Barboianu, C. (2013) - The Mathematics of Slots. Configurations, Combinations, Probabilities.

THE MATHEMATICS OF SLOTS
Configurations, Com binations, Probabilities
Catalin Barboianu
INF AROM Publishing
Applied Mathematics
office@infarom.com
http://www.infarom.com
http://probability.infarom.ro
ISBN 978-973-1991-40-5
Publisher: INF AROM

Author: Catalin Barboianu
Correction editor: CarolAnn Johnson
Copyright © INFAROM 2013
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Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................ 9
History and evolution ............................................................................ 9
General description and rules ................................................................ 10
Popularity........ ........ ......... .............. .......... ........... ........ . ........ ...... . ........ .. 12
Mathematics and slots.... .................. ........ .. .... .. .. ..... .............................. 13
The Configuration of Slot Machines .......... .......................................... 17
Configuration of the display...... ...... .. .................. .......... .. .. ................. 18
Lines in a grid .. .... .. .......... ........................ .... ............ ........ .................. 18
Particular lines in a rectangular grid ............................................... 27
Horizontal lines, vertical lines, and oblique lines .. ..... ................. 29
Triangular lines ....... .... ............ ... ........... ..... ............. ..................... 32
Trapezoidal lines ............. ... .......................................................... 34
Zigzag lines .... ............ .... .. ....................... ............... .... .. ................ 35
Double-stair lines ............ ........ ...... ......................... .. .................... 36
Examples ... ....... .... .................. ................. .... ..... ....... ......... .. ... ..... .. 40
Configuration of the reel ..................... .......... ........ .... .......... .... .......... . 42
Distribution of the symbols ................................................................ 42
Arrangement of the symbols .............................................................. 44
How to estimate the number of stops and the symbol distribution
on a reel .................... .. ................................. ....... ............................ ......... 45
Method I - Statistical observation ......................................... ............ 46
Denominator-match method ... ........ ............................ ....... ............. 50
Method 2 - Physical measurements .......... ........... ... ........................... 58
Combinations ...... ... ..... ................. ...... ...... ....... .......... ... ..... ...... ..... ........... 65
1. Combinations holding a specific symbol S .......................... .......... 67
l.l Exactly one instance of S ...... .. .... .... ............ .. ............................. . 67
1.2 Exactly two instances of S .................... ........................ .............. 68
1.3 Exactly three instances of S ............ ...... .......... .... .... .................... 69
Generalization: Exactly m instances of S ........................................... 70
2. Combinations holding two specific symbols S, and S2............... 72
2.1 Exactly one instance of S, and one instance of S2.................... 72
2.2 Exactly two instances of S, and one instance of S2 ................... 73
Generalization: Exactly k, instances of S, and k2 instances of S2" 75
2.3 Only S, and S2.... .......... ...... ...... ...... ............ ........................... ..... 77
3. Combinations holding at least one of two or more specific
symbols S, and S2 .......... ............ .... ........ .................. .... .......................... 80
4. Combinations holding any symbol in several instances .............. 82
4.1 Any double .. .......... .............. .......... .. ................................. ........ ... 82
4.2 Any triple ............. ..................................... .. ... ................. .. .......... 83
Generalization: Any k-tuple ........ ... ............... ........ .......... ................... 84
Probabilities. .. ...... ....... .... ........ ..... ...... .... .. ..... .. ... ........................... .......... 89
3
Slots gaming events ............................................................................ . 93
The general formulas ofthe probability of the winning events
related to one payline ............................................................................ . 96
The probabilities of the winning events related to several lines ... .. 107
Winning events related to several lines ............................................. . 107
The inclusion-exclusion principle for probabilities .......................... . III
Approximations .. ........ ...... ...... .. .......... ........ ...... .......................... ...... . . 114
Approximating the probability of a conjunction of slots events .... . 117
Approximating the probability of a disjunction of slots events ..... . 123
AO approximation ..... ...... ........... ............. .......... .. ...................... .. . 123
AI, A2, A3 approximations ....................................................... .. 125
Repeated bets and expected value .. ... ......................... ..... ... ........ ..... .. 130
Expected value .................................................................................. . 130
The general formulas of EV in slots ...... ... ................. .................... . 132
Probabilities associated with repeated events in slots ..................... .. . 14]
Practical Applications and Numerical Results ................................ ... . ]47
3-reel slot machines .............. ..................... ........... .... ... ..... ... .. ... ... ....... . 149
1 X 3 display ...... .. ... ......... ....... .. ......... ... ... .. ........ .. .............................. . 150
Probabilities of winning events on the pay line ............................. .. 150
1. Case A - the same number of stops and symbol distribution
on the reels .......... ............ .. .. .... ...... ....... ..... ....................................... ....... . 150
1.1 Event E, - A specific symbol three times ..... ........ ........ ... . 150
1.2 Event E2 - Any symbol three times (triple) ........... .......... . 154
1.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly twice .................... . ISS
1.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly twice (double) ............ ... . 158
l.5 Event E5 - A specific symbol exactly once ..................... . 158
l.6 Event E6 - Any combination of two specific sym bols .... . 161
l. 7 Event E7 - Any combination of at least one of three
specific symbols ...................................................................................... . 167
1.8 A specific symbol at least twice ........................................ . 168
l.9 A specific symbol at least once ......................................... . 170
l.10 A specific symbol three times or another specific
symbol twice ........................................................................................... . 173
1.11 A specific symbol three times or another specific
symbol once ... ... .... .... .... .... ...... .... ......... .. .......... .............. .................... ..... . 179
symbol at least once .. ... ... ... ......... .. ......... ..... .............. ..... .................... ..... . 184
1.13 A specific sym bol three times or any combination of that
symbol with another specific symbol ... ...... .. ..... .. ..... ..... .. ........................ . 190
1.14 A specific symbol twice or another specific symbol once 195
1.15 A specific symbol twice or any combination of at least
one of three other specific symbols ........ .................... ..... ........... ..... ..... ... . 201
2. Case B - different numbers of stops and symbol distributions
on the reels ............... .... ............ .......... .............. .... ... ........... .... .. .... ...... ..... . 209
2.1 Event E, - A specific symbol three times ..... ..... ... ....... .... . 209
4
2.2 Event £2 - Any symbol three times (triple) .. ........ ............ 2 12
2.3 Event £3 - A specific symbol exactly twice ....... .... ... .. ..... 213
2.4 Event £4 - Any symbol exactly twice (double) ..... ..... .... .. 216
2.5 Event £5 - A specific symbol exactly once .... .. ................ 217
2.6 Event £6 - Any combination of two specific symbo ls .. ... 221
2.7 Event £7 - Any combination of at least one of three
specific symbols ... .... .. .... .... ...... ..... ....... ........ ... ...... ...... ............ ........ ... ... ... 221
2.8 A specific symbol at least twice ..................... ................. .. . 222
2.9 A specific symbol at least once ........ ....... .. .... .. .. .... ........... .. 225
2.1 0 A specific symbol three times or another specific
symbol twice ...... ........... ........ .... .. ....... ...... ... ......... ......... ...................... .... . 229
symbo l once ....... ..... ...... ........ ....... .. ...... .. .. .. .. ....... ........ .. ....... ..... .. .. .... ...... . 229
2. 12 A specific symbol three times or another specific
symbol at least once ....... ......... ................... ..... ........ ........ .. ............ ....... .... 230
2. 13 A specific symbol three times or any combination ofthat
symbol with another specific symbol ............ ............ .. .. ....... .............. .. .... 231
2.14 A specific symbol twice or another specific symbol once 232
one of three other specific symbols ... .. ... .. ............ .... .... ........................... . 232
2 X 3 and 3 X 3 display ......... .. ............. .... ............... ... ....... ............. .... . 234
5-reel slot machines ...... ............ ... ............... .............. ... ....... .......... ... .... 235
I X 5 display .. ........ .................... .... .. .. .......... ..... .. ......... .... ....... ........ .. .. 236
Probabilities of winning events on the payline ...... ........... ..... ........ . 236
I. Case A - the same number of stops and symbol distribution
on the reels ... ........ ... .................... .... ......... ..... .......... ... ... ....... ..... ...... ......... 236
1.1 Event £ , - A specific symbol five times ...... ... ...... ........ ... . 236
1.2 Event £2 - Any symbol five times (quintet) .... .. ..... ....... ... 239
1.3 Event £3 - A specific symbol exactly four times .... ......... 239
1.4 Event £4 - Any symbol exactly four times (quadruple) .. . 242
1.5 Event £5 - A specific symbol exactly three times ...... ... .. . 242
1.6 Event £6 - Any symbol exactly three times (triple) .. ...... . 245
1.7 Event £7 - Any combination of two specific symbols ... .. 245
1.8 Event £8 - Any combination of at least one of three
specific symbols ............ .. ... .... ....... ........ ....... ..... ... ...... .. .... ..... ... ...... ........ .. 251
1.9 A specific symbol at least four times ........... ....... ..... ......... . 251
1.1 0 A specific symbol at least three times .... ...... .. ..... ...... .. .... . 254
1.11 A specific symbol five times or another specific symbol
four times ... ......... ...... ......... .. ..... ... .. ................... .. .... ....... ........ ....... ... ....... . 256
three times ... ....... ........ ........ ... .... ..... ............ ....... ............... ...... .... ......... .... . 262
1.13 A specific symbol five times or another specific sym bol
at least four times ........................ .............. ......... .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. ....... .......... . 267
5
1.14 A specific symbo l five times or any combination of that
symbol with another specific symbol.... ...... .......... ................ ................... 272
1.15 A specific symbol four times or any combination of at
least one of three other specific symbols ................................................ . 278
on the reels 285
2.1 Event EI - A specific symbol five times ........................... 285
2.2 Event E2 - Any symbol five times (quintet) ..................... 287
2.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly four times ............. 288
2.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly four times (quadruple) ... 290
2.5 Event E5 - A specific symbol exactly three times ............ 291
2.6 Event E6 - Any symbol exactly three times (triple) ......... 293
2.7 Event E7 - Any combination of two specific symbols ..... 294
2.8 Event E8 - Any combination of at least one of three
specific symbols .................... ..... ........................... ...... ............... ........... ... 294
2.9 A specific symbol at least four times ................................. 295
2.10 A specific symbol at least three times .............................. 297
four times ... ............... ......... ......... ............. ............... .. ... .................. .... ... .. . 300
three times ................................................................................................ 300
at least four times ........................................................ ............................. 30 I
2.14 A specific symbol five times or any combination of that
symbol with another specific symbol....................................................... 30 I
least one of three other specific symbols ................................................. 30 I
2 x 5, 3 x 5, 4 x 5, 5 x 5 display........................................................ 302
9-reel slot machines ................ .. ........................................................... 304
Probabilities of winning events on several pay lines ............ .............. 305
I. Case A - the same number of stops and symbol distribution on
the reels... ..... ..... ......... .......... ..... ...... ...................... ....... ........... .. ..... .......... 305
1.1 A winning event on any of the horizontal lines .................... 305
1.2 A winning event on any of the vertical lines ........................ 305
l.3 A winning event on any of the horizontal or vertical lines ... 306
1.4 A winning event on either or both of the diagonal lines ....... 306
1.5 A winning event on any of the horizontal or diagonal lines . 307
1.6 A winning event on any of the vertical or diagonal lines ..... 307
1.7 A winning event on any of the horizontal, vertical, or
diagonal lines .............................................................. ........... .................. 307
on the reel ................................................................................................. 31 I
2.1 A winning event on any of the horizontal lines ...... .............. 312
2.2 A winning event on any of the vertical lines .............. .......... 312
2.3 A winning event on any of the horizontal or vertical lines ... 312
6
2.4 A winning event on either or both of the diagonal lines ...... . 313
2.6 A winning event on any of the vertical or diagonal lines .... . 313
diagonal lines ...... ... .. ............... .................... ............ ..... ... ... .... ..... ............ . 314
16-reel slot machines ....... .. ... .... .. ......................................... ..... .......... . 316
Probabilities of winning events on one payline .... .... ........ .............. .. . 317
1. Case A - the same number of stops and symbol distribution on
the reels ....... ................. ............ ........... .......... ............. ... .... .... ...... ............ . 317
1.1 Event E1 - A specific symbol four times .... .. .... .. ................ . 317
1.2 Event E2 - Any symbol four times (quadruple) .................. . 320
1.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly three times ............ .. 320
1.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly three times (triple) ...... .. .. .. 323
1.5 Event E5 - Any combination of two specific symbols ...... .. 323
specific symbols .......... ....... .. ......... ...... ... ... ..... .... .......... .. .......... .. ...... ...... .. 329
1.7 A specific symbol at least three times .... ...... .... ........ .... ........ . 329
1.8 A specific symbol four times or another specific symbol
three times ....... ....... ............ .... .... ......... .... .. ....... ........ .. ............. ... ............. . 332
1.9 A specific symbol four times or another specific symbol at
least three times .... ... ... ... ... .. ......... .. ........ .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .......... ........... .. ........ .. 337
1.10 A specific symbol four times or any combination of that
symbol with another specific symbol ............ ............ .............. ................ . 342
1.11 A specific symbol three times or any combination of at
least one of three other specific symbols .... .. ........ .. .............. .. ............ .... . 348
on the reel ...................... .. ....................................................................... .. 355
2.1 Event EI - A specific symbol four times ........ .. .... ...... ...... .. . 355
2.2 Event E2 - Any symbol four times (quadruple) ........ .......... . 355
2.3 Event E3 - A specific symbo l exactly three times .. .. ........ .. 355
2.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly three times (triple) .... .... .. .. 355
2.5 Event E5 - Any combination of two specific symbols ...... .. 356
specific symbols ..... .... .... ............. ... ................................ ............ ....... ...... . 356
2.7 A specific symbol at least three times .......... .. ........ ........ .... .. . 356
three times ...... ........ ........... ........ ..... ........... .. ... .................. .......... ...... ....... . 356
least three times ..... .................. .. .. .. ............................................ .... .......... . 357
symbol with another specific symbol .. .................. ...... .......... .. ................ . 357
least one of three other specific symbols .......... ................ .. ........ .. .... .... .. . 357
Probabilities of winning events on several paylines ........ .. ........ ...... .. 358
7
J. Case A - the same number of stops and symbol distribution on
the reels ................................... .... ........................................ ................ ... .. 358
1. 1 A winning event on any of the horizontal lines .......... .......... 358
1.2 A winning event on any of the vertical lines ............. ...... ..... 358
1.3 A winning event on any of the horizontal or vertical lines ... 358
1.4 A winning event on either or both of the diagonals .............. 358
1.6 A winning event on any of the vertical or diagonal lines ..... 359
1.7 A winning event on any of the horizontal , vertical, or
diagonal lines ...... ...... .... ... ... .. ........... ......... ....... ... .. ................... .... ... ... ...... 359
1.8 A winning event on any of the left-right trapezoidal lines .... 359
1.9 A winning event on any of the horizontal or left-right
trapezoidal lines ..... .......... .. ...... ..... ..... ........ ......... .... ...... ..... ...... ......... ..... .. 359
References .... .... .. .. ... ..... ........................................ .............. ................... ... 365
8
Introduction
History and evolution

Prototypes of slot machines had been around since the 1870s, but
Charles August Fey, a Bavarian immigrant in the United States, is
known as the inventor of the first slot machine. In the 1890s, in San
Francisco, he devised a simple automatic mechanism with three
spinning reels holding a total of five symbols. Called the Liberty
Bell, the machine was a huge success and was so popular that it was
copied by many slot machine manufacturers. Thus in 1907,
manufacturer Herbert Mills from Chicago produced a slot machine
called the Operator Bell. By 1908 a great many "bell" machines had
been installed in most cigar stores, saloons, bowling alleys, brothels
and barber shops.
Other early machines, such as the trade stimulator, gave out
winnings in the form of fruit-flavored chewing gums with pictures
of the flavors as symbols on the reels. The popular cherry and melon
symbols derive from this machine. The payment of food prizes was
a commonly used technique to avoid laws against gambling in a
number of states, and for this reason a number of gumball and
other vending machines were regarded with mistrust by the courts.
In 1963, Bally developed the first fully electromechanical slot
machine called Money Honey, although earlier machines such as
the High Hand draw poker machine by Bally had exhibited the
basics of electromechanical construction as early as 1940.
Electromechanical machines dominated the industry through the
middle of the 20th century. The electromechanical approach of the
1960s allowed Money Honey to be the first slot machine with a
bottomless hopper and automatic payout of up to 500 coins without
the help of an attendant. The popularity of this machine led to the
increasing predominance of electronic games, and the side lever
soon became vestigial.
The first true video slot machine was developed in 1976 in an
industrial suite in Kearney Mesa, California, under the direction of
the Las Vegas based Fortune Coin Co. This slot machine used a
modified 19" Sony Trinitron color receiver for the display and logic
boards for all slot machine functions.
9
The first American video slot machine to offer a "second screen"
bonus round was Reel 'Em In developed by WMS Industries Inc. in
1996. In this type of machine, the display changes to provide a
different game in which an additional payout may be won or
accumulated. With this machine, the game of slots entered a new
technological era, based entirely on software programs.
The rise of computer culture led to a revolution in the design of
slots. While the old machines had mechanical reels (as cylinders)
which spun to determine the outcome, the computerized machines
can have any number of symbols on any number of reels; which
symbols are displayed is determined by a random number generator
which is constantly selecting number series that correspond to the
different symbols on the various reels.
Software programs are also responsible for the wide variety of
slot games we see nowadays, which can be played either at a case-
bound machine in a bar or physical casino, or at home, virtually, in
front of a computer.
General description and rules

Although the configurations of the slot machines became more
and more complex and varied, the slot game has a simple general
description and set of rules that apply for any existing slot machine.
A slot machine basically consists of a number of reels that spin
independently, on which several symbols are placed in specific
arrangements and quantities, according to the machine producer's
design. The spinning reels are cylinders holding the symbols printed
on a strip applied on their external surface - for the mechanical or
electromechanical machines - or virtual reels for the electronic
machines or computer slot games. Each reel has a number of
positions at which it can stop - called stops - and each stop has a
symbol of that reel associated. The machine also has a display in
which there are windows showing some of the stops - usually one
window for each reel. The spinning device is constructed in such a
way that the reel will show one symbol through its window when
stopping; however, there are variations in which two, three, or four
symbols are shown through one window.
The visible stops are arranged on the display in certain
configurations, usually as a rectangle/matrix. The display also shows
information about the game rules, including unit credit values and
10
the payout schedule. The display together with all the buttons and
commands of the machine form the interface of the slot
machine/game. The physical slot machines (either electromechanical
or electronic) have an interface and a case hiding the devices, while
the virtuaVcomputer ones show only an interface.
The reels are spun after the player inserts a coin or chip in the
coin slot, or electronic unit credit, and presses the start/play button.
After spinning, the reels produce the outcome of the game, which
consists of all symbols that remained visible through the windows
on the display.
The mechanical free spin ensures the randomness of the outcome,
while for the virtual games a PRNG (pseudorandom number
generator) is used.
An outcome is winning if certain pre-defined combinations of
symbols occur on one or more marked groups of visible stops. These
groups usually have the geometrical configuration of lines joining
neighboring stops, are collinear or broken, of various shapes and
size for any game in part, and are called paylines.
Each winning combination is clearly defined and has a certain
payout, noted in the displayed payout schedule. The paylines are
also marked on the display. Their number varies from one to
hundreds, depending on the number of reels, the display
configuration, and other particularities of the game. Some of them
can be disabled by default and enabled at the player' s discretion for
extra credit inserted. The extra credit by multiplication of the unit
credit also increases the payout of any win, in the same proportion.
If a winning combination occurs on a pay line, the player is paid
the unit credit inserted multiplied by the payout rate of that
combination. If one or more winning combinations occurs on
several paylines, the player is paid cumulatively for each distinct
winning combination occurring on each payline, according to its
payout.
In this standard description, the player plays against the house.
Variations from the above general description or machines with
additional features may allow the play against other players for a
common prize (like at the so-called progressive jackpot machines,
which are linked machines that return a certain share of their
cumulated profit as jackpot).
11
Popularity
For decades, the slots game has remained one of the three most
popular games of chance. The main elements that contribute to its
position are:
a) variety
Players may choose among a wide palette of games with respect
to rules, parameters, design, according to their profile, goals, or even
hobbies.
b) privacy
Slots games - played either in a public place or in front of the
computer - assume a private space in which there is only the player
and the machine, with minimal exposure, unlike a roulette table, for
example, where you place your bets together with other players.
c) attractive design
From the graphics of the symbols to the design ofthe interface
and even case, all is sparkling and brightly colored.
d) brevity
A game time line is short, lasting few seconds from credit
insertion to the stop of the spin, and time saving is always welcome.
e) illusions and sensations
There are design and configuration features that have as effect the
illusion of an imminent win, such as the near missing or the
sensation of a forthcoming winning combination.
Slot machines gained and maintained this popularity despite
some specific elements that could limit their appeal:
f) non-transparency
Players do not know the configurations ofthe machines they play
at, as this information is not exposed. Blackjack players know the
composition of the decks in play, roulette players know the numbers
on the wheel, lottery players know the numbers from which the
winning line is drawn, and so on. Slots remains the only game in
which players are not aware of the essential parameters of the game,
such as number of stops of the reels, number of symbols and their
distribution on the reels.
g) prevention from odds estimation
Of course, the lack of data regarding the configuration of a
machine prevents people from computing the odds of winning and
other mathematical indicators. The so-called PAR sheets, exposing
few of the parameters of the machines and probabilities associated
12
with the winning combinations are kept secret by game producers,
with no reasonable justification in my opinion. I prove this assertion
in the subchapter How to estimate the number ofstops and the
symbol distribution on a reel, where you can see that mathematics
provides us with some statistical methods of retrieving the missing
data or even through physical measurements. Another argument for
the non-justification of the secrecy on PAR sheets is the persistence
of the lottery players themselves: Lottery offers by far the lowest
odds of winning among games of chance. Most players do know
these odds and continue to play-in fact, they have done so for
centuries! Therefore, lottery will never lack for business, and the
slot game producers need not be worried about slots doing
otherwise.
h) low odds of winning
Even in the absence of the data I talked about in points f) and g),
players know from experience and statistical observation that the
slots game offers extremely low odds of winning, at least for the
displayed winning combinations in isolated plays, and we will see
that also in this book. Still behind lottery in overall low odds of
winning, slots game has the advantage that one can enhance the
odds with the long-run play far more quickly than in lottery - one
can spin the reels of a slot machine thousands times in a day, while
in lottery players must wait several days for a new game.
Mathematics and slots

In the last decade, mathematics has been taken more and more
seriously into account in gambling, as being the essence that governs
the games of chance and the only rigorous tool providing
information on optimal play, where possible.
Also in slots, there is mathematics behind the sparkling
machines, whose models and practical applications are presented in
this book. These models belong to mathematical domains such as
Topology, Combinatorics, Probability Theory, and Statistics. I have
tried to focus on the practical applications; however, some
definitions and basic math results could not be avoided, both for
communication reasons and for providing the reader with a clear
understanding of what the practical results we deal with really mean
and how they should be interpreted.
13
I have organized the content such that readers can skip the
theoretical parts and go picking the practical results (numerical or
ready-to-compute formulas) for their desired situation. Also, the
theoretical results are presented as statements, with no proofs or
calculations and algorithms, in their dedicated sections. Basically,
this book is written for the non-math slots player; however, every
non-math reader should be aware that applied mathematics results
can be delivered only in math terms; there is no other way of
communicating them. For all those interested in acquiring basic
knowledge on probability and statistical terms and on application of
probability theory in gambling, I recommend the book
Understanding and Calculating the Odds, with Applications in
Games of Chance and Everyday Life.
As in other games, the question arises as to the utility of such
mathematical results. Given that slots is not a strategic game played
against opponents (as with poker for instance, where the odds are
essential in evaluating the advantage in a given situation), one could
ask why we need "all the math stuff' associated with slots. The
answer is simple: information and strategy. It is a basic principle
that being informed on all parameters of a game one plays is an
advantage, especially when money is involved. It is as if someone
asks you to bet you can jump from a high place and land on your
feet; of course, it is an advantage for you to know in advance the
height from which you will jump or measure it before you bet, as
you might decline the bet or propose another one for a certain
measurement and this means decision.
As concerns the strategy, the only strategy in slots is the strategy
of choosing - choosing one game or another, choosing how many
paylines to enable, choosing the parameters of your time and money
management, and of course, choosing to quit a game for another or
choosing not to play at all. In this respect, slots is similar to lottery.
The criteria that stand at the base of the decisions for such strategy
are mostly subjective; however, there exist mathematical criteria that
are objective, and these are based entirely on probability and
expected value.
The mathematical results presented in this book are focused on
probabilities, as being the most important parameters for the
decisional criteria in slots. In obtaining the probability results
associated with slot machines of any kind, I have followed the
14
principles of generality and simplicity, by establishing the variables
- in minimal number - that can describe any winning event at a
certain category of slot games and allow any probability
computation through a compact algebraic formula. Thus, the results
cover not only the existing slot games, but also possible future slot
games of any design and configuration.
The book has two main parts - one dedicated to theory, which
presents the general formulas necessary for the practical
applications, and the other dedicated to practical results, in which I
particularize the general formulas in order to provide results for the
most common categories of slot games. The practical results are
gathered in the last chapter, titled Practical Applications and
Numerical Results, as both specific formulas, ready for inputting the
parameters of the slot game, and computed numerical results, where
the specific formulas allow the generation of two-dimensional tables
of values.
The structure of the book was created from the categorization of
the slot games, which was a difficult task. Given the wide variety of
the slot machines with regard to parametric design and rules, it was
very hard to break them down by categories and sub-categories and
on the basis of such categorization, to develop both the math work
and the collection of practical results. This variety also limits the last
chapter to three large categories of slot machines (the most
common). Also for space considerations, not all the winning events
of these slot games are covered in the results chapter - some
complex events having associated excessively long overloaded
formulas were not presented; in fact, the book would have several
thousand pages if somehow all the games and events were worked
out down to practical results. However, the full coverage is ensured
by compensation in the theoretical sections of the book, as the
general formulas presented there will allow any computation in a
specific situation not covered in the last chapter.
Overall, the slots player will find in this book the mathematical
facts behind slots and mathematical information on the winning
events of any slot game, as either numerical results or ready-to-
compute formulas. The way a player uses this information is entirely
up to himlher, and is not the concern of mathematics, which has
fulfilled its duty by providing all the data that it can provide and that
cannot be found on the display of the slot machines.
15
16
The Configuration of Slot Machines
The design of slot machines can be of any complexity with

regard to both interface and case - and there are quite a few models
on the market that exhibit this complexity. The design has an
artwork component that makes the machine visually attractive and
informs the players about features and rules, and a technical one,
which complies with the rules of the machine and its mode of
interaction with the player. Of all physical parts, the interface is the
most important with respect to the mathematical modeling, as it
shows the machine in action, its outcomes, the game rules, and how
these rules are applied in actual practice. When we talk about the
configuration of a slot machine, we actually refer only to the
technical component of its design that characterizes its interface, in
its essential elements, and relations between them that are
indispensable to a rigorous mathematical model - that is shape,
topology, arrangement, and cardinality.
The configuration of a slot machine is specified by the
configuration of its display and the configuration of its reels. Each
specific configuration together with a set of rules generates a unique
application to study. The mathematical notions and results in this
chapter are not of major importance for the main goal of this work,
namely the numerical probabilities attached to the gaming events of
a slot machine; they are, rather, indispensable for establishing a
terminology base to use consistently in that part of the book dealing
with the probability models, especially when referring to the events
to be measured, and also in the forthcoming literature of this
specialty. This is why you will see more definitions in this chapter
rather than statements or theorems. The number of possible
configurations for various particular designs can also be of interest
for game creators.
Mathematically inclined people can go deep into the notions
defined, generalize them, and try to prove the stated results as
exercise. Slot players without a basic mathematical background
should only try to retain the terms defined, by the help of the
examples and illustrations.
17
Configuration of the display
The display of a slot machine shows the outcomes of the reels in

groups of spots (spot refers to a unit part of a reel holding one
symbol, visible through its window; a spot on the display
corresponds to a stop of the reel; a window can show one or more
spots) having a certain shape and arrangement. It also points out the
ways (rules) the combinations of outcomes can turn into winning
combinations.
The mathematical object that grounds the configuration of the
display is the Cartesian grid, where the grid' s points stand for the
reel spots. Given the limited applicability of the mathematical
results, I chose this model for the configurations of the display so as
to avoid heavier notions and applications from the graph theory.
Lines in a grid
Definition: A Cartesian grid is the set of points in the plane

having integers as coordinates on both x and y axis.
~
s. 2
.•
x
-2 -1 0 2
-1
-2
·c·D !'
Figure 1. Cartesian grid
18
In Figure 1, the grid points are illustrated by enlarged dots, for
serving further purposes of illustrating and representing the reel
spots along with the connections between them.
Each point A of the grid has the common coordinates x A and Y A
on the axes x and Y respectively and these coordinates are integers.
Definition: For any two points A and B of the grid, we defme the
Ix I
distance between A and B on the x axis as d x (A, B) = A - X B and
similarly the distance between A and B on the y axis as
d/A, B) = IYA- YBI·
Definition: Two points A and B of a grid are said to be

neighboring if the distance between A and B on both axes is 0 or 1.
Example:
In Figure 1, points A and B, then C and D are neighboring, while
C and E are not neighboring, because d x (C, E) = 2 .
Consequence: The set of points that are neighboring with a given

point A is the set of the vertices of the four squares that are adjacent
in A, numbering 8 points.
Definition: Call the set of points that are neighboring with a

given point A set the vicinity of A and denote it by VA'
•••
• A• •
•••
Figure 2. The vicinity of a point
19
Definition: A set L of points in a grid is called line if there exist a
positive integer r ~ 3 and distinct points Ap~,"" Ar such that
L ={AI' ~, ... , Ar} and the points in the pairs
(AI' A2) , (A2' A3 ), ••• , (Ar_I> Ar) are neighboring.
r is called the length of line L and this is denoted as ILl = r .
•
1& •
~ ••
..
•• v
Figure 3. Examples of lines in a grid
•
••
A line in a grid is a finite set of points that can be connected

through a path linking successively neighboring points of that set.
Although the line was defined in a sequential manner, which
involves a direction of walking through its points, we are for our
purposes interested in the line only as a set of points, regardless of
the possible paths through which its points can be linked. In the next
figure, for example, are the 12 paths through which four points of a
line in the form of a square with lengthside 1 can be linked,
according to the definition of a line.
n:Jut:
1,2,3,4 ],4,3,2 2,1,4,3 4,1,2,3
N!1Z~
I, 2, 4, 3 2, I, 3, 4 2, 3, I, 4 I, 4, 2, 3
~AX~
1,3, 2, 4 2,4, ], 3 4,2,1,3 1,3,4,2
Figure 4. The possible paths of linking the points of a unit-square line
20
Given the four points, the 12 paths are generated by the direction
oflinking (for instance, 1-3-2-4 is a direction oflinking the points
starting from point 1 to point 4 and is identical with the direction
4-2-3-1). If we take into account also the sense of linking, not only
the direction, we have 24 paths instead of 12. Regardless of these
paths, which are not relevant for our model, we have only one 4-
point line, as per the stated definition.
Therefore a line has a connectivity property, not in a continuous
sense, but in a discrete one (through the neighboring property).
Although a line can be "walked" in several ways, this has no
geometrical or combinatorial interpretations, but only topological.
Statement: A fmite subset M of a grid is a line if and only if for

any point A of M, (VA(1 M) - {A} -j; ¢ (the vicinity of A intersects
M in points different from A).
Consequence: A finite subset M of a grid is not a line if and only

if there exists a point A of M such that the vicinity of A does not
contain other points of M except A.
Definition: Point A is called an isolated point of M if

(VA(1 M) - {A} -j; ¢ .
In the next figure, the set illustrated through black dots is not a
line, as it contains point A, which is an isolated point of that set.
••
• " @ $
• • * • A
~
• @ •
Figure 5. Isolated point of a set
21
Definition: A line L = { AI' ~, ... , Ar} is said to be horizontal if
Y AI = YA2 = ... = YA, • Call the extension of L (or extended line L,
denoted by L) the set of all points in the grid having this coordinate
on the Y axis.
Definition: A line L = { AI' ~ , ... , Ar} is said to be vertical if

x AI = XA
2
= . .. = XA •
,
Call the extension of L (or extended line L,
denoted by L) the set of all points in the grid having this coordinate
on the x axis.
Definition: A line L ={AI , ~, .. . , Ar } is said to be oblique if
Ix A
)
- XA
} -I
I= IyAJ
- Y A)+ 1 I= 1 for any j from 1 to r - 1 .
If (X2 - XI ) (Y2 - YI) > 0 , call the extension of L (denoted by
L) the set of all points of coordinates (Xl + a , YI + a) , with a
integer. If (X2 - XI ) (Y2 - YI) < 0, call the extension of L (denoted by
L) the set of all points of coordinates (XI + a, Yl - a), with a
integer.
Definition: A line is said to be broken if it is not horizontal,

vertical, or oblique.
In the example from the next figure, line LI is horizontal, line L2

is vertical, line L3 is oblique, and line L4 is broken.
Figure 6. Examples of horizontal, vertical, oblique, and broken lines
22
Defmition: Let Mbe a finite subset of a grid. Point A E M is said
to be marginal point for M if one of the following situations is met:
1) For any BE M, X B $ X A ; the set of points A with this property
is called the right-side margin of M;
2) For any BE M, x B ;::: X A ; the set of points A with this property
is called the left-side margin of M;
3) For any BE M , YB $ YA; the set of points A with this property
is called the upper margin of M;
4) For any BE M , Y B ;::: Y A ; the set of points A with this property
is called the lower margin of M;
A point that is not marginal for M is called interior point for M.
Consequence: The marginal points of a set M lie on the "tightest"

rectangle that bounds M.
Figure 7. Marginal and interior points of a set
In Figure 7, the set M= {A, B, C, D, E, F} has A, B, E, and F as

marginal points and C and D as interior points.
Statement: If a point is marginal for M, then it is marginal for any

subset of M that contains that point.
Statement: If a point is interior for M, then it is interior for any

set that includes M and contains that point.
Definition: A line is called transversal for a finite set M if it is

included in M and contains two points from two opposite margins of
M (like upper and lower, or left and right margins).
23
Example: In Figure 7, lines B-C-D-A, B-C-D-F, and A-D-E are
transversal for the set {A, B, C, D, E, F}.
Definition: Given two points A and B in the Cartesian grid, point

A' is said to be the horizontal symmetric of A with respect to B if
YA' = YA and x A' = 2XB- x A. Denote this by s~ (A) = A'.
Point A" is said to be the vertical symmetric of A with respect to
B if x A" = x A and Y A" = 2YB - YA' Denote this by s~(A) = A".
s~ and s; are two functions (transformations) on the grid (any

point has a horizontal and a vertical symmetric and the symmetric of
a point is unique either horizontally or vertically).
Statement: s; (s~ (A)) = s~ (s;(A)) for any A and B.
Definition: Given two points A and B in the grid, point C of

coordinates (2x B - X A' 2Y B - Y A ) is called the symmetric of A with
respect to B and is denoted by C = sB(A).
Statement: s;~ (s;CA)) = sB(A), that is the symmetric of A with

respect to B is obtained by composing the horizontal and the vertical
symmetry with respect to B.
Figure 8. The symmetric of a point
24
Definition: Given a point A and a horizontal line L in the grid, we
call point A' of coordinates (2YL - YA' x A) the symmetric a/point A
with respect to L (where YL is the coordinate on the Y axis of all
points of L) and denote it by sL(A) = A'.
If line L is vertical, we call point A" of coordinates
(2XL -x A, YA) the symmetric a/point A with respect to L (where XL
is the coordinate on the x axis of all points of L) and denote it by
sL(A) = A".
•
A"
•
Figure 9. The symmetric of a point with respect to
a horizontal and a vertical line
In Figure 9, point A' is the symmetric of A with respect to the

horizontal line LI and A" is the symmetric of A with respect to the
vertical line ~.
Statement: If ~ and L2 are two lines, of which one is horizontal

and the other is vertical, then, for any point A, we have that
SL, (SL) (SL' (SL) (A) ))) = A, for any i, jE {I, 2}.
In other words, if applying (composing) the symmetry

transformation to a point four times successively with respect to a
horizontal line and a vertical line, we reach the same starting point.
25
Definition: Given a point A and two horizontal lines ~ and L2
in the grid, we call point A' of coordinates (x A' Y1"1 + Y1'2 - Y A) the
sy mmetric a/point A with respect to Ll and L2 (where y~ and YI-'2
are the coordinates on the y axis of all points of LI and L2
respectively) and denote it by s~,~ (A) = A'. Iflines LI and ~ are
vertical, we call point A" of coordinates (y A' X L, + X 1-'2 - XA ) the
symmetric a/point A with respect to Ll and L2 (where X L, and x~
are the coordinates on the x axis of all points of LI and ~
respectively) and denote it by SL1,1~2 (A) = A" .
Observe that if A lies on the extension of ~ or L 2 , then its

symmetric with respect to the two lines is a point on the other
extended line. If A lies "between" the two lines, its symmetric with
respect to them is also "between" the two lines.
•
An
Figure 10. The symmetric of a point with respect to two vertical lines
Definition: A subset M of the grid is said to be horizontally

symmetric ifthere exist a vertical line L or two vertical lines ~ and
L2 and two subsets of M of the same cardinality, {A' }iEI and {BJ iEJ ,
not necessarily exclusive, such that:
a) M={AitEI U{BitE/;
b) sL(Ai)=Bi or s/~, ,1'2 (Ai )=Bi ,forany iEJ.
26
If there exist a horizontal line or two horizontal lines and two
subsets of M with the same properties a) and b), then set M is said to
be vertically symmetric.
A3 = B3
Horizontally symmetric set Vertically symmetric set
Figure 11. Symmetric sets
If extending the grid to the continuous Euclidian plane, we can

observe that the symmetries of a point we defined are the same with
the classical symmetries and preserve all their geometrical
properties. However, defining them in the discrete grid can be done
only through means specific to the discrete space within which we
work.
Particular lines in a rectangular grid
Definition: A finite subset R of the Cartesian grid is called

rectangular grid if there exist the horizontal lines L1, L2 , ••• , Lm of
m
the same length n, with m, n > 1, such that R = UL; (R is the union
;=1
of the m lines) and:

a) if YI' Y2' .. . , YIIl are the coordinates on the Y axis of lines
LI , L2 , .. . , Lm respectively, then Iy1 - Y1+11 = 1 for any j from 1 to
m - 1 (the m lines are distanced at 1 from each other);
b) if XI' X 2 ' •.. , Xm are the minimal coordinates on the X axis of
lines L I , L2 , ••• , Lm respectively, then XI = x2 = ... = xm (the m lines
are leftlright aligned) .
27
m x n is called the size of the rectangular grid R (which is also
called an m x n-size rectangle or a rectangle of m rows and n
columns).
Y,
x
x,
• •
Figure 12. Rectangular grid
In Figure 12, we have a 3 x 5-size rectangular grid.

Here are a few observations following immediately from the
previous definition.
Observations:
Ifwe change condition b) by taking the maximal values of the
coordinates on the x axis instead ofthe minimal (call it condition b'),
we would obtain an equivalent definition as b implies b' and
conversely.
If we define the rectangular grid by taking vertical lines instead
of horizontal, we would also obtain an equivalent definition.
A rectangular grid is itself a line, of length mn.
The several properties of a rectangular grid that may be deduced

from the definition and previous results are of no interest for our
purpose of modeling the configurations of the display, except for
some particular types of lines such a set contains and especially the
number of those lines.
The number of points of an m x n-size rectangular grid is mn, of
which 2m + 2n - 4 are marginal points and mn - 2m - 2n + 4 are
interior points.
28
As for the total number of lines a rectangular grid contains, there
is no compact algebraic formula for it, but an algorithm of counting
them as in a graph, which is too heavy to be presented here and of
no practical utility. Let us just say that we have lines oflength from
3 to mn. What we shall count next is the number of lines of
particular types.
Horizontal lines, vertical lines, and oblique lines
The number of horizontal lines included in an m x n-size

rectangular grid is men - 2)(n - 1)12. 0 course, we have horizontal
lines of any length included, from 3 to n. Ofthese, m lines are
transversal (these are the horizontal lines of maximal length n), 2m
lines are of length n - 1, 3m lines are of length n - 2, and so on,
men - 2) lines are oflength 3.
Table of values for the number of horizontal lines in a rectangular grid
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 2 6 12 20 30 42 56
3 0 3 9 18 30 45 63 84
4 0 4 12 24 40 60 84 112
5 0 5 15 30 50 75 105 140
6 0 6 18 36 60 90 126 168
7 0 7 21 42 70 105 147 196
8 0 8 24 48 80 120 168 224
9 0 9 27 54 90 135 189 252
Example:
The total number of horizontal lines in a 5 x 7-size rectangular
grid is 75, of which 5 lines are transversal.
The number of vertical lines included in an m x n-size rectangular

grid is n(m - 2)(m - 1)/2. Of these, n lines are transversal (these are
the vertical lines of maximal length m), 2n lines are of length m - 1,
3n lines are of length m - 2, and so on, n(m - 2) lines are of length 3.
We can use the same previous table of values for the total number
of vertical lines, by switching between rows and columns (between
m and n) .
29
The number of oblique lines included in an m x n-size rectangular
grid is (m - 2)(m - l)[n - m + (2m - 3)/3], if m ~ n.
For the number of oblique lines in case m > n , we have to switch
between m and n in the previous formula, since the number of
oblique lines is the same in an m x n- as in an n x m-size rectangular
grid. The previous formula generates the following table of values.
Table of values for the number of oblique lines in a rectangular grid
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
4 0 4 10 16 22 28 34 40
5 0 6 16 28 40 52 64 76
6 0 8 22 40 60 80 100 120
7 0 10 28 52 80 110 140 170
8 0 12 34 64 100 140 182 224
9 0 14 40 76 120 170 224 280
Example:
For a 4 x 8-size rectangular grid, we search the table at the
intersection of row m = 4 with column n = 7 and find 34 oblique
lines. This is also the number of oblique lines of an 8 x 4-size
rectangular grid.
Of all oblique lines of a m x n -size rectangular grid, 2(in - mi + 1)

are transversal (of maximal length m or n).
Table of values for the number of transversal oblique lines in a

rectangular grid
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
4 0 4 2 4 6 8 10 12
5 0 6 4 2 4 6 8 10
6 0 8 6 4 2 4 6 8
7 0 10 8 6 4 2 4 6
8 0 12 10 8 6 4 2 4
9 0 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
30
If m ~ n , among all oblique lines we have:
2 x (n - m + 2) x 2 lines oflength m - 1,
2 x (n - m + 3) x 3 lines oflength m - 2,
and so on,
2 x (n - 3)(m - 3) lines oflength 4,
2 x (n - 2)(m - 2) lines of length 3.
If m > n , the number of lines of a specific length is given by the
same above formulas, in which we have to switch between variables
m and n.
Example:
In a 5 x 7-size rectangular grid, we have 2 x (7 - 4)(5 - 4) = 6
oblique lines of length 5 and also 6 such lines for a 7 x 5-size
rectangular grid.
Definition: In an n x n-size rectangular grid (a square grid), an

oblique line of length n is called a diagonal.
Consequence: If m ;f. n, there are no diagonals in an m x n -size

rectangular grid. If m = n, there are exactly 2 diagonals.
The diagonals in a square grid correspond to the common

geometric diagonals of a square, passing through two opposite
vertices. In the Euclidian plane, any rectangle has diagonals, but in a
Cartesian grid, only a square grid has diagonals (in the sense of the
above definition).
Statement: If n is odd, the two diagonals of an n x n rectangular

grid intersect each other in one point. If n is even, they do not
intersect each other.
• • • • •
•
•
•
••••
••• •
••••
Horizontal lines
!!!!!
Vertical lines Oblique lines
Figure 13. Horizontal, vertical, and oblique lines in a rectangular grid
31
Triangular lines
Definition: A triangular line is a broken line L such that

L = L, U L2 , where ~ and L2 are subsets of two oblique lines and
L, intersects L2 •
In other words, a line is triangular if it consists of two oblique

sides of any length, which intersect each other and are not collinear.
It forms a triangle in the Euclidian plane.
~ G ~ ••
v . L,
•
L,
• •
• 2 3
•
Figure 14. Triangular lines
In Figure 14, examples 2 and 3 show transversal triangular lines

for the rectangular grid shown there.
The total number of left-right transversal triangular lines in an

m x n-size rectangular grid is given by the following formulas:
If m 2: n :
2 ( m - n + 1) ( n - 2) + (n - 1) 2 / 2 , if n is odd;
2 ( m - n + 1) ( n - 2) + n ( n - 2) / 2 , if n is even.
Ifm < n:
If 2m < n, then the number is O.
If 2m 2: n , then the number is:
T' if n is odd;
2 [ m - ( n + 1) / 2 + 1
2 [ m - ( n + 2) / 2 + 1] [ m - ( n + 2) / 2 + 2] ' if n is even.
32
Table of values for the number of left-right transversal triangular lines in
a rectangular grid
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 4 4 2 0 0 0 0
4 0 6 8 8 4 2 0 0
5 0 8 12 14 12 8 4 2
6 0 10 16 20 20 18 12 8
7 0 12 20 26 28 28 24 18
8 0 14 24 32 36 38 36 32
9 0 16 28 38 44 48 48 46
Among these left-right transversal triangular lines, some of them

may be symmetric (corresponding to isosceles triangles).
A symmetric transversal line in a rectangular grid is a line that
links two opposite margins of the rectangle and is a symmetric set,
in the sense of the definitions from this chapter.
Between the two types of transversal lines (which link the left-
right margins or the upper-lower margins), we are primarily
interested in the left-right ones, so in the next sections I shall refer
only to this type.
Statement: In an m x n-size rectangular grid, there exist

symmetric left-right transversal triangular lines if and only if n is
odd and their number is 2m - n + 1 if 2m ~ nand 0 if 2m < n.
Table of values for the number of symmetric left-right transversal

triangular lines in a rectangular grid
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0
4 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0
5 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2
6 0 10 0 8 0 6 0 4
7 0 12 0 10 0 8 0 6
8 0 14 0 12 0 10 0 8
9 0 16 0 14 0 12 0 10
33
Trapezoidal lines
Definition: A trapezoidal line is a line L such that:

a) L = L1 U L2 U L3 , where L1 and L2 are subsets of two oblique
lines, L3 is a subset of a horizontal or a vertical line, LI intersects
L3 , L2 intersects L3 , I~ 1=IL21and:
If L3 is subset of a horizontal line, then min (y A) = min (y A)
AEL, AE0.
If ~ is subset of a vertical line, then min ( x A) = min ( x A)

