highly
specialized and technical requirement. Young people have the opportunity to access the
knowledge economy, they have more opportunities to choose the professions suited to their
abilities and aspirations. However, that is also a challenge, students today face many new
challenges, they have to improve themselves to meet the needs of the society of the
occupation, they need to change to new careers. For example, as services become popular and
necessary jobs in the knowledge economy. In the context of the current economic integration,
the change in the structure of the industry leads to the loss of some occupations and the
number of new occupations, which makes workers face the uncertain future. Hence, It is very
important to catch the opportunities in the future in order to adapt to new circumstances,
adapt to change careers.

Career development, is an ongoing process for some people to engage in various jobs through
the selection of job opportunities available in the market. Each person performs the procedure
for choosing subjective opportunities by a variety of factors, contexts, personal skills and
educational skills (Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, & Pastorelli, 2001). It is natural that
people always try to forecast or direct sometimes uncertain futures, so students always try to
plan for future careers in a safe place where the best job opportunities are weak. An important
factor can be detrimental to career choice. A career plan will help students feel satisfied in
their work, which will directly lead to satisfaction. The first career choice is an intellectual,
developmental work that young people are expected to complete at the end of high school
(Super, Savicks, & Super, 1996). Many differences were found when adult students were
surveyed, when they were not influenced by culture but by ensuring their future. It has also
been found that in career counseling programs of the middle school it does not matter, but in
the private schools the career choice counseling is a standard. Azizzadehetal (2003) based
research on medical science students found that career opportunities combined with
credibility played an important role in the decision-making process of choosing surgical
careers. Often, it is thought that families and communities are a great start to work; However,
this decision plays an important role in launching students on the career path that opens and
closes opportunities. Research shows that career choice with the impact of future job
opportunities is also different among students in management science and youth in the
school. Again, a study by Muranguri (2011), confirms the presence of a number of agents,
mixed to give the result of career choice. According to him, an individual's personality,
cultural environment, family experience, his guidance and expectations, and a particular field
of relevance to the profession are chosen by an individual.

Financial Outcome

There are a number of studies conducted on many undergraduate students showing the role of
major sources of support for students; Parents and scholarships have been found to be
significant among these. The results also show that the future benefits predicted from a career
including future higher income opportunities and promotions are factors that influence career
choices among University students in South Africa, in addition to visiting professors (for
career counselling) are also influential factors in choosing a career. Another work that is
widely discussed in the research is the financial difficulties that individuals face, hindering
the decision-making process of choosing a career. Kerka (2000) pointed out that information
exploited by individuals and financial resources at their discretion significantly impedes the
individual's decision-making process about career choice. Ushure lectures (2014) illustratde
that the limited financial resources available to students affect them negatively in their
preferences for career choice. Their desire to become experts in such renowned fields as
engineering, doctorate etc. and it will be limited by the availability of finance for them. He
also argues that in some cases even children belong to low status.

Family effect

According to Dr. Nancy's study of "Factors affecting the career of high school students,"
family respect is one of the most influential determinants of Filipino students' career
decisions. Agree that in respect and loyalty it may not be appropriate to express personal
desires; Rather, one can change one's interests to maintain harmony. As a sign of respect,
Filipino children want to do good for the sake of the family, follow the parents' advice about
choosing a job or college and finally sacrifice for the family. ]. For practical reasons, it has
also been reported that parents often encourage jobs that are not costly and are a stable source
of income. Careers in nursing, accounting and engineering are very popular with Philippine
families [8]. These articles discuss how the family decides what college students should
participate in regarding the financial status of the family.