AEL, £0.
Statement: A trapezoidal line is symmetric.
• ••••• •••
L,
. •
~
L ..
L,
L,
•••
••
., • •
•.. e •
L,
2
• •
•
•••
Figure 15. Trapezoidal lines
In Figure 15, example 2 shows a transversal trapezoidal line for

the caught rectangular grid.
The total number of left-right transversal trapezoidal lines in an
m x n-size rectangular grid is given by the following formulas:
If n is odd:
If m ~ (n + 1) / 2 , then the number is (n - 3)(4m - n + 1)/4.
If m < (n + 1)/2, then the number is m(m - 1).
If n is even:
If m ~ (n - 2) / 2 , then the number is (n - 2)(4m - n)/4.
If m < (n - 2)/2, then the number is m(m - 1).
34
Table of values for the total number of left-right transversal trapezoidal
lines in a rectangular grid
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 0 0 4 4 6 6 6 6
4 0 0 6 6 10 10 12 12
5 0 0 8 8 14 14 18 18
6 0 0 10 10 18 18 24 24
7 0 0 12 12 22 22 30 30
8 0 0 14 14 26 26 36 36
9 0 0 16 16 30 30 42 42
Zigzag lines
Definition: Line L is said to be a zigzag line if L = {AI' ... , 4 }

and {A" Ai+ l } are subsets of oblique lines for any i from 1 to n - 1,
such that L does not include any oblique line.
••
•
••
•
Figure 16. Zigzag lines
In other words, a line is a zigzag line if we can link its

consecutive points through the diagonals of the unit squares of the
grid, changing the direction with each next point.
Consequence: A zigzag line is broken and does not contain

horizontal, vertical, or oblique lines (as they have the minimal
length 3).
35
Statement: A left-right transversal zigzag line in an m x n-size
rectangular grid is symmetric if n is odd. An upper-lower transversal
zigzag line in an m x n-size rectangular grid is symmetric if m is
odd.
The total number of the left-right transversal zigzag lines in an m

x n-size rectangular grid is 2m - 2.
The total number of the upper-lower transversal zigzag lines in an
m X n -size rectangular grid is 2n - 2.
Double-stair lines
Definition: Line L is said to be alternating if L ={AI ' . .. , ~} and

{Ai' Ai+, } are subsets of horizontal or vertical lines alternatively for
any i from 1 to n - 1 (that is, if {AI' Ai+, } is part of a horizontal line,
then {Ai + " Ai+ 2 } is part of a vertical line and so on).
•• •
Figure 17. Alternating line
In other words, a line is alternating if we can link its points

through the sides of the unit squares of the grid and not through their
diagonals.
Definition: Line L of length n is said to be a stair line if L is

alternating and both sequences x A1 , X A2 , • •. , X An and
Y A ' Y A , . .. , YA
1 2 n
are monotonic.
36
Figure 18. Stair line
Consequence: An alternating line is broken and does not contain

horizontal, vertical, or oblique lines (as they have the minimal
length 3).
Definition: An alternating line L is said to be double-stair line if

L is not a stair line and there exist two stair lines
LI = { AI ' A2, ... , An} and L2 = { An' 4,+1' ... , 4,+III-I} such that
L = ~ uL2 and ~ n L2 ={4, }.
••
•
Figure 19. Double-stair line
The total number of left-right transversal symmetric double-stair

lines in an m x n-size rectangular grid is 4m - 2n + 2 if n is even and
m ~ n 12 , and 0 if n is odd or m < n12.
37
Table of values for the number of left-right transversal symmetric
double-stair lines in a rectangular grid
n 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
m
2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 6 0 2 0 0 0
4 0 IO 0 6 0 2 0
5 0 14 0 10 0 6 0
6 0 18 0 14 0 10 0
7 0 22 0 18 0 14 0
8 0 26 0 22 0 18 0
9 0 30 0 26 0 22 0
The mathematical model representing the configuration of the

display of a slot machine is not unique (graph theory was a second
choice), but the one I chose has a good balance between simplicity,
ease of calculations, and usefulness for our main purpose of
establishing a proper probability model in which to estimate the
probabilities of the slots gaming events.
Even though I presented only those parts of the theory serving
our further purposes, some of them still remain useless with respect
to practical aspects; however, they are necessary for establishing a
rigorous terminology and a base for further definitions of the
gaming events.
Even within this chapter, some statements showing properties of
the defined objects - apparently useless - are indispensable with
regard to the consistency of the definitions following them.
I tried even on this model to make the presentation as simple as
possible by avoiding generalizations. For instance, even from the
start, I took the grid as consisting of points equally distanced at 1 on
both axes, even though a more general grid exists. The mathematical
reason for this particular choice is the fact that we are interested only
in the topological and cardinality properties of the defined objects,
which can be preserved through isomorphisms with more general
grids.
Now let us see exactly how our model represents the display of
the slot machines.
The slot machine displays on its interface the outcomes of the
spinning reels as spots (through the windows) in which we can see
38
the symbols placed on the reels. These spots correspond to the stops
ofthe reels (one spot comes from one stop). Of course, the spots do
not show all the stops of a reel, but a part of them (usually one to
five). A display spot usually has the form of a small square or
rectangle and the spots of the same reel are adjacent in a column on
the display.
Then, all the spots corning from all reels are arranged in rows and
columns, forming a filled rectangle, for most slot machines. This
arrangement is due to aesthetic reasons and proper visualizing of
the configurations of winning outcomes.
The winning outcomes are defined through winning
combinations of symbols that appear on some particular
configurations of spots, namely the paylines .
Now the correspondence between the physical configuration of a
slot machine and our mathematical model is clearly visible:
- Each spot is identified with a point (dot) in the Cartesian grid.
- A group of adjacent spots is identified with a line of the grid.
- The group of all display spots is identified with a rectangular
grid, in which each vertical line corresponds either to a reel (if
several stops of that reel are shown) or several reels (if only one stop
of each reel is shown).
- A payline is identified with a line in the rectangular grid (this is
why I chose the same word line in the mathematical model). The
paylines can be of any complexity for each machine in part, but
usually they have particular shapes, following properties such as
non-self crossing, colinearity, symmetry, up-down or left-right
direction, and/or crossing over the reels. All these properties of the
paylines can be identified with the mathematical properties of the
particular lines in a rectangular grid: horizontal, vertical, and oblique
lines, triangular lines, trapezoidal lines, stair lines, double-stair lines,
symmetric lines, and transversal lines.
This correspondence holds for a slot machine with either physical
or virtual reels.
39
Examples
Example 1
Display of a 9-reel slot machine with 8 pay lines marked with

arrows. Its configuration corresponds to a 3 x 3-size rectangular grid
and the paylines are all of the horizontal, vertical, and oblique lines
of the grid (all are transversal).
Example 2
Display of a 5-reel slot machine with 15 pay lines illustrated

separately on the display. Its configuration corresponds to a
3 x 5-size rectangular grid. Paylines 1, 2, and 3 are horizontal and
transversal; lines 4 and 5 are triangular, symmetrical, and
transversal; lines 6, 7, 12, and 13 are trapezoidal and transversal ;
lines 10, 11 , 14 and 15 are zigzag transversal lines; and lines 8 and 9
are particular transversal lines of a type not defined in this chapter.
e· . . .
~
40
Example 3
Display of a 5-reel slot machine with 9 paylines marked with

paths on the display. Its configuration corresponds to a
3 x 5-size rectangular grid. Paylines 1,2, and 3 are horizontal and
transversal; lines 4 and 5 are triangular, symmetrical, and
transversal ; lines 6 and 7 are trapezoidal and transversal; and lines 8
and 9 are particular transversal lines of a type not defined in this
chapter.
The shape of the paylines varies from machine to machine. Even

though there are some standard types that are met frequently
(horizontal, oblique, transversal, symmetric), they can be of any
particularity and complexity, having shapes that were not defined in
this chapter (you already saw some of these in the previous
examples). Some of them can also be groups of spots not having the
connectivity property that stands at the base of the notion of a line in
a grid.
The display can also be of any form, from the most frequent
rectangle to multiple rectangles or other shapes.
As slot game development is unrestricted in any way, we might
encounter various designs and configurations, some of them non-
standard. Of course, presenting those notions and results of the
mathematical model so as to cover all possible configurations of the
display and paylines would fill too many pages and would be a
waste with respect to the main goal of establishing a proper
probability model in which to estimate the probabilities of the slots
gaming events, because probabilities are based only on a small part
of the features of the model of configurations.
41
Configuration of the reel
A physical reel of a slot machine is a spinning cylinder holding

on its external surface the symbols (icons) that the machine uses as
outcomes. The symbols stay on places of equal size called the stops
of the reel. The stops are placed one next to another circularly,
covering the entire circumference of the reel. A stop indicates a
position of the reel after it spins and stops. Each reel has a certain
number of stops, a certain number of distinct symbols, and each
symbol appears a certain number of times on the reel, according to
producer' s design. The symbols are placed on the stops in a certain
arrangement, also according to the design of the producer.
After spinning and stopping, the reel shows its outcome as spots
of the display, through the windows. One display spot can show
only one stop of the reel, but several consecutive stops of the same
reel can be shown on the display.
A virtual reel is an electronic device visually reproducing
a physical reel (this reproduction refers to shape, motion, stops, and
symbols; regarding shape, some devices display a flat reel and
others a three-dimensional image of the reel). The number of stops,
symbols, and their arrangement on a virtual reel are embedded in the
software of that machine.
Distribution of the symbols
Each symbol appears a number oftimes on the reel. Together,

they fill all stops of the reel - that is, the number of stops is the sum
of the numbers of instances each distinct symbol appears on the reel
(if the reel has blanks, this statement also holds, as we can consider
the blank as a new symbol). Here are some common symbols
showing on the reels of the classical slot machines:
42
Denote by t the number of stops and by p the number of distinct
symbols SI ' S2' ... , Sp on the reel. Denote by c1 the number of
symbols SI , by c2 the number of symbols S2' and so on, by Cp the
p
number of symbols Sp. Obviously, Ic;= t and p::; t.
;=1
Definition: Call the vector (c l, c2 ' ••• , cp) the distribution of the
symbols SI' S2' .. ., Sp on the reel.
The distribution of the symbols tells us how many of each

symbol is on the reel.
Given the number of the stops t, the question arises how many
possible distributions of symbols on a t-stops reel do exist, for all
possible values of p. The answer is 21- 1 , which is the number of
compositions of t (a composition of an integer n is a way of writing
n as the sum of a sequence of strictly positive integers; two
sequences that differ from each other only in the order of their terms
stand for different compositions of their sum).
Given the number of the stops t and the number of distinct
symbols p, the question arises as to how many possible distributions
of the p symbols on a t-stops reel do exist. The answer is C/~~I ,
which is the number of compositions of t in p parts. This is the
number of combinations of t - 1 elements taken each p - 1. The
explicit formula of this number is ( (I)-i)! ) (where n! is the

p-1!t-p!
product of the first n strictly positive integers).
Example:
On a 40-stops reel, there are 2 39 = 549,755,813 ,888 possible
distributions of symbols, among which C~~ = 68,923,264,410
possible distributions of p = 20 symbols.
If c1 = c2 =... = cp , we say that the symbols are equally

distributed on the stops of the reel. On old classical slot machines,
the symbols are equally distributed one per stop (p = t).
43
Arrangement of the symbols
Given the number of stops t, the number of distinct symbols p ,

and a distribution (cJ , c 2 ' ••• , C p) of the symbols, there are several
ways of arranging those symbols on the stops.
Definition: Let (c J, c2 ' ••• , Cp) be a distribution of the p symbols

on the t stops of a reel. Call arrangement of the symbols on the reel
any function a from the set of stops to the set of different symbols,
I{ }I
such that x la( x) = S; = c[ for any i from 1 to p (that is, the
number of stops having assigned symbol S[ by function a is c; ).
Observe that if the symbols are equally distributed one per stop
(p = t), function a is a permutation.
Statement: The number of possible arrangements of the symbols

t!
on a reel in a given distribution is - - - - -
c J !c2 ! ... c p !
If the symbols are equally distributed (c of each), the above

formula becomes t! 1(c!t . If additionally c = 1, it becomes tl,
which is the number of permutations of a set with t elements.
The arrangement of symbols on the reel does not count toward
probability estimations, except for events related to paylines that
contain stops of the same reel or complex events related to such
non-independent paylines (we shall talk about them in the chapter
dedicated to probability), but only the distribution of the symbols on
the reels. In other words, for estimating odds, usually we do not
need to know how the symbols are arranged on the reel, but how
many instances of each symbol we have on the reel and their total
number (the number of stops).
On some machines, the arrangement of the symbols on the reels
follows a certain uniformity, that is, the symbols are arranged so as
to have minimal sequences of adjacent identical symbols. There
exist algorithms of placing a given distribution of symbols
uniformly on the reel, with various grades of uniformity. On other
44
machines, W1iformity is not applied, and we may see on the same
reel several adjacent identical symbols. Of course, the uniformity is
the choice of the game developers and has reasons like aesthetics
and randomness sensations, but also the limitation of the
simultaneous similar winning combinations on several non-
independent lines.
The number of possible distributions of the symbols and the
number of possible arrangements of the symbols might be of interest
for slots game developers when designing new games. For the slots
players, parameters t, p and (c" c2 ' ••• , c p) are of the greatest
interest, as they are indispensable for estimating the odds of winning
events.
How to estimate the number of stops and the symbol

distribution on a reel
While the configuration of the display is visible for the player in

all its parameters (number of spots, rows, columns, paylines of each
type), the configuration of the reel is not. A player just standing in
front of the machine does not know how many stops and symbols
nor how the symbols are distributed on a reel. All he/she can see are
small parts of the reel visible through the windows. The missing
information can be acquired from other sources, and the game
producer is by far the best prepared to provide it.
However, the secrecy of the slot companies regarding these
parameters is renowned and thereby makes the slot games the most
unfair of all games of chances with respect to this lack of
information that prevents players from estimating their winning
odds. As all roulette numbers are visible, all blackjack cards are
known, all bingo or lottery numbers are known, why do we not
know also the number of stops and the symbol distribution on the
reels of a slot machine? In this section, I shall present two methods
for estimating these configuration parameters for a given machine,
one based on statistical observations and the other on physical
measurements. Both methods provide us with approximations only
of these parameters, not exact results.
45
Method 1 - Statistical observation
This method is based on the well-known result from probability

theory called the Law of Large Numbers, which states that in a
sequence of independent experiments performed under identical
conditions, the sequence of the relative frequencies of the
occurrence of an event is convergent toward the probability ofthat
event.
Applied to slots, that principle says that if N is the number of
spins of a reel with t stops where we observe as an outcome a
specific symbol S that is placed on c stops and n is the number of
occurrences of S after the N spins, then the sequence (n 1N) N is
convergent toward the probability of occurrence of S, namely
peS) = cit, writing (n 1N )N N~~ ) C / t.
The ratio n I N is the relative frequency of occurrence of S.
It follows that for large values of N, the relative frequency of
occurrence of S approximates the probability of S occurring. The
higher N, the more accurate this approximation.
The Law of Large Numbers states a limit property of the
probability, but no one can tell how large N should be for obtaining
a good approximation of the probability, nor what the error range of
this approximation is for a given N. All we know for sure is that as
we approach infinity, the relative frequency is approximately equal
to the probability.
For instance, if we roll a die watching the occurrence of number
1, at infinity (theoretically) we get that the relative frequency of
occurrence of number 1 is 1/6, the same with its probability.
However, if we roll the die 12 times, even though we expect number
1 to occur about 2 times, it is physically possible for number 1 to
occur 5 times or even 12 times.
Coming to large numbers of experiments, experience proved the
Law of Large Numbers with respect to approximations and more
than that: the relative frequencies become stabilized around the
probability. That is, if we were to roll the die 5,000 times or more,
we would see the relative frequency of number 1 staying close to 1/6
and not junlPing once to, say, 1/5 or 1/7, after those 5,000 rolls. The
same happens with the reel spins and any other probability
experiment performed under the conditions of the Law of Large
46
Numbers. There is something causing the relative frequencies to
stabilize and this behavior goes beyond mathematics, being a matter
of philosophy of probability.
For more about the interpretations of probability and the Law of
Large Numbers, I recommend the book Understanding and
Calculating the Odds [2006].
Coming back to slots, we have to use statistical observation to
estimate the number of stops of a reel and the symbol distribution on
the reel, based upon the previous theoretical results. Such
approximation is possible for each parameter in part; still let us
observe that for our further purpose of estimating the probabilities of
the slots events (presented in the next chapter), we do not need to
know both the number of stops and the distribution of symbols, but
the ratios c; / t , which are the basic probabilities of occurrence of
each symbol. What we need before these ratios is the number p of
(distinct) symbols.
The method of estimating the reel parameters through statistical
observation is based on recording the number of occurrences of each
symbol in a large enough number of spins of a reel.
If N is this large number of spins, p is the recorded number of
symbols in the N spins, and (nl' n2, ... , np) are the recorded
numbers of occurrence of the symbols SI' S2' ... , Sp respectively,
then, according to the theory, we should have the approximations:
n. c
_ , :::: peS;) = -1... for every i from 1 to p
N t
Recording the occurrences of the p symbols must be done on the

same reel, and, of course, on the same display spot. Blanks should
be considered as symbols and recorded.
Example:
We recorded the occurrences of the symbols on a reel in
N = 1,000 spins, got p = 12 symbols and noted down the following
frequencies of them:
47
for SI ' n l = 76 occurrences for S7' n7 = 93 occurrences
for S 2' n 2 = 80 occurrences for S8' n8 = 105 occurrences
for S3' n3 = 71 occurrences for S9' n9 = 75 occurrences
for S 4 ' n4 = 74 occurrences for SI O' n lo = 108 occurrences
for S5' n5 = 72 occurrences for SII ' nil = 101 occurrences
for S6' n6 = 73 occurrences for SI 2, nl 2 =72 occurrences
Then, the relative frequencies nj / N are the ratios
7611000 = 0.076, 8011000 = 0.080, 7111000 = 0.071 ,
7411000 = 0.074, 7211000 = 0.072 , 7311000 = 0.073 ,
9311 000 = 0.093 , 10511 000 = 0.105, 7511 000 = 0.075,
10811000 = 0.108 , 10111000 = 0.101 , 7211000 = 0.072, which
approximate the ratios (probabilities) c j / t , respectively for i from 1
to 12.
As we mentioned, the number of spins N must be large enough

for obtaining good approximations of the ratios c j / t , and this is the
main issue of this method. As theory does not provide us with tools
for choosing N for a given error range, all we have is the principle
"the larger N, the better."
As for a minimal N, although not proved, but confirmed by
practice, choosing N lower than lOt leads to irrelevant results. To
illustrate, if we roll a die say 9 times watching for the frequency of a
certain number and that number does not occur even though 9 > 6,
this would lead to a recorded relative frequency of zero. Of course,
for applying this minimum, we should know the number of stops t of
that reel or at least have an interval for it.
Another recommendation from practice refers to the recorded
(distinct) symbols. First, it is very important to catch all symbols in
the sample group of the N spins. While the ratios ci / t can be
approximated with lower or higher errors, the number of symbols p
must be very accurate, as it defines the symbol distribution on the
reel and is crucial in the probability estimations.
Just as we do not know the exact number of stops on a reel, we
also do not know how many distinct symbols it holds. However,
48
through statistical observation, number p is more visible than t.
Moreover, p might give some clue about how large t may be.
After a certain number of spins, all symbols will appear in our
record at least once. First, the most frequent will appear, then the
least frequent. We have to decide at what point we have a sufficient
number of spins to catch all of the symbols and thus to establish p .
On most machines, the regular symbols (graphical symbols) are
repeated between 1 and 5 times on the reel and the blank symbols
(white symbols with no graphics, which we consider as symbols in
our model) occupy about half of the stops. Of course, this is not a
general rule.
Let N ' be a first number of recorded spins, such that the
occurrences of symbols got somehow stabilized after the N ' spins
(no new symbols for the last, say, 100 spins). Assuming a rate of
regular symbol multiplication between 1 and 5, we continue the
spins until 5N'. If no new symbol occurred in the last 4N ' spins, we
can establish the recorded number of (distinct) symbols in the
watched spins as p (the number of distinct regular symbols plus I as
the blank symbol, which surely occurred among the first ones). If
after the last 4N' spins a new symbol occurred, we shall rerun the
algorithm for updating p , waiting first for a new period of
stabilization.
Having established nwnber p , we could make a raw estimation of
a maximal value of t, just for acquiring some information on how
large N should be for obtaining good approximations on the ratios
cj / t . This estimation is made under the previous assumption about
the symbol multiplication rates. Staying with the maximum of 5
repetitions for the regular symbols and half of the stops for the
blanks, we could write:
5p , + t max :::: {max' where p r is the recorded number of regular
2
(distinct) symbols (Of course, p = p , + I.)
It follows that t max :::: 10Pr' so we should record at least lOOp,
spms.
49
Example:
After N' == 300 spins of a reel, we recorded blanks and p, = 19
regular symbols, with no new symbol occurring for the last 100
spins. We continue to watch the reel for another 4N' == 1,200 spins
and got no new symbol. We take p == 20 and expect a maximal t of
19 x 10 = 190 stops. This estimation recommends an extension of
the number of spins N over 1,900, after which we can approximate
the ratios Cj / t .
As one can easily notice, the method of approximation based on

statistical observation is subject to errors coming from idealizations
and various assumptions, and the error ranges are not even
quantifiable. A more accurate approximation of the ratios cj / t
might be obtained if we could find a more accurate estimation of t.
This better estimation is still possible through statistical observation,
using an algorithm which can refine the raw estimations obtained
through the previously described method. Such an algorithm is
described in the next section.
Denominator-match method
There is slight correlation between the recorded values

n l , n 2 , ••• , n p for various large numbers of spins N. Based upon this
correlation, we can refine the estimation of the ratios c j / t obtained
through the previous method and also find estimations for
(c p c2 , ••• ,cp ) andt.
The current method (called the denominator-match method) is
based on the numerical analysis of the fractions nj / N and on an
algorithm that extracts a sequence of fractions equal to nj / N
respectively, which have denominators as close to each other as
possible. This method provides us with the most probable number of
stops t and associated symbol distribution (c 1, c2 ' ••• , C p ) , in a
certain probability field (the error range of this approximation is
quantifiable in terms of probability).
50
I shall not insist on the theoretical side of this method, which
requires advanced statistics knowledge, but present its general
algorithm of application and a detailed example.
Assume we established the number of symbols p after N spins

and the recorded occurrences of the p symbols are n l , n2 , ••• , n p •
Step 1: We write each fraction nj / N as a sequence of equal
fractions, having numerators from 1 to ni -1 (this can be done by
forcing first a simplifying of the initial fraction with ni and so
getting the numerator 1, then amplifying the new fraction
successively with 2,3, up to n i -1):
nj 1 2 nj - 1 c. 1
= d i = 7 = ... = ~ ' lor 1 lrom
C •
N to p
J 2 n,-J
Numbers d ; = N / ni' d~ = 2N / ni , ... , d~;_ 1 = (ni -1) N / ni

generally are not integers.
In this step, we obtained p sequences of equal fractions, of
different lengths (n J -1, n 2 - 1, ... , n p - 1).
Step 2: From the p sequences obtained in step 1, we choose the
sequence of minimal length (could be more than one, in which case
we choose any of those):
Denoting by nmin that number nj for which ni - 1 is minimal
over i (obviously, nmin = minn
1= I ,p
i ), we consider the following fraction
and the fractions that equal it:

n min =_1___ 2__ _ nmin -1
N
Step 3: We extract nmin - 1 sequences of p fractions across the
sequences obtained at step 1, corresponding to each denominator
d~nin (k from 1 to nmin -1), as follows: one fraction from each
sequence of equal fractions, namely the one having its denominator
the nearest to d,;n .
51
For each d~nin , from the sequence of equal fractions
corresponding to nj / N (from step 1), we choose that fraction ;~k

C,k
for which Id' - dk C,k

min I= min...ld
j= l,ni-1
j
}
- dk min I, for every i from 1 to p.
The nmin -1 extracted sequences of fractions will be:
Each fraction from these sequences represents an approximation

of the ratio Cj / t and its numerator and denominator are
approximations of C and t respectively. With the next step, we shall
j
decide which of the approximations AI' ~, ... , Annun. _ I is the best.

If at this step we could not find a satisfactory sequence (with
denominators close to each other), it is a sign that N was not large
enough and an increase of the number of recorded spins is needed.
Step 4: We choose the best sequence Ak by applying
successively the following criteria:
C 1: The maximum of the modules of the differences between the
sequence's denominators is minimal:
We choose that k that attends the minimum
.
_mIn
k- l , nmin - l
(m~x Id ' d I)
I,)- i ,p
Cik - Clk
j
•
C2: The share of the same denominator within the sequence is

maximal. We choose that sequence holding the highest number of
instances of the same denominator.
C3: The repeating denominator with the largest share is integer.
The successive application of the above criteria means that first
C 1 is applied; if after C 1 we remain with more than one sequence,
52
we filter them by C2; if again we remain with more than one
sequence after C2, we filter them by C3 .
After filtering, we remain with one final sequence, which holds
the best approximation of the parameters of the reel configuration:
• Clf C 2f C pf
Af · d"d2" '" d
Cl f C'f
P
Cpf
Step 5: We adjust the numerators and denominators of the

sequence Af found at step 4, as follows:
We first check the sum S = Cl f + C 2f + ... + C pf' If
mindif ~ S ~ max dif, we choose t = S (which is integer) and ci = cif
I ~,p ~l ~
for every i from 1 to p. If S does not lie between the minimum and
maximum of the denominators of sequence Af' we make the
following adjustments:
If S < mindif, we consider the difference M - S, where M is the
I= l ,p
nearest integer to the mean (~~ d:r + If2~; d:r ) / 2 , and distribute it
through addition over the numbers c if ' proportionally with their
values and rounding the added quantities to integers, from the
highest to the lowest cif ' (If N was large enough, this process
usually stops after the first 1 - 3 highest cif and the added values are
1, maximum 2).
If S > max dif ' we consider the difference S - M and distribute it
i=l ,p
through subtraction over the numbers cif ' proportionally with their
values and rounding the subtracted quantities to integers, from the
highest to the lowest cif'
After these adjustments, we obtain a new sequence of fractions
53
mindif + maxdif
We then choose t = M = I=l ,p I=l ,p , where Ilxl denotes
2
the nearest integer to x , and c, = c/ for every i from 1 to p.

These are the most probable values for t and c, .
Observation: In step 3, when choosing a sequence of fractions

across the sequences of equal fractions from step 1, we might find
more than one denominator of the same sequence nearest to d~nin .
In this case, we have two options: the simplest is to make an
arbitrary choice for one denominator and stay with the extracted
sequences AI' A2 , ••• , 4,run- 1 , as described in the algorithm above.
The second is to generate all possible combinations for the extracted
sequences with respect to the denominators that are equally nearest
to d;nin and so enlarge the number of extracted sequences Ak
beyond nm in - 1 and continue with step 4 for them. Of course, the
latter option is recommended with respect to the error range of the
approximation; however, it renders the calculations harder.
The estimation of t and Ci through this algorithm of denominator

matching is still subject to errors; however, in general the error
range of this method is shorter than the one described in the
previous section.
For a better understanding of the application of this method, let
us follow a concrete example. The next example does not
correspond to a real experiment or a real reel; it was chosen just for
illustrating the application of the denominator-match method. I took
low values of p and N just for ease in following the steps in the
example in parallel with the steps of the theoretical algorithm.
54
Example:
After recording N = 100 spins of a reel, we found p = 10 distinct
symbols, with the following recorded distribution: (n, = 8 , n2 = 9 ,
n3 = 10 , n4 = 15, n5 = 15 , n6 = 10, n7 = 20 , ng = 5, n9 = 4 ,
n,o = 4).
Step 1
Simplifying, then amplifying the fractions:
n, 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
N 100 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5
n 9 1 2 3 4 5 6
-2= - = - - = - - = - - = - - = - - = - - =
N 100 11.11 22.22 33.33 44.44 55.55 66.66
7 8
=--=--
77.77 88.88
n3 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
N 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
n4 =~=_1_=_2_=_3_=_4_=_5_=_6_=
N 100 6.06 12.12 18.18 24.24 30.30 36.36
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--
42.42 48.48 54.54 60.60 66.66 72.72 78.78 84.84
n5 15 1 2 3 4 5 6
-=-=-=--=--=--=--=--=
N 100 6.06 12.12 18.18 24.24 30.30 36.36
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
=--=--=--=--=--=--=--=--
42.42 48.48 54.54 60.60 66.66 72.72 78.78 84.84
n6 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
N 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
n7 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= - =
N 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
ng 5 1 2 3 4
-=-=-=-=-=-
N 100 20 40 60 80
~=~=_1 =~=~
N 100 25 50 75
~=~=_1 =~=~
N 100 25 50 75
55
Step 2
The sequences of minimal length are the last two, so
nmin
-=-=-=-=-
4 1 2 3
N 100 25 50 75
lllin
(d l = 25 , d;un = 50 , d; lin = 75)
Step 3
We look for sequences of fractions having the denominators the
closest to 25, 50, and 75 respectively, across the 10 sequences
obtained at step 1. These are:
A.2 2 2 4 4 2411 1
I · 25 ' 22.22 ' 20 ' 24.24 ' 24.24 ' 20 ' 20 ' 20 ' 25 ' 25
A . 4 5 5 8 8 5 10 2 2 2
2 · 50 ' 55.55 ' 50 ' 48.48 ' 48.48' 50 ' 50 ' 40 ' 50 ' 50
A . 6 7 7 12 12 7 15 3 3 3
3 · 75 ' 77.77 ' 70 ' 72.72 ' 72.72 ' 70 ' 75 ' 60 ' 75 ' 75
Observe that for each denominator (d llllin = 25, d; in = 50,

d~nin = 75), there were initial denominators equally nearest it (for
instance, 20 and 30 are equally nearest d llllin = 25 , within the
sequence of fractions equal to n3 and also within the sequence of
N
fractions equal to n6 ). For the simplicity of the example, I chose
N
the lowest denominator each time (See the Observation after the
theoretical algorithm).
Step 4:
We apply criterion Cl. For each sequence AI ' A2 , A3 we calculate
the maximum of the modules of the differences between
denominators, which are:
For AI ' the maximum is 25 - 20 = 5.
For A2 , the maximum is 55.55 - 40 = 15.55.
For A3 , the maximum is 77.77 - 60 = 17.77.
We choose AI = Af as attending the minimum of the maximums.
As criterion C 1 filtered one sequence, we stay with it, having
then no need for applying criteria C2 and C3.
56
Step 5:
We calculate the sum of the numerators of Af , which is:
S = 2 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 23. We check that S is
between the minimal (20) and the maximal (25) denominator, which
is true. We can take then t = 23, c1 = 2 , c2 = 2 , c3 = 2, c4 = 4 ,
C s = 4, c6 = 2 , c7 = 4 , c8 = 1, c9 = 1 , clO = 1 as the most probable
number of stops and symbol distribution of that reel.
As one can see, applying the algorithm of this method is quite

laborious and the calculations become harder with the number of
spins N and the number of symbols p . The previous concrete
example was easy enough for manual calculations, being an
illustrative one, which dealt with low values of these parameters;
however, in the real applications, we encounter larger values and
this is why a software program for doing this algorithm is needed.
As I already mentioned, any information on t is useful with

respect to the accuracy of the approximation of the ratios ci / t .
Besides the methods based on statistical observation, there exists
a method of estimating t through physical measurements, applicable
to some particular types of slot machines, which is the subject of the
next section.
Regarding the practical application of the statistical observation,
it is obviously an arduous task, since you have to watch and record
spins in numbers of thousands. For online games, software can be
developed to help people in such an endeavor. For physical
machines, it is far more difficult to watch and note down thousands
of outcomes just for one reel of a machine, not to mention that the
slots operator might not allow this action. Of course, technology
based on video capturing might help with such a task, but that is not
the concern of the current work.
57
Method 2 - Physical measurements
This method exploits the information given by the appearance of

the reel on the display. As we know, only a small part of the reel
(either physical or virtual) is visible on the display and this part can
be seen through its window as one or several adjacent spots (usually
3, up to 5). So we can view from 1 up to 5 consecutive stops of the
reel. If the appearance of this part of the reel is three-dimensional
(which is possible for both physical and virtual reels), by measuring
some parameters of this image, we can deduce an estimation for the
number of stops of that reel (t). Basically, the apparent lengths of the
visible stops give full information on the curvature of the reel, which
then leads to an accurate estimation of the entire number of stops,
since the number of visible stops per the circular length of the
visible reel is proportional to the total number of spots per the
circular length of the entire reel.
Of course, this method can be applied only to reels showing at
least two consecutive stops on the display in three-dimensional
view. For these , it is necessary for the revealed stops to be entirely
visible, that is, both their lower and upper edges to be visible on the
display.
The method cannot be applied to virtual reels showing several
consecutive stops in flat image.
Let us see how this method works. I shall present it for reels
showing three consecutive stops, this being the most common. For
reels showing two or four consecutive stops, other calculations and
formulas are necessary if taking into account all the visible stops;
however, the 3-visible-stops method can be also applied to the
5-visible-stops reel, by considering only the three central visible
stops.
Figure 20. Physical reel with five visible stops

58
In figure 20, we can see how a three-dimensional reel appears to
the observer sitting in front of it. The reel appears to himlher as a
plane image, which is the projection of the visible surface of the
actual reel in the plane passing through the observer' s eyes and
parallel with the display. In this image, the stops have apparent
lengths (denoted by h. and h2 in figure 20), which are in fact the
lengths of the projections of the real stops on the observation plane.
These apparent lengths are not equal (even though the lengths of the
real stops are equal), lowering as the stops get far away from the
central one, which has the highest apparent length (h. > ~).
The first step in applying the current method is to measure the
lengths h. and h2 .
We assume that the stops of the reel are marked with lines as
delimiters between them (as in figure 20).
For a proper measurement, it is necessary for the observer to
adjust his/her position, so that his/her visual orientation is
perpendicular to the plane of the display in the center of the central
visible stop of the measured reel. The adjustment of the observer's
position should be made by keeping the visual direction through the
center of the central stop, in the plane perpendicular to the display,
and turning the head up or down so that the apparent lengths of the
two stops adjacent to the central one to become equal (~). When
this position is acquired, the observer may measure the lengths h.
and ~ with any measuring tool lapped on the display over the
measured reel, in any unit of measurement. (As we shall see further,
the unit of measurement does not matter, since the final formula of
the number of stops is a function of ~ / hi; moreover, this ratio,
rather than each of the two values h. and h2is needed.) If instead of
measuring directly on the machine, the observer takes a photo of the
display in order to do the measurement outside the location of the
slot machine, the required position of the observer applies instead to
the position of the camera. The measurements must be done between
two consecutive edges of the stops, so if the edges of the visible
stops adjacent to the central stop are not caught on the display, the
method will not work.
If the stops are not delimited by any marks between them, the
reel showing only its symbols, we can find the ratio
59
h2 I ~ without recreating the delimiting lines before the
measurement:
We call the height of a symbol the distance between the two
parallel lines passing through the highest and the lowest points of
the symbol respectively, perpendicular to the symbol strip, in the
symbol's plane, if the symbol is plane (if the symbol strip were
detached from the reel and laid down on a plane surface). We call
the apparent height of a symbol the same defined distance when all
elements are projected in the observation plane, as they appear to the
observer on the slot machine.
Figure 21. The height of a symbol
If a is the apparent height of a symbol in the central visible stop,

we denote by a' the apparent height of the same symbol in one of the
two visible stops adjacent to the central one. Of course, a < ~ and
a h
a ' < h2 • We have that - = _J ; therefore, once we measure the
a' ~
apparent height of the same symbol both in the central visible stop
and an adjacent visible stop, then we find the ratio h2 I ~ .
This measurement assumes waiting for the same symbol to occur
in both the mentioned positions on the measured reel. As the symbol
we choose for measuring does not count, we can start measuring the
visible symbols occurring on the first observed spin, then wait for
one of them to change its position on the next spins and measure it
again. Knowing the ratio h2 I hJ , we are able then to estimate the
number of stops t.
In figure 22, the visible part of the reel is placed in
correspondence with the geometrical figure representing the entire
reel (the circle of centrum 0), the circular length of the three visible
stops (the length of the arches AB, BC, and CD), the apparent length
of the visible central stop (the length ofthe line segment BC), and
the apparent length of the two visible stops adjacent to the central
60
one, if each one of them is central (the length of the line segments
AB and CD). B' and C' are the projections ofB and C respectively
on AD. Obviously, AB = BC = CD = ~ and AB' = DC' = h2 •
Figure 22. The geometric model for the estimation ofthe number of stops
through physical measurement
With the denotations in figure 22, I leave the geometry lovers to

prove the following mathematical facts:
ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid, U =J[ - m ( <!ABC) = w,
~~2 _h 2
sin w = 2 (where m (<!ABC) is the measure of angle
hi
<!ABC in radians). It follows that sinu = ~, where h= hz .
~
Now, if one stop of the reel creates with the center of the circle
an angle of measure u, then the total number of the stops t should be
2J[ 2J[
---;; - arcsin ~ .
Given that h was obtained through physical measurements
predisposed to errors and t is integer, we should take the nearest
integer to the fraction above, So the formula of the estimation of t
through physical measurement on three visible stops is:
2J[
t::::.
arcsin~
61
where h = ~ and II xii denotes the nearest integer to x.
hi
For any numerical computation, we need the value of the
constant n = 3.14159 and a table of values or a calculator for the
trigonometric function arcsine. Such calculators can be found on the
internet or in computational software (Excel works well for
calculating the arcsine , having the syntax ASIN for this function).
Example:
The measurements gave h. = 5.10 cm and h2 = 4.85 cm.
We have h = 0.95098 and
t = I arcsin .J1-21r0.9043629 I = I arcsin

6.28318 I
0.309252 .
Looking for the arcsine of 0.309252 with a calculator, we found
it as being 0.314406. Replacing it in the expression of t, we obtain:
t =I 0~~218:4108611 = 1119.9842811 = 20 stops
As in the case of the previous method through statistical

observation, there are issues with the practical application of the
method through physical measurements. There might be technical
issues regarding acquiring the proper position for measurement or
placing the measurement tool on the surface of the machine. Also
for this method, it is recommended for the observer to take photos
and make the measurements on the photos. Of course, the slot
machine operator might not allow the direct measurement and/or
taking photos.
As I mentioned, the estimation of the number of stops through
this method is subject to errors coming from the measurement (the
imperfection of the measuring tool , the position of the observer, the
marks used in measurement, etc.). The error range of the estimation
through physical measurement is quantifiable, unlike the case of
statistical observation, where it is not. Moreover, in general, the
error range of the estimation of t through physical measurement is
far shorter than the error range through statistical observation,
derived from choosing the number of recorded spins (N).
Unfortunately, the range of the slot machines to which this method
62
is applicable is narrow (only machines with the stops in a three-
dimensional view).
Given the shorter error range in estimating t through physical
measurement, this method is recommended where possible before
using the method of statistical observation. Once we have an
accurate estimation of t, we can choose accordingly the number N of
spins to watch (at least lOt, preferably many more) and thus we can
get a more accurate estimation of the symbol distribution on the reel.
Both methods of estimation here presented require some effort on
the part of the observer and assume issues and risks in applying
them. And all this effort is because the game producers do not
disclose the parameters of the configurations of the reels.
Of course, if other sources do provide these parameters, we must
use them instead of applying the described methods, in order to
avoid the errors involved. Such sources might include old studies on
machines with disclosed parameters, slot machine operators, or
discarded parts (reels, symbol strips, etc.) from machines that were
broken.
Now that we have methods of estimating the parameters of the
reels, we can proceed to the probability models of the slot machines,
which will provide us with general formulas for the probability of
various slots events. By using the estimations for the reel
parameters, we can obtain all the numerical results we need, that is,
we can generate the so-called PAR sheet of any slot machine. But
first, let us talk about the combinations involved in slots, which play
a crucial role in defming the gaming events we measure through
probability and in the probability formulas as well.
63
64
Combinations
The combinations in slots refer to the combinations of symbols

that occur across the reels, on the paylines. These combinations
define the winning events, which are the occurrences of some pre-
defined combinations (the winning combinations) of symbols on the
paylines. These winning combinations are established by the game
producer.
As these winning combinations are defined in a cumulative
manner for most slot games, the mathematical object of
combinatorics describing them is combination and not arrangement.
By cumulative manner, I refer to the numbers (quantities) of specific
symbols necessary for the payline to hold, regardless of their
position on the pay line; for example, one cherry symbol on a pay line
defines a winning combination that has a specific payout; two
cherries define another winning combination. In arrangements, order
does count for identification, which does not apply in our model.
Figure 23. Combination of symbols on a line of length 5
The upper combination of symbols in figure 23 is the same as the

lower combination possibly occurring in a new spin, as combination
does not depend upon the order of the symbols. However, if we take
the stops and not the symbols as the combining elements, the two
combinations are different.
Staying with the same denotations as in previous chapter, each
reel has a number of distinct symbols p (denote them by
SI ' S2' ... , Sp ) and a number of stops t.
65
Any outcome of the machine on a payline is a combination of
symbols, but also a combination of stops holding those symbols.
Assuming the same distribution of symbols on each of n reels of

a slot machine, we have t n possible combinations of stops and pn
possible combinations of symbols on a payline of length n across the
n reels. Of course, not all machines have the same distribution of
symbols on their reels (unfortunately, for the ease of computations!)
meaning also that they might have a different number of stops on
each reel. In that case, for n reels, each of them has its number of
stops t j (j from 1 to n), yet the same number of distinct symbols p.
Therefore, we have the same p n number of possible combinations
n
of symbols and IT t j = tlt2 ... tn as the number of possible
j= 1
combinations of stops for that pay line of length n.

Among these combinations, we are interested in certain particular
types that define the winning events in slots. Further, each type of
combinations we consider will be treated in two cases:
A - All reels have the same distribution of symbols; each symbol S
has the same distribution on the t stops of each reel, denoted by cs ;
B - The reels have different numbers of stops t j and each symbol S
has different distributions on the stops of the reels, denoted by: c~
on reel 1, c~ on reel 2, ... , c~ on reel n.
The particular types of combinations I consider also cover most
of the types of winning combinations of the existent slot machines.
For each type, I denoted by NA the number of possible
combinations of stops in case A, by N B the number of possible
combinations of stops in case B, and by N' the number of possible
combinations of symbols. Numbers N A and N B are important in
the probability calculus regarding the winning events, while N'
mostly concerns the game producers rather than players.
66
1. Combinations holding a specific symbol S
1.1 Exactly one instance of S

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (Sxx ... x) , meaning
that S is on the payline exactly once, on any stop of it (the position
does not count and any x is different from S) - the denotation I made
for this type of combination is illustrative and
not rigorous, for the sake of simplicity. For instance, the multiple x's
could indicate that those elements are equal, while they are not
necessarily ; thus we avoid more complicated denotations with
indexes. With the denotations established previously, we have:
Case A: N A = ncs (t - Cs r-I
Case B: N B= c~ (t2- c~ ) (t3- c~ ) .. . (In- c~ ) +

+c.~ (tl -C.~ )(/3 -c,D (t4 -c~ ) ... (tn-cn + ...
+c~ (tl - c~ ) (t2- c~ ) ... (tn_1 - C~-I) (We move S over all n positions
of the combination (Sxx ... x).) This sum is written condensed as
n
NB = 2>~ IT (t cn . Note that the superscripts in the formula of

J -
1=1 1 ~ .J~n
J*i
N B are not exponents, but indexes, according to the pre-established
denotations.
Case either A or B: N ' = (p -lr- I
Example I .I.a:
What is the number of all possible combinations of stops, then
symbols, on a payline of length 5 of a slot machine with 15 symbols,
combinations holding exactly one cherry symbol, given that we have
4 cherries on each reel and each reel has 50 stops?
We are in case A and we have:p = 15, n = 5, S= , t= 50, and
Cs = 4. Replacing these values in the formulas of NA and N ' and
doing the calculations, we get:

N A =ncs(t-csr -I =5.4(50-4)4 =89,549,120
N'=(p-lr - I = (15-1)4 =38,416
67
Example l.l.b:
symbols, on a pay line of length 3 of a slot machine with 12 symbols,
combinations holding exactly one melon symbol, knowing that we
have the numbers of stops 60, 50, and 50 on reels 1, 2, and 3
respectively and the distributions of the melon symbol on these reels
are 5, 4, and 3 respectively?
We are in case B and we have: p = 12, n = 3, S = ~, then
II = 60, 12 = 50, 13 = 50 and c~ = 5, c~ = 4, c~ = 3. Replacing these
values in the formulas of N B and N' and doing calculations, we get:
N B= c,~ (t2- c~) (t3- c~ ) + c~ (tl - c~ ) (t3- c.~ ) + c~ (tl - c.~ ) (t2 - c~) =
= 5(50 - 4)(50 - 3) + 4(60 - 5)(50 - 3) + 3(60 - 5)(50 - 4) = 28,740
N'=(p-lr- I =(12-1)2 =121
1.2 Exactly two instances of S

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (SSxx ...x). We
have:
Case A: NA r-
=C; (c s )2(t-c s 2= n(n2-1)(CS )2(t-cs 2 r-
Case B: NB = c~c; (t3-c.~ ) (t4 -c~ ) .. .(tn-c,~ ) +
c~c~ (t2- c~ ) (t4 - c~ )(t5 - c~ ) ... (tn- c~) + ... (We move the two
symbols S over all (unordered) pairs of positions of the combination
(SSxx ... x) and add the analog terms to the sum, which will have C;
terms, each one being an analog product.) This sum is written
condensed as NB = I
1 ~i<J~1I
c~c~ IT (tk- c~ )
I ~k~n
k*l ,j
Case either A or B: N' = (p -1 r- 2
Example 1.2. a:
In the same hypothesis as example I.I.a, what is the number of
all possible combinations holding exactly two cherry symbols?
68
Replacing the values p15, n = 5, t = 50, and Cs = 4 in the
=
formulas of N A and N' and doing calculations, we get:
N A = n(n;l) (c s / (t-C S)"-2 = 5;4.4 2 (50-4/ = 15,573, 760

N'=(p- 1 r- 2 =(15-1)3 =2, 744
Example I .2.b:
In the same hypothesis as example 1.1. b, what is the number of
all possible combinations holding exactly two melon symbols?
Replacing the values p = 12, n = 3, tl = 60, t2 = 50, t3 = 50 ,
c~ = 5, c~ = 4, c~ = 3 in the formulas of NB and N' and doing
calculations, we get:
N B =CsC1 s2( t3 -Cs3) +CsC
1 s3( t2 -C s2) +CsC
2 s3( tl -CsI) =
= 5 ·4(50- 3)+5·3(50-4) +4·3(60-5) = 1,795
N'=(p_l)"-2 =(12-1)1 =11
1.3 Exactly three instances of S

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (SSSxx ...x). We
have:
C ase A ·. N A -C
-
3(
n cs
)3(t _ Cs ),,-3 -_n(n-l)(n-2)( cs )3(t _ Cs ),,-3
6
Case B: NB = c.~c~c~ (t4 - c~ ) (t5 - c~ ) ... (t"- cn +
c~c~c; (t3- c~ )(t5 - c; )(t6 - cn ... (til - cn + ... (We move the three
symbols S over all triples of positions of the combination (SSSxx ... x)
and add the analog terms to the sum, which will have C~ terms,
each one being an analog product.) This sum is written condensed as
N B= I
ISi<j<kSn
C~C~C~ IT (tq-c~ )
IS q Sn
q*i ,j,k
Case either A or B: N' = (p -1 ),,-3
69
Example i.3.a:
In the same hypothesis as example l.l.a, what is the number of
all possible combinations holding exactly three cherry symbols?
Replacing the values p = 15, n = 5, t = 50, and Cs = 4 in the
formulas of N A and N' and doing calculations, we get:
N A = n(n-l~(n-2) (C S ) 3 (t-c s r- 3 = 5.:.3. 4 3 (50_4)2 =
= 1,354,240
N'=(p -l r- 3 =(15-1)2 =196
Example i.3.b:
In the same hypothesis as example l.l .b, what is the number of
all possible combinations holding exactly three melon symbols?
Replacing the values p = 12, n = 3, t, = 60, t2 = 50, t3 = 50,
c~ = 5, c~ = 4, c~ = 3 in the formulas of N 8 and N' and doing
calculations, we get:
N 8 = c~c~c~ = 5 · 4·3 = 60
N' = (p -1 r-
3 = (12 _1)° = 1 (the combination
Observation:
In both examples, if we want to count the combinations holding
at least one and at most three instances of the symbol S (one, two, or
three), we have to add the results for 1, 2, and 3 instances. If at least
two and at most three instances (two or three), we have to add the
results for 2 and 3 instances.
Generalization:
Exactly m instances of S (m ~ n)
Case A: N A=Cnm(Cs )m (t-c s )n-m= n! ()III

Cs (t-cs )n-m
m!(n -m)!
Case B: N 8 = I
l:5il <i2 <·· ·<im :5n
c~ ci .. .ct II (tq-cn
l :5q:5n
Case either A or B: N' = (p -1 r-III

70
F or the same symbol S, denoting by N A (k) the number of all
possible combinations of stops holding exactly k instances of S
(k ~ n) in case A, by N B (k) the number of all possible
combinations of stops holding exactly k instances of S (k ~ n) in
case B, and by N'(k) the number of all possible combinations of
symbols holding exactly k instances of S, then:
The number of all possible combinations of stops holding at least
k instances of Sis:
N A(k) + N A(k + 1) + ... + N A(n) , in case A
N B(k) + N BCk + 1) + ... + N BCn), in case B
The number of all possible combinations of symbols holding at
least k instances of Sis N'(k) + N '(k + 1) + ... + N'(n).
Example:
What is the number of all possible combinations of stops on a
pay line of length 3 of a slot machine with 18 symbols, combinations
holding at least two plum symbols, given that we have 6 plums on
each reel and each reel has 80 stops?
We are in case A and we have:p = 18, n = 3, S= , t= 80, and
Cs = 6.
We must compute N A (2) + N A (3) for the plum symbol. Using

the formulas from 1.2 and 1.3, we get:
N A (2) = n(n2-1) (C S ) 2 (t- Cs r- 2 = \ 2 .6 2 (80- 6)1 = 7,992
N A(3) = n( n - 1~(n - 2) ( Cs / (t _ CS ),,- 3 = 3 . ~ . 1 . 6 \80 _ 6) 0 = 216

Then, N A (2) + Ni3) = 8,208.
71
2. Combinations holding two specific symbols SI and
2.1 Exactly one instance of SI and one instance of S2

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (SIS2XX .. .X). For
simplicity, I shall denote the distributions of SI and S2 on a reel in
case A by c1 and c2 respectively (instead of CsI and Cs2 ) and by c~
and c; on reel number k in case B.
We have:
Case A: NA = 2C,~ CIC2 (t - c] - c 2y -2 = n(n -1)c]c2(t - c] - c 2y -2
+elle~ (t2 - e~ - e~)(t4 - e: - e~ )(ts - e; - en·· .(tn - C~ - C;) +

+c~e( (t2 - e~ - C~) (t4 - e: - e~ ) (t5- e; - e~ ) .. . (tn - e~ - e; ) + . ..
(We move the two symbols over all pairs of positions of the
combination (SIS2xx...x) and over the positions within those pairs
and add the analog terms to the sum, which will have 2C~ terms,
each one being an analog product.) This sum is written condensed as
NB = I
l ~i ,J ~n
c;c~ IT (tk -et -cn·
I ~k~n
I'¢') hi ,)
Case either A or B: N' = (p - 2r- 2
Example 2.1. a:
combinations holding exactly one plum and one orange symbol
( ), given that we have 7 plums and 8 oranges on each reel and
each reel has 90 stops?
We are in case A and we have:p = 20, n = 5, SI = , S2=
t = 90, c1 = 7 and c2 = 8 . Replacing these values in the formulas of
N A and N' and doing calculations, we get:
72
N A=n(n-l)clc2(t-c l -c2y -2 =5·4·7·8(90-7-8)3 =
= 472,500,000
N' = (p - 2),,-2 = (20 - 2)3 = 5,832
Example 2.1 .b:

combinations holding exactly one melon and one orange symbol
(' ), given that we have the numbers of stops 46, 47, and 48 on
reels 1, 2, and 3 respectively, the distributions of the melon symbol
on these reels are 2,3, and 3 respectively, and the distributions of
the orange symbol on these reels are 3, 3, and 4 respectively?
We are incase B and we have:p = 16, n=3 , S] = ,S2=
then tl = 46, t2 = 47, t3 = 48 , c; = 2, c; = 3, c; = 3 and
c~ = 3, c; = 3, c; = 4 . Replacing these values in the formulas of N B
and N' and doing calculations, we get:
N B = c; c; (t3- c; - c~ ) + c~c~ (t3- C]3 - c;) + CII c~ (t2 - c; - c; ) +
+C 2I CI3( t2 -c l2 -c22) +C I23
C2 ( tl-C II -C2I) +C223
C] ( tl-C II -C2I ) =
= 2 . 3( 48 - 3 - 4) + 3 . 3( 48 - 3 - 4) + 2 . 4( 4 7 - 3 - 3) +
+3·3(47 -3 - 3) + +3 ·4(46- 2- 3) + 3·3(46-2 -3) = 2,173
N'=(p-2)"-2 =(16-2)1 =14
2.2 Exactly two instances of SI and one instance of S2

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (SIS]S2XX",X),
Case A:
N A =3Cn3( CI )2C2(t-C I -C2)n-3 = n(n-l)(n-2)( C1 )2c2(t-C]-C 2)n-3
2
Case B: NB = c; c;c~ (t4 -c: - c~) (t5-c~ -c~ ) ... (t n - c~ -c; ) +
73
+CIIC~C~ (t3- C; - cn (ts - C~ - cn (t6-C~ - cn·· .(t n - C~ - C;) + ..•
(We move the three symbols over all triples of positions of the
combination (SISIS2XX ... X) and over the positions within those
triples and add the analog terms to the sum, which will have 3C;
terms, each one being an analog product.)
This sum is written condensed as
N B= L (c;c(c; +c; c(ct+c;c~cnil (tq -C~ -cn·
ISi<j<kSJ' IS qSn
(/,~i ,J,k
Case either A or B: N' = (p - 2r- 3
Example 2.2.a:
In the same hypothesis as example 2.1.a, what is the number of
all possible combinations holding exactly two plum and one orange
symbols?
Replacing the values p = 20, n = 5, t = 90, c l = 7 , and C2 = 8 in
the formulas of N A and N' and doing calculations, we get:
N A -_n(n-l)(n-2)( S )2 ~t-s-s
( )"-3 _
-
2
= 5 · 4·3 .7 2 .8(90 _ 7 _ 8)2 = 66 150 000
2 ' ,
N' = (p - 2r- 3 = (20 - 2)2 = 324
Example 2.2.b:
In the same hypothesis as example 2.1.b, what is the number of
all possible combinations holding exactly two melon and one orange
symbols?
Replacing the values p = 16, n = 3, tl = 46, t2 = 47, t3 = 48,
CII = 2, c; = 3, c; = 3, c~ = 3, c~ = 3, c; = 4 in the formulas of N B
and N' and doing calculations, we get:
N B = c lIc l2c23 + C 2IC I2c l3 + c lIc22c 3l = 2 . 3 . 4 + 3"''''
. .) . .) + 2 . 3 . 3 = 69
N'=(p-2r- 3 =14 0 =1
74
Generalization:
Exactly k) instances of S) and k2 instances of S2(k) + k2 $ n )
Such combinations are of the cumulative form
[ ~~xx k\ k2
.. . xJ. We have:
Case A ·. N A -- C k\ C k \+k2 (
k\+k2 n c) ) k\ ( c 2 ) k2 (t - c) - c 2 ) n-k\-k2 (F or th e
first factor of this product, note that C :\+k
\ 2
=C :2+k\ 2
, so k) appearIng
there is not preferential.)
Case B:
'"'
~
c'\a(i\ )c'2 £/'1 d 'I+\ d 'I+2 C i'I+A2
a(i2 ) ·· a(i'l) a(i'I+\ ) a(i,, +2) ·· a(i'I+/q)
II (tq-rq
-)
-r'!
-2
),
)g\ ~<. <:i1q +'1 91 15£j91
a <r#s:vs=)h+i0.
where (J runs over all distinct arrangements of k) instances of
number 1 and k2 instances of number 2 in correspondence with
vector (i) , i 2 , • • • , ik\+k2 )
Case either A or B: N \ = (p - 2 r- k \-k 2
Example:
combinations holding exactly three orange and one melon symbols
( ~) , given that we have the numbers of stops 80, 80, 90,
90, and 100 on reels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively, the distributions
of the orange symbols on these reels are 5, 5, 6, 6, and 8
respectively, and the distributions of the melon symbols on these
reels are 4, 4, 5, 5, and 6 respectively? What if the reels had the
same number of stops 80 and the same distribution of symbols,
namely 6 orange and 5 melon symbols on each reel?
75
We have p = 23, n = 5, 8 1 = , 82 = ~, kl = 3, k 2 = 1, then in
case B we have tl = 80, t2 = 80, t 3 = 90, t 4 = 90, t5 = 100 ,
ell = 5, e; = 5, e~ = 6, e~ = 6, e; = 8 and e~ = 4, c; = 4, e; = 5, e; = 5, e; = 6 .
For unfolding the sum for N B , we shall take all 4-size
combinations of the 5 reels (which number C; = 5), then within
each of these combination take all its combinations of positions
holding 3 oranges and one melon (which number C; = C~ = 4 ).
Therefore, the sum has 5 x 4 = 20 terms:
N B = C,1234(
C, C, C 2 t 5 - C,5- 5
C2 ) + C2' C I234
CI CI ( t 5 - C5 5)
I - C2 +
C I1C 2234
C, C I ( t5 - C,5- 5
C 2 ) + C11234(
C I C2 C I t 5 - C I5- 5
C2 ) + C I1C1235
C I C2 ( t4 - C I4-4
C 2) +
C 21C I235
C I C I ( t4 -C I4 4 ) +C 1235(
-C 2
44 ) '235( 44)
1C2 C1 C I t 4 -C I -C2 +C1C I C2 C I t4 -C I - C2 +
C1' C I245
C I C 2 ( t 3 - C13- 3
C2 ) + C21245( 33 ) 1 245 ( 33)
C, C, C I t 3 - C, - C2 + C, C I C2 C1 t 3 - C, - C2 +
C11245(
C I C2 C I t 3 -C 3 3) 1345( 22 ) 1345( 22)
I -C 2 +C I C I C I C2 t 2 -C I -C 2 +C 2C I C I C I t 2 -C I -C2 +
C I1C 2345
C I C, ( t 2 -C I2 2 ) +C 1345
-C 2
( 22 ) 2345 ( I I)
I C I C2 C I t2 -C I -C2 +C1 C I C1 C2 t1 -C1 -C 2 +
C22345
C, C, C I ( tl - C,, - C 2') + c,2345
C 2 C I C I ( tl - C II - C2I) + C I2345
C I C2 C1 ( tl - C1I- 'c)
2
As a rule for generating properly all the terms of this sum, which
reverts to a rule of handling the subscripts and superscripts of the c's,
take the following: For superscripts, generate a1l4-size
combinations of the numbers 1,2,3, 4, and 5 (the reels):
1234
1235
1245
1345
2345
For subscripts, generate all4-size distinct arrangements of 4
elements consisting ofthree 1's and one 2 (the symbols):
1112
2111
1211
1121
For each combination of superscripts, run all combinations of
subscripts and get 4 terms for each combination (20 in total). The
76
factor (tq- ci - ci ) following each product of four c's is obtained by
taking q as the number of the reel missing in the superscripts of the
previous four c's. Replacing the given parameters in the formula of
N B and doing calculations, we get:
NB = (5 . 5 . 6 . 5) (100 - 8 - 6) + ( 4 . 5 . 6 . 6) (100 - 8 - 6) +
+ ( 5 . 4 . 6 . 6) (100 - 8 - 6) + ( 5 . 5 . 5 . 6) (100 - 8 - 6) +
+ (5·5·6·6) (90 - 6 - 5) + ( 4·5 · 6·8) (90 - 6 - 5) +
+ ( 5 . 4 . 6 . 8) ( 90 - 6 - 5) + ( 5 . 5 . 5 ·8) ( 90 - 6 - 5) +
+(5 · 5 · 6 · 6)(90- 6- 5) +( 4·5· 6·8)(90- 6-5) +
+ ( 5 . 4 . 6 . 8) (90 - 6 - 5) + ( 5 . 5 . 5 ·8) ( 90 - 6 - 5) +
+ (5·6·6·6) (80 - 5 - 4) + ( 4 · 6·6·8) (80 - 5 - 4) +
+(5·5·6 ·8)(80-5 -4) + (5·6· 5 ·8)(80- 5 -4) +
+(5 · 6 · 6·6)(80 - 5 -4) + (4·6 · 6· 8)(80- 5 -4) +
+( 5·5 · 6·8) (80 - 5 - 4) + (5·6·5·8) (80 - 5 - 4) =1,495, 616
In case A with the given parameters, we have
N A = C;,' +k2C;,+k2( c l )k' ( c2 )k2(t - c l - c 2 r-k,-k2 =
=C43C54 .63 .5 1(80 - 6 - 5)5-3-1 = 1, 490 , 400
In both cases, N' = (p - 2 r- k,-k2 = (23 - 2)5-3-1= 21
2.3 Only SI and S2

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (SI ... SIS2... S2) ,
with any number of instances of SI and any number of instances of
S2 (totaling n).
There are n - 1 ways of distributing cumulatively the two
symbols over the n positions of the payline, given by the possible
compositions of n:
1+(n-1)
2 + (n - 2)
(n - 1)+1
77
For computing NA and NB we have to apply n - 1 times the
formulas from the generalization of 2.2 (k l instances of SI and k2
instances of S 2 ), then to add the results.

Denoting by N A (kpk2) the number of possible combinations of
stops holding exactly kl symbols SI and k 2 symbols S 2 in case A,
and by N B (k l , k 2 ) the similar number in case B, we get:
NA = NA1,n -1) + NA2,n - 2) + ... + NAn -1,1)
NB = N B(1,n -1) + N B(2,n -
2) + ... + N B(n -1,1)
Any term of the above sums has its formula provided in the
section dedicated to the generalization of 2.2.
I won't write here the explicit formulas for NA and N B, as they
become overloaded.
N' = n - 1 (it does not depend on p).
Example 2.3:
symbols, on a pay line of length 4 of a slot machine, combinations
holding only orange and melon symbols ( and ~), given that the
distributions of the orange symbol on these reels are 2, 2, 3, and 3
respectively and the distributions of the melon symbol on these reels
are 1,2,3, and 2 respectively? What if the symbols had the same
distribution on the four reels - 3 orange and 2 melon symbols on
each reel?
Wehaven=4, SI = , S2= Ii, then in case B we have
CII = 2, C I2 = 2, C I3 = 3, ct = 3 and c~ = 1, c; = 2, c; = 3, c; = 2 .
Four instances of two symbols can be distributed cumulatively
over the n = 4 places as follows: 3 + 1,2 + 2, and 1 + 3.
NB = N B(3,1) + NB(2,2) + N B(l,3). We shall compute each term
by applying the formulas of the generalization of2.2:
N B (3 ' 1) = CIC 2 2 3 2
I c l c2 + C2C I cl cl + C I C 2 C I cl + CIC I C2 C I = . . . +
I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4
+ 1· 2·3·3 + 2 · 2·3·3 + 2·2·3·3 =114

N B (2 , 2) = CII C I2C23C 24 + C II C22 C I3C 24 + C II C22C23C I4 + C2I C I2 C I3C24 + C 2I CI2C 23C I4 +
+C 2I C22 C13C I4 -- 2·2·3·2+2 · 2· 3·2 +2 ·2·3·3+1·2·3· 2+1·2 ·3· 3+
78
+1·2·3·3=132
N B (1 , 3) = c11C22 C23C24 + C21C12C23C24 + C21C22 C13c24 + C21C22C23C14 = 2 . 2 . 3 . 2 +
+ 1 . 2 . 3 . 2 + 1 . 2 . 3 . 2 + 1 . 2 . 3 . 3 = 66
The expressions above explain why the number of stops of each
reel is missing in the hypothesis.
Adding them together, we get N B = 312 .
In case A, we have c1 = 3, c2 = 2 , and
N A = N A (3 , 1) + N A (2 , 2) + Ni 1, 3).
N A(3 , 1) = C 43C44 ( C1 ) 3 ( C 2 ) 1 (t - cl - cJ 0 = 4·1·3 3 · 2 1 = 216
N A (2, 2) =C42C 44 ( C1 ) 2 ( C2 ) 2 (t-C I - C2 ) 0 2

=6 ·1·3·2 2 = 216
N A (1 , 3)=C41C 44 ( C1)1 ( C ) 3 (t-C - C ) 0

2 1 2 = 4 ·1·31 ·2 3 = 96
Again, these expressions explain why the numbers of stops are
missing in the hypothesis. Adding them together, we get N A = 528 .
In both cases, N ' = n - 1 = 3.
Thus far, we have dealt with combinations holding both of two

specific symbols ( SI and S2 ) in various instances. Of course, the
formulas yielding the number of these combinations can be
generalized for more than two symbols; however, most of the slot
machines have their winning combinations pre-defined with one or
two symbols. But how shall we calculate the number of
combinations holding at least one of two or more specific symbols
( SI or S2)?
79
3. Combinations holding at least one of two or more
specific sym bois 8] and 82
This application does not pose additional problems, once we

observe that the symbols can be redefined by considering one
symbol instead of the two given symbols: we denote by S] ,2 any
symbol which is 8] or 82' The symbol 8],2 has the following
distribution on the reels:
c] ,2 = c1 + c 2 in case A
c i = c( + c~ on reel number j in case B.

1,2
Parameter p of the machine changes (theoretically) to p - 1, while

nand t (or tj ) remain the same,
Now, with these new parameters we can apply the same formulas
as section 1. Combinations holding a specific symbol 8 for the new
symbol 8] ,2 ' for any requested number of instances.
Of course, we can generalize the problem from 2 to m symbols
(8], 8 2 , .•• , 8 m , m :::; p ), by taking the parameters:
c] ,2,... ,/Il = c] + c2 + ... + cm in case A
cJ1.2 ,....", = c( + c j + .. . + C~, on reel number j
2
in case B.
P - m + 1 instead ofp
n and t (or tj ) remain the same.
Example:
What is the number of all possible combinations of stops, on a
payline of length 3 of a slot machine having three bar-type symbols
l!!J!I
l!!J!I IIlJII
( 8 ] =I!!:m , 8 2 =II!JJ] , 8 3 =~
............J,
combinations holding at least two bar-type symbols (in slots slang,

"any bar twice"), given that each reel has 50 stops and the
distributions of the bar-type symbols on the reels are 3, 2, 1 (the
same on each reel)?
80
We are in case A and have n = 3, t = 50, c1 = 3, c2 = 2, c3 = 1.
We define the symbol S = SI ,-,) 3 =(SI or S2 or S3)' which has the
distribution Cs = c1 + c2 + c3 = 6 on each reel. We have the new
parameters: n = 3, t = 50, Cs = 6 .
Now we can apply the formula of N A from section 1.2 Exactly
two instances ofS with the new parameters and find:
N A (2) = n(n2-1) (C S )2 (t-c s r-
2 = 3;2 .6 2 (50-6Y =4, 752
The formula of N A from section 1.3 Exactly three instances ofS

with the new parameters gives us:
N A(3) = n(n-l~(n-2) (c s )3(t-cs r-
3 = 3'~'1.63 (50_6)O = 216
Therefore, the number of combinations holding any bar twice is

N A(2) + N A(3) = 4, 968.
Some winning combinations may be defined as holding several

instances of identical symbols, no matter what symbols, like any two
(double), any three (triple), etc. The number of these combinations
is the subject of the next subchapter.
81
4. Combinations holding any symbol in several
instances
We shall use the results of sections 1 and 2 and the denotations:

N~ (k) and N~ (k) are the numbers of possible combinations of
stops holding exactly k instances of symbol S in case A and B
respectively;
N's (k) is the number of possible combinations of symbols
holding exactly k instances of symbol S;
N~l ,s"" .,S, (k p k 2, ... , kJ and N~l ,8" ..,S, (k p k 2, .. . , k r) are the
numbers of possible combinations of stops holding exactly kl

instances of symbol SI ' k2 instances of symbol S2' and so on, kr
instances of symbol Sr in case A and B respectively;
N'SI,S".,s' (k p k 2, ... ,k r) is the number of possible combinations of
symbols holding exactly kl instances of symbol SI , k2 instances of
symbol S2' and so on, kr instances of symbol Sr in case A and B
respectively (r ::s; p ).
N A (k) and N B (k) are the numbers of possible combinations of
stops holding exactly k instances of any symbol in case A and B
respecti vely;
N ' (k) is the number of possible combinations of symbols
holding exactly k instances of any symbol.
4.1 Any double

Such combinations are ofthe cumulative form (SSxx.. .x), where S
could be any symbol.
4.1.1 If n < 4 (actually, n = 3), for any two symbols, there are no
combinations holding two instances of each of the two symbols, so
we can add up the partial results for each of the p symbols and get:
p
N A (2) = IN~i (2)

i= 1
p
N B (2) = L N~' (2)

1=1
82
1=1
If one of the symbols of the machine is the blank, which is

counted in our model among the total of p symbols, but does not
participate in such winning combinations, we should take in the
above formulas p - 1 instead of p. This convention will apply in all
practical applications of the sections of this subchapter.
4.1.2 If 4 ~ n < 6 , for any two symbols, there are combinations
holding doubles of each of the two symbols. These combinations
must be subtracted from the total, so they will not be counted more
than once. We get:
p
Ni 2) = I N~i (2)- I N~i,Sj (2, 2)
i= 1 I ~i<j~p
i=1 I~i<j~p
i=1 1~/<j~p

holding doubles of each of the two symbols; for any three symbols,
again there are combinations holding doubles of each of the three
symbols. Some of these combinations must be subtracted from the
total, other must be added, so they will not be counted more than
once or not counted at all. The tool we use for this exact count is
called the inclusion-exclusion principle for combinations. We get:
p
N A (2) = I N~i (2)- I N~"SJ (2 , 2)+ I N~i,Sj,Sk (2,2 , 2)
1=1 I ~i<j~p I ~i<j<k~p
i=1 1 $i<J~p I ~i<j<k~p
4.2 Any triple

Such combinations are of the cumulative form (SSSxx ... x) , where
S could be any symbol.
83
4.2.1 If n < 6, for any two symbols, there are no combinations
holding three instances of each of the two symbols, so we can add
up the partial results for each of the p symbols and get:
p p p
N A(3) = LN~' (3), NB(3) = LN%' (3) , N'(3) =L N's, (3)
1=1 i= 1 i=1

holding triples of each of the two symbols. By using the same
inclusion-exclusion principle, we get:
p
N A(3) = LN~' (3)- L N~"s) (3,3)
1=1 15kj5p
p
NB(3) = LN~' (3)- L N ;"s) (3,3)
1=1 15i<j5p
p
N' (3) =I N's, (3) - I N'S' ,Sf (3,3)
i=1 i 5i<j5p

holding triples of each of the two symbols; for any three symbols,
again there are combinations holding triples of each of the three
symbols. By using the same inclusion-exclusion principle, we get:
p
N A(3) = IN~' (3) - I N~"Sf (3,3) + I N~"S),Sk (3,3 , 3)
1=1 15i<j5p 15 i<j<k5p
1=1 15i<j5p 15i<j<k5p
i=1 15i<j5p 15i<j<k5p
Generalization:
Any k-tuple (k ~ n)
1. Ifn < 2k:
1=1
1= 1
p
N'(k) = IN'S, (k)
1= 1
84
2. If 2k ~ n < 3k :
3. If 3k ~ n < 4k :
Generally, if rk ~ n < (r + l)k (r positive integer, r > 2):
N As" ,s,' ,.. .,S;, (k , k , ••• , k)

'-v-------'
r
N Bs;, ,s,' ,.. .,S" (k , k , ••• , k)

'-v-------'
r
N' S;, ,S;, ,.. .,S;, (k , k, .. ., k)

'-v-------'
r
(The partial sums not showing in the above formulas have
alternating signs.)
85
Example:
What is the number of all possible combinations of stops on a
payline of length 6 of a slot machine having 10 symbols,
combinations holding any triple, given that each reel has 18 stops
and the distribution of the symbols on the reels is: 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2 (the same on each reel)?
We have n = 6, p = 10, t = 18, and
c, = 1, c 2 = 1, c3 = 2, c4 = 2, ... , c,o = 2 .
We are in case A and we shall apply the formula of section 4.2.2
p
(any triple, 6 ~ n < 9), NA (3) = I N~' (3) - I N~A (3,3) .
i=' ' 5,i<j5,p
For the first sum, we need NA(3) for each symbol, which can be
found in section 1.3 (exactly three instances of a specific symbol).
Due to the particular distribution of symbols, we have that:
N~' (3) = N~2 (3) = n(n -1~(n - 2) (CS1 / (t - cs, r-3 =
= 6 · ~ . 4 . 13 . (18 _1) 6-3 = 98,260
N~J (3) = N~· (3) = ... = N~'O (3) = n(n -1~(n - 2) (csJ / (t - cSJ r-
3
=
= 6· ~ . 4 .2 3 . (18 _ 2)6-3 = 655, 360
Now we can compute the first sum, which is

2·98,260 + 8·655,360 = 5,439,400.
For the second sum, we need N A(3,3) for each (unordered) pair
of distinct symbols (S" Sj) and we have C,20 = 45 such pairs. For
each pair, NA(3,3) shall be calculated by using the formula from the
generalization of subchapter 2. Combinations holding two specific
symbols S, and S2' for kl = k2 = 3 , namely
NA =C63C 63(C, )3(c2 )3(t-C 1 -C2 ) 6-6 =400 ()3
c1 (c2 )3.
Due to the particular distribution of symbols, there is no need to
apply this formula 45 times. Observe that all 45 pairs consist of:
Group 1: 8 pairs of symbols (S" x) , with x different from S2'
whose distribution is (1, 2);
86
Group 2: 8 pairs of symbols (S2' X) , with x different from SI '
whose distribution is (1, 2);
Group 3: 1 pair of symbols (SI' S2) , whose distribution is (1, 1);
Group 4: c i = 28 pairs of symbols (x , y), with x and y different
from SI and S2' whose distribution is (2, 2).
For any pair of group 1 or 2, we have
N A(3, 3) = 400.1 3 .2 3 =3, 200. For the pair of group 3,
N A(3,3) = 400.1 3 .13 = 400. For any pair of group 4, we have
N A(3 ,3) = 400.2 3 .2 3 = 25, 600 .
Adding up all these partial results, we find the second sum of the
main formula to be 16·3, 200 + 1· 400 + 28·25,600 = 768, 400,
which shall be added with minus after the first sum. Therefore,
N A(3) = 5,439, 400 -768, 400 = 4, 671, 000.
The formulas I presented in this chapter might seem heavy, but

even though you see here expressions overloaded with indexes, they
involve only basic arithmetic operations that anyone can perform.
The manual application of these formulas requires high attention to
unfolding rather than calculation effort.
The practical applications I presented through the examples in
this chapter were quite easy, for the sake of understanding how the
formulas are applied. However, with the increase of some
parameters like the number of reels or the number of symbols
composing the winning combinations or with the increase in
complexity of the winning combinations, the applications and
calculations become heavy enough to require mathematical
software. As you noticed, the harder calculations are on the side of
case B (different distributions of the symbols on the reels), where
the number of parameters increases significantly (For that, we must
"thank" the game producers, who chose not to keep the same
symbol distributions on the reels of their machines!)
The combinatorial calculus is essential for the probability
calculus of games of chance and so for the slots. As we shall see in
the next chapter, most of the probability calculations revert to
counting numbers of combinations.
87
88
Probabilities
When talking about probability, we must touch not only the

mathematical support of this concept, including theory and calculus,
but also its interpretations. This is because in daily life - including
gambling - we use probability as a tool of measuring risk as well as
a criterion for making decisions. Knowing the probabilities of the
gaming events in slots is not just an acquisition of information, but it
can also lead to decisions regarding interaction with this game. Even
though slots is not a game you play against opponents, knowing the
odds of winning can lead you to gaming actions-for instance,
choosing a number of paylines to enable or quitting one game to
play another.
So, having the [mal numbers (probabilities), we must know what
they really are, what their significance is, and how we can rely on
them.
First of all, probability is a mathematical object. Briefly defined,
probability is a measure of the possibility of an event' s occurring.
That is a function defined on a Boolean structure, namely afield of
events, having the properties of a measure - additivity and existence
of a finite value - with values in the interval [0, 1].
The field of events is essential for the concept of probability. If
we define the elementary events (the sample space) and take all the
sets that are unions of these events, we get a field of events, which is
a Boolean algebra with operations U (union of sets) and n
(intersection of sets). Thus, the events can be identified with sets. In
this field of events we can define a probability as a measure taking
values in [0, 1] . This is why "the probability of something" makes
sense only if that "something" belongs to such a mathematical
structure. We can say and calculate the probability of two cherries
occurring on a payline of a slot machine, but we cannot
determine the probability of the sun's not rising tomorrow, as this is
not an event belonging to a field of events as per its mathematical
definition. A field of events together with a probability function
defined on it is called a probability field. An important aspect of
building a probability field is that the elementary events should be
equally possible. Without this idealization, the probability does not
make sense. In practice, the probability field is given by the
89
information we use when doing probability calculus. For the same
literally defined event, we can have more than one probability,
depending upon the probability field in which we frame it and
calculate its probability. Choosing the right probability field for
making the calculations depends, then, upon using optimally the
information we have about the events we measure.
Probability is also a limit, namely the limit of the sequence of
relative frequencies . The relative frequency of occurrence of an
event A in a sequence of experiments is the ratio an / n , where all is
the number of occurrences of A after n experiments. An important
result from probability theory, called the Law of Large Numbers,
states that for any sequence of independent experiments, the relative
frequency of occurrence of event A converges toward the probability
of A. That is, as n is increasing, the terms an / n are getting closer
and closer to the probability of A and are accumulating around this
number. However, the relative frequency approximates the
probability with accuracy only for high values of the number of
experiments n. This is why we have to make a clear conceptual and
quantitative distinction between statistics (dealing with relative
frequencies) and probability (the limit of these relative frequencies).
For example, don't take the results of an odds calculator based on
partial simulations as probabilities, as they are just relative
frequencies approximating more or less the real probabilities.
I have taken this short incursion into the basics of the probability
concept for making the reader aware of its complexity as well as of
its interpretations. Although it is the only objective measure of
possibility we have, we must be circumspect when taking it as a
degree of belief in the occurrence of an event, just because the
mathematical model is something ideal and probability has many
relativities, both conceptual and of applicability. There is a clear
distinction between the mathematical notion of probability and the
word probability we use in the common speech, which we often
confuse with possibility.
For those who want to go deeper into the concept of probability
and study its relativity and philosophy, I recommend the book
Understanding and Calculating the Odds, a primer with many
examples from gambling.
90
Regarding probability calculus, I shall not insist on it, as my task
here is to provide final results, numerical where possible, and not the
entire math behind them.
Probability calculus is based on the properties of probability, and
in gambling, it uses combinatorial calculus extensively. Beyond the
classical definition of probability on a finite field of events - the
ratio between the number of favorable situations
for an event to occur and the number of all equally possible
situations - which is even used on a large scale in the current work,
the probability calculations become heavier for complex events and
require the use of all mathematical results of probability theory as
well as other math theories. For those who want to study and
practice probability calculus, I recommend the same book,
Understanding and Calculating the Odds, as a calculus guide for
beginners, with plenty of applications, especially in gambling.
The main goal of this book is to provide the odds/probabilities of
the various winning events in slots, through general formulas having
full coverage of such events and tables of numerical values, where
these formulas or particular cases of them can be written with less
than three variables, allowing the generating of the tables.
The last chapter is organized so as to allow players who are not
mathematically inclined to make a quick identification of the desired
odds, which can be found directly from tables or computed by
replacing in the right formula the given parameters, with no need for
them to follow the math parts of this chapter or the previous, which
can be skipped for the final results of the applications.
The probabilities and formulas were worked out in the same two
cases as in the Combinations chapter: A - the same number of stops
and symbol distribution on the reels and B - different numbers of
stops and symbol distributions on the reels. The results were
obtained by using the properties of probability on finite fields of
events, which is the case in all slots applications.
In case A, we were able to provide tables of numerical values for
some general and particular types of events; however, in case B,
generating tables was possible for just a few particular types of
events due to the increased number of variables involved. In case B,
replacing the given parameters in the provided formulas and doing
the calculations are required for most of the practical applications.
91
The results provided have examples attached, of either using the
tables or applying the formulas.
Regarding the odds/probabilities terms, the final numerical result
of a probability application can be expressed in two ways: as a
fraction (or percentage) or as odds. Probability, as a subunit real
number, is a fraction. The odds represent a way of expressing the
probability of an event reported to the probability of the contrary
event. The following formula is used to convert a probability into
odds: odds = probability / (1 - probability) .
For example, a 113 probability of event A is converted into odds
as follows: odds of A = (1 /3)/(1 - 113) = (1 /3)/(2/3) = 112.
This is denoted by 2: 1 and reads the chances ofA to occur are 2
against 1, meaning there are two chances in three for A C to occur
and one chance in three for A to occur.
Conversely, to convert odds into a probability, the following
formula is used: probability = odds / (1 + odds).
For example, a 3:2 odds is converted into probability as follows:
(2/3) / (1 + 2/3) = (2/3) / (5/3) = 2/5 or 40% as percentage.
Even though the words probability and odds have different
definitions attached, they express the same quantitative and
qualitative content, so their undifferentiated usage along with the
associated numbers is not quite an error, but rather a deviation from
consistent terminology.
In this book, I preferred to work with probabilities rather than
odds, as for a game with no opponents, they illustrate better the
measure of the risk and they are also easier to write (one number
instead of two).
But before getting straight into the probability applications and
calculations, let us talk first about the categories of slots gaming
events that will be measured in probability.
92
Slots gaming events
Any gaming event we shall consider for estimating its probability

is related to the outcome of the slot machine, namely the appearance
of the symbols on one or more lines of the display after a spin,
whether we talk about a machine with physical reels or virtual reels.
Of course, we shall be interested only in those events related to the
paylines, namely those types of events submitting to the pre-
established winning rules of the machine (winning events). These
winning rules are defined as combinations of symbols, and these
symbols are placed on the stops of the reels and an outcome is given
by the stops showing their symbols on the paylines after the spin;
thus we can identify the winning events with combinations or sets of
combinations of stops (holding symbols).
Any winning rule on a pay line is expressed through a
combination of symbols (for instance, the specific combination
'77'7 ) or a type of combinations of symbols (for instance, any
bar-symbol twice or any triple of symbols) and any outcome is a
specific combination of stops on that line. Therefore, taking the
combination of stops as an elementary event in building a field of
events is a natural choice (taking the combinations of symbols
instead of stops as the elementary events would be an error, as they
are not equally possible, since each symbol has its own distributions
on the reels).
Based on such elementary events (specific combinations of
stops), we can express a gaming event of any complexity as a set of
combinations and build a proper field of events for any probability
application. I remind the reader here that the order of the elements
within a combination does not count toward the identification of that
event, as the winning rules are defined in a cumulative manner
(otherwise we would have to take arrangements instead of
combinations) .
Next I present the categories of slots gaming events that are
measurable in probability.
With regard to mathematical structure, we have elementary
events and compound events. The compound events are unions of
elementary events. The elementary events cannot be decomposed in
other events except themselves.
93
Example:
In a field of events related to a payline of length 3, the occurrence
of any 3-size combination as (stop no. i ofreel no. 1, stop no.} on
reel no. 2, stop no. k on reel no. 3), where the reels denoted by 1, 2,
and 3 are the reels crossing that payline, is an elementary event.
The combinations of stops of type (two oranges and
a plum), . 7 (one cherry, one seven, and one orange), or
" (a money bag and two plums) represent compound events.
For instance, 7 is the union of the elementary events
represented by all combinations of stops holding:
a cherry on reel 1, a seven on reel 2, an orange on reel 3 or
a cherry on reel 2, a seven on reel 3, an orange on reell or
a cherry on reel 3, a seven on reel l , an orange on reel 2 or
a cherry on reel 3, a seven on reel 2, an orange on reel 1.
The event two cherries is also a compound event, as being the
union of the elementary events represented by all combinations of
stops holding:
one cherry on each of reels 1 and 2 and any symbol on reel 3 or
one cherry on each of reels land 3 and any symbol on reel 2 or
one cherry on each of reels 2 and 3 and any symbol on reel 1.
With regard to the complexity of the events in respect to the ease

of the probability computations, we have:
Simple events
These are the events related to one line, which are types of
combinations of stops expressed through specific numbers of
identical symbols (instances).
For example, '77 on a pay line of length 3 is a simple
event, defined as "two seven and one orange symbols".
Most of the winning events (showing usually on the graphics of
the display of the machine as combinations of symbols, as in our
example) are simple events with respect to probability calculus.
94
Complex events of type 1
These are unions of simple events related to one line.
For instance, the event any triple on a payline oflength 3 of a
•
fruit machine is a complex event of type 1, as being the union of the
simple events , and so on
(consider all the symbols of that machine).
Any double or two cherries or two oranges or at least one cherry
are also complex events of type 1.
Most of the complex events of type 1 appear as winning events
on the various types of slot machines.

These are events that are types of combinations of stops
expressed through specific numbers of identical symbols,
related to several lines.
For instance, '7 '7 on paylines 1,3, or 5 is a complex event
of type 2 e.essed through "two seven and one plum symbols". The
event on at least one payline is also a complex event of
type 2.

These are unions of events that are types of combinations of stops
expressed through specific numbers of identical symbols (like the
complex events of type 2), related to several lines.
For instance, any triple on paylines 1 or 2 is a complex event of
type 3. At least one cherry on at least one payline is also a complex
event of type 3.
In this work, I focus on the most common winning events, but

also provide probability formulas for a broader range of slots events.
The events for which I estimate their probability are of all types I
define in this section.
95
The general formulas of the probability of the
winning events related to one payline
The winning events on one pay line are simple events or complex
events of type 1, as per the classification from the previous
subchapter.
I keep the same denotations as in chapter Combinations, starting
with n as the length of the payline, p as the number of distinct
symbols of the machine (SI ' S2"' " Sp)' and:
in case A, t is the number of stops on each reel and Ci is the
distribution (number of instances) of symbol Si on each reel
(1:::;i:::;p) ;
in case B, tj is the number of stops on reel numberj and c( is
the distribution of symbol Si on reel number j (1 :::; i :::; p and
1<_}. <
_n ) .
All probabilities expressed further were worked out under the
following assumptions:
- the reels spin independently;
- a payline does not contain two stops of the same reel (it crosses
over the reels without overlapping them) ; this reverts to the fact that
any m events, each one related to one stop of the pay line , are
independent of each other;
- each reel contains p symbols; this is actually a convention: if a
symbol does not appear on a reel, we could simply take its
distribution on that reel as being zero.
Given a specific symbol Si' the probability of Si occurring on a

j
reel after a spin is q, = ~ in case A and q/ =~ in case B, where j

t tj
is the number of that reel. Probabilities qi' respectively q/ are

called basic probabilities in slots.
For an event E related to a line of length n, the general formula of
the probability of E is:
96
peE) = F(E) in case A and peE) = F(E) in case B, (1)
tn n
ITt)
j =1
where F(E) is the number of combinations of stops favorable for the

event E to occur.
Note that F(E) was expressed for various types of events E in the
chapter Combinations, where it was denoted by NA or N 8 ·
F or an event E expressed through the number of instances of
each symbol on a payline in case A, formula (1) is equivalent to:
peE ) = n! ql l ( q2)a2 ... ( qp)a p
()a (2)
a l !a2 !···a p !
where a1 is the number of instances of 8 1 ' and so on, a p is the
number of instances of 8 p (a l + a2 + ... + a p = n).
Formula (2) expresses the probability in a polynomial field, and it
is denoted by Pen; a p a 2 , ••• ,a p ). This formula should be used when
the winning event is defined through an exact distribution of all
symbols on the payline.
Example:
On a classical slot machine with three reels, one payline, 20 stops
on each reel, and also 20 symbols, what is the probability of 2
symbols 8, and 1 symbol 82 occurring on the pay line after the
spin?
We have n = 3, t = P = 20, so c1 = c2 = ... = c20 = 1.
We take a l = 2, a 2 = 1, a3 = a4 = ... = a20 = 0 and we have a
winning event described through the exact distribution of all
°°
symbols on the payline, since 2 + 1 + + + ... + 0 = 3. Therefore,
we can apply formula (2) and find:
3!
P(3; 2,1,0,0, ... ,0) = - ( qJ (q2)
2 1
2!·1!
We have q, = q2 = _1_ and replacing back in the above formula
20
we obtain P(3; 2,1,0,0, ... ,0) =~.~ = 0.000375 = 0.0375%.
2!·1! 20
97
Generally, if t = p (the case of the first classical slot machines),
I
then qi = - and formula (2) becomes:
t
n!
Pen; a"a 2 , ••• ,a p ) = (3)
p na, !a 2 !. .. a p !
For n = 3 and a winning event defined through one or two
symbols (SI and S2) filling the payline, formula (3) returns the
following tables of values, each one corresponding to a given value
ofp:
p= 18
al 0 1 2 3
G2
0 - - - 0.000171
1 - - 0.000514 -
2 - 0.000514 - -
3 0.000171 - - -
p= 19
G1 0 1 2 3
G2
0 - - - 0.000146
I - - 0.000437 -
2 - 0.000437 - -
3 0.000146 - - -
p= 20
G1 0 I 2 3
G2
0 - - - 0.000125
I - - 0.000375 -
2 - 0.000375 - -
3 0.000125 - - -
98
p= 21
a1 0 1 2 3
a2
0 - - - 0.000108
1 - - 0.000324 -
2 - 0.000324 - -
3 0.000108 - - -
p= 22
a1 0 1 2 3
a2
0 - - - 0.000093
I - - 0.000282 -
2 - 0.000282 - -
3 0.000093 - - -
p= 23
a1 0 1 2 3
a2
0 - - - 0.000082
1 - - 0.000247 -
2 - 0.000247 - -
3 0.000082 - - -
Example of using the tables:

On a classical fruit slot machine with three reels, one payline, 22
stops on each reel, and also 22 symbols, what is the probability of 2
melons and 1 plum occurring on the pay line after the spin? How
about 3 melons?
For a1 = 2 melons and a 2 = 1 plum, we look in the table
p = 22, at the intersection of column a1 = 2 with row a2 =1 and
find the probability 0.000437 = 0.0437%.
For a l = 3 melons (implicitly a2 = 0 plums), we look in the table
p = 22, at the intersection of column a l = 3 with row a 2 = 0 and
find the probability 0.000093 = 0.0093%.
99
As we have seen, formula (2) can be directly applied for winning
events defined through the distribution of all symbols on the
payline, in case A, as in the previous two examples. These are
simple events. How do we deal then with other types of events, like
complex events of type 2, for example? For these events, we must
apply the general formula (1) , which reverts to counting the number
of favorable combinations of stops F(E), or, for particular situations,
apply formula (2) several times and add the results.
For particular types of events, formulas of F(E) were provided in
chapter Combinations and should be used in the probability
calculus.
Example:
On the same slot machine as in previous example (with three
reels, one pay line, 22 stops on each reel and also 22 symbols), what
is the probability of exactly 2 cherries occurring on the payline after
the spin?
Since we are given only the distribution of one symbol (S = 0)
on the payline (one stop remains not filled that could be filled with
any symbol except cherry - that is we have the combinations
cO x) as the winning event), we cannot directly apply formula
(2). The favorable combinations for the winning event to occur are
of the type exactly two instances of S, which is the subject of section
1.2 from the Combinations chapter.
Therefore, F(E) is NA as per its formula presented in that
section: F(E) = n cn2-1) (C S)2(t - Cs r-

2• Replacing the given
3·2
values, we find F(E) = - .1 2 (22 _1)3-2 = 63. Now we can
2
compute the probability of E, as:
peE) = F(E) = 633 =0.00591 = 0.591 %.
tn 22
Another method of solving this ~lication is to use formula (2)

several times. The winning event ( x) can be written as an
union of the events ( ), ( ), and so on, with all
remaining symbols (except cherry) on the place ofx. Since these 21
events are mutually exclusive (we cannot have a 3-size combination
100
holding two cherries and another two symbols), then the probability
of their union (which is event E) is the sum of their probabilities.
In our particular situation, all 21 events composing the union
have the same probability pI, which is given by formula (3) for two
symbols distributed over the payline, with a l = 2 and a 2 =1 (this
result is in the table p = 22): P' = 0.000282.
Then, peE) = 2IP' = 0.00592 = 0.592%. (The slight difference in
the last decimal digit of the two results obtained through the two
methods comes from the fact that that table holds approximated
values (with a limited number of decimals), and the associated error
range is amplified with the multiplication we performed.)
Formula (2) is a calculus tool in case A for the slot machines

having the same distribution of symbols on their reels. Still in case
A, the general formula (1) can be applied, where the calculation
reverts to computing the number of favorable combinations of stops
F(E).
Case A allows the particularization of the formulas in order to
generate two-dimensional tables of probability values, by reducing
the number of variables through fixing some of them (as we did with
formula (3)). However, there are plenty of situations (types of
machines and types of winning events) even from case A for which
such reduction is not possible; in such situations, we have no choice
but to do a direct computation by replacing the given parameters in
the formulas, and for some applications the use of computational
software is really needed.
In case B, the number of variables is even larger and only some
very particular situations allow the generation of tables of values
from the general formulas. Moreover, most of the formulas from
case B would be too overloaded, due to the same large number of
variables and number of terms of sums and factors of products. This
is why we stay with general formula (1) for case B, namely
peE) = ~,(E) .
TIt}
J= I
For particular types of events E, formulas of F(E) (as numbers

N B ) were provided in the Combinations chapter and we can observe
there the same overloading of their expressions. In conclusion, for
101
applying the general formulas of case B, mathematical software is
needed.
I take here one particular type of events for which I present its
probability formula in terms of basic probabilities (as I did in
formula (2)), namely the events expressed through a number of
instances of one symbol (corresponding to section Exactly m
instances ofS in the Combinations chapter). If E is the event exactly
m instances ofS (m ~ n ), then:
P( E) = I II,..
\:5il <i2<.. o<ilfl$n }e {iJ h ·,im }
q~ II (1 - q~ )
I 5:.k 5:.n
(4)
k:ti1 h.·· ·,im
Of course, q~ and q~ are the basic probabilities (the probability

of symbol S occurring on reel number j, respectively k) .
Observe the semblance of formula (4) with the formula of N B in
section Exactly m instances ofS in the Combinations chapter (as
exercise, deduce formula (4) from that formula).
Formula (4) also expresses the probability in a Poisson binomial
field. This formula should be used when the winning event is
defined through an exact distribution of one symbol on the payline.
The expression of formula (4) holds C;' terms of the sum and
each term holds men - m) factors of the two products.
For just n = 5 and m = 3, that is 10 terms of the sum of6 factors
each. That would be 50 multiplications and 10 additions to operate,
not to mention the unfolding by enumerating the combinations of
indexes. And this is just the simplest type of winning event to
consider!
Regarding the number of variables, the lowest corresponds to an
event defined through one symbol, on a payline oflength 3: we have
in this case tp t2 , t3 , then the distributions ofthe symbol c1, c~ , c~,
totaling 6 variables. From this minimum, it is obvious that we
cannot generate two-dimensional tables of values from such
formulas, except when particularizing them very tightly. (In the
minimum example, we have to reduce by 4 the number of
variables!) Therefore, mathematical software for doing the
calculations when inputting all given parameters is certainly needed
in case B.
102
Example:
What is the probability of four oranges occurring on a payline of
length 5 at a fruit slot machine with the following parameters: 40,
40,50, 50, and 60 stops on the five reels respectively; 3, 2, 2, 2, and
3 oranges distributed on the five reels respectively?
We have S = , n = 5, and event E = exactly four instances of

S. We are given tl = 40, t2 = 40, t3 = 50, t4 = 50, ts = 60 and
c~ =3, c~ =2, c~ =2,c~ =2, c~ =3 .
Then, we find:
q~ = 3 / 40, q~ = 2 / 40, q~ = 2 / 40, q~ = 2 / 50, q~ = 3 / 60
Now we can apply formula (4) directly. For the sum, we have to
take all 4-size combinations of indexes from the 5, numbering 5.
Within each term, we have to factor all q-probabilities
corresponding to the chosen 4 indexes and (1 - q) for the rest of the
indexes (actually, one index):
1 2 3 4 (1
peE) =qsqsqsqs 1 2 3 5 (1 1 2 4 5 (1
- qs5 ) + qsqsqsqs - qs4 ) + qsqsqsqs - qs3 ) +
1 3 4 5 (1 2 3 4 5 (1
+qsqsqsqs - qs2 ) + qsqsqsqs - qs1 ) =
3 2 2 . _2 ._
=_._._ 57 +3- . 2- .- 2 .- 3 .-+_._._._._+
48 3 2 2 3 48
40 40 50 50 60 40 40 50 60 50 40 40 50 60 50
3 2 2 3 38 2 2 ._._._=
+_._._._._+_._ 2 3 37 7,440 =
40 50 50 60 40 40 50 50 60 40 240, 000, 000
= 0.0000031 = 0.00031 % .
We would obtain the same result if we computed NB as per its
formula presented in the section Exactly m instances ofS of chapter
Combinations, for m = 4, then took F(E) = N B and replaced in the
general formula (1) for case B, namely peE) = ~(E) .