Personal interest

Studies conducted in different countries may combine different cultures with different
relationships between the variables chosen for the study; For example, in Kenya the type of
personality and interest in the subject is a factor that greatly influences the choice of a
student's occupation, but if we look at the analogy this study is conducted. In South Africa,
where demographics and culture are completely different, it reveals that financial factors
affect the career choices of students, Fatima Abrahams et al. (2015). Zing (2007) studies
conclude that individuals prefer an individual to a particular topic contributing to his career
selection decision. Shertzer and Stone (2003) found that the interest of students in certain
subjects would primarily lead to better performance and career choices in the same direction.
Alexander et al. (2011) have a test with students studying in the areas of information
technology discovers that the likelihood of the target director is significant when looking at
the factors contributing towards the professionalism adopted by student. Edward and Quinter
(2012) investigate that an individual's tendency toward a specific field or object, his or her
tastes for a particular job and the relevance of his or her personality and occupation are
Selection is an important factor contributing to the career path.

Others factors

Aside from above these main factors above, there are some other extra factors regrading to
career choice. First one that is perspective of student also decide to what career path is.
Students build future career prospects and these expectations shape the criteria students set
for themselves to strive for and thus also affect the career direction of students. Brown-
Volkman (2003) believes that it is possible to explore work success through personal views
and thoughts about the job. The view of work is an important factor in shaping the career of
the individual in the future. The research question in this section is "how do students view the
job choice?". Career orientation of students is learned through the conscious orientation,
attitude orientation, and skills orientation of students about the profession. The second one
that is the ease of subject . A vast majority of students want to enrol the majors that they
found themselves lacking intellectual abilities required for certain elective courses. They
wanted to ease their lives by avoiding enrolments in such majors which has many
compliment subjects. They do not want to involve in the fields that may sound to require
extensive hard work (Fizer, 2013). A research of Tanuja Agarwala, (2008) investigation of 93
Indian candidates who have adopted management science discipline indicated that expertise,
competencies and capabilities of students are the core factors in career decision beside their
fathers’ influence as foremost ones. And the last factor may stem from the national economy
which refers to labour market. Obviously, students are not willing to enrol the career that
exist the unemployment problem - surplus labour supply as a result of a huge amount of
graduates annually but it has not met the demand in the market. There are some reasons to
explain this trouble. One reason is the education system from Universities which teaching a
lot of theory knowledge instead of practical knowledge for students.

Theoretical Framework
The studies of S. Alvin Leung (2008) show that the primary concern of management students
is their choice at critical points to end their career path. Family counselling, social

Financial Family
Outcome advice
 Social Personal
development interest
trend Career
choice
development trends, and personal attention are factors that motivate career choices. There
may be other internal or external factors that may directly or indirectly affect the choices
students make. However, this research will be created with a deep understanding of the four
elements strengthened through document review. The conceptual framework describes the
main factors (extracted from the literature) used for the relationships of variables with career
choice.

The theoretical framework also describes both dependent and independent variables. At the
center of the model exists a dependent variable (the career choice between business students)
and the independent variables surrounding it. Any of these independent variables can affect
career choices. These variables and their relationships are found from the hypothesis analysis
constructed by this model.

Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Research Objectives
The main purpose of conducting this research was to comprehend factors that can have an
effect on international program students’ career choice at Finance and Marketing University.
3.2 Research Data
"Research data is defined as the actual recorded data that is usually retained and accepted in
the scientific community if necessary to validate the results of the research, although much of
the data is generated. In numerical terms, all research data is included regardless of how the
format is created. "(Research Council for Technical and Physical Sciences) [7]. Data play an
important role in any study to analyse and evaluate the accuracy of research results. At the
same time, the data collected will strongly influence the results of the study. Therefore, it is
important to ensure accurate information during the data collection process.
3.2.1 Secondary Data
Secondary data is data that has been collected by others and is available from other sources.
Much of the data is inexpensive and faster than primary data and may also be available when
key data can not be obtained. In other words, the researcher conducted secondary data
analysis of data analysis but did not involve data collection (Church, 2002, p. 32). Secondary
data analysis, where "secondary data may include any data that is being tested to answer a
research question other than the question (s) to which the original data was collected" (Page
3, Vartanian, 2010). The main sources of secondary data used to conduct this research paper
include:

+ Employment data from MOLISA (Ministry of labour invalids and social affairs)

+ Graduates data from MOET (Ministry of Education and Training)

+ The number of students in different departments are took from UFM website and Training
Office.
3.2.2 Primary Data
In the main data collection, this is a type of data collected using methods such as interviews
and questionnaires. It is important to prepare for a research plan and design the questionnaire
to ensure that no tables will be left behind. There are instances when the table can not be
produced because the questionnaire was designed without a statistical plan in place. In other
words, data is the initial data that the researcher has collected and analyzed for the first time
for specific research purposes (Hox & Boeije, 2005, p. 593).
Some examples of key data collection methods are questionnaires, interviews, focus group
interviews, observations, case studies, diaries, serious incidents and portfolios. However, the
main source of the main data collection method used in this study is the Google
questionnaire. There are three reasons for this study to be the main method of data collection.
The first reason is because the method is less time consuming because the questionnaire can
be distributed as much as possible to university students without restrictions. The second
reason is easily summed up because Google sample interviews can export Excel files
including charts and summaries. And the last reason is to save money because the survey
conducted by Google is free.
3.3 Research Method
This research paper follows the survey method for conducting research. This type of research
method was chosen because it can be considered as the easiest way to collect primary data
that is less time and budget consuming. Although there are two types of survey which are
personal interview and online interview, this research paper only used the online interview
method.

The reason of using online interview was because internet is one of the platforms that most of
students used the internet on daily basis and they can use it skilfully. So then, researcher was
able to persuade university students to participate through online by giving them the Google
form link as some of them are not able to answer the questionnaire physically due to personal
reasons such as rushing for classes. Another reason why this research follows this tool is,
online interview will be another platform that increases flexibility and convenience for
students. In addition, this method was also very useful because this method did not charge
for payment. This can be explained where the physical questionnaire needed was lesser and
researcher was able to reduce travelling time by encouraged university students who are not
staying around the city to participate through online.
3.4 Research Tool
In the questionnaire, it has two scales of measurement that used are nominal and Likert scale.
Firstly, nominal as the non-comparative scales of measurement that was used in first section
that will take general information of survey participants. Besides, non-comparative scaling
technique that was used to conduct the research was Likert scale, which falls under the
category of itemized rating scales. In Likert scale, respondents are required to specify their
degree of agreement or disagreement of different statements based on the number assigned to
each category ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree (Malhotra, 2007, p. 308).

The questionnaire was divided into two sections. Firstly, the first section was about
demographic variables to understand basic information of each respondent. The second
section asked about general questions to understand the basic complaint around factors that
influence the career choice of students. This last section of this questionnaire measured
factors which included social development trend, financial outcome, family dependent and
personal interest . This section provides results in understanding reasons for university
students to involve in opinion and perspective.

3.5 Sampling
A sample is a proportion or subset of a larger group called a population. A good sample is a
miniature version of the population of which it is a part – just like it, only smaller.’ (Fink,
2003: 1). A sample refers to data collected from a part of representative of the population to
use as research information (Latham, 2007). A part of representative are a group of
respondents selected from a large population to conduct survey. Fridah (2002) posits that
sampling can be defined as the process of choosing the right sample or representative of
population to determine the characteristics of the whole population (p. 1). Sampling plays an
important role because it serves the purpose of drawing conclusions about the populations
based on samples.
3.5.1 Sample Population
Polit and Hungler (1999) refer to populations as a whole or as a whole of all objects, entities,
or members that fit a set of specifications). The population selected for this study is a student
enrolled in an international program at the University of Finance and Marketing, which
means that any student who is enrolled in this program at UFM has the right to attend.
Participated in the survey.
3.5.2 Sample Frame
Due to the fact that the entire student population still has many students, the population then
shrinks to the college students who previously complained. Therefore, a questionnaire from a
student without prior complaint will be denied. That way, the number of students dropped
because not everyone had complained before.
3.5.3 Sample Size
The sample size of the respondents used for this study was 100 college students. Too few
respondents will not provide accurate results to the researcher because the population is too
small. In particular, this study was conducted on 100 students including men and women.
Because the number of male and female college students is not the same, the sex ratio is
based on the number of people in the international program. Specifically, according to the
Student Information Booklet in the Training Division, there are about 67 per cent of female
students and 33 per cent of men. [5]