TIt)
)=1
103
Example:
What is the probability of any triple (three identical symbols)
occurring on a payline of length 5 at a slot machine with the
following parameters: 30 symbols; 56, 56, 56, 56, and 86 stops on
the five reels respectively; four of the symbols each has the
distribution 1, 1, 1, 1, and 2 on the five reels respectively and each
of the rest of26 symbols has the distribution 2, 2, 2, 2, and 3 on the
five reels respectively?
We have: p = 30, n = 5, tl = 56, t2 = 56, t3 = 56, t4 = 56, ts = 86.

Denote by SI through S4 the four symbols having the distributions:
CI
I
= C2I = C1
3 = C4 = , C I = C2 = C3 = C4 = , C1 = C 2 = C3 = C4 = ,
11 2222 1 3333 1
C I = C2 = C3 = C4 = , C I = C2 = C3 = C4 =
44441 55 55 2 .
For any symbol S from the rest of26, we have:
= Cs2
=3Cs = C s = 2, Css = 3 .
1 4
Cs
The winning event E whose probability is sought is not expressed

though the distribution of one symbol on the payline, but more (any
triple of symbols, involving all 30 symbols). This is why formula (4)
cannot be applied directly.
Let us first solve this exercise by using formula (1) and the
number of favorable combinations F(E).
The current situation fits in section 4.2.1 in the chapter
30
Combinations, so we have F(E) = NB(3) = IN%' (3).
;=1
First, let us calculate N %' (3) . According to the formula from

section 1.3 of the same Combinations chapter, we get:
N %' (3) = I
IS /<}<kSS
c;c(c; II (tq
ISqSS
-cn =
q,t; ,j,k
= C IICI2C 13 ( t4 - C I4 )( ts - C Is) + C IIC I2 C I4 ( t3 - C I3 )( ts - C IS) +
+CIIC~C( (t3 - C~)(t4 - C~) + CIIC;C~ (t2 - c~)(ts - C() +

+C:CI3C~(t2 - CI2)(t4 - ct) + CIIC~Cls (t2 - CI2)(t3 - C:) +
+C I2C I3C I4 ( tl - C II )( ts - C Is) + C I2C I3C IS ( tl - C I1)( t4 - C I4) +
+C~C~C( (tl-C:)(t3 -C~)+C~C~C((tl -C II)(t2 -c~) .
104
Replacing the given parameters and doing calculations, we
obtain:
N:l (3) =1·1 ·1· (56 -1)(86 - 2) + 1·1·1· (56 -1)(86 - 2) +
+ 1·1· 2· (56 -1)(56 -1) + 1·1·1· (56 -1)(86 - 2) +
+ 1·1· 2· (56 -1)(56 -1) + 1·1· 2 · (56 -1)(56 -1) +
+ 1·1·1 · (56 -1)(86 - 2) + 1·1· 2· (56 -1)(56 -1) +
+ 1·1· 2· (56 -1)(56 -1) + 1·1· 2· (56 -1)(56 -1) = 54, 780.
This number of combinations holds for any of the symbols S,
through S4 ' since they have the same distribution on the reels.
Let us calculate now N; (3) for a symbol S of the 26 symbols
from S 5 through S 30 ' by using the same formula from section 4.2.1
in chapter Combinations (the same number holds for any of them,
since they have the same distribution on the reels).
N; (3) = I c~cic~ II (tq - c1 ) =
'~i<j<k~5 '~q~5
q*' ,j ,k
=C~C~C~ (t4 - c; )(ts - c~ ) + C~C~ C; (t3 - C~ )(t5 - c~ ) +

+C~C,~ C~ (t3 - C~)(t4 - c,~ )+C~C~C;(t2 -C~ )(t5 -c~ )+
+C~ C~ C~ (t2 -C~ )(t4 - C;)+C~C;C~(t2 -C~ )(t3 -c~ )+
+c~c~ c; (t, -C~ )(t5 -c~ )+c~ c~c~(t, -C~)(t4 -c~ )+
+c~c;c~ (t, -C~)(t3 -c~ )+c~c;c~ (t, -C~ )(t2 -c~ ).
Replacing the given parameters and doing calculations, we
obtain:
N;(3) = 2·2·2· (56- 2)(86- 3) + 2 · 2·2· (56 -2)(86-3) +
+2·2·3 · (56 - 2)(56 - 2) + 2·2 · 2 · (56 - 2)(86 - 3) +
+2 ·2· 3· (56 -2)(56-2)+2·2·3· (56-2)(56-2) +
+2·2·2· (56 - 2)(86 - 3) + 2·2·3 · (56 - 2)(56 - 2) +
+2 ·2·3· (56 - 2)(56 - 2) + 2·2·3 · (56 - 2)(56 - 2) = 353,376.
At this point, we are able to compute the 30-term sum
representing F(E):
F(E) = 4·54, 780 + 26 · 353,376 = 9,406,896.
105
Then, peE) = ~(E) = 9,406,896 = 0.01112 =1.112%.
IT t) 56·56·56 · 56·86
)= 1
Another way of solving this exercise is to use formula (4) for

each symbol and add the partial results. We are allowed to do that
because the events Ei = "a triple of Si ", i from I to 30, are mutually
exclusive (we cannot have a 5-size combination holding two triples
30
of two distinct symbols). Therefore, E = UEi and
i=1
30
peE) = ~P(Ei). We have to calculate first the basic probabilities
i=1
q;,which will take only two values - one for the symbols S1
I
through S4 and one for the symbols S 5 through S 30 - then replace

them in formula (4), so actually we apply formula (4) two times and
multiply the results by 4, respectively 26.
We leave this calculation as an exercise to be performed by the
reader.
The formulas (1), (2), (3), and (4) presented in this section are the
general formulas for calculating the probability of the common
winning events on one payline.
The payline for which they are applied can be of any type
(horizontal, vertical, triangular, trapezoidal, zigzag, etc.), as long as
the assumption of the independency of its stops I stated for this
probability calculus is met at that machine.
The formulas can be used directly for simple events or along with
other properties of probability for complex events of type 1. For
more complex events (of type 2 or 3), approximations are also
needed beside these properties, for ease of calculations and for being
able to offer probability results with large coverage and as Iowa
number of variables involved as possible.
We shall talk about the probabilities of these complex events in
the next section.
106
The probabilities of the winning events related to
several lines
Since most slot machines are designed for displaying several

paylines, players (and also game producers) will be interested in
knowing the probability of winning with a certain type of
combination (or more) not only on one specific payline, but on any
of several or one or more of several or at least one of the pay lines.
Such probabilities are overall probabilities of winning that
represent information that quantifies the real risk better than the
probabilities of winning on each payline.
The probabilities of winning on one payline - discussed in the
previous section - are essential for the probability calculus for
events related to several lines and will be used extensively along
with other properties of probability.
But first let us talk in more depth about the events that will be
measured - the occurrences of the various types of combinations of
symbols on one or more of several paylines - and relate them to the
configuration of the lines, which is crucial for the probability
calculus.
Winning events related to several lines
All the probability fields we deal with in slots are based on fields
of events consisting of sets of combinations of stops holding
symbols in various combinations. The Boolean operations union and
intersection on these sets revert respectively to the common or
(disjunction) and and (conjunction) operations between events. This
means that any event of any complexity can be expressed through
events of lower complexities operated between them with union and
intersection, down to the elementary events.
Of course, this structure of a complex event is crucial in
calculating the probability of that event by using the properties of
pro bability.
In particular, any complex event of type 2 or 3 is a union of
simple events or complex events of type 1, as follows:
Let C be a winning combination or type of combinations of
symbols and the events E\ - occurrence of C on line ~ ,
107
E2 - occurrence of C on line L\ , and so on, E/II - occurrence of C on
line L/II . Then, event E - occurrence of C on one or more of
(equivalent to at least one of or any oj) the lines L\ through L",
(which is a complex event of type 2 or 3) can be written as an union
of events that are simple events or complex events of type 1, namely
'"
E=E\ uE2 u ... uEm=UEi •
,=1
When estimating the probability peE), calculations will use
probabilities peE;) , which will be operated by the rules given by
the properties of probability.
We call two lines independent if they do not contain stops of the

same reel. This, of course, means that the outcome on one line does
not depend on the outcome of the other and vice versa.
Two lines that are not independent will be called non-
independent. For two non-independent lines, the outcome of one is
influenced (partially or totally) by the outcome of the other.
This definition can be extended to several lines em), as follows:
We call m lines independent if every pair of lines from them are
independent.
From probabilistic point of view, any two or more events each
related to a line from a group of independent lines are independent,
in the sense of the definition of independence of events from
probability theory. That is, if E, is an event related to line Li' i from
1 to m, and lines L\ , L2 , ••• , Lm are independent, then:
P( QE,) = P (E, n E, n ... n Em) = P ( E, ) P ( E, ) ... P ( Em)
In the next figures showing some display configurations, you can

see examples of independent and non-independent lines. The
rectangles bounding the dots (spots/stops) of the grid represent the
parts of the reels showing on the display.
108
Figure 24. Independent and non-independent lines in a 3 x 3-display
of a 9-reel slot machine
In figure 24 we have a 3 x 3- display configuration of a slot

machine with 9 independent reels. Lines ~ and L3 are independent,
while ~ and L2 , as well as L2 and L3 are non-independent (for the
last two pairs, the lines have a stop in common).
Figure 25. Non-independent lines in a 4 x 5-display

of a 5-reel slot machine
In figure 25 we have a 4 x 5-display configuration of a slot

machine with 5 independent reels. Lines L, and ~, ~ and L3 ,
L2 and L3, and therefore L" L2 , and ~,are non-independent,
since within each of the mentioned groups we have stops of the
same reel on different lines. In such configuration, there is no group
of independent lines, regardless the shape or other properties of the
lines.
109
An immediate consequence of the definition of independent lines
is that if two lines intersect each other (that is, they share common
stops), they are non-independent, so any group oflines containing
them will be non-independent.
Another consequence is that if two lines are independent, they do
not intersect each other.
If two lines do not intersect each other, they are not necessarily
independent. For instance, take lines LI and L2 in the example of
figure 25 . On the contrary, lines LI and L3 not intersecting each
other in the example of figure 24 are independent.
As I said, on two non-independent lines, the outcome of one
depends on the outcome of the other. However, this mutual
influence is different for the two types of non-independence I
outlined in previous examples - lines for which the shared stops are
the only stops belonging to the same reels (figure 24) and lines
(intersecting or non-intersecting) for which there are non-shared
stops belonging to the same reels (in figure 25, non-intersecting).
For the former, we know that the lines share some stops (in figure
24 one stop, but there could be more than one) that will influence
the outcome of one from another by preserving a certain sequence of
combinations of symbols as part of the outcomes. This is why any
probability of a union of two events, one related to the first line and
the other to the second, is entirely computable given the general
parameters we assumed thus far as hypothesis in this work. For the
latter, the way the outcome on one line influences the outcome on
the other is directly related to the arrangements of the symbols on
the reels, not only to their distributions. Such information was not
part of our probability models because is hardly acquirable. While I
presented some statistical methods for estimating the distributions of
the symbols on the reels basing on long-run observation,
theoretically the arrangements can also be retrieved through similar
methods for some machines (those displaying at least two stops of
each reel), but practically speaking, that is impossible due to the
huge base of records needed. Since we cannot use this information
to build a proper probability field, the probability of a union of
events related to such lines is not computable. I shall call these non-
independent lines for which there are non-shared stops belonging to
the same reels as linked lines.
110
Still for this latter situation, we must be circumspect with the
"increase" in chances of winning when enabling several such
paylines, as it is hard to believe that the game producer makes the
symbol arrangements on the reels so that the player can get several
winning combinations at once, one on a payline.
All the theoretical framework of this section stands regardless of
the length of the lines - the definition of independence of the lines is
stated for any length of the lines of the group, and so the
consequences remain the same. The only things that change with the
length of the lines are the probability calculations for events related
to those lines.
The inclusion-exclusion principle for probabilities
For any two events Al and A2 ofthe same field of events, the
probabilities of their union and of their intersection are related
through the following property:
peAl uA 2 ) = P(A])+P(A 2 )-P(A] nA2 ) or, else stated: (5)
peAl or A2 ) = peAl) + P( ~ ) - peAl and ~)
The generalization of (5) is the following property:
n
pe Al u A 2 u .. . uAn)= Ip(AJ- Ip(A i nA) +
1=] j< i
I<j<k
Property 6 is called the inclusion-exclusion principle and is the

main tool for computing the probability of a union of events. It is
applied as follows:
We consider successively all 2-size combinations, 3-size
combinations, and so on through n-size combinations of the n events
(we have a single n-size combination). We add together all
probabilities of the n events and note down this sum (the first sum
showing in formula (6)). We add the probabilities of the
intersections of the same size and note down these partial results
(the next sums shown respectively in formula (6)). For the groups of
intersections having an even number as a dimension, the
corresponding sum is added with minus (subtraction) and for those
with an uneven number as a dimension, the corresponding sum is
added with plus (addition).
111
Observe that if we assume the events are mutually exclusive, then
all intersections shown in relations (5) and (6) become empty;
therefore, their probabilities become null and the formulas revert to
the rule "the probability of an union of events is the sum of the
probabilities of those events."
If some events are not mutually exclusive (there are common
elementary events for at least two of them), we are no longer
allowed to add together their probabilities in order to find the
probability of their union, which is calculable by using the
inclusion-exclusion principle.
The slots events related to several lines are generally not
exclusive, so formula (6) should be applied in its general form.
It is important not to confuse the intersection of lines (in
topological sense) with the intersection of events related to those
lines (in probabilistic sense). Even though two lines do not intersect
each other, two events defined on these lines might intersect each
other (with operator and).
Example:
On a 12-reel slot machine with a 4 x 3 display and the same
distribution of symbols on the reels, a winning combination of
symbols C has the probability 0.015 of occurring on a payline of
length 3. What is the probability of C occurring on at least one of the
four horizontal lines?
Let Li (i from 1 to 4) be the four horizontal lines and let Ai be
the event "Combination C occurs on line Li". Lines Li are
independent and thus the events Ai are also independent. Let us
compute the partial sums from formula (6).
4
LP(AJ = 4·0.015 = 0.06.
i=1
We have C; =6 of 2-size combinations of events Ai' and

therefore, 6 intersections of two events Ai (A n A2 , AI n A3,
AI n A4 , A2 n A3, ~ n A4 , A3 n A4 ). Since any two events are
independent, the probability of their intersection is the product of the
probabilities of those events:
pe A; n Aj ) = P(AJP(A j ) = 0.015 · 0.015 = 0.000225 , for every
112
1 ::; i < j ::; 4 . Hence the second sum from formula (6) is
6·0.000225 = 0.00135 .
We have C; =4 of 3-size combinations of events A;, and
therefore, 4 intersections of three events A; (AI (\ ~ (\ A3,
AI (\ A2 (\ A4 , AI (\ A3(\ A4, ~ (\ A3(\ A4)· Since any three events
are independent, the probability of their intersection is the product of
the probabilities of those events:
peA; (\ Aj (\ Ak) = P(AJP(A) P(Ak) = 0.015 ·0.015·0.015 =
0.000003375, for every 1::; i < j < k ::; 4. Hence the third sum from
formula (6) is 4 · 0.000003375 = 0.0000135.
We have C:
= 1 of 4-size combinations of events A;, and
therefore, 1 intersection of four events A; (AI (\ A2 (\ A3(\ A4).
Since the four events are independent, the probability of their
intersection is the product of the probabilities of those events:
pe A; (\ Aj (\ Ak (\ A,) = P(A;)P(A) P(Ak)P(A,) =
0.015·0.015 · 0.015 · 0.015 = 0.000000050625 , for
1 ~ i < j < k < I ~ 4. Hence the fourth (the last) sum from formula
(6) is 0.0000050625 .
Now we can operate all these partial results, by obeying the rule
of the signs in inclusion-exclusion principle:
P( QA, ) = 0.06 - 0.00135 + 0.0000135 - 0.000000050625 =
= 0.05866344 = 5.866%.
If in our example the reels had different distributions of symbols

(case B), we would have had to compute the probability of each
intersection in part and add them together for each partial sum.
While we were in case A, the multiplication saved us from this extra
effort.
As we can see, for applying the inclusion-exclusion principle, we
need the probabilities of the events composing the union, which are
probabilities of events related to one line and can be computed as
per the formulas of the subchapter The general formulas of the
probability of the winning events related to one payline, and the
probabilities of their intersections. If the lines on which we defined
the events are independent, the probability of any intersection can be
113
computed simply as the product of the probabilities of the events
intersecting, as was the case in the previous example. If at least two
of the lines are not independent, we can no longer multiply the
probabilities and we must compute the probability of the intersection
in a different probability field, which is harder work, especially due
to the significant increase in size of the combinations representing
the new elementary events. Such direct computation can be avoided
through the use of the approximations.
Approximations
In calculus, approximations are justified when the methods of

approximating used provide approximations accurate enough for the
proposed goal. The main reason for appealing to approximations
could be that the volume of work for a direct computation is too
high, the exact computation is impossible due to lack of information,
or the application of the theory leads to overloaded expressions and
formulas requiring software for a safe calculation.
In the probability calculus of gambling, approximations are
useful and justified in every application where direct computation
poses problems requiring extra time, resources, and effort. The
justification comes from the fact that the goal of providing
numerical probability results for the various gaming situations is not
exclusively informative. These numerical results are evaluated and
weighted by players as a measure for risk and criteria for gaming
decisions, so they are related to subjective
ranges rather than used as exact values.
In other words, we do not need to know the exact numerical
value of a probability, but how high is it or whether it is higher or
lower than the probabilities of other events to which we relate it. For
example, in Hold' em Poker, if you achieve a valuable card
formation by river, you will be interested in how high the
probability is that at least one opponent has achieved a higher card
formation, and it is not the same for you if this probability is over
60% or under 20% - if it is over 70%, for instance, you might fold.
Or, at lottery, it might be the same for you if the overall probability
of winning with a ticket holding several lines is 1.2% or 1.3%.
114
Each personal probability-based strategy holds a threshold of
afforded risk. This threshold is an average probability to which each
player refers when making decisions on hislher next action and is
the level of the probability of failure with which the player is
comfortable staying in the game. A general criterion using the
threshold of afforded risk in a gaming strategy would be: "If the
odds of failing (getting beaten by opponents, or busted, or losing the
bet against the house, etc.) at moment t are higher thanp, then I will
not stay in the game."
The threshold of afforded risk is p and the value of p is different
for each player and even can change several times during a game,
for the same player. Since p is so relative, its range is quite large.
The relativity of the threshold of afforded risk and the fact that
choosing it is a subjective action help us in our endeavor of
approximating and evaluating the probabilities. That is because the
error ranges coming from such approximations will be covered by
the differences between the fluctuating values of the threshold of
afforded risk.
Usually an error range of maximum ±0.02 (2% probability) is
satisfactory for any odds approximation in some games of chance,
with respect to the commonly used thresholds of afforded risk. Any
approximation whose error range falls within this interval would be
considered accurate enough for use in gaming actions in those
games.
In slots, the probabilities ofthe winning events on one line are
generally low to very low and therefore the probabilities oftheir
conjunctions (intersections) are even lower.
If we want to choose an example of a probability from the upper
edge, take for instance an old classical 3-reel machine with 22 stops
and 22 symbols on each reel. Then, the probability of a specific
symbol occurring twice on the three reels (a double) is
n(n-l)(cs )2(t-c s y-2 3.2.1 2 (22-1)' -0290/ (S . 12
2tn = 2.22 3 -. 10. ee sectIOn .
Exactly two instances of S in the Combinations chapter and formula
(1) for this application.) If any double is winning (which is not the
case for all such machines), the probability of winning with any
double comes to 2.9%, say 3%. This would be a maximal
probability of winning, in practice, on a payline of length 3.
115
Now imagine a multiline machine with the same parameters for
each reel. For two independent lines of length 3, the probability of
winning with any double on both lines would be 3% x 3% = 0.0009
= 0.09%. For lines with a length higher than 3, the winning rules
usually require more than 2 identical symbols. Also in such cases,
we come to winning probabilities under 3% for a line.
Since in practice the machines have more than 22 stops on their
reels (nowadays they have hundreds) and more symbols, we can
draw the conclusion that any conjunction of winning events (on
several lines) has a probability under 0.09%. This value is low
enough to make a raw approximation of the probability of an union
of winning events as the sum of the probabilities of these events
(ignoring the probabilities of their intersections). That is:
P(AI U A2 ) = P(A I ) + P(A2 ) - P(AI n A2 ) ~ P(AI) + P(~) for
two events and in general (for n events)
n
P(AI uA 2 u ... uAn) = LP(AJ- LP(A, nA j )+
;=1 j<;
'<j<k
;= 1
Since the maximal value of3% of the winning probability (for

which the error range of ±0.02 is unsatisfactory for any odds
approximations in slots) was obtained under hypotheses derived
fTom practice (the particular case of a machine with possibly the
lowest number of stops ever, common winning rules that might be
also subject to change in the future) and also for the sake of
generality (for the results I present to be applied not only to winning
events, but to a broader range of slots events), I shall present two
methods of approximation that provide results more accurate than
the raw approximation mentioned earlier (of ignoring the
probabilities of the intersections).
In slots probability applications, approximations would be
necessary in two situations: when applying the inclusion-exclusion
principle and when estimating the probability of an intersection
(conjunction) of events.
Since the main part of formula (6) consists of probabilities of
intersections, I shall start with them.
116
Approximating the probability of a conjunction of slots
events
Formally, if A, is the event "occurrence of combination C on

line Li ", we need a method of approximating P ( AI n A2 ) , or in
general P ( AI n A2 n ... n An) , as a function of
P(At), P( A2 ) , •• • , P( ~ ) and other parameters.
Obviously, such a method is necessary for the situation in which
the lines L, are non-independent, as otherwise the probability of the
intersection of events Ai would be the product of their probabilities.
The lines Li are assumed to be intersecting lines with the shared
stops as the only stops belonging to the same reels, as we found that
for the other type of non-independent lines (linked lines) the
probability of the conjunction is not computable due to the lack of
information regarding the symbol arrangements on the reels.
The approximation method I present in this section is linear and
based on the fact that the probability of the conjunction of two
events AI and ~ increases with the number of shared stops of the
two lines LI and ~ . For finding two bounds for this probability, we
take hypothetically the trivial case where the two lines share no
stops, and therefore they are independent, and the trivial case where
they share the maximal number of stops, namely min(l(~) , I(L2)) '
so one (the shortest) is included in the other. Of course, these cases
do not exist, as we work out here the probability of a conjunction of
events on two lines intersecting each other and not separated
(independent) or overlapped. Such cases were considered just
theoretically, for finding two bounds of the value that is subject to
approximation.
Let PI = P( AI) and P2 = P( A2) and let m be the number of the
stops shared between lines ~ and ~ (0::; m ::; min (ILl I,IL 1)).
2
In the hypothetical case where m = 0, the probability of the

conjunction is P (AI n A2) = PIP2, as AI and A2 are independent.
This relation holds in either case A or B (the symbols have the same
117
distribution or not on the reels). Hence P]P2 is the left-side bound of
the approximated probability of the conjunction.
In the hypothetical case where m = min(IL]I , IL2 1) , we have that
one line is included in the other. Assume 1.. c L2, so L] is the
shortest (m = IL]I). Then ~ implies A] and thus ~ c A] and
P (A] n ~ ) = P ( ~ ) = P2 . Hence the right-side bound of the
approximated probability of the conjunction is the probability of the
event related to the longest line (which is max(pl' P2) in case A). In
this hypothetical case where the two lines overlap, it does not matter
whether we are in case A or B, as we deal with the same stops;
therefore, we can take max(pl' P2) as the right-side bound.
Thus, we obtained the following bounds for P (A] n ~) :
P]P2 < P(A] n~) < max (PI' P2)

Now we are able to apply the linear approximation, by
considering parameter m:
If for m = 0 we have P(A] nA2 ) = P]P2 and for
m = min(IL]I , IL2 1) we have P(A, n ~) =max(p" P2)' then in

general, if the two lines share m stops:
(
P A] n A2 - P]P2 +
)_ m[ max(p], P2) - P]P2]
. (I 1.. I, IL2 I) (7)
mm
Observe that in the particular case A with two lines of the same
length I, we have p] = P2 = P and formula (7) is written as:
m(p- p 2)
P (A] n A2) ::::: p 2 + (8)
1
All previous results can be generalized from 2 to n lines sharing

m stops (any two lines share the same m stops) and the relation
giving the approximation of the conjunction of the events becomes:
J" m[max(p,L-,; -Up,]

P (
nA;
n
1=]
: : : II Pi +
1=]
.)
mm(ILil i=],n
(9)
]]8
In the particular case A with n lines of the same length 1, formula
(9) becomes:
P(OA,J~ p"+ m(p; p") (10)
We also have the case where the lines of the group do not share
the same stops and any two lines share different numbers of stops.
Let m ij be the number of the stops shared by lines Li and Lj' with
1 ~ i < j ~ n . Of course, we have C~ numbers mij and
o~ m ij ~ min(ILkl)k=I,n. In this case, we have a similar
approximation given through a formula similar to (9), where m is
replaced by the arithmetic mean of numbers mij :
p(
n J n
n Ak : : ITPk+
2 I
ISi<JSn
mij [max (Pk)k=f1; - ITPk]
• k= 1 (11)
k=1 k= 1 n(n-l)mm(ILkl)k=l,n
In the particular case A with n lines of the same length I, formula
(11) becomes:
(12)
The approximating method presented in this section is called the

overlapping method. As one can see, the parameters needed for the
application of the formula of approximation are: the probabilities of
the gi ven (type of) combination of symbols on each of the lines
participating at the conjunction, the number of shared stops, and the
length of the shortest line.
The approximations of the conjunctions of the events on several
lines are needed for the application of the inclusion-exclusion
principle, through which the probability of their disjunction (union)
is estimated.
119
Examples of application:
1. Approximate the probability ofthe same combination of

symbols C occurring simultaneously on the two lines of a 12-reel
slot machine, as in the next figure, given that the probability of C
occurring on line LI is 0.0087 and on line L2 is 0.0095:
The two events in conjunction are:

AI - occurrence of C on line LI
A2 - occurrence of C on line ~
We want to approximate P(AI (\ A2) by the method explained in

this section.
I
The two lines share m = 1 stop and have the lengths ILl = 3 and
IL21= 4. We are given PI = 0.0087
and P2 = 0.0095 .
We have now all parameters needed for applying formula (7):
m [ max (Pi' P2) - P1P2]
P (AI (\ A2) ::::: PIP2+ . (I I I I)
mm L1 , L2
= 0.0087·0.0095 +
+ 1(0.0095 - 0.0087 . 0.0095) = 0.00322 .
3
If we continue with finding the probability of combination C
occurring on at least one of lines Ll and L2 , we must apply formula
(5), by using the previous result:
P(AI uA 2) = P(A j )+P(A2)-P(A j IlA 2):::::
::::: 0.0087 + 0.0095 - 0.00322::::: 0.01498
120
2. Approximate the probability of the same combination of
symbols C occurring simultaneously on the three lines of a 16-reel
slot machine, as in the next figure (one horizontal and two
trapezoidal transversal lines), given that the probability of C
occurring on line LI is 0.00043 , on line L2 is 0.00035 , and on line
L3 is 0.00021:
The three events in conjunction are:

AI - occurrence of C on line LI
A2 - occurrence of C on line L2
A3 - occurrence of C on line L3
We want to approximate P( AI n A2 n A3 ) by the method
explained in this section.
The three lines shares the same m = 2 stops and have the lengths
ILII =IL21=IL31=4. We are given PI =0.00043, P2 = 0.00035, and
P3 = 0.00021 .
We have now all parameters needed for applying formula (9) for
n = 3:
.0.00021 + 2(0.00043 - 0.00043·0.00035·0.00021) :::: 0.000215 .

4
121
If we continue with finding the probability of combination C
occurring on at least one of lines LI , L2 , and L3 , we must also
estimate P( AI n ~) , P( AI n A3 ) , and P( A2 n AJ before applying
formula (6), and this can be done by using the same approximating
method described in this section.
3. Consider again example 1 with the same data and the

trapezoidal line L3. If the probability of C occurring on line L3 is
0.0125 , approximate the probability of C occurring simultaneously
on the three lines ~ , L2' and L3 .
We are in the case where the lines share different numbers of

stops, as follows: m l 2 = 1, ml 3 = 0, m23 = 2. We apply formula (11):
J_IT 2 I mij[max(Pk)k=G - [Ipk]

P( nn
k= 1
Ak -
n
Pk+
k= 1
ISi<jSn
. -
n(n-l)mm(ILk lt=G
k=1 -
= 0.0087.0.0095.0.0125 + 2 · 3(0.0125 - 0.0087 · 0.0095·0.0125) =

3·2 · 3
= 0.00416735.
Once we are able to estimate the probability of any conjunction

of events related to several lines, we can apply the inclusion-
exclusion principle (formula (6» for estimating the probability of
any disjunction (union) of events. In tum, the result provided by
formula (6) can be subject to approximation, as we shall see in the
next section.
122
Approximating the probability of a disjunction of slots events
The sums of probabilities of intersections shown in the right-hand

member of formula (6) could have large numbers of terms (when the
machine has a large number of pay lines), or some of them could be
incomputable (I refer here to intersections of events on linked lines).
As an example for the numbers of terms, if the machine has 3
paylines, those sums from the right-hand member of formula (6) has
only 3 and 1 terms (totaling 4), for 5 paylines they have 10, 10, 5,
and 1 terms (totaling 26), but for a machine with 15 lines they have
105, 455 , 1365, 3003 , 5005, 6435, 6435, 5005 , 3003 , 1365, 455 ,
105, 15,1 (totaling 32,752)! This means that we need to compute
32,752 probabilities of conjunctions before directly applying
formula (6)! This is why a method of approximation is needed in
order for the application of the inclusion-exclusion principle to be
practicably workable.
The purpose of this method is to provide an estimation of the
probability of a union of events when we know the partial
probabilities, by using a mathematical approximation based on the
algebraic form of the inclusion-exclusion principle.
This approximation consists of a calculation/approximation for a
limited number of terms appearing in the right-hand member of the
formula (6), finding an interval for the exact probability, and then
narrowing this interval successively for a more accurate estimation.
AO approximation
An immediate consequence of formula (6) is the following
inequality:
P(A) '; P(QA,J,; tp(A,),for every j from 1 to n, which tells us

that the probability of the union is higher than each partial
probability and lower than their sum.
Then, by taking the maximum over the partial probabilities, we
find an approximation interval for the probability of the union:
IJ!e P(A) '; P(QA} tp(A,)

All that we know at this moment is that the probability of the
union is between the maximal partial probability and the sum of the
123
partial probabilities. Of course, this interval can be of any length,
depending on the particular situation in which the method is applied.
Sometimes, the approximation interval itself may be sufficient to
evaluate the probability of the union. For instance, if we found the
approximation interval to be (0.002, 0.003), we definitely can say
that the probability is tightly bounded and relevant, since the
extremes of the interval are so close to each other. However, if we
found the approximation interval as being (0.001 , 0.025), a more
accurate estimation is needed.
Many times we need a single value, not two, for a probability, in
order to complete further calculations that use it. An immediate
approximation of the searched value is to take the middle of the
approximation interval - in other words, the arithmetic mean of its
extremes.
In our examples, we could take (0.002 + 0.003)/2 = 0.25% and
(0.001 + 0.025 )12 = 1.3% respectively, as approximations for the
probability of the union.
Generally, we could approximate the probability of the union
through the formula:
n
P( UA;J: : ~axP(A) + Ip(A;)

n
i- I , n ;=1
(13)
;=1 2
Obviously, such approximation is the roughest possible and may
not be satisfactory if the length of the approximation interval is
great.
This type of approximation is designated as the AO type.
Example:
Estimate the probability of a combination C occurring on at least
one of four paylines, given that the probabilities of C occurring on
each line are 0.0057, 0.0064, 0.0075 , and 0.0098.
We have that the maximal partial probability is 0.0098 and the

sum of the partial probabilities is 0.023. Replacing them in formula
(11) of the approximation AO we get
P( U A;J:::: 0.0098+0.023 =1.64%.
;= 1 2
124
At, A2, A3 approximations
When the AO approximation interval is considered too large for
an accurate estimation and the given circumstances allow the easy
calculation of one or more of the next terms of formula (6), we can
use the following approximation algorithm for estimating the
probability of the union.
Formula (6) has the form:
p( ~ A; J=tp(A;)-',+ ') - '4+ ... + (-1)'", where numbers "

are positive amounts representing the sums of the probabilities of
2-size, 3-size, .. ., and n-size intersections of events A" respectively
(do not confuse these with the numbers of stops, also denoted with
t). Numbers t; are added in the formula with alternating signs,
minus for even i's and plus for uneven i's.
Owing to probability properties, we find that t2 ;? t3 ;? t4 ;? ... ;? tn .
1. If t2 is easily calculable and t3 to tn are not, once we
calculated t 2 , due to the inequality
t, P( A, ) -', ,; P (Q J,; t,
A, P( A,), we find an approximation
interval for the probability of the union, having as extremes the sum
of the partial probabilities minus t2 at left and the sum ofthe partial
probabilities at right.
We can continue by approximating the desired probability
through the arithmetic mean of the extremes of the approximation
interval:
(14)
This type of approximation is designated as the A 1 type.

2. If t2 and t3 are easily calculable and t4 to tn are not, and the
AO approximation interval is considered too large, we can narrow it
as follows: t,P(A;) - ', ,; p(QA,)'; t,P(A;) - ', +',.
125
Thus, the left-hand extreme of the approximation interval
remains the same as that of Al and the right-hand extreme gets
closer to it with t3'
Again, we can approximate the probability of the union through
the arithmetic mean of the new extremes:
p( ~A
n J"" ~P(A, )-
n
t2 +
t
~ (15)
This type of approximation is designated as the A2 type.

3. If t 2 ' t 3 , and t 4 are easily calculable and ts to tn are not, and
the AO and Al approximation intervals are considered as too large,
we can narrow them as follows:
t P( AJ - t2 + t 3 - t4 ::; P ( QA ) ::; t P( AJ - 12 + t 3
Thus, the right-hand extreme of the approximation interval

remains the same as of A2 and the left-hand extreme gets closer to it
with t4 .
Again, we can approximate the probability of the union through
the arithmetic mean of the new extremes:
P( ~ A
n J"" ~P(A;)- t2+t3- t~
n
(16)
This type of approximation is designated as the A3 type.
We can continue similarly with approximations A4 upward if we

are not satisfied with the approximation intervals we have found,
and if next terms ±( are easily calculable.
As we calculate more terms ±t" the approximation interval
narrows with i and we obtain a more accurate estimation with each
step.
For illustrating how these approximations work, see the next
diagram, where the numbers t j with their signs means the successive
operations performed upon the sum of the partial probabilities, and
10 , Ii' 12 , 13,14 are the approximation intervals corresponding to
each approximation.
126
•
max P(A, )
• • •
Figure 26. The narrowing of the approximation intenrals
in approximations of types AO, AI, A2, A3, A4
Example:
On a 25-reel slot machine with a 5 x 5 display and the same
distribution of symbols on the reels, estimate the probability of a
given combination C occurring on at least one of the transversal
horizontal, vertical, and oblique lines (totaling 12), given that the
probability of C occurring on a line is 0.0078.
In the next figure, the considered lines are denoted by ~ through

L1 2 , as shown:
ls . .1----41. .---4
19 _ --1
127
Lines Li have the same length, namely 5 points and the
probability of occurrence of C on any line is p = 0.0078.
Denoting by Ai the corresponding events, we first check the
intersections of these events:
We have C J22 = 66 intersections of size 2, C J32 = 220 intersections
of size 3, CJ~ = 495 intersections of size 4, etc.
We shall estimate the sum of the probabilities of the intersections
of size 2 (term t2 of the formula of the inclusion-exclusion
principle) and apply an A 1 approximation.
We group the 66 intersections as follows:
a. Intersections between two events corresponding to two
horizontal lines, numbering C~ = 10 intersections. Each pair of
horizontal lines share no stops and are independent.
b. Intersections between two events corresponding to two vertical
lines, numbering C; =10 intersections. Each pair of vertical lines
share no stops and are independent.
c. Intersections between two events, one corresponding to a
horizontal, and the other to a vertical line, numbering 5 x 5 = 25
intersections. Each pair of such lines share 1 stop.
d. Intersections between two events corresponding to two oblique
lines, numbering one intersection ( AJ J n AJ2 ). The pair of lines ~ J
and LJ 2 share 1 stop.
e. Intersections between two events, one corresponding to an
oblique line and the other to a horizontal or vertical one, numbering
10 + 10 = 20 intersections. Each pair of such lines share 1 stop.
Within each group, each intersection has the same probability.
Let us take an intersection from each group and estimate its
probability, denoting them by Pa' Pb' Pc, Pd' and Pe respectively.
- In group a, the lines are independent and so are the events, so
the probability of an intersection is Pa = p ' P = 0.00006084.
- In group b, the lines are still independent and, so the probability
of an intersection is still Pb = p ' P = 0.00006084.
- In group c, we shall approximate the probability of an
intersection by the use of formula (8):
128
P :::: p 2 + m (p - p 2) = 0.00006084 + 1(0.0078 - 0.00006084) =
c I 5
= 0.00160867.
- In group d, we shall approximate the probability of the
intersection by the use of the same formula (8) and still get
Pd = 0.00160867.
- In group e we do the same and get the same result:
Pe = 0.00160867 .
Now we are able to compute the sum of the probabilities ofthe
intersections of size 2:
t2 = 10Pa + 10Pb + 25pc + 1Pd + 20Pe = 0.0752156:::: 7.52%
Applying formula (14) (the Al approximation), we obtain:
P(QA,)~ t,P(A,)-~ ~ 12 ·0.0078- 0.07~2156 ~ 0.055992.

The probability of C occurring on at least one of the 12 lines is
about 5.6%.
129
Repeated bets and expected value
The games of slots are not games to play isolately - that is, you
won't spin the reels of a machine once, twice, or a few times, then
leave and come back to spin again after, say, three months. The slot
player' s behavior has a strong repetitive character. A slot player
usually bets (spins the reels) from tens to hundreds of times over a
session and thousands of times during a week.
This is why, from probability/statistics point of view, the slot
player will be interested not only in the winning events on one or
more paylines at a spin, but also on winning events related to the
long-run play.
The mathematical notions that model the repetitive bet are the
expected value and the Bernoullian distribution.
Expected value
In gambling, probabilities are associated with stakes in order to

predict an average future gain or loss.
This predicted future gain or loss is called expectation or
expected value (abbreviated as EV) and is the sum of the probability
of each possible outcome of the experiment multiplied by its payoff
(value). Thus, it represents the average amount one expects to win
per bet if bets with identical odds are repeated many times.
A game or situation in which the expected value for the player is
zero (no net gain nor loss) is called a/air game. The attribute/air
refers not to the technical process of the game, but to the balance of
the chance of making profit between house and player.
For example, an American roulette wheel has 38 equally possible
outcomes. Assume a bet placed on a single number pays 35-to-l
(this means that you are paid 35 times your bet and your bet is
returned, so you get back 36 times your bet). So, the expected value
of the profit resulting from a one-dollar repeated bet on a single
number is:
(-$I X ~~ ) +( $35x 318) ' which is about - $0.05 .

130
Therefore one expects, on average, to lose over five cents for
every dollar bet.
For a one-dollar bet on heads at a coin flip (win $1 and your bet
is returned if heads comes up, and lose the bet if not), the expected
value is: (- $1 X ~) + ($1 X ~) = 0 , so this is a fair game.
The mathematical expectation (expected value) is defined as

follows:
If X is a discrete random variable with values Xi and
corresponding probabilities Pi' i E I , the sum or sum of series (if
convergent) M(X) = LXi · Pi is called mathematical expectation,
lei
expected value or mean of variable X.