3.5.4 Sample Technique

There are two commonly used sampling techniques that are widely used, including
probabilistic sampling and non-standard sampling. However, unspecified sampling was the
only sampling technique used in this study. Nonlinear sampling is based on the individual's
evaluation of the researcher, where the researcher will choose which factors to include in the
sample (Malhotra, 2007, p. 376). It is beneficial for researchers to accomplish the goal of the
study on hand (Latham, 2007). One of the benefits of sampling is not convenient, where
researchers can collect samples at a low cost (Babbie, 1990 as quoted in Latham, 2007).

Convenient sampling and snow sampling, quota sampling are the three techniques used to
conduct this study. The convenient sampling is used where the researcher just walks around
the university campus and interviews anyone who seems to fit the criteria of the qualified
respondent. The advantage of using convenient templates is easy, fast and cheap. Everyone
can access it easily and quickly. Also, this method is almost free. The limitation of this type
of sampling technique is difficult to determine the presentation of the sample population. On
the other hand, snow sampling was used by asking respondents to introduce their friends to
participate in surveys and share posts on the Facebook page. This study will be shared with
"core people" and then they share it continuously with their friends until the template is
needed. However, the number of men and women is limited by the quota sampling technique;
for example, the quota sampling method is sampling without probability and can be defined
as "a sampling method of collecting Representative data from a group "[6]. Use quota
sampling to ensure that the sample group represents certain characteristics of the population
selected by the researchers (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A., 2012). Cochran
(1953) as quoted in Latham (2007). Appropriate sampling techniques can make research
process more efficient, flexible, more accurate and can also reduce costs.

3.6 Limitations
It is not possible to conduct research smoothly without experiencing any problems. One of
the problems is that students are busy with their work or playing games when they are asked
to participate in the survey, so some of them have answered very quickly without reading it
seriously. This can lead to inaccurate results because they may miss some information
leading to trouble when running SPSS.

In addition, another difficulty in conducting an online survey is that students may ask
researchers questions they do not understand or researchers can not answer questions
immediately to their answers can be affected.
Chapter 4: Analysis
Before we do the analysis, the grammar was checked once before it was distributed to
respondents who participated in the survey. The scales used in the questionnaire are also
checked to ensure that the scale is used correctly. Next, a reliability test was taken to measure
whether the questionnaire was sufficient. In other words, the Reliability Test based on the
Cronbach alpha results was originally collected by Kuder & Richardson (1937) and then
generalized by Cronbach (1951). Relation and correlation between observed variables in
scale. It highlights the confidentiality and consistency of the answers. In short, high alpha is
good. High alpha is due to high variability. But why there are high differences because of
high differences means that you have a wide score, which means that students are more
discriminating. If a test has a low difference, scores for the class are close together. Unless
the students really have the ability to close, tests are not helpful. The Cronbach's Alpha (CA)
coefficient is defined as follows:

The Cronbach's Alpha (CA) coefficient is defined as follows:

CA <0.6: Scale for factor is not appropriate. It may be because the questionnaire design is not
good or the data obtained from the survey has many bad samples.

0.6 <CA <0.7: Cronbach's Alpha coefficient is sufficient to conduct new research.

0.7 <CA <0.8: The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient is standardized for the study.

0.8 <CA <0.95: Cronbach's Alpha coefficient is very good. This is the result of a well-
designed, clear, well-grouped, and well-designed questionnaire, with no bad samples.