So, the mathematical expectation is a weighted mean, in the sense
ofthe defmition given above. It terms of gambling, this value means
the amount (positive or negative) that a player should expect, if
performing the same type of experiment (game or gaming situation)
under identical conditions and by making the same bet, via
mathematical probability.
The expected value being negative is a sign that that bet will be
profitable for the house, by ensuring its house edge. Therefore, slot
producers create their payout schedule for a machine so that every
expected value of the winning combinations they offer will be
negative.
As the probability should not be interpreted as an absolute degree
of certainty - for instance, if a winning event has a probability of 1
in 1,000, this does not mean that we cannot win that bet in, say, 10
games instead of 1,000 - also the negative expected value should
not be interpreted as a sure ruin for the player. In fact, this is the
essence of gambling - looking for breaks in the regularities stated by
the laws of probability, which physically are possible.
Expected value is a notion of an ideal model; it is both a limit and
a mean and actually refers to infinity (because infinity is embedded
in the notion of probability as a limit of a sequence). That is, if we
were to place the same bet an infinite number of times, the profit we
would make is based upon the formula of the definition.
In practice, expected value is a statistical parameter assigned to
every bet that has a computable probability and a payout, even
131
though one cannot run that bet infinitely. Together with probability,
expected value stands as a criterion for decisions in games where the
bets have specific payouts, such as in slots.
In slots, when assigning the expected value to a bet, we can refer
to one winning event or several, on one payline or several paylines,
as we did with the probabilities.
The general formulas ofEV in slots
Let E be a simple winning event. Let us use the following

denotations:
s is the credit unit value of the machine, as a real number (this is
the value of a coin or chip paid for a spin; it could be $0.01 , $0.05 ,
$0.1 , $1 , etc.);
r is the payout rate, that is, the coefficient that s is multiplied with
for the machine to return the prize in case E occurs (the returned
prize is sr); r is a function of E (r = r(E)) and usually takes values
that are positive integers; cornmon values ofr are: 2, 3, 5, 10, 20,
50, 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 5,000, 8,000, 10,000.
P is the probability of E (p = P(E)).
s and r are pre-established parameters of the machine, showing

on its display, while p is to be found or computed.
A bet on event E shall be denoted by (E, r) and represents the bet
that the player places with stake s by spinning the machine once. We
shall denote the expected value of the profit of bet (E, r) by M(E, r).
For a simple event E (see subchapter Slots gaming events ofthe
current chapter for the definition of a simple event) with a unique
payout rate r, we have:
M(E, r) = s(pr - 1) (17)
This formula can be applied for any winning combination that

does not include other winning combinations having different
payout rates.
132
Example:
Find the EV of the profit of a bet on exactly two cherries
occurring on the payline of a 3-reel slot machine, given that each
reel has 60 stops and 5 cherries, there is no winning combination
with exactly one instance of another specific symbol, the two-cherry
winning combination has the payout of 20 credits, and 1 unit credit
is worth $0.1.
The winning event E is the occurrence of exactly two cherries on

the three reels and has the probability p = 0.01909722. You can find
this number by using the table of the section 1.3 Event E3 - A
specific symbol exactly twice of the subchapter 3-reel slot machines
of chapter Practical Applications and Numerical Results for t = 60
and c = 5 (or computing it directly by using the corresponding
formulas from chapter Combinations and the current chapter).
We have s = $0.1 and r = 20.
The assumption that the game does not have winning
combinations with exactly one instance of another symbol ensures
the unique payout rate r of the bet (otherwise, the winning
combinations holding two cherries would include such winning
combinations holding one other symbol, for instance (• . , 7), if
( '7 any !!!Y) is winning, which assumes two payout rates, namely
r for the two cherries and another for one red seven).
Now we can apply formula (17) and get:
M(E, r) = s(pr - 1) = $0.1(0.01909722 x 20 - 1) = - $0.06182.
Thus, one can expect to lose on average about 6 cents on every
such 10-cent bet in long-run play.
Making the convention of a non-currency unit credit of one

(s = 1), formula (17) returns the following table of values for the
EV. The values of p are listed in increments of 0.005, ranging from
0.005 to 0.05, while for the values of r we chose 10,20, 50, 100, and
1,000. For a specific credit and currency, the real EV is found by
multiplying the corresponding value from the table with the real unit
credit.
133
Table ofvalues for the EV of a slots bet with unique payout rate
r 5 10 20 50 100 500 1,000

p
0.0005 -0.9975 -0.995 -0.99 -0.975 -0.95 -0.75 -0.5
0.00 10 -0.995 -0.99 -0.98 -0.95 -0.9 -0.5 0
0.00 15 -0.9925 -0.985 -0.97 -0.925 -0.85 -0.25 0.5
0.0020 -0.99 -0.98 -0.96 -0.9 -0.8 0 I
0.0025 -0.9875 -0.975 -0.95 -0.875 -0.75 0.25 1.5
0.0030 -0.985 -0.97 -0.94 -0.85 -0.7 0.5 2
0.0035 -0.9825 -0.965 -0.93 -0.825 -0.65 0.75 2.5
0.0040 -0.98 -0.96 -0.92 -0.8 -0.6 I 3
0.0045 -0.9775 -0.955 -0.9 1 -0.775 -0.55 1.25 3.5
0.0050 -0.975 -0.95 -0.9 -0.75 -0.5 1. 5 4
0.0055 -0.9725 -0.945 -0.89 -0.725 -0.45 175 4.5
0.0060 -0.97 -0.94 -0.88 -0.7 -0.4 2 5
0 .0065 -0.9675 -0.935 -0.87 -0.675 -OJ5 2.25 5.5
0 .0070 -0.965 -0.93 -0.86 -0.65 -OJ 2.5 6
0.0075 -0.9625 -0 .925 -0.85 -0.625 -0.25 2.75 6.5
0.0080 -0.96 -0.92 -0.84 -0.6 -0.2 3 7
0.0085 -0.9575 -0.9 15 -0.83 -0.575 -0. 15 3.25 7.5
0.0090 -0.955 -0.9 1 -0.82 -0.55 -0.1 3.5 8
0.0095 -0.9525 -0.905 -0.8 1 -0.525 -0.05 3.75 8.5
0.0100 -0.95 -0.9 -0.8 -0.5 0 4 9
0.0105 -0.9475 -0.895 -0.79 -0.475 0.05 4.25 9.5
0.0 11 0 -0.945 -0.89 -0.78 -0.45 0.1 4.5 10
0.0 11 5 -0.9425 -0.885 -0.77 -0.425 0. 15 4.75 10.5
0.0 120 -0.94 -0.88 -0.76 -0.4 0.2 5 II
0.0 125 -0.9375 -0.875 -0.75 -0.375 0.25 5.25 11 .5
0.0 130 -0.935 -0.87 -0.74 -0.35 0.3 5.5 12
0.0 135 -0.9325 -0.865 -0.73 -0.325 0.35 5.75 12.5
0.0 140 -0.93 -0.86 -0.72 -0.3 0.4 6 13
0.0 145 -0.9275 -0.855 -0.7 1 -0.275 0.45 6.25 13.5
0 .0 150 -0.925 -0.85 -0.7 -0.25 0.5 6.5 14
0 .0 155 -0.9225 -0.845 -0.69 -0.225 0.55 6.75 14.5
0.0 160 -0.92 -0.84 -0.68 -0.2 0.6 7 15
0.0 165 -0.9 175 -0.835 -0.67 -0.175 0.65 7.25 15.5
0.0 170 -0.9 15 -0.83 -0.66 -0. 15 0.7 7.5 16
0.0175 -0.9 125 -0.825 -0.65 -0. 125 0.75 7.75 16.5
134
0.0 180 -0.91 -0.82 -0.64 -0. 1 0.8 8 17
0.0 185 -0.9075 -0.8 15 -0.63 -0.075 0.85 8.25 17.5
0.0190 -0.905 -0.81 -0.62 -0.05 0.9 8.5 18
0.0 195 -0.9025 -0.805 -0.61 -0.025 0.95 8.75 18.5
0.0200 -0.9 -0. 8 -0.6 0 1 9 19
0.0205 -0.8975 -0.795 -0.59 0.025 1.05 9.25 19.5
0.02 10 -0.895 -0.79 -0.58 0.05 1.1 9.5 20
0 .0215 -0.8925 -0.785 -0.57 0.D75 115 9.75 20.5
0.0220 -0.89 -0.78 -0.56 0. 1 1.2 10 21
0.0225 -0.8875 -0.775 -0.55 0.125 1.25 10.25 2 1. 5
0.0230 -0. 885 -0.77 -0.54 0. 15 1.3 10.5 22
0.0235 -0.8825 -0.765 -0.53 0.175 1.35 10.75 22.5
0.0240 -0.88 -0.76 -0.52 0.2 1.4 II 23
0 .0245 -0.8775 -0.755 -0.51 0.225 1.45 11 .25 23.5
0.0250 -0.875 -0.75 -0.5 0. 25 1.5 11.5 24
0.0255 -0.8725 -0.745 -0.49 0.275 1.55 11.75 24.5
0.0260 -0.87 -0.74 -0.48 0.3 1.6 12 25
0 .0265 -0.8675 -0.735 -0.47 0.325 1.65 12.25 25.5
0.0270 -0.865 -0.73 -0.46 OJ5 1.7 12.5 26
0.0275 -0.8625 -0.725 -0.45 0.375 1.75 12.75 26.5
0.0280 -0.86 -0.72 -0.44 0.4 1. 8 13 27
0.0285 -0.8575 -0.715 -0.43 0.425 1.85 13.25 27.5
0.0290 -0.855 -0.71 -0.42 0.45 1.9 13.5 28
0.0295 -0.8525 -0.705 -0.4 1 0.475 1.95 13.75 28.5
0.0300 -0.85 -0.7 -0.4 0.5 2 14 29
0.0305 -0.8475 -0 .695 -0.39 0.525 2.05 14.25 29.5
0.0310 -0.845 -0.69 -038 0.55 2. 1 14.5 30
0.031 5 -0.8425 -0.685 -0.37 0.575 2.15 14.75 30.5
0.0320 -0.84 -0.68 -0.36 0.6 2.2 15 31
0 .0325 -0.8375 -0.675 -0.35 0.625 2.25 15.25 3 1. 5
0.0330 -0.835 -0.67 -0.34 0.65 2.3 15.5 32
0 .0335 -0.8325 -0.665 -0.33 0.675 2.35 15.75 32.5
0 .0340 -0.83 -0.66 -032 0.7 2.4 16 33
0.0345 -0.8275 -0.655 -031 0.725 2.45 16.25 33.5
0.0350 -0.825 -0.65 -0.3 0.75 2.5 16.5 34
0 .0355 -0.8225 -0.645 -0.29 0.775 2.55 16.75 34.5
0.0360 -0.82 -0.64 -0.28 0.8 2.6 17 35
0 .0365 -0.8175 -0.635 -0.27 0.825 2.65 17.25 35.5
0 .0370 -0.815 -0.63 -0.26 0.85 2.7 17.5 36
135
0.0375 -0.8 125 -0.625 -0.25 0.875 2.75 17.75 36.5
0 .0380 -0.81 -0.62 -0.24 0.9 2.8 18 37
0.0385 -0.8075 -0.615 -0.23 0.925 2.85 18.25 37.5
0.0390 -0.805 -0.61 -0.22 0.95 2.9 18.5 38
0.0395 -0.8025 -0.605 -0.2 1 0.975 2.95 18.75 38.5
0.0400 -0.8 -0.6 -0.2 I 3 19 39
0.0405 -0.7975 -0.595 -0.19 1.025 3.05 19.25 39.5
0.04 10 -0.795 -0.59 -0.18 1.05 3.1 19.5 40
0.0415 -0.7925 -0.585 -0.1 7 1.075 3. 15 19.75 40.5
0.0420 -0.79 -0.58 -0. 16 1.1 3.2 20 41
0.0425 -0.7875 -0.575 -0.15 1.125 3.25 20.25 41.5
0.0430 -0.785 -0.57 -0.14 1.15 3.3 20.5 42
0.0435 -0.7825 -0.565 -0. 13 1.175 3.35 20.75 42.5
0.0440 -0.78 -0.56 -0. 12 1.2 3.4 21 43
0.0445 -0.7775 -0.555 -0.11 1.225 3.45 21.25 43.5
0.0450 -0.775 -0.55 -0.1 1.25 3.5 21.5 44

0.0455 -0.7725 -0.545 -0.09 1.275 3.55 21.75 44.5
0.0460 -0.77 -0.54 -0.08 1.3 3.6 22 45
0.0465 -0.7675 -0.535 -0.07 1.325 3.65 22.25 45.5
0.0470 -0.765 -0.53 -0.06 1.35 3.7 22.5 46
0.0475 -0.7625 -0.525 -0.05 1375 3.75 22.75 46.5
0.0480 -0.76 -0.52 -0.04 1.4 3.8 23 47
0.0485 -0.7575 -0.5 15 -0.03 1.425 3.85 23.25 47.5
0.0490 -0.755 -0.5 1 -0.02 1.45 3.9 23.5 48
0.0495 -0.7525 -0.505 -0.01 1.475 3.95 23.75 48.5
0.0500 -0.75 -0.5 0 1.5 4 24 49
Of course, non-negative EV s showing in this table actually are

not associated with existing machines (for a given payout rate, the
game producer will choose the parameters of the configuration of
that machine so as to obtain probabilities of winning that lead to a
negative EV).
Example of using the table:

Find the EV of a bet on a winning combination that has a payout
rate of 50 and a probability of 1.25%, if the unit credit is $0.05.
We look at intersection of row p = 0.0125 with column r = 50
and find - 0.375. Then, the EV is - 0.375 x $0.05 = -$0.01875.
136
If the winning event E is a union (disjunction) of winning events
of various unique payout rates, Ei are winning events with unique
payout rates that form a partition of E (that is they are mutually
n
exclusive and E =UEi , with n > 1 positive integer), Pi = P(Ei ) , lj

i='
is the payout rate of Ei for every i from 1 to n, and s is the unit
credit, then the following formula holds for the expected value of a
bet on this event, denoted by M(E; 1'j , r2 , • • • , rn ):
M(E; r"r" ... ,r" ) ~ s(t,p,r, -1) (18)
This formula can be applied for any winning combination that

includes other winning combinations with different payout rates. In
order to apply it, we must first decompose the winning event in a
partition of winning events (simple or complex) having unique
payout rates.
Example :
Find the EV of the profit of a bet on any winning combination
holding only melon or plum symbols or any combination of them
occurring on the payline of a 3-reel slot machine, given that each
reel has 80 stops,S melons, and 6 plums, 1 unit credit is worth $0.1 ,
and the payout schedule includes:
• t ~, with payout of 500 credits
• • , with payout of 100 credits
mix ~ & , with payout of 50 credits.
Denoting by E the winning event, by E, the event of three

melons occurring, by E2 the event of three plums occurring, and by
E3 the event of any combination of melons and plums occurring, we
have that E" E2 , E3 form a partition of E, as they are mutually
exclusive and E = E, U E2 U E3.
We have: s = $0.1 , r, = 500, r2 =100, r3 = 50
p, = 0.00024414, P2 = 0.00042188, P3 = 0.000644531
137
(F or PI and P2 we used the table of section 1.1 Event EI - A
specific symbol three times and for P3 we used table 5 of section
1.6 Event E6 - Any combination of two specific symbols of the
subchapter 3-reel slot machines of the chapter Practical
Applications and Numerical Results.)
Now we can apply formula (18) and get:
M(E; 500, 100, 50) = s (PI'i + P2r2 + P3r3 -1) =
= $0.1(0.00024414·500+ 0.00042188 ·100+ 0.000644531· 50 -1) =
= -$0.080351.
EV can be also expressed for winning events related to several

paylines (complex events of type 2 or 3), through a formula derived
from formula (18).
If the winning event E which we bet on is defined through a
winning combination of symbols C with an unique payout rate r
occurring on any line of a group of n paylines, we choose the
following partition of E into n events:
EI is the event "C occurs on exactly one payline of that group";
E2 is the event "C occurs on exactly two paylines of that group";
and so on,
En is the event "C occurs on all n paylines of that group";
Of course, that group might hold all paylines of that slot machine.
The payout rate of EI is r, of E2 is 2r, and so on, of En is nr.
Denoting the probabilities by P(I) = P(E I) , P(2) = P(E2) , and so
on, P Cn) = P(En ), formula (18) becomes:
M(E; r, 2r, ... , nr) = s(rpCI) + 2rP(2) + ... + nrPCn) -1) (19)
In this form, formula (19) is computable only by the use of a
software program, due to probabilities P Ci)' which are very hard to
compute and express explicitly because the number of variables is
too high and the terms overloaded.
I shall consider the particularization in which the group consists
of n independent lines.
138
In this case, denoting by Pi the probability of C occurring on
payline number i, formula (19) is written as:
M(E; r, 2r, ... , nr) =
s[r ~PI II (1- Pk ) + 2r "tt"nPiP 11 (1- Pk ) + ... + nr~Jpi -1] (20)

j
j
k",i k",i ,j
Particularizing further, to a group of n independent paylines with
the same probability p of occurrence of C on each payline (for
instance, the group of horizontal paylines of a 9-reel slot machine in
case A, or the vertical), formula (20) becomes:
M(E; r, 2r, ... , nr) =
s[rnp(1- py-I + 2rC~p2 (1- py-2 + ... + nrC;pn -1] (21)
Example:
Find the EV of the profit of a bet on three lemons occurring on
any of the three horizontal pay lines of a 9-reel slot machine, given
that each reel has 90 stops and 2 lemons, the three-lemon winning
combination has the payout of200 credits, and 1 unit credit is worth
$0.05.
The winning combination C is three lemons. The probability p of
C occurring on a payline is 0.000010974 (taken from the table of
section 1.1 Event E, - A specific symbol three times in subchapter
3-reel slot machines of chapter Practical Applications and
Numerical Results).
Applying formula (21), we get:
M(E; r, 2r, ... , nr) =
$OOS[ 200 2 · 00000 10974 · (0999989026)' + 2 ·200 3 (00000 10974)' ·0.999989026 +3 · 200 I· (00000 10974)3 - I] =
= - $0.04967.
The most general case is when the winning event E which we bet
on is defined through a disjunction of winning combinations of
symbols, with different payout rates, occurring on any line of a
group of n pay lines. In this case, we must perform a double
decomposition - first of the winning event down to winning events
of unique payout rates, then of each of the constituent events of the
first decomposition, by the exact number of pay lines on which it can
occur:
139
Let E = E\ U E2 U ... U Em be a partition of event E in winning
events such that events E; are expressed through winning
combinations that have the payout rates lj respectively, for i from 1
to m. This is the first decomposing.
Next, we define the events Eij' for i from 1 to m and} from 1 to
n, as follows: Etj is the event "event E; occurs on exactly j
pay lines". The mn events Eij form a partition of event E and the
payout rate of Eu is }fj , for every i and}. This is the second
decomposing.
Denote the probabilities by P;(j) = peE;) (p;(j) as the probability
of event E, occurring on exactly j lines of the group.)
Now we are able to derive the formula of the EV of the bet on E
occurring on any line of the group, from formula (18):
M(E; lj, r2,·· .,rm' 2lj,2r2,···, 2rm,· . . ,nlj ,nr2'" .nrm) =
s[t~jr,P'(j) -1] (22)
For groups of non-independent lines, formula (22) is applicable

only by the use of a software program, due to the difficulty of
computation of probabilities P ;(j) ' In all situations, the larger the
number of pay lines in the group or the larger the dimension of the
union forming the initial winning event E, the heavier will be the
computation of the EV of its profit.
With respect to the dimension of the union forming the initial
winning event, the largest event would be any win (no matter the
payout). In order to compute the EV of such a bet (which actually is
the non-declared bet when spinning the reels once with one credit,
since any win is welcome), the first decomposing in winning events
of unique payout rates is essential. However, the ease of such
decomposing depends on the complexity of the payout schedule of
that game, as well as the ease of the probability computations.
Ifwe deal with several paylines for the EV (which could be all
the paylines of the machine or just the ones enabled in the game),
the overall winning event any win on any payline stands for the most
difficult event with respect to both probability and EV.
140
Although very important as decisional criteria for a slot game, I
cannot provide explicit formulas with basic variables (such as basic
probabilities and other parameters of the configuration of the reels)
for the probability and the EV of this overall winning event, not
even in particular categories of games; only a software program can
compute them.
Also, due to the wide variation of the payout schedules of the
games, which do not submit to standard rules, I cannot provide a
collection of practical applications and numerical results for the EV
grouped by categories, as I did with probabilities. Therefore, EV for
each specific situation in part is computable directly by the use of
the theoretical results presented in this section.
Probabilities associated with repeated events in slots
All probabilities we have dealt with thus far refer to winning

events corresponding to the same probabilistic experiment, namely
the spin of the reels of a machine in a single game. We can also
calculate probabilities of events related to several different spins for
the same game. These spins, from a probability point of view,
represent independent experiments. Generally, moving from the
probability of occurrence of a winning event in a singular game to
the probability of its repeated occurrence in several games requires a
simple calculation based on Bernoulli' s scheme:
Consider that n independent spins are performed. Denote by A
the expected winning event and by p its probability of occurrence in
a spin. Event A could be of any complexity (simple or complex,
related to one or several paylines, as we considered the events in the
previous section dedicated to the EV).
The probability for event A to occur exactly m times in n spins
(m $ n) is given by the Bernoulli formula: Let Bmbe the event A
occurs exactly m times in the n spins. Then
P(Bm )=C;' p "' (1_py-m (23)
Formula (23) can be applied for a series of independent games
(successive or split over time, played by the same player or several
players) on the same slot machine, for the same winning event. For
applying it, we must know first the probability p of the singular
winning event.
141
For a fixed value ofn = 1,000 spins, formula (23) returns the
following table of values for the probability of the winning event to
occur m times. The values of p are listed in increments of 0.005,
ranging from 0.005 to 0.05, while for the values of m we chose 1,5,
10, 20, 50, and 100.
Table of values for the probability of a certain number of occurrences of

the same winning event on 1,000 independent spins
m I 5 10 20 50 100
P
0.0005 0.303379101 0.000156749 L56784E-10 1.98317E-25 5.22482E-8 1 0
0.0010 0.368063488 0.003048808 9.78284E-08 1.27349E·1 9 3.6570 1E-66 2.5948E-1 6 1
0.00 15 0.334820774 0.0 14068715 3.43663E-06 2.59269E- 16 144924E-57 6.7228E- 144
0.0020 0.270670386 0.0360 17025 3.7 1678E-05 5.00436E-1 4 1 590 II E-5 1 1.3355E·1 3 1
0.0025 0.205083851 0066758898 0.0002 10769 2.65622E·1 2 6.92 105E-47 4.1762E· 122
0.0030 0149136658 O. 100869083 0.000794421 6.230 14E·11 3.9 11 79E-43 2.2026E·1 14
0.0035 0 105412904 0.132350633 0.00225861 4 8.3164 IE· 10 5.40446E-40 6.9429E- 108
0.0040 0.072969 115 o. 15660692 7 0.005223679 7.348E-09 2.66246E-37 2.7834E·1 02
0.0045 0.049709067 0. 171233956 0.010318306 4.73704E·08 5.96677E·35 2.30969E-97
0.0050 0.033437028 0. 1759076 16 0.0 17996229 2.38 143E·07 7. 18355E-33 5.5327E·93
0.0055 0.02226 1036 0. 171809135 0.02837906 1 9.78956E·07 5.231 12E-31 4.85E-89
0.0060 0.014694312 0. 160945192 0.041177938 3.408 E-06 2.5 150IE-29 1.85368E-85
0.0065 0.009629793 0.14556875 0.055713165 1.03 18 1E·05 8.532 14E-28 3.52845E·82
0.0070 0.00627 1873 0. 12777966 1 0.071017919 2.77359E-05 2.1508E-26 3.7093E-79
0.0075 0.004062994 0. 109304604 0.085991287 6.72896E·05 4 19725E-25 2.33752E-76
0.0080 0.002619693 0.09 14 18272 0.099560447 0.000 149299 6.55391 E-24 9.4334E-74
0.0085 0.001682073 0.074958 15 0. 11 08 18469 0.000306239 8.4 128IE-23 2.57338E-71
0.0090 0.001076027 0.060390419 0. 119 117225 0.000585935 9.0784E-22 4.96254E-69
0.0095 0.000686039 0047895508 0.124108825 0.0010536 11 8.39 167E-2 1 7.02355E-67
0.0100 0.000436073 0.037453 112 0. 12574021 1 0.001791878 6.75067E-20 7.53077E-65
0.0105 0.000276422 0.0289 15808 0.1242 12437 0.00289792 4.79056E- 19 6.285 1IE-63
0.01 10 0000 174778 0.022066977 0. 11 99 18743 0.0044775 17 3.03406E-1 8 4.17922E-61
0.0115 0000 110254 0.01666283 0.113374883 0.006636 128 L73238E- 17 2.2592E-59
0.0120 6.94015E-05 0.012460497 0. 105152387 0.009467785 8.99647E-1 7 1.0 105 1E-57
0.0125 4.3599IE-05 0.009235026 0.095821931 0.013043083 4.282 15E-1 6 3.79804E-56
0.0130 2.73388 E-05 0.006788 174 0.085910491 0.0 17397805 1.88094E-1 5 1.2 160 1E-54
0.0135 I.7 I I3E-05 0.00495 1562 0.075873114 0.022523763 7.6707 IE-1 5 3.35677E-53
0.0140 1.06946E-05 0.003586244 0.0660781 2 1 0.028363 195 2.92E- 14 8.0759 1E-52
0.0145 667329E-06 0.002580208 0.056803342 0.034807584 1.04258E· 13 L70974E-50
142
0.0 150 4. 1580 IE-06 0.00 1844909 0.048240557 0.04 1701229 3.50666E-13 3.2 I29E-49
0.0155 2.58724E-06 0.001311504 0.040505294 0.04884924 1 1.1 154E- 12 5AO II IE-48
0.01 60 1.60777E-06 000092724 0.033649515 0.056029133 3.36709E- 12 8. I 7996E-47
0.0 165 9.9787E-07 0.000652201 0.027675252 0.06300480 1 9.67733E-12 1.12328E-45
0.0 170 6. I 8605E-07 0.000456525 0.02254 776 0.06954 1442 2.65583E-II I A0677E-44
0.0 175 3.83058E-07 0.000318094 0.018207297 0.075420018 6.97824E- II 1.61 537E-43
0.0 180 2.36946E-07 0.00022068 0.0 14579059 0.080449977 1.75975E- IO 1.70905E-42
0.0 185 1.464 15E-07 0.000152469 O.oII58 1097 0.084479282 4.26862E-I O 1.67344E-41
0.0 190 9.0384IE-08 0.00010493 0.009130296 0.087401129 9.98043E- IO l.S2276E-40
0.0 195 5.57423E-08 7.19453E-05 0.007146603 0.089 157126 2.25352E-09 1.2926E-39
0.0200 3A3463E-08 4.9 1546E-05 0.005555798 0.089737069 4.92248E-09 1.027 15E-38
0.D205 2.1144IE-08 3.34701 E-05 0.004291075 0.089175702 1.04 I 89E-08 7.6656IE-38
0.02 10 1.30055E-08 2.27 I 66E-05 000329374 0.087547077 2.140IE-08 5.389 IE-37
0.02 15 7.99296E-09 1.53705E-05 0.0025 13262 0.084957238 4.27193E-08 3.57896E-36
0.0220 4.90838E-09 1.03692E-05 0.001906885 0.081535943 8.2977IE-08 2.2511 4E-35
0.0225 3.01 I84E-09 6.97532E-06 0.001438981 0.077428153 1.57024E-07 1.34433E-34
0.0230 1.8467E-09 4.6795E-06 0.00 1080259 0.072785849 2.89828E-07 7.63933 E-34
0.0235 I. 13 I 47E-09 3. 13 109E-06 0.000806929 0.067760672 5.22J25E-07 4.13974E-33
0.0240 6.92754E- IO 208975E-06 0.000599879 0.062497686 92oo28E-07 2.1435E-32
0.0245 4.2385E-IO 1.39 135E-06 0.000443908 0.057130462 1.58536E-06 1.06248E-3 1
0.0250 2.5915E-1O 9.24 191 E-07 0.0003 2704 0.05 1777532 2.67484E-06 5.05033E-31
0.0255 1.58344E-1O 6.12498E-07 0.000239916 0.046540172 4A2255E-06 2.30591 E-30
0.0260 9.66877E-II 40504 E-0 7 0.000 17528 0.041501375 7. 17115E-06 1 01289E-29
0.0265 5.900 19E- I I 2.67285E-07 0.000 127552 0.036725863 1.1 412 IE-05 4.28659E-29
0.0270 3.59825E- II 1.76021 E-07 9.24658E-05 0.032260904 1.78361E-05 1.75024E-28
0.0275 2. 19307E- I I I. I 569E-07 6.6784E-05 0.028137756 2.73953E-05 6.9037IE-28
0.0280 1.33585E-11 7.589 I 5E-08 4.80634E-05 0.0243 73508 4. 13776E-05 2.63394E-27
0.0285 813218E-12 4.96918E-08 3A4712E-05 0.020973158 6.14922E-05 9.73139E-27
0.0290 4.94776E- 12 3.24783E-08 2A6405E-05 0.017931766 8.99665E-05 3A8555E-26
0.0295 3.0086 IE- 12 2. 1 1905E-08 1.75564E-05 0.015 236564 0.00012965 1 U 1158E-25
0.0300 1.82845E-12 1.38023E-08 1.24698E-05 0.01286893 1 0.000 184129 4.09 12E-25
0.0305 1.l1062E-12 8.975 17E-09 8.83OO9E-06 0.010806168 0.000257826 1.34332E-24
0.03 10 6.7424 IE- 13 5.82688E-09 6.2343 E-06 0.009023046 0.000356 111 4.29273E-24
0.03 15 4.09 J06E-13 3.77702E-09 4.389E-06 0.007493098 0.000485382 1.33623E-23
0.0320 2A8103E-13 2.44455E-09 3.0813IE-06 000618967 0.000653132 4.05493E-23
0.0325 U0386E- Il 1. 5798 1E-09 2. 15739E-06 0.005086736 0.00086797 1 1.20054E-22
0.0330 9.1109IE-14 1.01948E-09 U0654 E-06 0.004 J 59501 0.00 1139619 3A7044E-22
0.0335 5.5J698E-14 6.56965E-J0 1.04935E-06 0.0033 84816 0.001478829 9.80207E-22
0.0340 3.33909E-1 4 4.2277E- 1O 7.2908 IE-07 0.002741448 0.00 1897266 2.70689E-21
143
0.0345 20 1997E-14 2.71695E-10 5.05333E-07 0.002210203 0.002407306 7.3 1348E-2 I
0.0350 122139E-14 1.74376E-10 3.49424E-07 0.001773968 0.00302 1775 1.93442E-20
0.0355 738173E-1 5 1.11772E-10 2.4 I 06E-07 0.00 14 1766 0.00375362 5.0 11 97E-20
0.0360 445922E- 15 7.15534E-11 1.65928E-07 0.00 11 28 135 0.004615508 1.27276E- 19
0.0365 2.69253E-15 4.57503E-11 1.13963E-07 0.000894046 0.005619382 3. 16955E-19
0.0370 1.62503E-15 2.92169E-11 7.8104E-08 0.000705689 0.006775967 7.74453E-19
0.0375 9.80322E-16 1.86363E-11 5.34164E-08 0000554838 0.008094256 1.85761E-18
0.0380 5.91 127E- 16 1.1 8736E-11 3.64577E-08 0.00043457 1 0.009580994 4.376 12E-1 8
0.0385 3.56287E-16 7.5564E-1 2 2.48333E-08 0.000339106 0.01 1240 171 1.0 1297E-17
0.0390 2. 14649E-16 480356E-12 1.68823E-08 0.00026365 1 0.0 13072569 2.30502E-17
0.0395 1.2926IE- 16 3.05026E-12 1.14551E-08 0.000204259 0.015075364 5. 1583E-17
0.0400 7.78076E-17 1.93484E-12 7.75804E-09 0.000157698 0.0 1724 1826 1.13573E- 16
0.0405 4.68154E- 17 1.22602E-12 5.24458E-09 0.000121338 00 19561 114 2.4612IE-16
0.04 10 28 1561E-17 7.76073E-13 3.53909E-09 9.30529E-05 0022018207 5.25 166E-1 6
0.04 15 I 69267E-17 4.90757E-1 3 2.3840 IE-09 7.11303E-05 0024593962 1.I0377E-15
0.0420 101717E-17 3.10025E-13 1.603 17E-09 5.42004E-05 0.0272653 I 2.28587E- 15
0.0425 6. 10988E-18 1.9566E-1 3 1.07626E-09 4. 1172IE-05 0.0300056 4.666 18E-1 5
0.0430 3.66855E-18 1.23364E-13 7.2133IE-10 3. 11807E-05 0.032785059 9.39 19 IE- 15
0.0435 2.2018E-1 8 7.77079E-14 4 .82668E- 10 235439E-05 0035571386 1.86452E-14
0.0440 1.32095E-18 4.8903E- 14 3.22457E-1O I 77258E-05 0.038330438 3.65204E-14
0.0445 7.92174E-19 307473E-14 2. 15088E- 10 1.33075E-05 0.04 102699 1 7.05972E- 14
0.0450 4.74877E-19 1 93146E-14 1.4325E-1 0 9.96259E-06 0.043625558 1.34726E-13
0.0455 2.84556E-19 1.21221E-14 9.52618E- 11 7.43806E-06 0.046091222 2.53889E-13
0.0460 1.70445E-19 7.60136E-1 5 6.32559E- 11 5.53837E-06 0.04839047 1 4.7259E-13
0.0465 1.02054E- 19 4.76242E-1 5 4. 19422E-11 4. 1130IE-06 0.050491987 8.69135E-1 3
0.0470 6.10809E-20 2.98122E-15 2.77704E-11 3.0466IE-06 0.052367375 1.57965E- 12
0.0475 3.65437E-20 I 86465E- 15 1.83612E-11 2.25 I E-06 0.053991813 2.83799E-12
0.0480 2. 1855 1E-20 1.1653E-1 5 1.21234E-1 1 1.65902E-06 0.055344585 5.04129E-12
0.0485 1.30655E-20 7.27657E-1 6 7.9938IE-12 1.21975E-06 0.0564094% 8.85629E-12
0.0490 7.80787E-21 4.54009E- 16 5 26386E-12 8.94635E-07 0.057175 161 1.539E-11
0.0495 4.66417E-21 2.83045E-16 3.46165E-12 6.54637E-07 0.057635145 2.64602E- 11
0.0500 2.78517E-21 1.76322E-16 2.27353E- 12 4.77915E-07 0057787984 4.50204E-1 1

Find the probability of the same winning event occurring exactly
5 times in 1,000 independent games, given that its probability of
occurrence in one game is 0.0045. We look at intersection of row p
= 0.0045 with column m = 5 and find 0.171 23 3956 = 17.1233 956%
for the sought probability.
144
It is helpful to find the probability of the expected event
occurring at least a certain number oftimes after n spins.
Because events Bm are mutually exclusive, we can add their
probabilities to find the probability of event A occurring at least a
certain number of times. Therefore, the probability of A occurring at
least m times after n spins is P(B m ) + P(Bm + j ) + ... + P(Bn ) •
Example:
Find the probability of a winning event occurring at least 2 times
in 10 independent games, given that the probability of its occurrence
in one game is 0.0135.
We have n = 1O, p = 0.0135. We are interested in the following
probabilities: P(B2 ) , P(B3 ) , ••• , P(B1o ). Once we compute them all,
we must add them together for finding the sought probability.
P(B2 ) = C j20(0.0135)2(1- 0.0135)1 0-2 = 0.007356 = 0.7356%.
I leave to reader as exercise the computation of the rest of the
eight probabilities and their summation.
At this point, I conclude the theoretical portion of the book,

where I have presented the main mathematical results and tools
necessary for providing numerical probabilities attached to the slots
winning events of any complexity - exact values or accurate
approximations - through practical applications, for any type of slot
machine, configured with any parameters.
Of course, any practical application can be fulfilled only if we
know in advance the parameters of the given slot machine, that is,
the numbers of stops of the reels and the symbol distributions on the
reels. All the probability formulas and even tables of values are
ultimately useless without this information. In the chapter The
Configuration of Slot Machines, I explained some methods of
estimating these parameters based on empirical data and stated that
the application of such methods poses some problems of effort and
risk. Further, taking into account the incomputable error ranges of
such approximations, any credible information regarding these
parameters should prevail over my methods of estimating them.
Now, it is time for the players to put down the math and see the
practical results for the most common categories of slot machines!
145
146
Practical Applications and Numerical Results
In this chapter, I shall consider four large categories of slot

games, namely 3-reel, 5-reel, 9-reel, and 16-reel slot machines with
the various configurations of their display. For each category, I shall
present the probability results derived from the application of
general theory as both computable formulas ready for inputs and
tables of values (where possible).
The games that are subject to my applications are not
particularized to names of games or machines existing on the
market, but to more general models defined through the
configuration of their display. These models cover the most
common games found on the market nowadays as well as possible
future games.
For each game category, the most common winning events on a
payline are defined and listed along with their probabilities. Then,
more complex events on a payline - unions of the previous winning
events - are considered. Since it is possible that not all the listed
winning events will coexist (totally or partially) on a real slot
machine, only some common such unions are considered. (Thus, I
cannot provide general probability results for overall winning events
like any win (regardless of the payout), as every game in part has its
own winning rules, even within the same sub-category; such
computation is possible only for a given specific game for which we
know the winning combinations of symbols.)
The last category of events listed consists of the same winning
events considered previously, but occurring on several paylines.
The probability results are still presented in the two cases A and
B - respectively the same numbers of stops and symbol distributions
on the reels and the opposite - under which we worked in the
previous two chapters.
The aim was to present as many numerical results as possible
listed in tables; however, due to the generally large number of
variables, this was possible only in a very limited number of
situations. The tables of values presented here have as variables
either the parameters of the configurations (numbers t, tj , ci , c(, as
147
denoted in the theoretical chapters) or the basic probabilities qi = S.-
f
j
and q/ = ~. This latter choice reduces the number of the variables
t)
(one instead of two), following the same aim of presenting tables
instead of formulas .
For the winning events related to several paylines, the variables
of the formulas and tables were the winning probabilities on one line
of various lengths.
For the tables having variables of a large range of values (for
instance, the basic probabilities, which are real numbers, or even the
number of stops, which stretches from 20 to hundreds for the
existing slot machines), to save space, I listed those values using
increments. For such incremental tables, a sought probability should
be estimated through an interval to which it belongs. For example, if
a table lists the values of the variable number of stops t in
increments of2, starting from 20, and the given value of this
parameter is t = 31 ; then we search the table for two probabilities,
one PI corresponding to value t = 30 and the other P2 to value
t = 32. Then, we take the sought probability P as being between PI
and P2'
As I have already mentioned in previous chapters, all applications
can provide us with real numerical results through formulas and
tables only if we know in advance the parameters specific to the
configuration of the slot machine in question.
I did not consider in this collection of practical results the
winning events of slot machines having wild symbols Gokers). The
reason is that such machines are rare, and considering jokers would
double the calculation effort and the dedicated space, and would also
require the redefining and categorizing of the winning events.
A scattered symbol should be treated as any regular symbol from
a probability point of view, searching for the event of having one
instance of this symbol on a payline.
The Mathematics Department of Infarom can perform for you
any particular probability application for any slot machine, through
the calculation service described on its website.
148
3-reel slot machines
The 3-reel slot machines could have the following common

configurations of the display: 1 x 3,2 x 3, 3 x 3. The standard length
of a payline is 3. The sub-categories with display 1 x 3 or 3 x 3
include the old classical slot machines with one central horizontal
payline.
The common winning events on the payline are:

EI - A specific symbol three times (for example, ( 0 . OJ))
E2 - Any symbol three times (triple)
E3 - A specific symbol exactly twice
(for example, (O . !.!!Y))
E4 - Any symbol exactly twice (double)
E5 - A specific symbol exactly once
(for example, ( 7 any any))
E6 - Any combination of two specific symbols
(for example, (mix & . ) , that is ( . ) or ( .. ))
E7 - Any combination of at least one of three specific symbols
(for example, (a?,l!!~iar any bar any bar ), with three bar symbols
I!t'!:iJ m;:m
like c:m, E!:!II, c;:m )
(The symbols from the examples are just for illustrating the
winning combinations and may be replaced by symbols of any
graphic. For the same parameters of the machine, the probabilities of
the above events are the same regardless of the chosen graphic for
the symbols.)
149
1 x 3 display
This is the simplest type of slot machine, with one paying line.
Figure 27. Example of a 3-reel slot machine with 1 x 3 display

and the model of the configuration of its display
Probabilities of winning events on the payline

on the reels
1.1 Event EI - A specific symbol three times
The probability of £, is P( £, ) ~( 7)' ,

where t is the number of
stops of a reel and c is the distribution of that symbol on a reel. This

formula returns the following table of values, where the values of t
are listed in increments of 2, ranging from 20 to 200, and the values
of c range from 1 to 7.
150
Table ofvalues for the probability ofa specific symbol occurring three
times on a payline
c I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0 .000125 0001 0.003375 0 .008 0015625 0.027 0.0",2875
22 9.3914E'()5 0.0007.513 1 0.00253569 0.0060 105 2 0.01 173929 0.0202855 0.03221262
24 7.2338E.()5 00005787 0.00195313 0.00462963 0 .00904225 0.015625 0.02481192
26 5.6896E'()5 0.000",55 17 0.00 153619 0.00364133 0.0071 11 97 001228949 0.01951525
28 ·U554E"()5 0.00036443 0 .00122996 0 .0029 1545 0 .00569424 0.00983965 0.01562.5
30 3.7031E-05 0.0002963 0.001 0.00237037 0.00462963 0.008 0.0127037
32 3.0.5 18E-05 0.00024414 0.00082397 0.00195313 0.0038147 0.0065918 001046753
34 2.54-13E-05 0.00020354 0.00068695 0.00 162833 0.00318034 0.00549562 0.00872685
36 2.1433E-05 O.OOO17 U 7 0.0005187 0.0013717-1 0,00267918 0.00462963 0.00735 168
38 1.822"'E-05 0 .00014579 0.00049205 0.00116635 0.00227803 0 .003936-'3 0.00625091
40 1.5625E-05 0.000125 0.00042188 0.001 0.00195313 0.003375 0 .00535938
42 1.3497£..05 0.00010798 0.00036+4 3 0.00086384 0.00168718 0.00291545 0.00462963
44 l.1 7)9E-05 9.3914E'()5 0.0003 1696 0.00075131 0 ,001467"'1 0 ,00253569 000402658
46 1.027-1E-05 8.2 19E-05 0 .00027739 0 .00065752 0.00128"'21 0 .002219 12 0 .00352388
48 9.0421E-06 7.2338E-05 0 .00024414 0 .0005187 0.001 13028 0.00195313 O.OO3 IOU9
50 0.000008 0.000064 0.000216 0000512 0.001 0.001728 0.002744
52 7. 11 2E.()6 5.6896E'()5 0.000 19202 0.000455 17 0.000889 0.00 1536 19 0.00243941
54 6.3507E-06 5.0805E'()5 0.000 17 14 7 0 .00040644 0.00079383 0.00137 174 OJI0217828
56 5.6942£-06 ·U5S4E-05 0,00015374 0 .00036443 0.0007 11 78 0.00122996 000195313
58 5.1253E-06 4.1002£-05 000013838 000032802 0.00064066 0.00110706 000175796
60 4.6296E.()6 3.7037 E'()5 0.000 125 0.0002963 0.0005787 0.001 0.00158796
62 4. 1959E.()6 3J567E'()5 0.00011329 0.00026854 0.000524-19 0.0009063 1 0.00 1439 19
64 3.81 47£..(16 3.0518£-05 0.000103 0 .00024414 0 ,00047684 0.00082397 000 130844
66 3.4783E-06 2.7826£-05 9.39 14£-05 O.t)()()2226 1 0 ,00043479 0.00075 13 1 0.001 19306
68 3. 1803E.()6 2.S443E'{)5 8..5869£-05 0 .00020354 0 ,00039754 0.00068695 0.00 109086
70 2.9155E.()6 2.332-JE"()S 7.87I7E'()5 0.000 18659 0.0003644 3 0.00062974 0.001
72 2.6792E.()6 2 1433E.()5 7.233 8E.()5 0.00017147 0.0003349 0.0005787 0.00091896
74 2.4678£-06 1.9742£-05 6.663E.()5 0.000 15794 0.00030847 0 .00053304 0,0008-«>45
76 2.278E..Q6 1.8224E-05 6. I S07E..QS 0 ,000 14579 0 ,00028475 O . ~9205 0 .00078136
78 2.1073E-06 1.6858E-05 5.6896E-05 0.00013486 0.0002634 1 0 .000455 17 0 .00072279
80 1.953 1E.()6 1.5625E'()5 5.2734E"()S 0.000125 0.00024414 0.000421 88 0.00066992
82 1.81 37E.()6 14509E.()5 U969E'()5 000011607 0.00022671 0.00039175 000062209
84 1.6872E-06 1.3-'97E-05 4.5554E-05 0.00010798 0.0002109 0 .00036443 0.0005787
86 1.5722£-06 L2578E-05 4.2-149E-05 0,00010062 D.lXlO 19652 0 .00033959 0 .00053926
151
88 1.... 67-4E~ I 1739E-05 3.962E-05 9.3914E-OS 0.000 18343 0.0003 1696 0'<)0050332
90 13717E..()6 10974E-05 J.7037E'{)5 8.7791E-OS 0.00017 147 0.0002963 0.0004705 1
92 1.2842E-06 1.027<E'{)5 H67<E.{)5 8.2 19E'{)5 0.000 16053 0.00027739 0.0004<W<8
94 1.20<E-06 9.6318E-06 3.2507E.{)5 7.7054E..()s 0.000 1505 0.00026006 0.000<1 296
96 1. 1303E-06 9.0422E-06 3.0518E-05 7.2338E-05 0 ,000 14129 0.0002441-1 0.00038769
98 1.0625E-06 8A999E-06 2.8687E-05 6.7999E-05 0 .0001328 1 O.l)()()2295 O.OOO3tH43
100 0,00000 1 0000008 0.000027 0.000Q6.I 0 .000 125 0 .0002 16 0 .000343
102 9 <232E.{)7 7.5386E-06 2.5443E'{)5 6.0309E-05 0.000 11779 0.0002035< 0.00032322
104 8.89E'{)7 7.112E-06 2.4003E'{)5 5.68%E'{)5 0.000 11 112 0.000 19202 0.00030<93
106 8.3962E-07 6.7 17E-06 2.267E'{)5 5.3736E-05 0.000\0495 0.000 18136 0.00028799
108 7,9383E"()7 6 .3507E-06 2. 1433E-05 5.0805E-05 99229E-05 0.000 1714 7 0.00027228
110 7.5 13 IE..()7 6 .0105E-06 2.0285E-05 4 .8084 E-05 9.39 14E-05 0 .000 16228 0.0002577
11 2 7. 1 178E-07 5.6942E-06 1.92 18E-05 4.5554 E-05 8.8973E-05 0.000 15374 0.00024414
114 6.7-197E-07 S.3998E-06 1. 8224E-05 <.3 198E.{)5 8.437 IE'{)5 0.000 14579 0.00023152
11 6 6.<066E'{)7 5. 1253E-06 1. 7298E'{)S <.1002E.{)5 8.0082E.{)S 0.OOOIJ838 0.0002 1975
11 8 6.0863E-07 U69E-06 1.6<33E.{)5 3.8952E.{)5 7.6079E.{)5 0.OOOIJ I<6 0.00020876
120 5.787E-07 4.6296E-06 1.5625E-05 3.7037E-05 7.2338E-05 0.000 125 0.000 1985
122 5.507 IE4)7 ·U057E..Q6 IA869E4)5 3.52.. 5E-05 6.8838E-05 0.0001 1895 0.000 18889
124 5.2+t9E4)7 ". 1959E..Q6 1.4 16 1E-05 3.3567E-05 6.556 IE-05 0'()0011329 0.000 1799
126 H99 IE.{)7 3 9992E-06 1.3"97E-05 3. 199<E'{)5 6.2488E.{)5 0.00010798 0.000 17147
128 ".768"E-07 3.81"7E-06 1.2875E-05 3.05 18E.{)5 5.%05E'{)5 0.000 103 0.000 16356
130 .. 5517E-07 3.6413E-06 1 2289E-05 2.913 1E-05 5.68%E-05 9.8316E-05 0.000 15612
132 4.3H9E-07 3A783E-06 1.1739E-05 2.7826E-05 5A3 .. 9E-05 9.3 914E-05 0.000 14913
134 ". I56 IE-07 3.32"9E-06 1.I22 1E-05 2.6599E'{)5 5. 195 1E-OS 8.9772E'{)5 0.0001425.5
136 3.975"E-07 3. 1803E-06 1.0734E-05 2.5443E'{)5 4.%93E-05 8.5869E.{)5 0.00013636
138 3.805IE'{)7 3.0"" 1E-06 1.0274E-O.5 2A352E'{)5 4.7563E-05 8 . 2 1 9E~5 0.000 1305 1
140 3.(H"3E-07 2.9 155E..Q6 98397E-06 2.33HE-O.5 4.5554E-05 7.8717E-05 0.000 12.5
142 3.4925E-07 2.79"E.Q6 9A297E-06 2.2352E-OS 4.3656E-05 7.5"38E-O.5 0.000 11 979
144 3.3"9E-07 2.6792E-06 9.0"22E-06 2. 1"33E-OS 4. 1862E-O.5 7.2338E'{)5 0.000 11" 87
148 3.08-l-7E-07 2A678E-06 8.3287E-06 1.9742E.()S 3.8559E'{)5 6.663 E'{)5 0.0001058 1
150 2.963E-07 2.37().4E-06 0.000008 L8963E-OS 3.7037E-OS 0.000Q6.I 0.00010 163
152 2.8"75E-07 2.278E-06 7.6883E..()6 1.822"E-OS 3.S59"E-05 6. 1 5~J7E-05 9.767E..Q5
154 2.73 8E'{)7 2. I9Q.lE-06 7.3927E-06 1.7523E.{)5 H225E.{)5 5.9 141 E-05 9.3914E'{)5
156 2.63<IE.{)7 2. 1073E-06 7. 11 2E-06 1.6858E'{)5 3.2926E'{)5 5.68%E-05 9.0348E'{)5
158 2.5353E-07 2.0282E-06 6.8"53E-06 1.6226E-05 3. 169 1E-05 5.4762E-05 8.696 IE.{)5
160 2.4.. I"E-07 1. 9531E-06 6.59 18E-06 1.5625E-05 3.05 18E-05 5.27HE-05 8.37"E-05
162 2.3 521E-07 1.8817E..Q6 6.3 507E-06 1.5053E'{)5 2,9-W IE-05 5.0805E-05 8.0677E-05
164 22671E-07 1.8137E-06 6. 121 IE-06 IA509E'{)5 2.8339E'{)5 U969E'{)5 7.776 1E-05
166 2. 186IE'{)7 l.7 .. 89E-06 5.9025E-06 1.J99 IE'{)5 2.7327E'{)5 4.722E'{)5 7A98<E'{)5
152
168 2.109E-07 1.6872E-06 5.6941E-06 1.3-'97E-05 2.6362E-05 4.5554E"()S 7.2338E-05
170 2.035' E.()7 1.6283E-06 5.4956E-06 1.3027E'()5 2.544JE.()5 4.3965E.()5 6 .98 I 5E.()5
172 1.9652E.()7 I.5n2E-06 5.306 IE-06 1.2578E'()5 2. ' 565E.()5 , .2449E.()5 6.1408E.()5
174 I 8982E'()1 1.5 I 86E-06 5. I 253E-06 1.2 149E-05 2.3 728E-05 4. 1002E-05 6.51 1E-05
176 1 834)E-07 lA674E-06 -I .9525E-06 1.1739E-05 2.2928E'()5 3.%2E-05 6.29 15E-05
178 1.773IE.()7 I ·H85E-06 4.7874E.{)6 1.1 348E'()5 2.2164E-05 3.83E'()5 6.0818E"'()5
180 1.7 147E..()7 1.3717E.()6 4.6296E-06 I 097.JE"()5 2.1433E-05 ),7037E-05 5.88I3E-05
182 1.6588E'()1 I.327E-06 .. 4787E..()6 l.061 6E-05 2.0135E.()5 3.5829E'()5 5.6896E'()5
184 1 605JE'()1 1.2&.12E-06 43342E-06 1.0214E.()5 2.0066E.()5 3.467-1 E-05 5.506 1E-05
186 1.554E-07 1.2432E-06 4.1959E-06 9.9458E-06 1.9425E-05 3.3567E-05 5.3303E'()5
188 1.505E-07 I.204E-06 ·,-0634E-06 9 .63 18E-06 I.lSSI2E"{)5 3.2507E'()5 5.162E'()5
190 1.4579E-07 1. 1664E-06 3.9364E.()6 9.3308E.()6 1. 8224E.()5 3. 1-I9IE"()5 5.0007E'()5
192 1.4129E'()7 1.1303E-06 J.8 147E.()6 9.0422E-06 1.766 IE'()5 3.0518E.()5 4.846 I E'()5
194 1.3696E.()7 1.0957E-06 3.6919E-06 8.7655E.()6 I.7I2E'()5 2.9583E'()5 4.6917E'()5
196 1.3281E-07 1.0625E.()6 3.5859E.()6 8.4999E-06 1.660 I E'()5 2.8687E.()5 4.5554E.()5
198 1.2883E.()7 1.0306E-06 3A783E-06 8.2 ~ 9E-06 1.6103E-05 2.7826E.()5 4AI87E-05
200 1.25E-07 0 .000001 3.375E-06 0.000008 1.5625E"{)5 0.000027 4.2S75E"{)5
Note: The notation of a number using letter E - called scientific

notation - applies for very low numbers with a large number of
decimal places. To convert a number from scientific notation to its
standard decimal notation, we must move the decimal point to the
left the number of decimal places indicated by the number written
after "E-". For instance, 1.25E-07 converts to 0.000000125, which
means a 0.0000125% probability.
Examples oj using the table:
Find the probability of a cherry occurring three times on a

payline of a 3-reel slot machine with 82 stops on each reel, having 4
cherries on each reel.
We look at the intersection of row t = 82 with column c = 4 and
find the probability P = 0.00011607 = 0.011607%.
Find the probability of a red seven occurring three times on a

pay line of a 3-reel slot machine with 51 stops on each reel, having 5
red sevens on each reel.
153
We observe that 50 < 51 < 52.
find the first probability as 0.001. We look at the intersection of row
t = 50 with column c = 5 and find the second probability as
0.000889.
The sought probability is between 0.000889 and 0.001. We could
choose for instance P = 0.00095 = 0.095% as an approximated
probability .
1.2 Event E2 - Any symbol three times (triple)
The probability of E2 is given by the formula P(E2) = t( ; )3,

where p is the number of distinct symbols of the machine and C; are
the distributions of the p symbols on a reel. For applying this
formula, we must compute the probability of event E, for each of
the p symbols and add them up. This can be done by using p times
the results of the previous section 1.1.
Example:
Find the probability of a triple occurring on the pay line of a
3-reel slot machine with 22 stops on each reel and 8 distinct
symbols, having the following distribution on each reel: 2, 2, 2, 3, 3,
1, 1, 1.
We look in the table of section 1.1 three times, for t = 22 and c
having the following values one at a time: 1, 2, and 3 (it is not
necessary to use that table 8 times, as we get the same values for the
same distribution of the symbols).
We find the probabilities 0.000093914, 0.00075131 , and
0.00253569. Then, the probability of any triple is their sum:
P = 0.000093914 + 0.000093914 + 0.000093914 + 0.00075131 +
+ 0.00075131 + 0.00075131 + 0.00253569 + 0.00253569 =
= 3 x 0.000093914 + 3 x 0.00075131 + 2 x 0.00253569 =
= 0.007607052 = 0.7607052%.
154
1.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly twice
2
The probability of E3 is P( E3) = 3c (t3- c) , where t is the
t
number of stops of a reel and c is the distribution of that symbol on a
reel. This formula returns the following table of values, where the
values of t are listed in increments of 2, ranging from 20 to 200, and
the values of c range from 1 to 7.
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring twice on

a payline
~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.007 125 0.027 0.057375 0.096 0.140625 0.189 0.238875
22 0.0059 166 0.022539-44 0.04817806 O.OS lln O. 11 97..J08 0. 162284 0.20708 11 4
24 0.00499 132 001909722 0.Ot101 563 O.069H444 0.1030816 0. 140615 0.18071257
26 0.00·"26718 00 1638598 003533227 0.06008193 0.0896 1083 0.12289486 0. 15890988
28 0.00368987 0.0 1421283 00307489 1 0.052478 13 0.0785805-l- 0.10823615 0.140625
30 0.00322222 0.0 1H4H4 0.027 0.04622222 0.06944444 0.096 0.12522222
32 0.00283813 0.01098633 0.02389526 O.O-t 10 I 563 0.06 17981 0.08569336 0112 152 1
34 0.0025 1883 0.00977 0.02129554 0.03663749 0.05533788 0.07693873 0. 10098209
36 0.00225051 0.00874-486 0.0 1909722 0 .03292 18 1 0.04983282 0069.a..w4-1 0.09137088
38 0.00202289 0.00787287 0.01122 19 0,02974 194 0.04510497 0.06298294 0.08304782
40 O.()(H82813 0,007125 O.O I S60938 0.027 0,04101563 0.057375 0.07579688
42 0.001660 19 O.oorl47878 0.0 1"'21283 0.0246 1937 0.03745546 0.052478 13 0.06944444
44 0.0015 1437 0.0059 166 0.0129954 0.02253944 0.03433743 0.04817806 0.06385002
46 0.00138695 0.00542451 0.01192776 0.02071176 0.0315916 0.04438235 0.05889907
48 0.00127496 0.00499132 0.0 1098633 0.01909722 0.02916124 0.04 10 1563 0 .0544976 1
50 0.001116 0.004608 0.0 101.52 0.017664 0.017 0.0380 16 0.050568
52 0.001088 13 OQO..l267 18 0.009 ~091 ~ 0.0 1638598 0.0250697 0.03533227 0.047Q.1569
54 0.00 100975 0.00396281 0.OOS74486 0.01524158 0.02333867 0.03292 181 0.0438767
56 0.00093955 0.00368987 0.00814846 0.01421283 0.02178048 0.03074891 0.0410 1563
58 0.00087642 000344418 0.00761 10 1 0.0 1328468 0.02037291 0. O28783 ~ 7 0.03842408
60 0.0008 1944 000322222 0.007115 O.OI2444H 0.0 1909722 0.027 0 .0360694 ~
62 0.00076785 000302105 0 . 00668~07 0.01168 138 0.0 1793746 0.02537679 003392384
64 0.00072098 0.00283813 0.00628281 0.0 1098633 0.01688004 0.02389526 0.03196335
66 0.00067827 0.00267134 0.0059 166 0.01035 145 0.0 159 1326 0.02253944 0.030 16738
68 0.00063925 0.0025 1883 0.00558 149 0.00977 0.0 150271 0.02129554 0.0285 1809
70 O.clOO60H 0.00237901 0.00527405 0.00923615 0.0 14 21283 0.02015 16 0.027
155
72 0 ,00057{)67 0 .00225051 0 ,00499132 0.0087.... 86 0.0134629 0 ,01909722 0 .02559%
74 0 .0005 ..0 .... OJ)()21321S 0,00-'73072 0.00829171 0 .0 1277071 0.018 1233 1 0 .02430508
76 0.00051256 0.00202289 0.00" 8999 0 .00787287 0 .0 111305 0.01722 19 0.02310605
78 0.00048677 0 .00192 181 O.oo.t26718 0 .00748495 0.0 115372 0.01638598 0.02199337
80 0.000. 6289 0.00182813 0.00.06055 0.007 125 0 .01098633 0 .01560938 0.02095898
82 0,00044072 0.00174112 0.00386856 0 .00679038 001047395 0.0148866 1 0.0 1999572
84 0.000420 11 0.00166019 0.00368987 O_OO6-0S78 0 .00999656 0.01421283 0,0 1909122
86 0 .0004009 1 0.00158-177 0.00352327 0 .006 1881 3 0,009.55 105 0 .0 135837 1 0.0 1825783
88 0.00038299 0.0015"37 0.00336771 0.0059 166 0 .009 13";" 0.0129954 0.0 174 7247
90 0 .00036626 0.001 -14856 0 .00322222 0 .00566255 0 .0087 .. 86 O.OI2444·U 0.0 1673663
92 0 .00035059 0 .00138695 0.003085% 0.005-1 2-1 51 0.008379-18 0.QI192776 0.0 1604622
94 0.0003]591 0 ,00132919 0,002958 16 0.00520116 0 .0080]65 1 0.QII -l4255 0.0 153976
96 0 .00032213 O,(X)127.J96 0 .002838 13 O . ~99 1 32 0 .00771")7 0 ,01098633 0 .0 1478746
98 0 .00030918 0 ,00122398 0 .00272527 0.0<»79392 0.00741 082 0 .0 1055683 0.0 14 21283
100 0 .000297 0.00 1176 0 .002619 0.004608 0.007125 0.0 10152 0 .01l671
102 0 .00028552 0 .001 13079 0.0025 1883 0.OOU3268 0.00685539 0 .00977 0.01l 15953
104 0 .000n.17 0 .00108813 0 .ooH2429 0 .0<»267 18 0.0066008 0.00940914 0.0 126762
106 0.OOO26-l48 0 .00 IOH84 0 .00233498 0.0<» 11078 0 .006360 12 0.00906789 0.01221898
108 0 .00025482 0 .00100975 0 .00225051 0003%28 1 0 .00613235 0.00874486 0.0 11 78603
11 0 0.OOOH568 0.0009737 0.00217055 000382269 0.0059 166 0 .00843877 0.01137566
11 2 0.00023702 0.00093955 0.00209.,7 0 .00368987 0 .0057 1204 0.008 14846 0.01098633
11 4 0 .00022882 0 .00090716 0 .00202289 0.00356385 0 .0055 1789 0 .00787287 0.0 106 1663
11 6 0.00022 103 0.OOO87M2 0 .00 195465 0 .003 4+1 18 000.533348 0.0076 110 1 0.01026526
11 8 0.00021363 0.0008472 1 0 .0018898 0 .00333043 0 .005 15815 0.007362 0.00993103
120 0 .0002066 0 .0008194-1 0 .00 1828 13 0 .00322222 0 .00499 132 0 .0071 25 0.00%1285
122 0.00019991 0.00079302 0.00 1769-12 0 .003 11 92 0 .004832.5 0.00689926 0.0093097
124 0 .0001935-1 0 .00076785 0.0017135 0 .00302 105 0 .1X»68105 0 .00668.07 0.00902066
126 0 .00018746 0 .00074386 OJJO I660 19 0 .00292745 0 .0<»53665 0 . ~7878 0.00874486
128 0 .00018 167 0 .00072098 0 .00 160933 0 .00283813 0 .0<»39882 0.00628281 0.00848 15
130 0 .00017615 0 .0006991-1 0 .00 156076 0 .0027528-1 0.004267 18 0.00609558 0.OO8229S6
132 0 .00017087 000067827 0 .00 15 1437 0.00267134 0.()().U4 136 0 .0059166 0 .0079892.
134 0 .00016583 0 .00065833 0 .001 -1 700 1 0.002593-1 0.00-102102 0.0057-1539 0 .00775902
136 0 .000161 0.00063925 0 .00 142757 0.0025 1883 0.00390585 0.00558 149 0 .00753859
138 000015639 0.00062099 0 .00138695 0.00244742 0.00379556 0 .00542451 0 .00732742
140 0 .00015 197 0 .0006035 0 .0()J34803 0 .0023790 1 0.00368987 0.00527405 0 .007 125
142 0000 14 773 0.00058674 0 .00131073 0 .0023 1342 0 .00358853 0.005 12977 0.00693084
144 0 .000 14367 0.00057067 0 .00127496 0.00225051 0 .00349131 0.00499132 0.006744 5 \
148 0 .()(X) 1360-I 0 .0005-1044 0.00120767 0 .00213215 0 .00330836 0 .00473072 0.00639369
150 0.00013244 0.00052622 0.00 1176 0.002076·.. 0.00322222 0 .004608 0.00622844
156
152 0.00012899 0.00051256 0 .00 11 4556 0.00202289 0 .003 1394 1 0.00448999 0.00606952
154 0.00:112568 0.00049942 0.00 111629 0 .00 197138 0.00305975 0 .00437646 0.0059166
156 O.OOO I2HB 0.00048677 000 108813 0.00 19218 1 0,00298308 OOQ.S26718 0 .00576939
158 0 .00011941 0.00047461 0.00106 102 0.00 187409 0.00290925 0.004 16194 0.0056276
160 0.000 11646 0.00046289 0.00 103491 0.00 182813 0.002838 13 0.00406Q55 0.00549097
162 0.0001136 1 O.{)()0.45 16 0.00 100975 0 ,00178383 000276959 000396281 0.00535925
164 0 .000 11 086 0 .00044072 0 .0009855 0 .00 174112 00027035 000386856 0.0052322 1
166 0.0001082 1 0.00043023 0.000962 12 0.00 169993 0 .00263975 0.00377763 0 .00510964
168 0.00010566 0.00042011 0.00093955 0.00166019 000257823 0.00368987 0.00499132
170 0.00010)2 0.00041034 0.00091777 0.00162 182 0.00251883 0.00360m 0.00487706
172 0.000 10082 0.0004009 1 0.00089674 0.00 158477 0 .00246146 0.00352327 0.00476668
174 9.85 19E-05 0.0003918 0OOO871H2 0 ,00154897 0 .00240603 0.0034441 8 0 .00466
176 9.6299E-OS 0 .00038299 0.00085679 O.OO 15U37 0 .0023 52-14 0 .0033671 1 000455686
178 9AI 53E-05 0.00037448 0.0008378 0.00 148092 0.00230063 0.00329376 0.004457 11
180 9.2078E-()5 0.00036626 0.0008 1944 0.00 144856 0.00225051 0.003 22222 0.0043606
182 9.007 IE-05 000035829 000080168 0.00 141725 0.00220202 0.00315299 0004267 18
184 8.8 I 29E-05 0.00035059 0 .00078449 0.00 13&695 0 ,00215507 0.00308596 O.()(» 17674
186 8 .6249E..o5 0 .000343 13 0 .()())76785 0 .1)0135761 0 .002 1096 0.003021 05 0004089 14
188 8--'429E..o5 00003359 1 000075173 0.00 132919 000206556 000295816 000400426
190 8.2665E-05 0.0003289 1 0.0007361 1 0.00 130 165 0.00202289 0.00289722 0.003922
192 8.0956E-05 0.0003221 3 0.00072098 0.00127496 0.00198152 0.0028381 3 0.00384225
194 7.93£..05 0.00031 556 0 .0007063 0.00124908 000194141 00027808-1 0.0037649
196 7.7694E..o5 0 .000309 18 0.00069207 0 .00122398 000 19025 1 0002 72527 0 .00368987
198 7.6136E..o5 0.000303 0.00067827 0.00119963 0 .00 186476 0 .00267 134 0.00361706
200 7.4625E-05 0.000297 0.00066488 0.001176 0.0018281 3 0.0026 19 0.00354638
Example afusing the table:

Find the probability of a plum occurring exactly twice on a
plums on each reel.
find the probability P = 0.03196335= 3.196335%.
157
1.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly twice (double)
The probability of E4 is given by the formula
3(cf(t-c)
=L
p
P(E4 ) 3
I I , where p is the number of different
i= 1 t
symbols of the machine and ci are the distributions of the p symbols
on a reel. For applying this formula, we must compute the
probability of event E3 for each of the p symbols and add them up.
This can be done by using p times the results of the previous section
1.3 .
Example:
Find the probability of a double occurring on the pay line of a
3-reel slot machine with 30 stops on each reel and 10 distinct
symbols having the following distribution on each reel : 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
2, 2, 2, 3, 3.
We look in the table of section 1.3 three times, for t = 30 and c
having the following values one at a time : 1, 2, and 3.
We find the probabilities 0.00322222, 0.01244444, and 0.027.
Then, the probability of any double is their sum:
P = 0.00322222 + 0.00322222 + 0.00322222 + 0.00322222 +
+ 0.00322222 + 0.01244444 + 0.01244444 + 0.01244444 + 0.027 +
+ 0.027 = 5 x 0.00322222 + 3 x 0.01244444 + 2 x 0.027 =
= 0.10744442= 10.74442%.
1.5 Event E5 - A specific symbol exactly once
The probability of Es is peEs) = 3c (t -; C) 2 , where t is the

t
158
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring exactly
once on a pay line
c I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.135375 0 .243 0.325125 0.3&1 0.42 1875 0.441 0 .443625
22 0 . 12424869 0.22539-1·'-1 0.305 12772 0.365 13899 0.407 1187 1 0 .43275733 0 .4-1)7-153
24 O. 114800H 0.2100694-1 028710938 0 .34722222 0.39 171007 0.42 1875 OA390 191
26 0.10667956 019663177 0.27088075 0 .3304506 1 0.3763655 0.40964952 0 .43132681
28 0.09962646 0.18<76676 0.2562<089 0.3 1<8688 0.36 14 71).18 0.39686589 0.421875
30 0.093' .... 0.17<22222 0.243 0 .30044-1" 0.34722222 0.3&1 0.411 ".$444
32 0.087982 18 0.16479"92 0 .23098755 0.287 10938 0.33370972 0.37 133789 0.4005<321
34 0.08312131 0.15631997 0 .22005394 0.274781 19 0.3209597 0 .35904743 0.389502)4
36 0.078768 0.14866255 0.210069.14 O.26337H9 0.30896348 0.34722222 0 .37853652
38 0.07<84692 0.1 417 11 62 0.200922 15 0.25280653 0.29769281 0.33590902 0.3677832
40 0.07129688 0. 135375 0.19251563 0.243 0.287 10938 0.325125 0 .35732813
42 0.0680677 0. 12957564 0.18476676 0.23388403 0.27717039 0.3 148688 0.34722222
44 0 .06511786 0.11424869 0 . 17760378 0.22539444 0.26783199 0.30512772 0 .33749296
46 0 .0624 1267 0 . 1193392 0 . 170964-19 0 .21747349 0.259051 12 0.2958823 0 .32815197
48 0.05992296 0 .11480035 0 . 16479492 0 .21006944 0.25078668 0.287 10938 0.3 192003
50 0.Ol762< 0.110592 0. 159048 0.203 136 0.243 0.2787&1 0.310632
52 0.0554947 1 0 . 10667956 0 15368258 0 . 19663177 0 .235655 15 0.27088075 0 .30243656
54 0 .0535 1699 0 . 10303307 0 . 14866255 0 . 19051974 0.22871895 0 .263 37449 0 .29460067
56 0 .05167525 0 .09962646 0 . 14395613 0 . 18476676 0 .222 16085 0 .25624089 028710938
58 0 .04995592 0.096<3692 0.1395352< 0.17934315 0.2 1l95289 0.2<9<5672 0.2799469
60 0.04834722 0 .0934~4 01 35375 0.17<22222 0.2 1006944 0 .243 0 .27309722
62 0 .0468388 1 0 .09063 14 0 . 13 145329 0 . 16938001 0 .20448709 0.23685006 0.26654443
64 0 .04542 16 008798218 0 . 1277504 0 .164 79492 0 . 199 1844 2 0 .23098755 026027298
66 0.04408757 0 .08548293 0.12424869 0 . 16044745 0. 19-114 183 0 .22539444 0.25<26789
68 0.1).1282961 0.083 12131 0.12093235 0.1563\997 0. 18934 1<2 0.2200l39< 0.2485 1478
70 0.0·-11 64 14 0.0808863 0 .11 778717 0.1523965 0.18476676 0.2 1495044 0 .243
72 0.0405173 0.078768 0 . 1I4SOO35 0 . 14866255 0.18040284 0 .2 1006944 0 .23771058
74 0 .03945225 0 .07675755 0 . 1119603 0 . 14510493 0.17623586 0.20539751 0.2326343
76 0.038441 74 0.07484692 0 . 10925654 0 .141 7 1162 0. 17225315 0.200922 15 0.2277596
78 0.037<8167 0.07302888 0.10667956 0.138<7165 0.1684<308 0.19663177 0.22307566
80 0.03656836 0.07129688 0.11).12207 0.135375 0.16479<92 0. 1925 1563 0.2 1857227
82 0 .03569848 0.0696-1496 0.10187207 0 . 1324 12-1- 7 0. 16 129881 0 . 18856372 0 .2 1423985
84 0 .0348690 1 0 .0680677 0 .09962646 0 . 1295756-1 0. 15794562 0 . 18476676 02 1006944
86 0 .034077 19 0.066560 18 009747727 0 . 12685675 0.1547269< 0.1811 16 13 0.2060526 1
159
88 0.03332052 0.065 11786 0 .09541 845 0 . 12424869 0. 15163 499 0. 17760378 0.202 18145
90 0.0325967 1 0.06373663 0.093444.... 0. I2 m486 0. 14866255 0. 17422222 0.19844856
92 0.03 190366 0.0624 1267 0.09 1550 15 0.11 93392 0. 14580294 0. 17096449 0.19484697
94 0.03 123947 Q,06 I IU52 0,08973084 0 11702609 0 14)04995 0. 16782409 0.19137017
96 0 .03060235 0.05992296 0.087982 18 O.114W035 0. 14039781 0 . 16479492 0. 1880 1202
98 0.02999069 0,05875103 0.086300 14 0.11 2657 14 0. 1378411 6 0. 16 187 133 0.18476676
100 0.029403 0.057624 0.08468 1 0. 11 0592 0. 135375 0. 159048 0. 181629
102 0.02883789 0.05653934 0.083 12 13 1 0.10860076 0. 13299466 0. 1563 1997 0.17859364
104 0.02829409 0.055494' 1 0.08 161787 0 . 10667956 0. 1306958 0. 15368258 0 1756559
106 0.02777041 O.OSH S79) 0.080 16769 0. 10482479 0 , 1284743" 0 . 15 11 31 47 0 . 1728 1128
108 0.02726576 0,0535 1699 0.078768 0,10303307 0 , 12632649 0. 14866255 0. 17005554
110 0.0267791] 0 ,05258002 0.07741623 0. 10 1301 28 0. 12424 869 0.' 4627198 0.16738467
11 2 0.02630953 0.05 167525 0,07610995 0.09962646 0. 12223758 0. 143956 13 0.16479492
11 4 0.0258561) 0.05080 106 0.07484692 0.09800586 0. 12029005 0 . 141 7 1162 0 . 16228273
116 0.0254 1809 0 .04995592 0.07362502 0.0%43692 0. 1I 840J 15 0. 13953524 0.15984473
118 0.02499464 0.04913842 0.0724-'229 0 .0949 172 0 . 116574 11 0. 137423 98 0 . 151-'7776
120 0.02458507 0.04834722 0.07 129688 0.09344444 0. 11480035 0. 1353 75 0.155 17882
122 0.0241887 0.04758108 0.070 18704 0.0920 165 1 0.11 30794 0. 13338561 0.15294507
124 0.0238049 004683881 0 .069 1111 6 0.090631 4 0 . 11140896 0 . 13 145329 0.15077383
126 0 .02343309 0.0461 1933 0.06!S0677 O.fl!S92872 1 0 . 10978686 0 . 12957564 0 . 14866255
128 0 .02307272 0 .0-4 5-'216 0.0670 5523 0 .087982 18 0 . 1082 1104 0. 1277504 0 . 14660883
130 0 .02272326 0.04474465 0.06607237 0 .0867 146 1 0.10667956 0 . 12597542 0 . 14461038
132 0.02238422 0.04408757 0.065 11 786 0.08548293 0. 105 19059 0.12424869 0.14266503
134 0.022055 16 0 .04H4949 0.064 19049 0.08428563 0. 1037424 0. 12256827 0 . 14077072
136 0 .02 173562 0.0428296 1 0.0612K912 0 .083 1213 1 0 . 10233333 0 . 12093235 0 . 1389255 1
138 0 .02 142521 0 .042227 15 0.0624 1267 0 .08 198862 0. 100% 185 0 . 1193392 0.137 12752
140 0.02112354 0.04 164 14 0.06 1560 13 0.0808863 0.09962646 0. 11 7787 17 0. 135375
142 0.02083025 0.04107166 0.06073053 0.0798 13 14 0.09832577 0. 11 627472 0.1lJ66626
144 0 .02054499 0 .0.w5173 0.059922% 0 .0 78768 0.09705846 0. 11480035 0. 1319997
148 0 .0 1999727 0 .03945225 0.05837049 0 .07675755 0.0946 1896 0 .111 9603 0 . 128787 1
150 0.0 1973422 0.03894044 0.057624 0 .07579022 0.09344-'44 0. 110592 0 . 12723822
152 0.0 19478 0 .03844)74 0 .05689633 0 .07484692 0.0922986 1 0. 10925654 0.12572584
154 0.0 1922835 0.03795564 0.056 18679 0.07392675 0.09118043 0. 10795277 0. 12424869
156 0 .0 1898501 0.03748167 0 .05549471 0.07302888 0.09008892 0. 10667956 0.12280556
158 0 .0 1874 776 0.03701938 0 .0548 1945 0 .t)72 1525 1 0.08902111 0 . 105-'3588 0.12139532
160 0 .0 1851636 0.03656836 0 .05-' 1604 0 .07 129688 0.087982 18 0 . 1042207 0 . 1200 1685
162 00 182906 0.036128 19 0.05351699 0.07046 126 0.086%52 0. 10303307 0. 11 86691
164 0.0 1807028 003569848 0.05288868 0 .06%4496 0.08597139 0. 10187207 0.11 735 107
166 0.0 1785521 0 .03527887 0.05227493 0 .06884732 0 .08499997 0 . 1(07)681 0 . 11 606 179
160
168 0.01764519 0.0348690 1 0.05 167525 O.06H0677 0.08405018 0 .09962646 0.11 480035
170 0.01744006 O.O34~6855 0.051089 15 0.06730552 0 .08312\31 0 .0985402 0 .11 356585
172 O.Ol7239tH 0 .0) .107719 0 .03051619 0 .066S6018 0.08221269 00974772" 0.1123574-&
174 0.01704377 O.03369.J.6 1 0,04995592 0 ,06583 114 0 ,08 132366 009643692 0 .111 17432
176 O.Oll)S,523! 0.03332052 0.04940794 0.0651 1786 0 .080<536 0.0954 1845 0 .llOO 157 1
178 0 .01666509 0.03295-'64 0 .04887183 0 .06441985 00796019 009442117 0 .10888085
180 0.0 16482 0.0325%7 1 0.04834722 0 .06373663 0 .078768 0 .0934"'-'44 0 ,10776903
182 0.0 1630288 0.03224646 0.04783375 0 .0630677 1 O.07795IlS 0.09248764 0. 10667956
184 0 .016 12761 0.03190366 0 .04733106 0.062.11261 0 .01715141 0 .09155015 0 .10561178
186 0.01595607 0 .0) 156807 0.0468388 1 0 .06177108 0 .07636768 0 .0906314 0 .10456504
188 0.0 15788 14 0.03 123947 0.04635669 0.06 11 4252 0.07559967 0 .0897308' 0 ,10353875
190 0 .01562371 0 .03091763 0 .04588439 0 .06052661 0.07484692 0 .08884794 0 .10253229
192 0 .01546266 0 ,03060235 O.()..ISHI6 0.05992296 007410897 0.087982 18 0101545 12
194 0.0153049 1 0.0302934) 0 .0",",96805 0.05933122 0.0733854 0 .087 13307 0 .10057669
196 0 .01515034 0 .02999069 004452346 0 .05875103 0 .07267579 0 .0863001' 0 .09962646
198 0 .01499886 0 .02969394 004408757 0 .05818207 0.07197975 008548293 009869393
200 0.0 14 85038 0 .029403 0 .043660 13 0 .0 57624 0 .07 129688 0 .084681 0 .09777863
Example afusing the table:

Find the probability of a bandit occurring exactly once on a
payline of a 3-reel slot machine with 90 stops on each reel having 2
bandits on each reel.
find the probability P = 0.06373663 = 6.373663%.
1.6 Event E6 - Any combination of two specific symbols
The probability of E6 is P(E6) = CIC2(C~ + c2 ) , where t is the

t
number of stops of a reel and c1 and c2 are the distributions of the
two symbols on a reel. This formula returns the following tables of
values, each one for one fixed value of c1 from 1 to 7 and the values
of t ranging each time from 20 to 200 in increments of 2.
161
Tables ofvalues for the probability of any combination of two specific
symbols occurring on a payline
Table 1: c 1 = 1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0.00025 0.00075 0.00 15 0.0025 000375 0.00525 0.007
22 0.000 18783 0.00056349 0.001 12697 0.00187829 0.0028 1743 0.0039444 0.0052592
24 O.OOO l~468 O.OOO4J.lOJ 0 .00086806 000 144676 0 .002170)4 0.003038 19 0.00405093
26 0 .000 11 379 O.OOO)·H)7 0.0006827.5 0 .00113792 0 .00 170687 0.00238962 0.00318616
28 9. I I08E..{),5 0.00027332 0 .00054665 0.0009 1108 0.00 136662 0.00 191327 0 .00255 102
30 74074E-O,5 0.00022222 0.00044444 0 .00074074 0.00111 111 0.00155556 0.00207407
32 6. 1035E-05 0000 18311 0.0003662 1 0.0006 1035 0.00091553 0.00128174 0.00170898
34 5.0885E-05 0.000 15266 0.00030531 0.00050885 0.00076328 0 .00 106859 0.00142479
36 ·U867E..{lS 0,0001286 0.0002572 0.000-l2867 O.()(X}(H) 0 .0009002 1 0.00120027
38 3.6H8E"()5 0,00010935 0 .00021869 0.00036448 0.00054673 0.00076542 0.00 102056
40 0.00003 125 0.00009375 0.0001875 0.0003 125 0 .00046875 0.00065625 0.000875
42 2.6995E-05 8.0985E-05 0.000 16197 0.00026995 0.00040492 0.00056689 0.00075586
44 2.)419E-05 7.0436E-05 O.oeX)l 4087 0.0002)479 0 .000352 18 0.00049305 0 .0006574
46 2.0547E..()5 6.16·UE"()5 0.00012328 0.000205.0 0.00030821 0.<)004)15 0.00057533
48 1.808-lE-05 5A25)E-05 0.000 1085 1 0 ,00018084 0.00027 127 0.00037977 0.00050637
50 0.0000 16 0.000048 0.000096 0.00016 0.00024 0.000336 OJ)OO448
52 1.4224E-05 4.2672E-05 8.5344E-05 0.00014224 0.00021336 0.0002987 0.00039827
54 1.270lE-05 3.8 104E-05 7.6208E-05 0.000 12701 0.000 19052 0.00026673 0.0003556-'
56 1.I)88E-05 3.-' 165E-05 6.8331E-05 0000 11388 0.00017083 0.00023916 0.OOC)3 1888
58 1.0251E-05 3.0752E-05 6. 1503E-05 0.000 1025 1 0.000 15376 0.00021526 0.00028701
60 9.2593E-06 2.7778E-05 5.5556E-05 9.2593E-05 0.00013889 0.000 19-'-'-' 0.00025926
62 8.3918E-06 2.5175E-05 5.035 I E-05 8.3918E-05 0.00012588 0 .00017623 0.00023497
64 7.629-'E-06 2.2888E-05 4.5776E-05 7.6294E-05 0.0001 1-'44 0.00016022 0.00021362
66 6.9566E-06 2087E-05 -' .174E-05 6.9566E-OS O.OOOIO.t35 0.00014609 0.00019-179
68 6.3607E-06 1.9082E-OS 3.816-1E-05 6.3607E-05 9.5-1IE-05 0.00013357 0.0001781
70 58309E-06 1 7-'93E-05 3.-'985E-05 5.8309E-05 8.746-1 E-05 0.000 122-'S 0.000 16327
72 5.3 584E-06 1.6075E-05 3.2 15E-05 5.3584E-05 8.0376E-05 0.00011253 0.000 15003
74 4.9355E-06 1 -'807E-05 2.96J3E-05 4.9355E-05 7.4033E-05 0.000 10365 0.000 1382
76 45561E-06 1.3668E-05 2.7336E-05 4.556IE-05 6.8.14 IE-05 9.5677E-05 0.000 12757
78 4.21-'5E-06 1.26-1-1E-05 2.5287E-05 4.2145E-05 6.3218E-05 8.8505E-05 0.0001 1801
80 3.9063E-06 1.1719£-05 2.3-B8E-OS 3.9063E-05 5.8594E-05 8.203 1E-05 0.000 10938
82 3.6273E-06 1.0882E-05 2. I 764E-05 3.6273E-05 5.4-'IE-05 7.6 174E-05 0.00010 157
162
84 3.37~4 E-06 I.Ol23E-OS 2.0246E-<l5 3.3744E-<l5 5.06 I 5E-<l5 7.0862E..()5 94482E.{)5
86 3. 1.... 4E..Q6 9.433 1E-06 1.88()(jE..()5 3. 1444E..o5 4.7166E-05 6 .6032E-05 8.8()..nE"()S
88 2.9348E-06 8.8045&06 1.7609E-O,5 2.9).18E-05 44022E-OS 61631E-05 8.2 175E'()S
90 2 .7435E-06 8.2305 E-06 1.6461E-05 2.7435E-05 41 152E"{)S 5.76I3E"'()5 7.6818&05
92 2.S684E...Q6 7.7053E.{)6 1.541 1E-05 2.5684E-<l5 3.8526E-<l5 53937&05 7.1916E-<l5
94 H ()79E.{)6 7.2238E.{)6 1.4448E-<l5 2.4079E-<l5 36119E-<l5 5.0567E-<l5 6.7422E-<l5
96 2.2606E.{)6 6.78 17&06 1.l563E-<l5 2.2606E-<l5 3.3908E-<l5 " 7472E-05 6.3296E-<l5
98 2. 125E-06 6. 3749E-06 1.275E-05 2. 125E-05 3. 1874E-05 4.4624E.(I5 5.9499E..()5
100 0.000002 0.000006 0.000012 0.00002 0.00003 0.000042 0.000056
102 U~846E-06 5.6539E-06 1.1 308E-<l5 1.8846E-<l5 2827E-<l5 3 9578E-<l5 5.277E-<l5
104 I.77KE-<l6 5.334E.()6 1.0668E-<l5 1.778E-<l5 2.667E-<l5 3. 7338E-<l5 4.9784E-05
106 1.6792E-06 5.0377E-06 1.0075E-05 l.6792E-05 2.5 I 89E-<l5 3.5264E-<l5 4.7019E-05
108 1.5877E-06 4763E-06 9526E.()6 1.5877E-05 2.38 15E-05 3.33 41E-05 " 4455E-05
110 1.5026E-06 4.5079E-06 9.0 I 58E.()6 1.5026E-05 2.253 9E-05 3. I 555E-<l5 42074E-QS
112 1.4236E.{)6 4.2707E-06 8.54 14E..Q6 1.4 236E-05 2. 1353E-05 2.9895E-<l5 3.986E-<l5
114 iJ499E.{)6 4.0498E.Q6 80997E.Q6 1.3499E-05 2.0249E-<l5 2.8349E-<l5 3 7798E-<l5
116 1 281JE-<l6 3.8439E.Q6 7.6879E.Q6 1. 2813E-05 1.922E-<l5 2.6908E-<l5 35877E-<l5
118 1.2173E-06 3.6518E.{)6 7.3036E..()6 1,2 173E-05 1.8259E-<l5 2.5562E-<l5 3..1083E-05
120 11574E.Q6 34722E.Q6 69444E.Q6 1.1574E-05 1.736IE-05 2.4-306E-05 3.2407E-05
122 1.I0 1"'E-06 3.3042E.()6 6.6085E-06 1.I01 ... E-05 1.6521E-<l5 2.313E-05 3.084E-05
124 1.049E-06 J. 1469E.()6 6.2938E<)6 1.049E-<l5 1.5735E-<l5 2.2028E-<l5 2.937 1E-05
126 9.9981E-07 2.9994E.Q6 5.9989E-06 9.998IE.{)6 1..1997E-05 2.0996E-05 2.7995E-05
128 9.5]67E-07 2.86IE-06 5.722E416 9.5]67E-06 1.... 305E-05 2.0027E-05 2.6703E-05
130 9.103]E-07 2. 73 1E-06 5,462E416 9.1033E-06 1,3M5£..05 1.9117E-05 2.5489E-05
132 8.6958E-07 2,6087E.{16 5.2175E.Q6 8.6958E.Q6 1.3044E-05 1.8261E-05 2.4348E-05
134 8.3 122E-<l7 2.4937E.Q6 4.9873E.Q6 8.J122E.Q6 1.2468E-<l5 1.7456E-<l5 2.3274E-<l5
136 7.9508E-<l7 2.3 853E-<Xi 4.7705E-06 7.9508E-06 1.1 926E-<l5 1.6697E-05 2.2262E-<l5
138 7.6 10 1E-07 2.283E-06 ·t566 I E-06 7.6 IO I E-06 1.I ... 15E-05 l.598 1E-05 2. )308E-05
140 72886E..()7 2.I866E.Q6 4.3732E.{16 7.2886E.{16 I.09JJE-<l5 i.S]06E-05 2.0408E-<l5
142 6.985E-07 2.0955E-06 ... . 19IE..()6 6.985E.Q6 1.0477E-05 1.4668E-<l5 1.9558E-<l5
144 6.698E-<l7 2.oo94E.Q6 4.0 I 88E.Q6 6.698E.Q6 l.oo47E-<l5 I .4066E-05 1.8754E-<l5
148 6169... E-07 1.8508E.Q6 3.70 17E.Q6 6.169... E-06 9.B"'IE-06 1.2956E-<l5 1.7274E-<l5
150 5.9259E-07 1.7778E-06 3.5556E-06 5.9259E-06 8.8889&06 1.2444E-05 1.6593E-05
152 5.6951E-07 i .7085E.{16 3. 417E-06 5.695 1E-06 8.54 26E-06 1. 196E-05 1.59... 6E-05
154 54761E-07 16428E.Q6 3.2856E.Q6 5.476IE.Q6 8.21"'IE-06 1.15&05 1.5JJ3E-<l5
156 5.268IE-<l7 1.5804E.()6 3. 1609E-06 5.268 1E-06 7.9022E-06 !.l063E-05 L475IE-<l5
158 5.0706E-<l7 i.52 12E-()6 3.0424E-06 5.0706E.Q6 7.6059E.Q6 1.0648E-05 1.4 198E-05
160 ... 8828E-07 1.4648E.{16 2.9297E-06 ....8828E-06 7.3242E-06 1.025"'E-05 1.3672E-05
162 .... 7D42E-07 1.41 13E-06 2.822SE.Q6 4.7042E-06 7.0563E.Q6 9.8788E.Q6 UI72E-<l5
163
164 " . 5J~2E.{)7 1.3603E-OO 2.7205E-OO -l.5342E-06 6.80 13E-OO 9.5218E-OO 1.2696E-<)5
166 U723E-<>7 1.3117E-OO 2.6234E-06 ·U723E-06 65584E-OO 9. 1817E-06 1.2242E-<>5
168 4.218E-<>7 1.2654E-06 2.5308E-06 4.218E-OO 6.3269E-06 8.8577E-06 1.1 81E-<)5
170 " .0708E-07 1.2212E-06 2.4 .. 25E-06 ... 0708E-06 6 . 1062E-06 8 .5487E-06 1, 1)98E"()5
172 3.9305E-07 1.1 79 1E-06 2.3583E-06 3. 9305E-06 5.8957E-06 8.254E..()6 1. I OO5E-05
174 3.7%5E.{)7 I. 1389E-06 22779E-06 3. 7965E-06 56947E-06 7.9726E-06 1.063E"()5
176 3.6685E-<>7 I.l 006E-06 2.201I E-06 3.6685E-<)6 5.5028E-<)6 7.7039E-<)6 I.0272E"()5
178 3.5463E-<>7 1.0639E-06 2. 1278E-06 3.5463E-06 5.3 194E-06 7.447 1E-06 9.9295 E-06
180 3.4294E-07 1.0288E-06 2.0576E-OO 3 ... 294E-06 5 144E-06 7.20 16E-06 9.6022E-06
182 3.3 175E-07 9 .9526E..()7 1.9905E-06 3,] 175E-06 ... .9763E-06 6 .9668E-06 9.289 1E-06
184 3.2J05E..()7 9.6316E..()7 1.9263E..()6 3.2 105£-06 4.8 158E-06 6.742IE-06 8.9895E-06
186 3. 108 1E-07 9,3242E..()7 1.8648E..()6 3. 108 1E-06 4.6621E-06 6.527E-06 8.7026E-<>6
188 30099E-<>7 90298E-<>7 1.806E-<>6 30099E-06 4.5 1"9E-06 6.3209E-<>6 8.4278E-06
190 29159E..o7 8.7H6E.{)7 1.7495E-06 2.9 159E..Q6 4.3738E-<>6 6 .1233E-06 8.1645E-<>6
192 2.8257E-07 8A771E..()7 1.6954E-06 2.8257E-06 4. 2386E-06 5.934E-06 7.9 12E-06
194 2.7392E..()7 82 176E'()7 1.6·HSE-06 2.7392E-06 4.1088E.()6 5.7523E..()6 7.6698E..()6
196 2 . 6562E~7 7 . 9686E~7 1.5937E-06 2.6562E...()6 3.9843E..Q6 5 . 578E~6 7A374E..()6
198 25765E~7 7 . 7296E~7 i .5-1-59E...()6 2.5765E..()6 1.8648E-<>6 5.4107E-06 7.2143E-<l6
200 0.00000025 0.00000075 0.0000015 0.0000025 0.00000375 0.00000525 0.000007
Table 2: c , =2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
~
t
20 0.00075 0.002 0.00375 0.006 0.00875 0.0 12 0.0 1.575
22 0.00056349 0.00150263 0.0028 1743 0.00-1-.50789 0.006.574 0.00901578 0.0 11 8332 1
24 0.OOOUW3 0.001 157"1 0.(1021701" 0.003"7222 0.00506366 0.0069-'444 0.009 11-4 58
26 0.0003-1-137 0.00091033 0.00170687 0.00273 1 0.0039827 0.005-1-6199 0.007 16887
28 0.00027332 0.00072886 0.00136662 0.00218659 0.00318878 0.00437318 0.0057398
30 0.00022222 0.00059259 0.00 111111 0.00 177778 0.(>0259259 0.00355556 0.00466667
32 0.00018311 000048828 0.0009 1553 0.00 146-1-8-1- 0.00213623 0.00292969 0.0038-1-52 1
34 0.00015266 0.000-1-0708 0.00076328 0.00 122 125 0.00 178099 0.002-1-425 0.00320578
36 0.0001286 0.0003-1-29-1- 0.000643 0.0010288 1 0.O()i5003-1- 0.0020576 1 0.00270062
38 0.00010935 0.00029159 0.000.5-l-673 0.00087476 0.00 12757 0.00 174953 0.00229625
40 0.00009375 0.00025 0.()()(:}-l-6875 0.00075 0.0010937.5 0.0015 0.00 196875
42 8.0985E-05 0.00021596 0.()()().«»92 0.00064788 0.0009"482 0.00129576 0.00 170068
44 7.0-1-36E-05 0.00018783 0.00035218 0.000563-1-9 0.00082 175 0.00 11 2697 0.00 14 791~
46 6. 1().I2E-05 0.00016438 0.00030821 0.()()()-l-931-1- 0.0007 19 16 0.00098627 0.00 129449
48 5.4253E-<>5 0.00014468 0.00027127 0.00043403 0.00063296 0.00086806 0.00 113932
164
50 O.()()()()48 0 .000 128 0 .00024 O.OOO3fW 0 .00056 OJXI0768 0.00 1008
52 ·U672E.()5 0.000 11379 0 .0002 1336 O.OOOH I37 0,00049784 0.00068275 0 .000896 11
54 3.8 104E.()5 0 .00010161 0 .000 19052 0 .00030483 0.000444 55 0.00060966 0 .000800 18
56 H 165E.()5 9. 1I 08E.()5 0000 17083 0 .00027332 0.0003986 0.00054665 000071747
58 3.0752E.(),5 8 . 2()().lE~ 5 0 .000 15376 0 .0002460 1 0 ,00035877 O . ~920) O.()()()64578
60 2.7778E-O,5 74074E.(),5 0 .00013889 0 .00022222 0 .00032407 O.()OO.. 44.... 0000,58333
62 25 175E"()S 6 .7134E-OS 0000 12588 0.00020 1" 0.0002937 1 O,OQO.I028 1 0 .00052868
64 2.2888E'()5 6 . 1035E'()5 0 .0001 1444 0 .000 183 11 0 .00026701 0 .0003662 1 0.00048065
66 2.087E'()5 5.5653E.()5 0 .000 10435 0 .000 16696 0.OOO24 J 48 0.OOO33J92 0 .00043827
68 1.9082E.()5 5.0885E"()S 9.5-1 IE"()S 0 .000 15266 0.00022262 0 .0003053 1 0.000-10072
70 1.7493E-05 Hi647E-05 8.7-«HE...QS 0 .00013994 0 .00020408 0 .00027988 0 .00036735
72 1.6075E-05 4.2867E-05 8.0376E-{)5 0,000 1286 0 .000 18754 0 .0002572 0 .00033758
74 14807E-05 3.9484E.()5 7A033E..()S 0.000 11 845 0 .000 1727-1 0 .0002369 1 0 .00031094
76 1.3668E.()5 3.6+l8E'()5 6 .834IE'()5 0 .OOO109J5 0.000 15946 0 .0002 1869 0 .00028703
78 1.2&l"\E..Q5 3. 3716E-05 6.3218E-05 0 .000 10 115 0.000 14751 0.0002023 0 .0002655 1
80 1.I719E.oS 0.00003 125 5.859-1E"'()S 0 .00009375 0.000 13672 0.000 1875 0 .00024609
82 1.0882E-05 2.9019E..()5 5.44I E-05 8.7056E'()5 0.000 12696 0.000 174 11 0 .00022852
84 1.0 123E..(I5 2.6995E.()5 5.06 15E..o5 8.0985E-05 0 .000 11 8 1 0 .000 16 197 0 .00021259
86 9..1 33 1E-06 2.5 155E-05 --4 .7166E-05 7.5465 E.()5 0.000 11 005 0.000 15093 0 .000 198 1
88 8.8045E.()6 23479E'()5 H 022E.()5 704J6E'()5 0.000 10272 0.000 14087 0 .0001 8489
90 8.2305E-06 2.19--'8E-05 --'. 1152E-05 6 .58+1E'()5 9.6022E'()5 0 .00013 169 0 .000 172&4
92 7 . 705 3 E~ 205--'7E-05 3 8526E-05 6 . 16""'2E-05 8.9895E-05 0000 12328 0 .000 16 181
94 7.2238E.()6 1 9264E.()5 3.6 11 9E-05 5.779 IE'()5 8.4278E-05 0000 11 558 0 .000 1517
96 6 . 7817E~ 1.8084E.()5 3. 3908E'()5 5.--'253E-05 7.9 12E.()5 0 .000 1085 1 0.0001 4242
98 63749E.()6 1 7E-05 3. 187--4 E-05 5.0999E'()5 7.4374E-05 0 .000 102 0 .00013 387
100 0.000006 0 .0000 16 0 .00003 0 .000048 0 .00007 0 .000096 0 .000 126
102 56539E-06 1..5077E-05 2.827E-05 --' 5231E-05 6 .596JE'()5 9.0""'63E..o5 0 .000 11 873
104 5.334E-06 1 --'22--, E..o5 2667E-05 4.2672E-05 6 .223E'()5 8.53--'--'E-{)5 0 .000 11 201
106 5.0377E.()6 1.J434E'()5 2.5 189E'()5 4.0302E'()5 5.8773E'()5 8.060JE.()5 0.00010579
108 4.763E.()6 1.270 1E'()5 2.3815E..o5 3.8 1O--'E..o5 55568E.()5 7.6208E'()5 0.000 10002
11 0 4.5079E-06 1.2021E-05 2.2539E'()5 3.6063E-05 5.2592E-05 7.2 126E'()5 9..1666E-05
11 2 --'.2707E-06 I . 1388E-05 2. 1353E-05 3..1 165E-05 4.9825E-05 6 .8331E-05 8.9684E'()5
11 4 4.0-'98E-06 1.08E-05 2.02-'9E-05 3.2399E'()5 4.7248E-05 6 ..1797E-05 8 .5046E'()5
11 6 3.8-'39E-06 1.025 1E-05 1.922E.()5 3.0752E'()5 4.4846 E'()5 6 .1503E.()5 8.0721E'()5
118 3.6518E-06 9.738IE.()6 1. 8259E'()5 2.92 U E-05 4.260--' E-05 5.8429E.()5 7.6687E'()5
120 3. H22E-06 9.2593E.()6 1.736 1E-05 2.7778E-05 4.0509E-05 5.S556E-OS 729 17E-OS
122 3.3042E.()6 8.8 113E-06 1.652 IE ..05 1.6--'3-' E-05 3.8549E-05 5.1868E-05 6 .9389E-05
124 3. 1469E.()6 8.3918E.()6 15735E-05 2.5175E..o5 3.67 14E-05 5.035IE.()5 6 .6085E'()5
126 29994 E.()6 7.9985E.()6 1.4997E.()5 2.J995E.()5 J .499JE'()5 4.799 I E.()5 6 .2988E'()5
165
128 2.86IE-<)6 76294~ 1.4305E.()5 2.2888E.()5 3.3379E'()5 4.5776E.()5 6.008 1E'()5
130 2.73IE-<)6 7.2827~ U655E.()5 21848E'()5 3. 1862E'()5 4.3696E'()5 5.7351E-05
132 2.6087&06 6.9566E-{)6 1.30H E-05 2087E.()5 3.0·USE-OS 4.1 74E'()5 5.4783E'()5
134 2A937E~ 66498E-06 1 246!:lE-O,5 1.99HE.{)5 2.9093E"{)5 3.9899E...()5 S.2367E.()5
136 2.385 3E.()6 6.3607E.()6 1.1926E-05 1 9082E.{lS 2,7828E...(I5 3.8 164E..05 5.009E.()5
138 2.283E-06 6.088 1E-06 1.1 4 15E-OS 1.8264E.()5 26635E'()5 3.6529E'()5 4.7944E'()5
140 2 1866E.()6 58309E.()6 1.0933 E'()5 1.7493E'()5 2.55 IE'()5 3.4985E.()5 459 18E'()5
142 2.0955E-06 5.588E-<)6 1 . O~77E-05 \ ,6764-E·05 2..144 7E-05 3.3528E-OS 4A005E-05
144 2.0094E-06 5.3 584E-06 10047E-05 1.6075E-05 2.3443E-05 3.2 15E'()5 4.2197E-05
148 1.8508E-06 .t,93 55E-06 9.254 1E..()6 1.4807E"()S 2. 1593E-05 2.%I3E-05 3.8867E-05
150 1.7778E-06 ·U407E-06 8.8889E-06 1.4222E.()5 2.074I E.()5 2.8444E.()5 3.73JJE'()5
152 1.7085E-06 4.556 1E-06 8.5426E-06 1.3668E-05 1.9933E'()5 2.7336E-05 3.5879E-05
154 1.6428E-06 4 .3808E.()6 8.214I E-06 1.3 143£-05 1.9 166E-05 2.6285£..05 3.4.499E-05
156 L5804E...Q6 4.2 14SE-06 7.9022E-06 1.2644E-05 1.8..1.38E'{),5 2.5287E-05 3.3 189E-05
158 1.52 12E-06 4.0565E-06 7.6059E-06 1.2 169E-OS 1. 7747E-05 2.4339E'()5 3. 1945E-05
160 1.4648E-06 3.9063E-06 7.3242E-06 1.17 19E'()5 I.709E.()5 2.3438E'()5 3.0762E-OS
162 I.4I IJE-<)6 3.7634E-06 7.0563E-06 1.1 29E.()5 1.6465E'()5 2.258E'()5 2.9636E'()5
164 1.36O]E-06 3.6273E-06 6.80IJE-06 1.0882E..{)5 U 87E"{)5 2 . 1 76~ E..{)5 2.8565E.()5
166 U117E-06 3A978E-06 6.5584E-06 1.0493E"{)5 U303E"()5 2.0987E-05 2.7545E-05
168 1.2654E-06 3.3744E-06 6.3269E-06 i .O I23E"{)5 1.4763E"'()5 2.0246f..05 2.6573E"{)5
170 1.2212E-06 3 2567E-06 6. 1062 E-06 9.77E-06 1.4248E.()5 1.954E'()5 2.5646E'()5
172 1.1 791 E-<)6 3. 1444E-<)6 5.8957E-<)6 9433 1E..o6 1.l757E'()5 1.8866E'()5 2.4762E.()5
174 1 1J89E-06 30372E-06 5.6947E-06 9.1 1 16E..()6 1. 3288E.()5 1.8223E.()5 2.3918E'()5
176 1.1000E-06 1.9348E-06 55028E.()6 88045E-06 1.184E...()5 1.7609E..o5 2.3 112E-05
178 1 0639&-06 2.837E...06 S.3 194E-06 8S II E..()6 1.24t2E-OS 1.7022E-05 2.234 1E-OS
180 1.0288E.()6 2.743SE-06 5.I44E.()6 8.2305E.()6 1.2003E.()5 1.646 1E..oS 2.1605E'()5
182 9.9526E.()7 26S4E-06 ' .9763E-06 7.962IE.()6 11 6 11 E'()5 1.5924E"()S 2.09E'()5
184 9.63 16E'()7 2.5684E-<)6 4.8158E-<)6 7.7053E.()6 1.1 237E.()5 1.5411 E'()5 2.0226E.()5
186 9.3242E-07 2.4865E-06 4.662 I E-06 7.4594E-06 1.0878E-OS 1.49 19E.()5 1.958 1E'()5
188 9.0298E-07 lA079E-06 4.5J 49E-06 7.2238E-06 1.053S&05 I A448E-05 1.8%3E'()5
190 8.7476E.()7 2.3327E-<)6 4.3 738E-06 6.998 I E-06 1.0206&05 1.3996E.()5 1.837E"()5
192 8.477I E"()7 2.2606E-06 U386E-06 6.78 17E-06 9.89E-06 t.3563E-05 1.7802E'()5
194 82176E.()7 2.19 14E-06 4.1088E-06 6.5741 E'()6 9.5872E-<)6 1.3 148E-05 1.7257E'()5
196 7.9686E-07 2. I 25E-06 398HE-06 6.3749E..()6 9.2967E-06 1. 275E-05 1.6734E-OS
198 7.7296E..()7 2 06 I 2E-06 3.8648E-06 6 .1837E-06 9.0 178E-06 1.2367E-05 1.6232E-05
200 0 .00000075 0.000002 0.00000375 0.000006 0.00000875 0.000012 0 .0000 1575
The rest of the tables (Table 3 through Table 7) can be