CA> 0.95: Cronbach's Alpha coefficient due to coincidence. The reason is that designing the
content of the questions in the same element reflects a problem or no difference in meaning.
Another reason is the false sample.

Case Processing Summary

N %
Cases Valid 100 100.0
a
Excluded 0 .0
Total 100 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all
variables in the procedure.
 Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.708 16
Figure 4.1

Hence, this research paper also had to use Cronbach Alpha to measure the reliability between
variables in the scales. As a result, the questionnaire that is considered good are the one that
achieved more than or equal to 0.5 of Cronbach alpha. Figure above showed that the
Cronbach alpha was 0.708, which can be standardized as it exceeds 0.5.

4.2 Respondent Analysis

Respondent analysis is about the information of respondents such as their major and gender at
University. By looking at the number of gender, and major in figure 4.2a, it showed that the
total respondents are equal to 100 respondents and there is no missing. The skewness of
gender is -0.734, which is within the normal range between -1 to 1 and the skewness for
gender is -0.371, which also fall inside of the normal skewness range. However, the mean
and median of gender is not nearly equal, presented by gender’s mean and median are 1.67
and 2.00 respectively. Similarly, the mean and median of majors are 2.08 and 1.50. As a
result, it is concluded that this contribution was not standardized. The reason may be due to
the imbalance amount of female and male who participated in the survey as well as the
imbalance among majors in the research. Obviously, while biases of major may occur as
result may represent more on the thinking of international business because the number of
student pursuing this field more than others, the biases of gender as a result of quota sampling
that research paper is following.

Statistics
What is your
What is your studying
gender? department?
N Valid 100 100
Missing 0 0
Mean 1.67 2.08
Median 2.00 1.50
Std. Deviation .473 1.292
Skewness -.734 .823
Std. Error of
.241 .241
Figure 4.2b: What is your gender?
Skewness
Kurtosis -1.491 Valid
-.660 Cumulative
Std. Error of Kurtosis .478
Frequency Percent .478
Percent Percent
Valid male 33 33.0 33.0 33.0 Figure 4.2a
female 67 67.0 67.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0 After knowing the
total number of respondents, each respondent is then divided into different characteristics
based on gender and major. This can be seen in figure 4.2b and 4.2c where respondent who
are on the same major and gender will fall under the two tables.

Obviously (figure 4.2b), the number of male respondent is 33, whereas the number of female
respondents is 67. There is difference of 34 because researcher did practice quota sampling
in collecting data.

Figure 4.2c What is your studying department?

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
International
50 50.0 50.0 50.0
Valid business
Finance 16 16.0 16.0 66.0
Accounting 15 15.0 15.0 81.0
Marketing 14 14.0 14.0 95.0
Other 5 5.0 5.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

For Major department, it is easy to see that the number of student studying international
business is highest compared with other major. It occupied by 50 % which is equal to the sum
of others.
In short, HELP University has occupied 75 percent of respondents. The reason is because
researcher is constantly distributing questionnaire in her own university rather than other
universities. However, there are also respondents from other university as researcher will
have friends who are studying at different universities and also different respondents through
online survey.
Factors consideration:

Based on the frequencies table, the research can show which factor student think it influences
mostly on their career choice. Of course, this result is just the respondent of 100 students so it
has not had conditions enough to conclude that this factor have much impact on student’s
career choice at University. However, it illustrates the general picture between factors which
are Social development trend, Financial outcome, Accounting, Marketing and Other.

Social development trend affecting your career choice

 Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Absolutely
2 2.0 2.0 2.0
disagree
Disagree 8 8.0 8.0 10.0
Neutral 42 42.0 42.0 52.0
Agree 28 28.0 28.0 80.0
Absolutely agree 20 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
The table above show that majority of students think that social development trend impacts
neutrally on their career choice. Particularly, 42 of 100 students chose neutral agree for this
factor. On the other hand, only one-fourth believe that they absolutely agree for choosing
career according to social development and 28 students chose “agree”.