downloaded from www.infarom.com/SLT/3reeIA1 .6.zip
166
Example a/using the tables:
Find the probability of any combination of melon and plum
symbols occurring on a pay line of a 3-reel slot machine with 72
stops on each reel, having 3 melons and 4 plums on each reel.
Take for instance c] = 3 and c2 = 4 (ifviceversa, we will reach
the same result, as the probability formula is symmetric in c] and
c 2 ). We consider Table 3 and look at the intersection of row t = 72
with column c2 = 4. We find there the probability P == 0.00022505 ==
== 0.022505%.
1. 7 Event E7 - Any combination of at least one ofthree

specific symbols
i +c
The probability of E, is P( E, ) = ( cJ + c 3)
3
, where CJ ' C, ,
and c3 are the distributions of the three symbols on a reel.

For the numerical probabilities, we can use the table and the
results of section 1.1 for c = cj + c2 + c3 •
Example:
Find the probability of any combination of seven-type symbols
(assume for example that there are red, blue, and black sevens)
occurring on a pay line of a 3-reel slot machine with 48 stops on each
reel, having 2 red, 2 blue and 3 black sevens on each reel.
Take for instance c j = 2, c2 = 2, and c3 = 3 (for any permutation
ofthese values on the denotations, we will reach the same result, as
the probability formula is symmetric in these three variables). We
take C == 2 + 2 + 3 == 7 and look in the table of section 1.1 at the
intersection of row t == 48 with column C == 7, where we find the
probability P == 0.00310149 == 0.310149%.
Next, I present the probabilities of some unions of winning

events on a payline (disjunctions of the previous events E] through
E7 , operated with or).
167
1.8 A specific symbol at least twice
O
The pro b ab 1OloIty 0 f thIS c 2 (3t - 2c) h h
events ' were tIS t e
0 0
3 IS
t
reelo This formula returns the following table of value so
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring at least

twice on a payline
c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.00725 0.028 0.06075 O.IO~ 0. 15625 0.216 0.28175
22 0.00601052 0.02329076 0 .OS071375 0.08715252 O. \3 1 ~8009 0.1825695 0.23929376
24 0.00506366 0 .0 1967593 0.042%875 0 .07'*07407 0. 11 212384 0.15625 O.205584~9
26 O.OO. B2.l08 0.0 168'*115 0.03686846 0.06372326 0.0%7228 O.135 18H4 0.17842513
28 O .OO3 7J5~2 0.01-'57726 0 .03197886 0.05539359 0.08427478 0,1180758 0.15625
30 0.00325926 0 .0 127<07< 0.028 0.0<859259 0.07407<07 0.104 0.13792593
32 000286865 0 .0 11230<7 0.02-171924 0.0<296875 0 .06561279 0.09228516 0 .12261%3
34 O.OO25·U 27 0 .0099735'- 0.0219825 0.03826583 0.05851822 0.082-13-1 36 0. 1097089'*
36 0,00227195 0 .00891632 0.0 1%7593 0 .03429355 0.0525 12 0 .07407-107 0.09872257
38 000204111 0 .00801866 0.0 1771395 0.0309083 0.0-17383 0.06691938 0.08929873
40 0.00 18<375 000725 0.0 1603125 0.028 0.0.296875 0 .06075 0.081 15625
42 0 .00 167369 000658676 001457726 0 .0254832 1 0 .039 14264 0.05539359 0.07407<07
44 0 .00 15261 1 0 .0060 1052 0 .OJJJ I2J6 0 .02329076 0.03580<85 0.05071375 0.0678766
46 0 .00139722 0.0055067 0 .012205 15 0 .02 136928 0 .03287581 0.0-16601-16 0.062-12295
48 0.00128-1 0 ,00506366 O.DII23047 0 ,01967593 0 .03029152 0.0-'296875 0 .057599 1
50 0.00118--1 0 .00-1672 0.010368 0 .018176 0028 0 .03974-1 0 .053312
52 0 .00109524 0 .00<32<08 0 .00%01 16 0 .0 16841 15 0 .02595869 0.036868<6 0 .0<9<8509
54 0 .00 101611 0.00<01362 0 .00891632 0 .0 1564802 0.0241325 0.03429355 0.04605-197
56 0.0009-1524 0003735 42 0.0083022 0.0 1-157726 0.02249226 0.03197886 0.0-1296875
58 0 .0008815-1 0 .00348518 0 .0077-194 0 .0136 1269 0 .02 101357 0.02989052 0.0-10 18205
60 0 ,00082-107 0 .00325926 0 .00725 0.01274074 0 .0 1967593 0.028 0.037657-1 1
62 0.00077205 0 .00305-161 0.00679735 0 .0 1194992 0.01846 195 0.02628311 0.03536303
64 0.00072<79 0 .00286865 0.0063858 0.01123047 0.01735687 0 .0247192< 0.03327179
66 0.00068175 0 .00269917 0.00601052 0 .01057406 0 .01634805 0 .02329076 0.0313604-1
68 0.{)()()6-I243 0 .0025-1-127 0 .00566736 0 .0099735-1 0 ,015-'2-16-1 0 .0219825 0.02960895
70 0 .000606-1 1 0.002-10233 0 .00535277 0 .0094227-' 0.01457726 0.0207813-' 0,028
72 0.0005 7335 000227195 0 .00506366 0 .0089 1632 0 .0 137978 0.0 1%7593 0 .0265 1856
74 0 .0005-'29 1 0002 1519 0 .00<79735 0 .00844%5 0 .01307919 0.0 1865635 0.02515 152
168
76 0 . 00051~83 0 . OO2~ 1 1 1 0 .~55 1 5 0.00801866 0.0 124 1526 0.01771395 0 .0238874 1
78 O . OOO~&888 0.00 193867 O,()().l32408 OJX)76 1982 0.01 18006 0 .0 1684 115 0.02271616
80 O.()()Q..l6484 O'(XHS4375 O.()().J11328 0 .00725 0 .0 1123047 0 .01603 125 0.02 16289 1
82 o()(XM4254 000175563 0.0039 1753 0 .0069OM6 0.0 1070066 0 .01527836 00206 1781
84 0,0004218 0,00167369 0 .00373542 0 .00658676 0.010207 ~6 0 .0 1457726 0.0 1967593
86 0 .000~02 ~ 8 0.00159734 0 .00356572 0.00628875 0 . 0097~ 757 0 .0139233 00 1879709
88 O.OCKl3S4.u> 0 .00152611 0 .00340733 0 .00601052 0.00931806 0 .01331236 0.01797579
90 0 .00036763 0 .00 145953 000325926 0 .00575034 0 .0089 1632 0 .0 127"'074 0 .0 1720713
92 0 .00035187 0 .00 139722 0.003 12063 0.0055067 0 .0085400 1 0 .0 12205 15 O.OI£H8671
94 0 .0003371 1 0 .00133882 0 .00299067 0 .0052782 1 0.008 1870 1 0 .01170261 0.0158 1056
96 0 .00032326 0 .001284 0 .00286865 0 .00506366 0.OO7855 ~ 5 0 .01123047 0 .015175 15
98 0 .0003 1024 O.OOl23H8 0 .00275395 O.()()..J86192 0.00754363 0.01078632 OO l 4sn26
100 0,000298 0 .001184 0 ,002646 0 .004672 0.00725 0.0 10368 0.01 40 1-4
102 0.00028647 0 .00113833 0.00254427 0.OOH 9299 0.006973 19 0.0099735~ 0.01348275
104 0.00027559 0 .00109524 0.0024483 0 . ~32408 0.0067 1192 0.009601 16 0 .01298 11 2
106 0 .00026532 0.00105-156 0 .00235765 0 .~1~5 1 0.00646507 0 .00924925 0 .0 1250697
108 0.00025561 0 .001016 11 0 .00227195 0 .00401362 0.00623 158 0.00891632 0 .0120583 1
11 0 0 .OOOH643 0 .0009797 1 0.00219083 0 .00387077 0.00601052 0.00860 105 0 .01 163336
112 0 .00023773 0 . OOO9 ~ 52 ~ 0 .002 11399 0 .00373542 0.0058010 1 0 .0083022 0 .0 11230-'7
114 0 .000229~9 0.00091256 0 . OO2~1I1 0.00360705 0 .00560226 0 .00801866 0.010848 14
116 0 .00022 167 O . OOO8815~ O .00 1 9719~ 0 .00348518 0 . OO5 ~ 1356 0 . 0077 4 9~ 0 . 0 1 ~85
118 0 .OOO2U24 0 .00085208 0 .00190623 0 .OO33693S 0.00523423 0 .00749346 0 .01013979
120 0 .000207 18 0.00082-'07 000184375 0 .00325926 0.00506366 0 .00725 000981 13"-
122 0.OOO200.u; 0 .00079742 0 .00178429 0 . 003 1 5~4 5 0 .00~90 1 29 0 .0070182 1 0.00949859
124 0 . 000 1 9~ 06 000077205 0.00172766 0 . OO305 ~ 6 1 0 .0047466 1 0 .00679735 0 .00920056
126 0 .000 18796 0.00074786 0 .00167369 0 .OO2959~~ 0.00459914 0.00658676 0 .0089 1632
128 0 .00018215 0 .00071479 0 .0016222 0.00286865 0 . lX» ~ 58~ 3 0 .0063858 0 .00864506
130 0 .0001766 o()()(l70278 0 .00 157305 0 .00278 198 O . ~32 408 0.0061939 0 .00838598
132 0 .0(XH71 3 1 000068 175 0 .00 15261 1 0 .002699 17 O.OO·H 957 1 0 .00601052 0 .00813837
134 O.OOOI66H 0.00066165 0 . OOI~8 1 23 0.00262 0.~07297 0.00583516 0.00790157
136 0 . OOOI61~ 0 .()()()6.42U 0 .00 143831 0 .OO25H 27 0 .00395555 0 .00566736 0.00767495
138 0 .00015677 0 . 00062~3 0 .00 139722 0 .002"- 7177 0.0038. 3 12 0.0055067 0OO74579~
140 0 .00015233 0.OC0606-H 0 .00135787 0 . OO2~233 0.00373542 0.00535277 0.00725
142 OOOOl~W8 0 .00058953 0 .001320 16 0 .00233578 0.003632 19 0.0052052 0.OO70~
144 O . OOOI~~O I 0 .00057335 0 . OOI28~ 0 .00227 195 0.00353317 0 .00506366 0.00685938
148 0 .0001363~ 0 . 0005~ 291 0.00 121599 0.002 1519 0.0033469 1 0 .()().t79735 0.006499~9
150 0 .00013274 0.00052859 0 . OO I 18~ 0 .OO2095~1 0.00325926 0 . ~672 0.(06))007
152 0.00012928 0 . OOO51~83 0 .00115325 0 .00204 111 0.003175 0 . 00~5515 0 .00616719
154 0.000 12595 0 .0005{) 161 0 .00 112369 0 .00 19889 0.00309397 0 .OO~4356 00060 1052
169
156 0 .00012275 O.OOO~8888 0 .00109524 0.00 193867 0 .003016 0 .00132408 0.00585974
158 0.000 11%7 0 .000",766" 0 .00 106787 0.00189032 0.00294094 0.0012167 0.0057 1456
160 0000 11 67 0 .00046484 0 .00 1041 5 0.00184375 0 .00286865 0.00411328 0 .00557471
162 0,00011384 o()()()..I,534g O.()() IDI6 J I 0.00179888 0 .00279899 0.00401 362 0.005·0993
164 0.00011109 0 .000""254 0 .00099 162 0,00175563 0,00273184 0.00391753 0 .00530997
166 0'<)00 10843 000043198 OJ)OO%802 0.00 171392 0 .00266708 0.00382485 0 .005 18462
168 0.000 10587 000042 18 0 .00094524 0 .00 167369 0.00260-159 0.00373542 0 .00506366
170 0 .0001034 0 .00041197 0 .00092326 0.00 16)485 0 .00254427 0.00364909 0.00194688
172 0.00010101 0,00040248 0 .00090204 0.00 159734 0 .00248602 0.00356572 0.00183409
174 9.8709E-05 0.00039332 0 .0008815" 0.00 156 112 OJ)()H2975 0.003485 18 O. ~72511
176 9.M82E-05 000038-146 0 ,00086174 0 .00 1526 1 I 0.00237537 0.00340733 0.00-'61978
178 9A 3 ]E~5 0.0003759 0 .00084259 0.00 149226 0.0023228 O.OO3332!Xi 0 .0045 1793
180 9125E"'()S 0.00036763 0.00082407 0.00 145953 0.00227195 0.00325926 O.OOU 194 1
182 9.0237E.()5 0 .00035962 0 .000806 16 0.00142787 0 .00222275 0.003 18882 0 .00132408
184 8.829E-OS 0.00035187 O.tX)()78883 0.00139722 0.00217513 0.003 12063 0.1)042318
186 8 . 6-1~E-05 0.00034437 0.00077205 0.00136755 0.00212903 0.OO30~6 1 0 .()()41-1244
188 8A579E-05 0.000337 11 0 .00075579 0.00133882 0.00208-'38 0.00299067 0 .00105588
190 8.28 1I E.()5 0.00033008 0 .00074005 0.0013 1098 0.002041 I I 0 .00292871 0 .00397201
192 8. 1098E.()5 0 .00032326 0.00072-1 79 0.00 1284 0.001999 18 0.00286865 0.00389071
194 7.9-137E-05 0 .0003 1665 0.00(')71 0 .0012578-1 0.00195853 0.0028 10-13 0 .0038 1188
196 7.7827E-05 0 .00031024 0 .00069566 0.00123248 0 .00 1919 11 0.00275395 0 .00373542
198 7.6265E-05 0 .0003(40) 0.00068 175 0 .00 120788 0 .00188086 0'<)02699 17 0 .0036612-1-
200 0.00007475 0 .000298 0 .00066825 0 .00 11 84 0.00184375 0 .002646 0 .00358925

Find the probability of a cherry occurring at least twice on a
cherries on each reel.
We look in the table, at the intersection ofrow t = 34 with
column
c = 3 and find the probability P = 0.0219825 = 2.19825%.
1.9 A specific symbol at least once

. e(3t 2 - 3et
The pro bab I'l'Ity 0 f th'IS event IS 3
+ 3t 2 ) ' were
h . h
tIS t e
t
reel. This formula returns the following table of values.
170
Table of values for tbe probability of a specific symbol occurring at least
once on a payline
c I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0.1 42625 0.271 0.385875 0 .4 88 0.578 125 0.657 0.725375
22 0.1302592 0.2486852 0.35584 147 0.4 5229 151 0.5385988 0.6 1532682 0.68303907
24 0. 11 9864 0.22974537 0.33007813 0,42 12963 0.5038339 1 0.578 125 O.6-W60359
26 0 111 00364 0 .21347292 0 .3077492 0 .394 17387 0 .4730883 0.54483386 060975 193
28 0.10336188 O . I99 3 ~02 0.2882 1975 0 .)7026239 0.44574526 0.51 494 169 0.578125
30 0.0967037 0.18696296 0.271 0.34903704 0.4212963 0.488 0.54937037
32 0.09085083 0.176025 39 0.25570679 O.JJOO781l 0.3993225 1 0.46362305 0.52316284
34 0.08566558 0. 1662935 1 0.24203643 0.31304702 0.37947792 0,44148178 0.4992 11 28
36 0.08103995 0. 15757888 0.22974537 0.29766804 0.36 147548 0.42 12963 0.47725909
38 0.07688803 0.14973028 0.218636 1 0 .28371483 0.34507581 0.4028284 OA5708 19-4
40 0.073 1-1063 0. 142625 0.20854688 0.27 1 0.330078 13 0.385875 0 ,43848438
42 006974 139 0. 136162'" 0.19934-'02 0.25936724 0.3 163 1103 0.37026239 0.m2963
44 0.06664397 O.I302S92 0 . 1909 1613 0 .2486852 0.30363683 0.35584 147 0.40536955
46 0.0638099 O. IH84589 0 18316964 0 .23884277 0 .291 92693 0 .3-l248377 0 .31X)57492
48 0 .06 120696 0 . 11 9864 0 . 17602539 0.2297H37 0.28 [0782 0.330078 13 0 .37679941
50 0.058808 0.115264 O. 169-l1 6 0.221l 12 0.27 1 0.3 18528 0.363944
52 0.05658995 0 . 111 003lH 0.16328374 0.2 1347292 0.26 161l85 0.3077492 0.35192165
54 o054533 [ 0 . 10704669 0. 15757888 0.206 16776 0 .25285 14 5 0.29766804 0 .34065564
56 0 .05262(»9 0 . 10336 188 0. 15225834 0 . 1993 ...... 02 0 .244653 11 0 .28821975 0 .3 30078 13
58 0 .05083747 0.099922 1 O. I47284lH 0. 19295584 0.23696646 0 .27934725 0 .32012895
60 0.0491713 0.0967037 0. 142625 018696296 0.22974537 0 .27 1 0.31075463
62 0.04761086 0.09368601 0. 13825065 0.18132993 0.22294905 0.263 III 16 0.30190746
64 0046 14639 0.09085083 0 . 1341362 0 . 17602539 0 .2 1654129 0.25570679 0293544 77
66 0.()44 76932 0.088182 1 0. 1302592 0 . 17 102 151 0.21048989 0.H86852 0 .28562832
68 O.O-lH72(» 0.08566558 0 . 12659971 0.16629351 0.20476605 0.24203643 0.27812373
70 0 .04224781 0.08328863 0.1231l994 0.16181924 0. 19934402 0.23573 178 0 .27 1
72 0.04 109064 0.08 103995 0.119864 0.15757888 0.19420064 0 .22974537 0.264229 15
74 0 .03999516 0.078909 ...... 0 . 11675765 0 . 15355458 0. 1893 1505 0.22405386 0 .25778582
76 0.03895657 0.07688803 0 . 11380804 0. 14973028 0. 18466841 0.2 18636 1 O.251lH701
78 0 .03797055 0 .07496755 0 . 111 003lH 0 . 14609 147 0.18024368 0.2 1347292 0.24579 182
80 0.0370lJ2 0 .073 14063 0. 10833398 0 . 142625 0.17602539 0.20854688 0.24020 11 7
82 0.036 141 02 0.07 140059 0.1057896 0.1l931893 0. 17199946 0.20384208 0.23485766
84 0.0352908 0 .06974139 0.10336188 0. 1361624 0. 168 15307 0 . 1993 ......02 022974537
86 0.03447967 0 .068 15752 0. 10 1(»299 0 . 13314551 0 . 1644745 1 0.19503943 0.2H8497
171
88 0.03370",98 006664397 0.09882578 0.1302592 0.16095305 0,1909 1613 0 .220 15725
90 0.0329<>133 0.065196 16 0.0967037 0.1274952 0.15757888 0. 18696296 0.2 1565569
92 0.03225554 0.0638099 0.09467078 0.12484589 0.15434295 0. 183 16964 0.2 11 33368
94 003 157658 0.06248134 0.09272 151 O. I 2230·B I 0.15 123696 0. 17952669 0.207 18073
96 0 .0309256 1 0.06 120696 0.09085083 0.11 9864 0,1-1825326 0 . 17602539 0.203 187 17
98 0 ,03030094 0 .05998351 0 ,08905409 0 . 11 75 1906 0 . 14538479 0 . 17265765 0 . 19934402
100 0029701 0.058808 0.087327 0. 115264 0. 142625 0.1694 16 0.195643
102 0029 12436 0.05767767 0.08566558 0. 11309376 0. 13996785 0. 1662935 1 0.19207639
104 0.02856968 0.05658995 0.084066 16 0.111 00364 0. 13740772 0. 16328374 0.18863703
106 0 ,02803573 005554249 0 .08252534 0 . 1089893 0 1349394 1 0, 16038072 0.18531825
108 0 .02752137 0 .054533 1 0.08 103995 o 10704669 0 ,13255808 0,15757888 0 . 182 11 385
11 0 0 .02702554 0.05355973 0,07960706 0 . 105 17205 0 . 1302592 0. 15487303 0.1790 \803
11 2 0.02654727 0.05262049 0.0782239'; 0.103)6 188 0 . 12803859 0 . 15225834 0,17602539
11 4 0.02608562 0.0517\362 0.07688803 0.10 16129 1 0. 1258923 1 0. 14973028 0.173 13087
11 6 0.02563976 0.050837H 0.07559696 0.099922 1 0. 1238 167 1 0. 14728464 0. 17032973
11 8 0.02520888 0.0499905 1 0.074 34852 0.09828658 0. 12180834 0 . 14491745 0. 1676 1755
120 0.024i9225 0 .0491713 0.073 14063 0 .0967037 0. 119864 0.1 42625 0. 164990 16
122 0.024389 16 0.0483785 0.07 197 133 0.095 17096 0. 11 798069 0. 14040382 0 . 16244366
124 0.02399896 0 .04761086 0.07083882 0.0936860 1 0. 116 15557 0.13825065 0. 15997438
126 0 .02362 106 0 .046867 19 0 .069741 39 0.09224666 0 . 114386 0 . 136 1624 0 . 15757888
128 0 .02325487 0 .04614639 0 .06867743 0.09085083 0. 11 266947 0 .1341 362 0.15525389
130 0 .02289986 004544743 0 .06764543 0 .08949659 0 . 111 00364 0 132 16932 0 . 15299636
132 0 .02255553 004476932 0.066(>4397 0.088 182 1 0.1093863 0. 1302592 0.1508034
134 002222 14 0044 111 14 0.06567172 0 .08690564 0. 1078 1537 0. 12840343 0.14867229
136 0.02 189702 0.04)47204 0.06472743 0 .08566558 0. 10628888 0. 1265997 1 0. 1466OQ.16
138 0 .02158 198 0 .042851 19 0.0638099 0 .0844604 0 . 10480497 0 . 12484589 0 . 14458546
140 0 .02 127587 0.0..J 224781 0.0629 18 0.08328863 0. 10336 188 0 . 123 13994 0. 142625
142 0.02097833 00416612 0.06205069 0 .082 1489 1 0 . 10 195796 0 . 121 4 7992 0. 1407169
144 0.02068899 0 .04 109064 006 120696 0 .08 103995 0. 10059 163 0. 11 9864 0.13885908
148 0 .020 13362 0 .039995 16 0.05958649 0.07890944 0.09796588 0 . 11 675765 0. 13528659
150 0.01986696 0 .039..J6904 0.058808 0.07788563 0 .0967037 0.1 15264 0 . 1335683
152 0 .0 1960728 0 .03895657 0.05804959 0.07688803 0.095..J7361 0. 1138080..J 0.\3189303
154 0.0 193543 0 .038..J5724 0.05731048 0.0759 1565 0.0942744 0. 11238837 0.1302592
156 0.01910776 0 .03797055 0.05658995 0.07496755 0.093 10492 0.11100364 0.1286653
158 0.0 1886742 0.03749602 0.0558873 1 0 .07404282 0.09196407 0.10965258 0. 127 10987
160 0 .0 1863306 0.0370332 0.0552019 0 .07) 1406) 0 .09085083 0. 10833398 0 .12559155
162 0 .018..J 0444 003658 167 0.0545)3 1 0 .072260 14 0.0897642 0.10704669 0. 124 10903
164 0.01818 137 0 .03614 102 00538803 0 .07 140059 0.08870323 0.1057896 0 .12266104
166 0.0 1796364 0.03571085 0.05324295 0.07056 124 0.08766704 0.10456 166 0. 12 124642
172
168 0.01775106 0.0352908 0.052620'* 9 0.06974 139 0.08665476 0 ,10336188 0.1 19864
170 O.OI7HJ..l6 0.0348SD52 0 .05201242 0 .06894036 0.08566558 0 . 102 18929 0.11851272
172 0 .01734065 0.03447967 0.05 141823 0 .068 15752 0 .0846987 1 0 . 10104299 0 .11 7 19 153
174 0.017 1.$248 0 .0 3408792 0 .05083747 0 .06739225 0 .08375341 00999221 0.11589943
176 0 .01694879 0.03370498 0 .05026967 0 .06664397 0 .08282897 0 .09882578 0,11,*63549
178 0 .0 16759.$2 0.03333054 0.0497 14-'2 0,06591212 0.0819247 0.09775323 0 11339878
180 0.01657425 0 .0 3296433 0 .0491713 0 .065 196 16 0 .08 103995 0 .0967037 0.1 1218844
182 0 .01639311 0 .03260608 00486399 1 0 .06449558 O.OSD1741 0 .09567645 0 .11100364
184 0 .0 162159 0.03225554 004811 988 00638099 0 .07932654 0 .09461078 0 .I09s.1358
186 0.0160'*2'*' 003191245 0.0476 1086 0 .063 13863 0.07849671 0 .0936860 1 0. 10870748
188 0.QI587272 0.0) 157658 0.0-'11 1248 0.06248 134 0 .07768405 0.0927215 1 0.10759463
190 0.01570652 0.0312477 0.04662444 0 .06 183759 0 .07688803 0.09 177664 0.1065043
192 0 .01554376 0 .03092561 0.046 14639 0 .06 120696 0.07610816 0.09085083 0 .10543583
194 0 .01538434 0.03061009 0 .04567SD5 0 .06058906 0.07534393 0.0899435 0. 10438857
196 0.01522816 0.03030094 0 .0 4521912 0 .0 599835 1 0.0745949 0 .08905409 0.10336188
198 0,01507512 0 .02999797 0.0+476932 0.0593899,* 0.07386061 0.088 1821 0.10235518
200 0.01 492513 0,029701 0.04432838 0 .058808 0.073 14063 0.087327 0 .10136788

Find the probability of a cherry occurring at least once on a
payline ofa 3-reel slot machine with 162 stops on each reel, having
5 cherries on each reel.
We look in the table, at the intersection of row t = 162 with
column C = 5 and find the probability P = 0.0897642 = 8.97642%.
1.10 A specific symbol three times or another specific symbol

twice
The probability ofthis event is (C}) 3+ 3( C; )2(t - C2) , where tis
t
the number of stops of a reel and c} and c2 are the distributions of
the two symbols on a reel. This formula returns the following tables
of values, each one for one fixed value of c} from 1 to 7.
173
Tables ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol three times or
another specific symbol twice occurring on a payline
Table I: c) = 1
c2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.00725 0.027125 0.0575 0.096 125 0. 14075 0. 189125 0.239
22 0 .00601052 0.02263336 0 .04827 198 0.08 123591 0.1 1983471 0. 16237791 0.207 17506
24 0.00506]66 0,0 1916956 0.04 108796 0.0695 1678 0.103 15394 0.14069734 0 , 1808449 1
26 O.()('H32408 0.0)6-14288 0.03538917 0.060 13883 0 .08%6773 0.12295 175 0.1.5896677
28 0.003735. 2 0.01.25838 0 .03079446 0.05252369 0.07862609 0.10828171 0.14067055
30 0.00325926 0.01248148 O.027037t).f 0.0<625926 0.06948 148 O.096037W 0.12525926
32 0 .00286865 0 .01101685 0.02392578 0.0-'1046 14 0.0618286 1 0 .08572388 0 . 11218262
34 O.OO25H27 0.00979544 0,02132099 0.03666294 0.05536332 0.07696418 0.10100753
36 0.00227195 0.00876629 0.0 19 11 866 0.03294324 0.04985425 0.06946588 0.09139232
38 0.0020<111 0.00789109 0.0 17H012 0.029760 17 0.0. 51232 0.06300117 O.O83~
40 0.0018;375 0.00714063 0.015625 0.02701563 0.0.103125 0.05739063 0.0758 125
42 0 .00167369 O.{)()(H9228 0.0 1422633 0 .02463287 0 .037468% 0.05249 163 0 .06945794
44 0 ,00152611 0.00592834 0.0 1300714 0.02255118 0.03434917 0.0481898 0.06386176
46 0.00139722 0.0054H78 0.0 1193803 0.02072204 0.03 160 187 0.04439262 0.05890934
48 0.00128. 000500036 0.0 1099537 0.01910626 0.02917028 0.0<102'67 0.05.50666
50 0.00118. 0.00<6 16 0.01016 0.0 17672 0.027008 0.038024 0.050576
52 0.00109524 0.QO..l27429 0.009-11625 0.01639309 0.02507681 0.03533938 0.0<70528
54 0-lXlI01611 0.003969 16 0.00875 121 0.01524793 0.02334502 0.032928 16 0.04388305
56 000094524 0.00369556 0.00815415 0.0142 1852 0.02 178617 0.0307546 0.04 102132
58 0.0008815. 0003<493 0.0076 1614 0.0 132898 0.02037804 0.02878859 0.03842921
60 0.0008H07 0.00322685 0.00712963 0.012<4907 0.0 1910 185 0.02700<63 0.03607407
62 0.00077205 0.00302524 0.00668826 0.01168558 0.01794 166 0.02538099 0.03392803
64 0.00072-179 0.00284195 0.00628662 0.010990 14 0.0 1688385 0.02389908 0.03196716
66 0.00068175 OJX1267482 0.00592008 0.01035-1 93 0.0 159167-1 0.02254292 0.030 17085
68 0.00064243 0.0025220 1 0.00558.67 0.00977318 0.01503028 0.02129872 0.02852127
70 D.()()()6()(H1 0.00238 192 0.00527697 0.00923907 0.0142157. 0.020 15452 0.02700292
72 0.00057335 0.00225319 0.0Q..l.99-1 0.00874754 0.013<6558 0.0190999 0.02560228
74 0.00054291 0 .002 1H62 0.0Q..l.733 18 0.00829418 0.01277318 0.01812578 0.02430754
76 0.00051-183 0.00202517 O.0Q..l.49227 0.00787515 0.0 1213278 0.01722418 0.023 10832
78 0.000<8888 0.00192392 0.00<26929 0.00748706 0.01 15393 0.01638809 0.021995-18
80 0.0004648" 000183008 0.00.0625 0.007 12695 0.01098828 0.0 1561 133 0.0209609.
82 0.000-1-125-1 0.0017.29. 0.00387037 0.0067922 0.010. 7576 0.014888.2 0.0 1999753
174
84 0.00042 18 0.00166188 0.00369 156 0 .~ 8047 0.00999825 0 .01411452 0.0 1909891
86 0.000.0248 0.00 158634 0 .00352485 0.006 1897 1 0 .00955262 0 .0 1358528 0.0 182594
88 0.000384.\6 O.OOI515~ 0.003369 18 0.00591807 0.009 136 11 001299687 0 .01747394
90 O.0<Xl)6763 O.OO I4-J993 0.003213 59 0.OOl66391 000874623 0 ,012",,4582 0.0 16738
92 0.00035187 0.OO1J8823 0.OO308m 0.OOS42579 0.00838076 0.0 11 9290. 0.0 160. 751
94 0.000337 11 0.00133039 0.00295936 0.00520236 0.00803772 0,01144)76 0.0 153988
96 0 .00032326 000 127609 0.00283927 o ()O.l99245 00077153 00 1098746 00 1478859
98 0.0(0) 1024 0.00 122504 0 .00272633 O.{)().I79498 0.0074 \ 188 0.01055789 00 1421389
100 0.000298 0.001177 0 .00262 0.00.609 0.007126 0 .010153 0.013672
102 0.000286-17 0.00113173 0.0025 1977 0.00443363 0.00685634 00097709. O.0 1316(M7
104 0.00027559 0.00 108902 0.ooH2518 0.00.26807 0.00660 169 0.0094 1003 0.01267709
106 0.00026532 0.00104868 0.00233582 0.004 11162 0,00636096 0.00906873 0.0 122 1982
108 0.00025561 0.00101055 000225 131 0.0039636 0.006133 15 0.0087.J565 0.01 178682
110 O'()(X)2-l643 0.00097+1.6 OJ)0217 13 0 .00382344 0.0059 1736 0.oos.3952 0.0113764 1
112 0.00023773 0.00094026 0.00209548 0.00369058 0.005 7 1275 0 .008 14917 0.0 1098704
114 0000229. 9 0.00090784 0.00202356 0.003 5~52 0.00551857 0.00787354 0.0 106173
116 0.00022 167 0.00087706 0 .00 195529 0 .00344482 0.005334 12 0.00761 1M 0.0102659
118 0.0002 1424 0.OOOSH82 0.00 189041 0 .00333 104 0 .005 15876 0 .00736261 0.00993 164
120 0.00020718 0.00082002 0.00 18287 0.0032228 0 .0049919 0 .00712558 0.00%1343
122 0.000200.6 0.000793 57 000 176997 0.00311975 0.00.833 0 .00689981 00093 1025
124 0.000 19.06 0.00076837 0.00 171402 0.00302 157 0 .00468 157 0 .00668459 0.00902 11 8
126 0 .00018796 0.00074-'36 0.00 166069 0.00292795 0.004537 15 0 .00647928 0 .00874536
128 0 .00018215 0.00072 145 000 16098 0 .00283861 0.00.3993 000628328 0008481 98
130 0 .000 1766 0.00069959 0 .00 156 122 0.0021533 0 .00426764 0 .0060960-' 0.0082303 1
132 0.00017131 0 ,000(787) 0 .00 151"'8 0.00267178 0 .0041 4 18 0.0059170. 0.00798%8
134 O.ooo l66H 00006587. 000 W0-!3 0.00259382 0.00.02 1.4 0.0057458 0_007759.0
136 0 .000 16 14 0 .00063965 0 .00 14 2797 0.0025 1923 0.00390625 0.00558 189 0.00753899
138 0.000 15677 0 .00062137 0.00 l3873 3 0 .0024478 0 ,00379594 0 .00542489 0 .00732781
140 0 .000 15233 0.00060386 0OO 1H84 0.00237937 0.00369013 0.00527442 0.007 12536
142 0 .000[ "'808 0.00058709 0.00131108 0.00231377 0.00)58888 0.005130 12 0.00693 11 9
144 0.0001 .. 0 1 0.000571 0.00 127529 0.0022 5085 0.00349 165 0.00.99 165 0.006744 85
148 0 .00013614 0.00054075 0.00 120797 0.00213246 0 .00330866 0.00·*13103 0.00639399
150 0 .00013274- 0.00052652 0.001 1763 0 .00207674 0 .00322252 OJ)046083 000622874
152 0 .00012928 0.00051284 0.00 11"' 585 0 .00202317 0 .003 13969 0 .00449028 0 .0060698 1
154 0.00012595 0.00049969 0.00 111657 0.00197165 0.00306002 0 .00437674 0 .00591688
156 0.000 1ll75 0.000.870-! 0 .00108839 0.00 192208 0.00298334 0.00.26745 0.00576%5
158 0 .O<X1 11 967 0 .00047486 0.00 106 128 0 .00 187434 0.0029095 1 0 .0041 622 0.00562785
160 0.0001167 0.000.\63 \3 0.001035 16 0.00182837 0 .00283838 0.00406079 000549121
162 0 .000 11 384 0.00045184 0 .00 100999 0 .00 178406 000276983 0.00396305 0005359.8
175
164 0.00011109 0.OOOH095 0.00098573 0.00174135 0.00270)7) 0.00386879 O . OO52324 ~
166 0.000108' 3 0.000' 30.5 0.000%233 0.00 1700 15 0.00263997 0.00377785 0.00510986
168 0.00010587 0.000.2032 0.00093976 0.00 16604 0.002578.4 0.00369008 0.00.99153
170 00001034 Q,()()()41054 0 .0009 1797 0 .00 162202 0.0025 1903 0.00360533 0.00487726
172 000010101 000040 11 O.OOOg9693 0.00158496 0.00246 165 0.00352347 O.0C»76688
174 9.8709E-05 000039199 0.0008766 1 0.00 1549 16 0.002-10622 0.00344437 0.00.660 19
176 9.6;82E.()5 0.00038318 0.00085697 00015 1455 0.00235263 0.00336789 0.00.55705
178 H33E.()5 0 .000)7'66 0.00083798 0.00 1.8 109 0.0023008 1 0.0032939' 0 .00.' 5729
180 9225E-05 0.000366;3 0.0008 1962 OJ)() 144873 O.()O225069 0.00322239 0.00.36077
182 9 .0237E..()S 0 .00035846 0 .00080 185 0.00 14 1742 0.00220218 0.00315315 0.00426735
184 8.829E-OS 0.00035075 O.OOO7S465 0.001387 11 0'{)02 15523 0'()03086 12 0 .004 1769
186 S6-l.0-l E-OS 0.000)4329 0.000768 0.00 135776 0,002 10976 OJ)0302 12 O.()(,»O8929
188 8A579E"()S 0 .00033606 0.00075 188 0.00132934 0.00206572 0.0029583 1 O.()()'H)()44I
190 8.2811E-05 0.00032906 0.00073626 0.00130 179 0.00202304 0.00289736 0.00392215
192 8. 1098E-O; 0 .00032227 0.00072 11 2 0.00 1275 1 0.00 198 166 O.()()283828 0.003&4239
194 7 . 9~ 37E..(l5 0.0003 1569 0.()()()706~~ o.t)() 1H922 0.OO I 9~ 1 55 0.00278098 0.00376so.
196 7.7827E..(l5 0 .00030932 0.00069221 0.00 122411 0.00 1902iN 0.002725. 0.00369
198 76265E.()5 0 .00030313 0.0006784 0.00 11 9976 0.00 186489 0.00267 147 0.003617 18
200 0.OOOO7~75 0.00029713 0.000665 0.001 17613 0.00 182825 0.0026 19 13 0.0035465
Table 2: C1 = 2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
r--
t
20 0 .008 125 0.028 0 .058375 0.097 0. 14 1625 0. 19 0.239875
22 0 .0066679 19 0.023290759 0.M8929376 0.08189331) 0. 1204921 11 0. 1630353 12 0.207832457
24 0.005570023 0.0 19675926 0.04 1594329 0.070023 148 0. 10366030 1 0. 14 1203704 0.18 135 1273
26 0 .OO·l.7221 49 0.0 168;))47 0.035787437 0.060537096 0.090065999 0. 123350023 0.1593650.3
28 0 .00.05.3 0.01'577259 0.0311 J3338 0.052842566 0.0789"97 1 0 .108600583 0. 140989431
30 0 .003518519 0.012740741 0.0272%2% 0.0465185 19 0.06974074 1 0 .0%2%2% 0.1255 185 19
32 0.003082275 0.0 11230469 0.024 139404 0.041 259766 0 .062042236 0.0859375 0. 11239624
34 0.002722369 0.00997354 0.D2 1499084 0.036841 034 0.05554 14 2 1 0.077 142276 0.10 11 8563
36 0.00242 1982 0.008916324 0.01926869 0.033093278 0.05000.287 0.06%15912 0.09 1542353
38 0.002168683 0.008018662 0.017367692 0.029887739 0.M5250765 0.063 128736 0.083 1936 1.
40 OJ)() 1953125 0.00725 0.015734375 0.027 125 0.M II 40625 0 .0575 0.07592 1875
42 0.001768168 0 .006586762 0.0 14320808 0 .OH72735 1 0.037563 438 0.052586 114 OJ)6955HH
44 0001608283 0 .006010518 0.0 13089313 0.022633358 0.03443 1349 0.048271976 0.063943933
46 0001469138 0.005506698 0 .0 12009945 0.02079395 1 0.03 167379 0.044464535 0 .05898 1261
48 0 .00 1347295 0.005063657 0 .0 11058666 0.01916956 0.029233579 OMI087%3 0.05456995 1
176
50 O . OOI2 ~ 0 ,004672 0.010216 0 .0 17728 0 .027064 0 .03808 0.050632
52 0 .00 1145027 0 .ooH2 ~ 078 0 . 009~ 66033 0 .0 1 6~42 877 0.025 126593 0 .035389167 0 .047102583
54 0.00 106056 0 .00~0136 1 6 0.00879566 1 0 .0 15292384 O .O21389~ 73 0.032972616 0 .W392750 1
56 0.000985104 0003735.123 0.008 1940 14 0 .0 14258382 0 .02 181603 O .O3079~ 1 0.0-11061179
58 00009 17422 0.003485178 OJ)07652015 001332568 0 .020"13916 00288244 7 0 .038465087
60 0000856-J81 0.003259259 0 .007 162037 0 .0 1248 148 1 0 .019134259 0.0270) 70)7 O.0361()IHSI
62 0 .00080 1~1 7 0.0030546 14 0 .0067 17633 0 .0 117 14947 0.0 1797 1032 0 .02541 0359 0 .033957~03
64 0 .000151 ~ 95 0002868652 0.006313324 0 .0 1101 6846 0.0 16910553 0.023925781 0 .031993866
66 0.000706097 0 .002699 168 000594443 1 0 .010379275 0.0 15941091 0 .022567271 0 .030 195203
68 O . ~691 0 .00254427 0 .005606936 0,(>0979544' 0 .0 15052539 0 .021320985 0 .028543532
70 0 .000626822 OJXJ2402332 0005297376 0.009259475 0 .014236152 0 .020 174921 O.0170233H
72 0 .0005921 000227 1948 0 .0050 12753 0 .008766289 0.013484332 0 .0 19 11 8656 0.02562 1035
74 0.000560 1 8~ 0 .0021;1896 0.ooH5().I59 0 .0083 114 52 0 .0 12190457 0.0 18 143052 0 .0243248 18
76 0.00053078 1 0 ,002041114 0 .0045082 19 0.007891092 0.012148728 0.017240 12 2 0 .023 12-'27 1
78 0 .000503633 0 .00 1938671 0.00-1-18404 1 0 .00750 18 12 0.0 11 554055 0.0 I 6-t02839 0 .0220 10233
80 O.()()(}4785 16 OJXH8-1375 0.004076 172 OJXl7140625 0.01 100 1953 0.015625 0.020974609
82 0.000-15523 1 0.00 1755633 0.003883069 0 .OO68W893 0.010-1.88-1.58 0.014901119 0.020010229
84 OJ)()()-I.33606 0 .00 1673685 0 .003703366 0 .006492279 0.0 100 10056 0 .0 14226325 0 .0 191 1072
86 0 .00Q.I13486 000 15973-1.-1. 0.003535852 0 .006200712 0.009563623 0.013596287 0 .0 18270404
88 0.00039-173-1. O.OC)J 526 108 0,003379-1.49 0.(Xl592834) 0.0091-16377 0.013007137 0.0 17-1842 11
90 0.000377229 0.00 1-159534 0.003233 196 0.005673525 O.<Xl875583 0.0124554 18 0.0 16747599
92 0 .000360863 000 1397222 0.003096234 0005434783 0.008389753 O.oJ 1938029 0 .016056495
94 0 . 0003455 ~ 000 1338817 0 .002967791 0 .00521079 1 0 .008046146 0.DI 1452183 0.0 15407232
96 0 .000331172 0001283999 0002847177 0 .005000362 0 .007723208 0.0 1099537 0 . 0 14 7965O~
98 0.0003 17682 0.00123248 0.002733767 0.00-180242 1 0.00741 93 15 0.010565326 0.0 1-122 1328
100 0.000305 0.001 184 0.002627 0.004616 0.007 133 0.01016 0.013679
102 0 .000293062 000 1138325 0 .002526366 0,004440223 0.006862934 0 .009777 537 0 .01316707
104 0 .000281812 0.00 1095H4 0 .ooH3 1405 0.00427429-1 0 .0066079 1 0 .00941 6249 0.0126833 11
\06 0.00027 11 97 0.001054562 0.00234 1698 0.00-111 7493 0.006366833 0.00907~ 605 0 .012225696
\08 0.00026 11 71 0.0010 16105 0.002256865 0.003969161 0.006138705 0.00875 1207 0.0 11792378
11 0 0.00025 169 0.0009797 15 0.002 176559 0.0038287 0.005922615 0.008-144778 0.01138 1668
11 2 0.000242717 0.0009-1524-1 0.002 100464 0.003695563 0.0057 1773 1 0.008 1541 55 0 .010992022
11 4 0 .000234215 0 .00091256 1 0.002028289 0 .003569249 0.005523292 0.007878268 0 .0 10622027
11 6 0 .000226152 0 .0008815 ~ 5 0 .00 1959772 0 .00344930 1 0 .0053386 0.0076 16138 0 .010270383
11 8 0.0(}()2 18498 0 .000852083 0 .00 1894668 0.003335297 0.005 1630 16 0 .007366868 0 .009935899
120 0.00021 1227 0.00082-1.074 0.001832755 0.003226852 0.0049959-19 0.007 12963 0.0096 17477
122 0.0002043 12 0.000797424 0.00 1773827 0.003123609 0.00-1836859 0 .006903662 0.0093 1-11 06
124 0.0(}()197732 0.000772045 0.00 1717696 0.003025243 0,004685245 0 .006688262 0 .009024852
126 0.000191464 0 .000747859 0.00 1664187 0 .002931449 0 .004540646 0 .006482781 0.0087~855
177
128 0.00018549 0 .000724792 0 .0016\314 O . OO28~ 1 9"'9 0.001402637 0 .006286621 0 .OOU85317
130 0 .000179791 0.000702777 0 .001564406 0.002756486 0.004270824 0.006099226 0 .0082335
132 0 .00017435 0'<)00681749 0.00 15 17847 0.00267-1 82 0 .0041 4484 0 .005920082 0.()0799272
134 0 .000 169 153 0.000661651 0 .001473336 0.002596729 0.004024348 0 .005748712 0 ,007762341
136 O.OOOIM I85 0000642428 0 .0014 30755 0.002522008 0 . 00390~033 0 .005584673 0 .007541774
138 o000 159H2 0000624032 0 .001389992 0.002450466 0 .003798602 0 .005427553 0 .007330469
140 0.00015488) O.()(X)6()6414 0 .00 1350948 0.00238 1924 0 .003692784 0.005276968 0 .007 127915
142 0.000 150526 0 .000589532 0001]13525 O.OO2JI62 IS 0.00359 1326 0 .005 132.56 1 0 ,006933637
144 0.000 1-163.5 0.000573 3-15 0001277636 0.002253 194 0 ,00349399 1 0.004993999 0.006747 19
148 0.000138504 0 .00054291 0 .00 12 10133 0 .002134622 0.0033 10823 0.001733185 0 .006396154
150 0.0001348 15 0 .000528593 0.00 117837 0.0020788 15 0.003224593 0.00161037 0.006230815
152 0 .000131271 0 .000514835 0 .00 1147842 0.002025 168 0.003 14 1687 O.OOH 92273 0.00607180 1
154 0000127866 0000501607 0 ,0011 18484 0 .00 197357 0 .003061936 O.()().l.378654 0 .0059 18794
156 0000124591 Q,(){)(»88882 O.(XH090239 0 .00 192392 0.002985 184 0 .00426929 0 .005771 496
158 0 .()(x)121·UI 0.000l76636 0.00 106305 0.00 18761 19 0.00291 128 1 0.004163971 0.00562%26
160 0 .000118408 0 .000464844 0 .001036865 0.00 1830078 0.002840088 0 .0010625 0.00549292
162 0 .()(X)115488 0.~53484 0 .0010 11636 0.00 178571 1 0.00277 1474 0 .003%4692 0 .00536113 1
164 0000112674 0.OOO·H2536 0 .000987317 0.00 1742938 0.0027053 17 0 .003870373 0 .005234027
166 0 .000109%2 0000431979 0 .000963864 0.00 170 1683 0 .002641 -499 0 .003779379 0 .0051113&8
168 0 .000107347 0 .000421796 0 .00094 1237 0 .00 1661875 0.002579913 0 .00369 1556 0 .001993007
170 0 .000104824 0 .000l11968 0.000919398 0 .00 1623448 0 .002520456 0 .003606758 0.001878689
172 00001 02389 000040248 0 .000898309 0 .001586338 0 .00246303 0 .003524847 0 .001768252
174 0 .000100038 0 .0003933 16 0.000877938 0 .00 1550486 0.002407544 0 .OOH"' 569'" 0 .00-466 152
176 9 .77663E-05 0 .00038......62 0.000858252 0 .0015 15836 0.002353912 0 .003369 177 0.()()..I55833I
178 9557 16E-05 o ()(x)375903 0 .000839221 0 .001482335 0 .002302052 0 .00329518 0.00-4-458529
180 9 .34499E-05 0 .000367627 0 .000820816 0 .00 144993 1 0.00225 1886 0.003223594 0 .00136 1968
182 913982E-05 0.00035962 1 0 .00080301 0 .0014 18579 0.002203342 0 .003154315 0 .00126851
184 89"'132E-05 0.000351874 0 .0007857n 0 .00 1388233 0.002156351 0 .003087244 0.()()417802 1
186 8.74922E-05 0 .000344374 0.000769093 0 .0013588-19 0.002110&48 0.00302229 0 .00-1090379
188 8.56325E..Q; o ()(x)3371 12 0 .()(X)752934 0 .001))0389 0.002066769 0 .002959364 0.001005465
190 8.3831SE-OS 0 .000330077 0 .000737279 0.0013028 14 0.002024056 0 .002898382 0 .003923167
192 8.20866E-05 0.00032326 0.000722 108 0 .001276087 0.001982654 0.002839265 0.003843378
194 8.03957E..Q5 0 .000316652 0 .0007074 0.00 1250174 0.001941.508 0.00278 1938 0.003765998
196 7.87565E'{)5 0 .000310245 0 .000693137 0.00 12250";2 0.00190357 0.00272633 0 .003690931
198 7.71669E-05 0 .00030403 0 .000679301 0 .00120066 1 0.001865791 0.002672372 0.003618086
200 0 .000075625 0.000298 0 .000665875 0 .001177 0 .001829125 0 .00262 0 .0035";7375