Financial outcome:

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Disagree 5 5.0 5.0 5.0
Neutral 17 17.0 17.0 22.0
Agree 48 48.0 48.0 70.0
Absolutely
30 30.0 30.0 100.0
agree
Total 100 100.0 100.0

Looking at the figure above, the table show that nearly a half of student agreed with opinion
that Financial factor have much effect on their career choosing. One-third of total students
absolutely agreed with this factor. Obviously, this factor seem to be a potential factor for the
research result.

Family effect:
 Your family affecting your career choice.
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Absolutely
18 18.0 18.0 18.0
disagree
Disagree 32 32.0 32.0 50.0
Neutral 22 22.0 22.0 72.0
Agree 18 18.0 18.0 90.0
Absolutely agree 10 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0

It is clearly to see that this factor has less student’s option that others. Particularly, there were
only 10 students who absolutely agrees with the statement that your family affecting your
career choice. And there were only 18 students agreed with this statement. Basing on this
result, this factor can be rejected initially without any test.

Personal Interest:

You think personal interest has an effect on choosing career.

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Absolutely
1 1.0 1.0 1.0
disagree
Disagree 4 4.0 4.0 5.0
Neutral 15 15.0 15.0 20.0
Agree 45 45.0 45.0 65.0
Absolutely agree 35 35.0 35.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0

It can be seen that this factor can be also a potential factor for the research result while there
were 35 students who choose this statement which is “You think personal interest has an
effect on choosing career” as absolute agreement. Besides, 45 students agreed with this factor
as the reason for their career choice.
After considering factors through frequencies table, the “Family effect” factor was deleted
because of the least number of student who choose agree and absolute agree with this
statement. Hence, the research checked the Cronbach’s Alpha again to consider reliability
after deleting this factor.

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.818 12

As the table above, the Cronbach’s Alpha after deleting the Family effect has changed
significantly to 0.018 which was very good for research.

4.3 Hypothesises
4.3.1 Hypothesis one:

H1: There is relationship between Social development trend and choice of career of

business students.

H0: There is no relationship between Social Development Trend Factor and choice of career
of business students.

As shown at the Figure 4.3.1a (Appendix), One-Way ANOVA is used in each statement. The
use of One-Way ANOVA is to check the relationship of the statement, so that researcher will
know whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected. This can be done by looking at the
sigma in the table. A statement that has significance level of less than 0.05, it will be
considered the sigma in ANOVA table, while statement that has significance level more than
0.05 will be considered in Welch table.
At first, the sigma in figure 4.3.1a is 0.06, more than 0.05 so it will be considered in the
welch table. Obviously, the sigma in the Welch table, it is 0.06 also more than 0.05. Hence,
H0 will be accepted means that there is no relationship between Social Development Trend
and choice of career of business students.
4.3.2 Hypothesis two:
H2: There is a relationship between Financial Outcome and choice of career of business

students
H0: There is no relationship between Financial Outcome and choice of career of business
students.

As shown in the figure 4.3.1a, the sigma is 0.015, less than 0.05 so it will be considered
directly in the ANOVA table. Obviously, the sigma in the ANOVA table, it is 0.575 also
more than 0.05. Hence, H0 will be accepted means that There is no relationship between
Financial Outcome and choice of career of business students.

4.3.3 Hypothesis three

H0: There is no relationship between Personal Interest in subject and choice of career of
business students.

H3: There is a relationship between Personal Interest in subject and choice of career of
business students

At first, the sigma in figure 4.3.1a is 0.807, more than 0.05 so it will be considered in the
welch table. Obviously, the sigma in the Welch table, it is 0.468 also more than 0.05. Hence,
H0 will be accepted means that there is no relationship between Personal Interest in subject
and choice of career of business students.
Chapter 5: Conclusion

This research aimed at considering factors affecting the career choice of student who is
studying in international program at Finance and Marketing University. This research
expected to help students to have a general vision of their career path and also education
organ to have solution to solve the problems related to unemployment of graduates as well as
career orientation of students. The problem of choosing suitable career for students after
graduation is very important while studying. Because many fresh graduations did not know
why they choose their field of study and what. This study aimed to assess students’ career
orientation and career problem in the future. The results are taken from a survey that involved
100 students from international program at Finance and Marketing University (UFM).

After choosing outstanding 4 main factors affecting career choice, the research was
performed the statistic by some test such as Cronbach’s Alpha, One-way ANOVA and
Frequencies table. Basing on the Frequencies table, there are many students agreed and
absolutely agreed with the factor personal interest and financial outcome which have effects
on their career choice. To ensure this result’ reliability, the research also was checked by
One-way ANOVA. As a result, there is no factor mentioned can meet the standard so that two
factors which are Financial Outcome and Personal Interest can not be accepted. The reason
may stem from the sampling size that was not large enough to conclude these factors.
Another reason that it had many factors affecting students at the same level and at the same
time so that it caused the difficulty to conclude the result. Lastly, the reason can be these
factors had not a much effect on students who is studying this program at UFM University. It
may be other reasons such as ease of subject, future opportunity or they failed the university
entrance exam to their major interest so they had no choice.
To sum up, although the result from One-way ANOVA was not as expectation, the research
result from frequencies table illustrated the general vision about student expectation.
Particularly, majority of students choose financial outcome factors affecting a lot their career
choice. That may lead to that they may choose a career with high salary but they are not
suitable. As a result, the ability puts a wrong position so that it will be a “wasting ability”.
Hence, financial outcome need solving in such a way that majors in the same position have
the equal contribution.

Reference

1. MoLISA. (2016). Career Orientation Online:http://www.molisa.gov.vn/.. Ministry of

Labour- Invalid and Social Affairs (MoLISA).

2. K.Rampersad, H. (2008). Personal Balanced Scorecard. Alphabooks.

3. Kerka, S. (2000). ‘Career choice, gender, race and class’. Eric cleaning house on adult
career and vocational education Columbus.ED 421641.

4. Fizer (2013), ‘Factors Affecting CareerChoices of College Students Enrolled in

Agriculture’, A Research Paper Presented for the Master of Science in Agriculture and
Natural Resources Degree, The University of Tennessee, Martin.

5. Training office, Student Information.

6. Quota sampling: Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) “Research Methods for
Business Students” 6th edition, Pearson Education Limited

7.Data Research definition, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

8.Edwards, K., & Quinter, M. (2012).’Factors Influencing Students Career Choices among
Secondary School students in Kisumu Municipality, Kenya’. Journal of Emerging Trends in
Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2 (2): 81-87.

9. Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2011). İnsanKaynakları Yönetimi. 4. Baskı. Sakarya:SakaryaYayıncılık

10.Geçikli, F. (2002). Bireysel KariyerPlanlama ve Geliştirmede İmajın Rolü. İstanbul

Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (15), 337-354.
Appendix

Figure 4.3.1a Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
Social Development 2.295 4 95 .065
Financial Outcome 3.261 4 95 .015
Personal Interest .402 4 95 .807

Figure 4.3.1b ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Social Development Between Groups 1.573 4 .393 .662 .620
Within Groups 56.433 95 .594
Total 58.007 99
Financial Outcome Between Groups 1.758 4 .440 .728 .575
Within Groups 57.344 95 .604
Total 59.103 99
Personal Interest Between Groups 1.771 4 .443 .794 .532
Within Groups 52.966 95 .558
Total 54.737 99

Figure 4.3.1c Robust Tests of Equality of Means

Statistica df1 df2 Sig.
Social Development Welch 2.935 4 13.734 .060
Financial Outcome Welch .707 4 11.300 .603
Personal Interest Welch .955 4 11.521 .468
a. Asymptotically F distributed.