downloaded fro m www.infarom.com/SLT/3reeIA1 .10.zip
178
Find the probability of three lemons or two cherries occurring on
a payline of a 3-reel slot machine with 54 stops on each reel, having
5 lemons and 4 cherries on each reel.
We consider Table 5 and look at the intersection of row t = 54
with column c2 = 4. We find there the probability
P = 0.01 6035411 = 1.6035411 %.

once
The probability of this event is (C1)3 + 3c;(t - C2)2 , where t is the
t
values, each one for one fixed value of c1 from 1 to 7.
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol three times or

another specific symbol once occurring on a payline
Table 1: c 1 = 1
C2 J 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.1355 0.W 125 0.32525 0.384 125 0 422 0 ."11 25 0 .44375
22 0, 124)426 0 .225488355 0 .305221638 0.365232908 0.4072 12622 0 .4 3285 124 0.4438392 19
24 0. 114872685 0210141782 0.187181713 0.34729456 0.391782407 0.42 1947338 0.439091435
26 0 . 106736-159 o.196688666 0.2709376-12 0.33050751 0 .37642239.1 0 ...097()6.1 18 0...t31383705
28 0.0996720 12 0. 18481 23 18 0.256286443 0.3 149 14359 0.36 15 16035 0 .3%91 1443 0.421920554
30 0.09348 1481 0 .174259259 0.243037037 0.300481 481 0.347259259 0.3 84037037 0.4 1148148 1
32 0088012695 O. I6-J825439 0 .231018066 0 .287139893 0.333740234- 0.371368408 0.40057373
34 0.083 146754 0. 15634541 0.22007938 1 0.274806635 0.320985 141 0.359072868 0.389527783
36 0,078789438 0 .148683985 0.210090878 0.263395919 0.3089849 11 0.347243656 0.378557956
38 0074865141 o 141729844 0.2009.037 0.25282-'756 0.297711037 0.3359272' 9 0.36780 1429
40 0 .07 131 25 0. 135390625 0. 19253125 0.2430 15625 0.287 125 0.325 140625 0.35734375
42 0.06808 120 1 0. 129589137 0.1 8478026 1 0 .233897527 0.277183889 0.3 14882302 0.34723572
44 0 .065129602 0 .124260-'2-' 0 .1776155 15 0.225406 18 0.267&.l3727 0.305139463 0 .337.5().4696
46 0 .062422947 0. 1\ 934947 0.170974768 0 .217483768 0.2590613% 0295892578 0.328162242
48 0.059932002 0. 114809389 0. 16480396-* 0 .210078487 0.250795718 0.2871 18417 0 .3 19209346
179
50 0.057632 0. 1106 0, 159056 0 .2031 -14 U.2"'3008 0 .278792 0,3 1064
52 0 .055501821 0. 106686675 0.15368969 0. 196638883 0 .2]5662267 0.270887858 0.302-14367)
54 0 .05352)345 O. 103039·HS 0.148668902 0. 190526089 0.228725296 0.263380836 0.29-1607021
56 0.05 168094 0 .099632 152 0 , 14396 1826 0,18-1772458 0.222166545 0.256246583 0 .287 115069
58 0 . 0499610~8 0.0964420+l 0. 139S~0367 0. 179348272 0.2 1 59580 1~ 0.24946 1848 0.279952028
60 0.048351852 0.093H9074 0. 13537963 0 . 1 7~226852 0 . 2 I OO7~ 07~ 0 . 2~3OO~ 63 0.273 101852
62 0.0468·13006 0.090635595 0. 13 1457-187 0 16938... 2 1 0.20·"'9 1289 0.23685425 1 0.266548622
64 0.04542 5-115 O . O879~5992 0. 12775421 1 0 . 164798737 o 199188232 0 .230991364 0.260276794
66 0.0440910-18 0 .085486407 0 , 124252 164 0. 160450928 0 .19414 531 0.2253979 19 O.2542713~
68 0.042832791 0 .083 1244 9 1 0. 120935528 0 . 156323148 O.!893H 596 0.220057119 0 .2485 17963
70 0.04IM43 15 0.080889213 0 .117790087 0 . 152399~17 0 . 1~769679 0 . 2 1~ 9;3353 0 .H3OO2915
72 O.O-WSI9976 0 .078770683 0 . 114803026 0. 1-18665231 0 . 180-'05521 0 .2 10072124 0 .237713263
74 0039-'54721 007676O{)14 0. 111962766 0. 145107397 0 . 176238327 0 .205399976 0.232636764
76 0038-'44015 00748-'9 194 0 .109258821 0. 1-'171 3898 0 . 172255-'3 1 0 .2009204424 0.22776 1882
78 0.037483774 0 .073030985 0 .10668 167 0.138473761 0 . 168445186 0 . 196633878 0.223077766
80 0 .0365701ll 0 .071298828 0. 104222656 0.I3S3 76953 O. IM796875 0. 1925 17578 0 . 2 1 857~219
82 0 .035700295 0 .069646769 0. 101873885 0. 132-'14 286 0 .16 130062 0.188565532 0 . 2 1~W 668
84 0 .0 34870694 0 .06806939 0 .099628 145 0 .129577327 0 . 157947306 0. 18-1 76845 1 0 .21007 1132
86 0 .0 3407876 0 .066561749 0 .0974 78838 0 .126858327 0 . 1547285 14 0 .1811 177 0 .206054 184
88 0 .0 333 2 1985 0.06511933 0.09541 9915 0. 124250153 0 .151636-158 0. 177605243 0 .202 182922
90 0 .03259808 0.063737997 0 .093 ,"58 16 0 . 1217~6228 0 . 1~866392 3 0. 174 223594 0.198449931
92 0.03 190~9~8 0.062413958 0 . 09155 1~ 3 0. 1 1 93~048 O. 14 580~225 0 . 170965778 0 . m848258
94 0.031240669 0.06 11 ·n725 0 .0897320+4 o 117027296 0 .143051154 0 . 167825289 0. 19137 1372
96 0 .030603 479 0.05992-'09 0 .087983308 o 114801478 0 .140398944 0 .164796052 0. 188013147
98 0 .029991755 0.058752093 0.08630 120 1 01 12658204 0 . 137842226 0 . 161872392 0. 184767826
100 0.029~ 0 ~ 0.057625 0.08~682 0 .110593 0 . 135376 0. 1590~9 0. 18163
102 0 .028838833 0 . 0565 ~0282 0.083122253 0 . 10860 1707 0 . 132995605 0 .1563209 1 0 . 178594583
104 0 .028294976 0 .055495598 0.08 16 18756 0 . 106680452 0 . 130696689 0. 153683468 0 . 17565679 1
106 0 .02777 1247 0 .054488773 0 .080168528 0 .104825628 0 .128-17518-1 0. 151132311 0. 17281212
108 0 .02726655 0 .053517788 0.078768798 0 .103033868 0.1263272&8 0 .148663345 0 . 17005633
11 0 0 .026779865 0 .052580766 0 .07741 698 0 . 101302029 0.124249437 0. 146272727 0 . 1 67385~ 2~
11 2 0 .0263 10245 0.05 1675958 0 .076 11 0662 0.099627 17 0. 122238293 0 . 143956843 0. I M79563~
11 4 0 .025856809 005080173 1 0 .0748-'759 1 0 .098006539 0 . 1202W724 0 . 14 17 12295 0. 162283402
11 6 00254 18734 0.049956563 0 .07362566 1 0 .096437559 0. 118403789 0 . 139535882 0. 159845371
11 8 0 .02499525] 0 .04913903 1 0.07244 2898 0 .09491781 0. 11 6574723 0 . 137424591 0. 157478369
120 0 . 02~585M8 0 .048347801 0 .071297454 0 .093445023 0. 11-'800926 0 . 135375579 0 . 155179398
122 0.024 189249 ON758 1626 0.070187593 0 .092017063 0 . 1 130799~9 0. 133386 164 0.1529<5621
124 0 .02) 805-'28 0 .0-'6839335 0.069111686 0 .09063 1923 0 . 111409486 0 .13 14538 16 0. 150774353
126 0 .023433594 0.046119829 0 .06806820] 00892877 1-' o 10978736 0. 129576 14 0 .148663051
180
128 0.023073196 O.i»S-I22077 0.067055702 0 .087982655 0.1082) 1517 0 . 127750874 0.146609306
130 0.022723714 oo.w745 107 0066072827 0.086715066 0. 106680018 0 . 12597.5876 0. 144610833
132 0 .022384659 0 .044088005 0.065118297 0 .085483363 0. 105191029 0. 124249 12 0.142665463
134 0 .022055572 0.04H4'1909 0.064 190908 0.084286049 O. 103H2814 0. 122568684 0.140771139
136 0.021736019 0.042830008 0.063289519 0.083 121708 0. 102333732 0,120932745 0.138925904
138 O.02 1U5593 0,042227534 0.0624 13054 0.08 1989002 0. 100%2226 0,11 9339517 0. 137127902
140 0.021 123907 O.O·WwI764 006 1560496 0 .080886662 0 .099626822 0 . 11 7787536 O, I J53753~
142 0.020830598 0 ,0410720 12 0.06073088 0 .079813487 0.09832612 0. 116275066 0.13366661
144 0.020545321 00405 17632 0.059923295 0.078768339 0.097058792 0. 114800682 0.132000038
148 0.019997582 0.039452562 0.058370802 0.076757855 0.0946 19272 0.111 960607 0.1287874 11
150 0.0197)45 19 0,038940741 0.057624296 0,0757905 19 0 .093444741 0.110592296 0. 1272385 19
152 0.019478286 0.038442022 0.056896618 0 .07484 7201 0.092298896 0 . 109256827 0. 125726 122
154 0.019228621 0.037955909 0.056 187066 0 .073927022 0.091 180703 O. I079530-l 0 . 124 248959
156 0.0 18985275 O.O37~8193 0 .055494972 0 .073029 141 0.090089179 0.106679826 0.122805825
158 0.01874801 0.037019637 0.0548197 0.072152761 0.089023384 0. 105436132 0.121395569
160 0.018516602 0.036568604 0.054160645 0.0712971 19 0.0879824 22 0. 104220947 0. 12001709
162 0.0 18290836 0.036 128--l23 0 .05351723 0 .O70--l6 149 1 0 .086965439 0.103033309 0.1 18669335
164 0 .0 18070508 0.035698708 0.052888905 0 .0696-15 183 0.08597 162 0. 10 1872298 0.117351297
166 0.O I7855--l25 0.03527909 0.052275148 0 . 06884753~ 0.085000 184 0.100737031 0. 116062013
168 0.0 17645401 0.034869218 0.05 1675457 0.0680679 14 0.084050386 0.099626669 0.11 4800558
170 0.017440261 0.034468756 0.0 5\089355 0 .06730572 0.0831215 14 0.098540403 0.113566049
172 0.0 1723983--l 0.OH077385 0 .050516385 0 .06656037--l 0.0822 12887 O.09747H63 0 . 112357638
174 O.0 170H962 O.03369~797 0.0--l9956 I 13 0.06583 1325 0.08 132385 1 O.096--l37 108 0 . 111174512
176 0 .01685H9 0.033320701 0.049408 119 0.065118046 0 .080453782 0 .095418631 0.110015892
178 0.016665272 0.0329548 18 0.048872007 0 .064420031 0.079602082 0.09442135 0.108881029
180 0.0 16482 167 0.032596879 0 .04834739"* 0.063736797 0.078768 176 0.093444616 0.107769204
182 0 .0 16] 0]0"'2 OOJ22..J663 0 .047833913 0 .063067879 0 .07795 1514 0.092~87801 0 . 106679729
184 0.0 16 127769 0 .031903824 0 .O..J7331216 0.062412834 0.077 15 1568 0.09 1550]06 0.1056 11 94
186 0.01~956223 0.03 1568228 0.046838966 0.061771235 0.076367832 0.090631554 0.104565199
188 0 .015788289 003 1239616 0.Q4635684 0.061142672 0.0755998 19 0.08973099 0.103538896
190 0.0 15623852 0.0309 17772 0.045884531 0.060526753 0.074847062 0.088848083 0 . 102532439
192 0 .0 15462805 0.03060H9 0 .045421742 0 .05992310 1 0.074109113 0 .0879823 19 0 . 101545263
194 0.01530.5Q.I...J 0 .030293572 0.044%8 187 0.059331354 0.073385539 0.087133207 0. 100576822
196 0 .015150-+69 0 .019990825 0.044523593 0.058751163 0.072675926 0.086300271 0.099626591
198 0.014998985 0029694069 0.044087699 0.058182 194 0.071979874 0.085483057 0.098694062
200 0 .0 148.505 0.029M)] 125 0.04366025 0.057624125 0.071297 0.084681 125 0.09777875
181
Table 2: c1 = 2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0. 136375 0.244 0.326125 0.385 0.422875 0 .442 0 .444625
22 0. 125 0 .226145755 0 .305879038 O.365890JOR 0..107870023 0.43350864 0.444496619
24 0115379051 0.2106'8148 0.287688079 0.347800926 0.392288773 0.422453704 0.43959780 I
26 0.107 13'729 0.197086937 0.271JJ5913 0.33090578 1 0.376820665 0.4 10 104688 0.43 178 1975
28 0 .099990889 0.1 8513 11 95 0 .15660532 1 0.315233236 0.36 1834913 0.39723032 1 0.42223943 1
30 0 .093740741 0 . 174518519 0243296296 0.300740741 0 .3475 18519 0 .3842962% 0.-111740741
32 0 .088226318 0.165039063 0.23 1231689 0.2873535 16 0 .333953857 0.371582031 0 .... 0078735 ...
34 0.083324852 0.156523509 0.220257' 8 O.27-19s.J734 0.3211632-' 0.359250967 0.389705882
36 0 .0789)9472 0 . 148834019 0,1102.«>912 0.2635,,5953 0.309134945 0.34739369 0.37870799
38 0 .07499271 0.1 4 1857414 0.20106794 0.252952325 0.297838606 0.33605'818 0.367928998
40 0 .071-'21875 O.l355 0.192640625 0.2 4] 125 0.287234375 0.32525 0.357453 125
42 0.068175683 0.1296836 19 0 . 18-l87~7~~ 0.2339920 1 0.277278372 0.3 1~ 97678-l 0.H7330202
44 0 .065211777 0 . 12~3~26 0.17769769 0.225~88355 0.267925902 0.305221638 0.331586871
46 0.062~9~ 863 0.119'21386 0.17 10-«>684 0.2 1755568] 0.259133311 0.2959(H49~ 0 .32823415 8
48 0.059995298 0 . 11-'872685 0. 16486726 0 . 2101 ~J 782 0.250859013 0.287 181713 0.319272642
50 0.057688 0 . 110656 0. 1591 12 0.2032 0.243064 0 .2788-18 0.310696
52 0 . 05555160~ 0 . 1 06736~59 0.153739474 0. 196688666 0.2357 1205 1 0.270937642 0.302493~57
54 00535678 o 103083879 0.1~8713357 0. 190570543 0 .22876975 1 0 .26342529 1 0.29' 65 1476
56 0.0517208 0.0996720 12 0.144001685 0. 18' 8 123 18 0.222206' 05 0.256286443 0.287 15'929
58 0 . 0~ 9996925 0.096'7792 0 . 139576243 0. 1793841 49 0.2 15993891 0.2~9~97724 0.279987904
60 0 .0-'8384259 0 .09H8 1~ 81 0 . 135-'1 2037 O . 1 7~ 259259 0.210 10648 1 0 .243037037 0.273134259
62 0 .0-16872378 0.090664966 0 . 131-'86858 0. 169-'1358 1 0.20-' 520661 0 .236883623 0.266577993
64 0 .0-'5-'52 11 8 0.0880 12695 0 . 1277809 1-' 0. 16-' 825439 0. 199214935 0.231018066 0 .260303497
66 0 . 0~4115396 0.085510755 0.114276512 0 . 160~75276 0. 1941 6%58 0.225422267 0.254295712
68 0.042855053 0.083146754 0.120957791 0 . 1 563 45~1 o.189366858 0.220079381 0.248540225
70 0 . 0~ 1 664723 0.080909621 0 . 1I 781O~ 96 0. 152419825 0. 184790087 0.2 14973761 0.243023324
72 0 .lM053873 0 .078789~38 0.1 14821781 0. 148683985 0 . 1 8042~276 0.2 10090878 0.237732017
74 0 .0394719% 0.076777289 0.1119800' 1 0. 145 124672 0. 176255602 0.205~17251 0.23265~038
76 0 .03845996 1 0.074865141 0.109274767 0.14 1729844 0. 172271377 0.2009..037 0.227777828
78 0 .037498525 0.073045736 0 . 1066~21 0.1384885 11 0. 168459937 0.196648629 0.223092517
80 0.03658398~ 0.0713 125 0.1O~ 236328 0. 135390625 0.1 64810547 0. 19253l25 0.218587891
82 0 .03571299 0069659465 0.10188658 0. 132426982 0. 16 13 133 15 0. 188578227 0.21 ~ 254364
84 00J.t882505 0.06808 1201 0.099639955 0.129589137 0. 1579591 16 0.184780261 0.2 10082942
86 0 .034089766 0.066572755 0.097' 89844 0. 126869332 0. 15' 73952 0. 18 11 28706 0.206065 189
88 0.033332257 0065129602 0 .095430 186 0 . 124260424 0 .IS I6-l6729 0 . 1776 155 15 0.202193 19'
182
90 0.032607682 0,0637-47599 O .O93 ~ 55~ 1 8 0.1217558] 0. 14867)525 0. 17-1233196 0.198"5953 -1
92 0 .03 1913937 0.062-422947 0.09 156042 0.11 9349-17 0.14581321 4 0. 170974768 0.194857247
94 0.03 12"9097 0.06 11 52153 0 ,0897404 72 0. 117035724 0 , 143059582 0.167833717 0.1913798
96 0 .0306 11 39 1 0.059932002 0,08799122 0.114809389 0. 140406856 0 .164803964 0.18802 1059
98 0 .029999 193 005875953 0.086308638 0,1126656-1. 0 .137849663 0, 16 1879829 0 .184775264
100 0.0294'1 0.057632 0 .084689 0. 11 06 0 .135383 0 .159056 0. 181637
102 0.028845" 29 00565-'6879 0.083 1288-'9 0108608303 0.133002201 0 .156327506 0.178601179
104 0.02830 11 99 005550 1821 0.08 162" 979 0 .106686675 0 .130702912 0.15368969 0. 175663013
106 0 .027777 125 O,054.Jw.65 0080174406 0.10-18)1505 0 .12848 1062 0.1 5 1138188 0. 1728 17997
108 0 .021272107 0 .053523345 0 .078774355 0 .103039425 O. [26332844 0. 148668902 0 .170061887
110 0026785124 0 .052586026 0.077422239 0.10 1307288 0.12425-*6% 0. 146277986 O.l67 3 9068~
11 2 0.026315228 0.05 168094 0.076 11 5644 0.099632 152 0. 122243275 0 . 1~3961826 0. 1648006 16
11 4 0 .02586153~ 0.050806456 0.0748523 16 0.0980 11 264 0.120295449 O .l~1 71702 0. 162288 126
11 6 0.02.54232 18 0.049%1048 0.0736301-'6 0.0%442044 0.1 18408273 0.139540367 0.15984985.5
11 8 0 .024999513 0.049143291 0.072447159 0 .094922071 0. 11 6578983 0.13742885 1 0. 15748263
120 0.024589699 0.048351852 0.07 1301505 0.093449074 0. 11 4804977 0 .13537963 0 .155 183449
122 0.0241 93 1Q.1 0.Q.l758548 1 0.07019 1.... 8 0.092020918 0.113083804 0.1 333900 19 0.1529.1.9476
124 0.02)809099 0.0.J6843006 0.0691 15358 0.090635595 0.111413157 O. 13 U 57.J87 0.15077802.1.
126 0.023 43709.1. 0.046 123329 0.06807 1703 0.089291213 0.109790859 0. 129579639 0. 14866655 1
128 0 .02307653< 00454254 15 0 .06705904 0 .087985992 0. 1082 14855 0.127754211 0 . 1466126-14
130 0.0227269 0.04"'748293 0 .066076013 0 .0867 18252 0. 106683204 0 . 125979062 0. 1446 140 19
132 0.022387703 o 0....09IQ.18 0.065 121 3 ~ 1 0.085486407 0.105 194072 0. 124252 164 0.142668507
134 0 .022058481 0.0.134528 18 0.064 193817 0 .084288958 0.103745723 0. 12257 1593 0. I...o774Q.18
136 0.Q2 1738802 0.042832791 0 .063292302 0.08312449 1 0. 1023365 15 0 .120935528 0 . 138928687
138 002 1428256 0042230198 0 .0624157 18 0.08 199 1665 0 .10096489 0 .11934224 0 .137130566
140 0.02 11 26458 0 .041644315 0.1)6 1563047 0 .0808892 13 0 .099629373 0. 11 7790087 0. 135377915
142 0 ,020833042 0041074457 0.060733325 0.0798 15932 0.098328565 0.11627751 0.133669055
144 0 . 0205~7665 0.040519976 0.059925639 0.078770683 0.097061136 0.11~803026 0.132002382
148 0.019999741 0.039454 72 1 0 .058372962 0.0767600 U 0 .094621432 0.111962766 0.12878957 1
150 0.019736593 0 .038942815 0.05762637 0.075792593 0.093446815 0.11059437 0. 127240593
152 00 19480279 0 . 038~4401 5 0.0568986 12 0.074849194 0.092300889 0.10925882 1 0.125728 115
154 0.0 19230538 0037957826 0.056 188983 0.073928938 0.09 118262 0 . 1079~956 0.124250876
156 0.0 18987 11 8 0 .037~8377~ 0.0.554968 16 0.073030985 0.09009 1023 0. 10668167 0.122807669
158 0 .0 18 7 497~ 0.03702 141 2 0.0548214 75 0.072 154535 0 .089025 158 0.105437907 0.12 1397344
160 0 .018518311 0 .036570313 0.0541 62354 0 .07 1298828 0.087984131 0. 104222656 0 .120018799
162 0 .0 1 8292 ~ 82 0 .036130069 0.053.518876 0.070463137 0.086967086 0 .103034956 0.11 8670981
164 0.0 1807209.5 0035700295 0.052890492 0.069646769 0.085973207 0.101873885 0.117352884
166 0.017856955 0 .0 3528062 0.052276678 0.068849064 0.085001714 0. 100738562 0.116063543
168 0017646878 0034870694 0.05 1676933 0 .06806939 0.084051862 0.099628 14.5 0.114802034
183
170 O.OI7·H I685 0.03H70181 005 109078 0.067307144 0.083 122939 0.098541828 0. 113567"'74
172 0.0 17W21 0.03 ~ 07876 0.05051776 1 0 . O66l6 1 7~9 0.08221~263 0.097478838 0.1123590 14
174 0 . 0170~5291 0.033696126 0049957441 0.065832654 0.081325 18 0 . 096~38H7 0.1111 75841
176 0.0 16853774 0 .0333 21985 0 .049409403 0.0651 1933 0.080455066 0 .095419915 0110017176
178 0 .0 I 6666S13 0032956059 0 .0",8873248 0 .06442 1272 0.079603323 0 .094422592 01088&227
180 0016483368 0.03259808 O . O~H859'" 0.063737997 0.078769376 0.093445816 o 107770405
182 o01630~21J.l 0 .0 32247791 0.047835075 0.0630691J.l 1 0.077952675 0.092488963 0.10668089
184 0.016118892 0 . 03 1 90~ 9~8 0.04733234 0.062413958 0.07715269 1 0.09155 143 0.1056 13063
186 0015957311 0.03 1569316 o0~8~OO54 0.061772322 0.07636892 0.090632642 0.11J.l566287
188 0.015189342 00)12-'0669 004635789" 0 .06 1143725 0 .075600872 0.089732044 0.103539949
190 0 .01562"'872 0.0309[8793 0 .045885552 0.060527774 0 ,074848083 0 .088849103 O. 10253H6
192 0.015463794 0 .030603479 0.04542273 1 0.05992409 0.074 110 102 0.087983308 0.1015"6252
194 0015306002 0 .03029453 O~969146 0.059332313 0.073386498 0 .087134165 0 .100577781
196 0.0 15151398 0 . O299917~5 0 .1).H52.l523 0.058752093 0.072676856 0.08630120 1 0.09962752
198 0.01 4999887 0.02969.l97 0.1J.l4088601 0.0581830% 0.071980776 0.085483959 0.09869.l964
200 O.O I .l 85137~ 0.029~04 0 .043661125 0.057625 0.071297875 0.084682 0.097779625

downloaded from www.infarom .com/SLT/3reeIA1 .11.zip

Find the probability of three lemons or one cherry occurring on a
lemons and 3 cherries on each reel.
with column c2 = 3. We fmd there the probability P = 0.251 =
= 25.1%.

at least once
The probability of this event is
(c )3 + 3c (t - C )2 + 3( C )2(t - C ) + (c )3 .
, 2 2 2 2 2 where t IS the number of
t3 '
stops of a reel and c, and c2 are the distributions of the two symbols
on a reel. This formula returns the following tables of values, each
one for one fixed value of c, from 1 to 7.
184
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol three times or
another specific symbol at least once occurring on a payline
Table 1: c1 = 1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0. 14275 0.271125 0.386 OA88125 057825 0.657125 0.7255
22 0. 130353 118 0.248779113 0.355935387 0.452385424 0.538692712 06 15420736 0.683 132983
24 0.119936343 0.229817708 0.330150463 0.42 1368634 0.50390625 0.578197338 0 .644675926
26 0 , 111060537 0 .213529813 0 .307806099 0.39-1230769 0473145198 0.504489076 0.60980883
28 O. 10}407.J 3.J 0. 199389577 0.288265306 0 .370307945 0445790816 0 .5 14987245 0 .578170554
30 0.0%740741 0 . 187 0.27 1037037 0.349074074 0.42 1333333 0.4118037037 0 .549407407
32 0.090881348 0.176055908 0 .255737305 0.330108643 0 .399353027 0.463653564 0.523 193359
34 0.085691024 0. 16631895 0.242061877 0.3 13072461 0.379503358 044 1507226 0.499236719
36 0.08 1061385 0.157600309 0.229766804 0.297689-1-72 0.36 1496914 0.42131773 0.47728052 1
38 0.076906255 0.149748506 0.218654323 0.283733051 0 .345094037 0 .402846625 0.457 100 16
40 0.07315625 0.142640625 02085625 0271015625 0.33009375 0.385890625 0.4385
42 0,069754886 O.1361758t}t) 0, 1<)<)35752 1 0 ,2593 80736 0.31632653 I 0 .370275888 OA21309794
44 0,06665571 0.130270943 0. 190927874 0.2486%938 0.303648.573 0.355853212 0.405381292
46 0063820169 0 . 124856 168 0183179913 0.238853045 0 .291937207 0.34249.w.41 0.390585189
48 0061216001 O.I I 987J0-l7 0.176034433 0 .2297.5-l413 0.28108724 0.330087167 0.376808449
50 0.0;8816 0. 115272 0.169424 0.22132 0.271008 0.3 18536 0.363952
52 0056597()6...1 0 . 111010753 0 . 1632908.51 0 .213-l8003 0 .26162096 0 .307756315 0 .3.51928766
54 0 .0545394;'1 0.1070.5304 1 0. 1.57.585226 0.20617411 0 .252857796 0.29767-l389 0.3.J066 1993
56 0 .052626 184 0.103367575 0.152264031 0 . 199349718 0.244658801 0 .2882254-16 0.3300838 19
58 0 .0508-'2593 0.099927221 0.147289762 0 .192960966 0.236971586 0.279352372 0.320134077
60 0.049175926 0.0%708333 0 . 14262963 0.186%7593 0.22975 0.27100463 0 . 3107~9259
62 0 .047615052 0.093690208 0.138254842 0.181334 128 0 .222953241 0.263137357 0. 30 191 165 1
64 0046150208 0 .090854645 0 . 134140015 0 . 176029205 0.216545105 0 .2.55710602 0.29)548.584
66 0.0-14772797 0088 185575 0 . 130262682 0 . 171024988 0.210493363 0.248688677 0.2856318
68 0,0434752 19 0.08566876 1 0. 12660289 0.166296687 0 .204 769235 0.24203% 14 0.278 126908
70 0.042250729 0.083291545 0 . 123142857 0. 161822157 0.199346939 0.23~734694 0.271002915
72 0 .041093321 0.08 104263 1 0 . 119866684 0. 157581554 0 . 194203318 0 .21974805 0 .264231824
74 0 .0.1999763 I 0 .0789119 1 0.1 16760113 0 . 153557045 0. 1893 17513 0.224056324 0.257788285
76 0.03895885 0.076890308 0.113810322 0.149732.559 0 . 184670688 0.218638377 0.25 1649293
78 0.037972656 0.07496%56 0.111005749 0. 146093579 0. 18024579 0.213475025 0 .245793928
80 0 .037035156 0 .073 142578 0.108335938 0. 142626953 0. 176027344 0.208548828 0.240203 125
82 0 .0)614283 0 .071402403 0 . 10.579 1413 0.139320744 0.172001277 0.203843894 0.234859477
185
84 0 .03529249 0.0697.0076 0.103363568 0 .136 164089 0 . 168 154762 0.1993457 11 0.229747058
86 0 .034481241 0 .068159093 0 . 1010"4562 0 .13314708 1 O,I64.J76084 0.19504 1003 0 .224851271
88 0.03J70M'7 0.1)(>66.15'38 0.0988272'5 0. 130260671 0.16095'522 0.190917602 0.220 1587 15
90 0.032%5706 0.065197531 0.096705075 0 .127496571 0.1575802-17 0. 186964335 0.215657064
92 0.032256822 0.06381118 O.094672()6..J 0124847179 0 . 1543"423 0 , 183 170923 0.2 11 334963
94 0.031577781 0.062482542 0.09272271 J 0 ,12230551 0. 151238165 0 . 179527898 0.20718 1935
96 O.030926H 0.061208089 0.09085196 o 11 9865135 o 148254395 0 . 176026521 0.203188296
98 0.030302 0.059984573 0 .089055 156 0. 117520 123 0 . 145385851 0. 1726587 14 0.199345086
100 0.029702 0.058809 0.087328 0. 115265 0. 142626 0. 169'17 0. 195644
102 0.029125299 0.057678608 O.08566M23 O.I1309-t7 0.139%879 0.16629-14-19 0. 1920773l1
104 0.028570565 0 .056590&4 1 0.08-1067052 0 .11100453 0 .1374086 11 0 . 163284628 0 . 188637915
106 0 .028036567 0 .0555-1)3)4 0082526179 0.10899014 0 . 134940253 0 . 160381557 0 . 1853 19089
108 0 .027522164 0.054533893 0 .08 1040746 0.107047484 0 . 132558871 0.157579669 0. 1821 14642
110 0.027026296 0 .053560481 0 .07%078 14 0.105172802 0.130259955 0. 154873779 0. 179018783
11 2 0.02654798 0.05262 1202 0.0782246'9 0.103362592 0.128039302 0.152259048 0. 176026102
11 4 0.026086299 0.05 17 14293 0.076888705 0.101613587 0.125892987 0. 149730956 0.173 13 1544
11 6 0.025640401 0.050838 108 0.075597605 0.099922737 0. 1238 17346 0.147285277 0 . 170330374
11 8 0 .025209491 0 .049991114 0 .07434913 0 .098287191 0 .12 1808948 0 . 1449 18054 0 . 1676 1816
120 0.024792824 0.049171875 0.073141204 0 .096704282 0.1 19864583 0. 142625579 0 . 164990741
122 0.024389707 0.048379049 0.071971&83 0.095171512 0.117981241 0. 140404373 0. 162-144213
124 0.023999-188 0.0476 11 38 0.070839347 0.093686537 0.116156096 0. 13825 11 71 0. 159974909
126 0 .023621559 0.Q.I6867689 0 .069741889 0 .092147158 0. 11-1386495 0. 136162901 0.157579375
128 0 .0232553"'8 0.0461"687 0 .068677902 0090851307 0. 112669945 0 . 134136677 0 . 15525-1364
130 0 .022900319 0.045 .... 7883 0 .067M588 1 0089.. 970.. 1 0. 111 004096 0. 132169777 0. 1529968 14
132 0.022555966 0.044769753 0 .066M4405 OOHS1825 3 1 0 . 109386739 0 . 130259638 0. 150803837
134 0.022221816 0.0441 11 56 0.06567214 1 0.086906052 0 . 107815789 0 . 1284038" 3 0. 148672709
136 0.021897421 0.0"3-1 7H36 0.Q6.I727827 0.085665979 0. 106289277 0.126600 107 0. 146600855
138 0 .021582362 0 .042851566 0 .063810276 0 .084460776 0 . 104805348 0. 1248",6275 0. 144585841
140 0.021276239 0 .0422-'8178 0 .062918367 0 .08328899" 0. 1033622'5 0 . 123140306 0. 142625364
142 0.020978679 0 .0",16615-'4 0.062051041 0 .082149263 0.10 1958308 0 . 12148027 0. 1407172"5
144 0020689327 0 .041090977 0 .06 120729" 0 .0810"0287 0. 10059 1966 0 .1198643" O. 138859418
148 0020133926 0.039995472 0.059586796 0.07890975 1 0.097966187 0 . 116757954 0 . 135286903
150 00 19867259 00394693 33 0.058808296 0 .077885926 0.09670" 0 . 11 5264296 0. 133568593
152 0 .01960756-1 0.038956856 0 .0580"9871 0.0768883 15 0.095473898 0.113808329 0 . 131893315
154 0 .0 1935457 0 .038457516 0 .057310753 0 .075915925 0 .094274675 0.112388644 0.130259477
156 0 .019108022 0 .037970812 0 .056590216 0 .0749678 12 0.093105181 0. 111 003905 0 . 128665562
158 0.018867676 0 .037496273 0.055887567 0 .074043078 0.09196",327 0.109652837 0. 127 11 0 127
160 0 .018633301 0.037033447 0 .055202148 0 .073140869 0 .090851074 0. 108334229 0 . 12559 1797
162 O.OI840~677 0.036581907 0.0545 33335 0.072260373 0 .089764433 0.1070"6925 0. 124 109261
186
164 0 .018181596 0,036141243 005388053 0071400816 0.088703 46 1 0.105789826 0.122661272
166 0.0 17963857 0.035711069 0053243166 0.07056 1459 0.087667261 0. 104 561882 0.121246636
168 0.0 1775 1272 0.035291014 0.05262070 1 0.069741 6 0.086654974 0. 103362091 0.1198642 16
170 0017S4366 0034880725 0.0520 1262 0.068940566 0.085665785 0 102189497 0.118512925
172 O . O I 7J.10~7 0.0)4479865 O,05 141 8-l29 0 .0681577\7 0 .08469891 0. 10 1043186 0 .117191725
174 0.0 1714 267 1 0034088 113 0,050837658 0.067392442 0 .083753605 0.099922286 0 .115899624
176 0.0 16948972 0.033705163 0.050269857 0 .066644154 0.082829 155 0.098825961 0. 114635671
178 0.016759602 0033330721 0.049714597 0.065912295 0.081924879 0.097753412 0113398958
180 0.0 16574417 0.032964506 0.049 171468 0.065196331 0.081040 123 0.096703875 0.1121886 15
182 0 .016393279 003260625 1 0.048640075 O.()(H4957.J.8 0 .080174264 0 .095676618 0. 111003807
184 0 .016216058 0 .032255698 O.048 12()()..1] 0 .0638 10056 0 .079326701 0,094-67094 0.109&..0737
186 0 .0 16042628 0.03 19 12602 0,04-76 1101 1 0.063 138787 0.07849686 1 0 .093686168 0,108707639
188 0.0 15872868 0 .031516728 0.047112634 0 ,06248 1489 0.077684 196 0.092721657 0. 107594777
190 0.015706663 0.03124785 0.046624581 0.061837731 0.076888176 0.09177679 0.106504447
192 0.015543902 0.030925751 O.046 1-l6534 0.061207 1 0.076 108297 0.090850971 0.105435972
194 O.01538..w81 0.030610224 0 .045678 189 0.060589 198 0 .07534"072 0.089943633 0.104388702
196 0.015228296 0 .03030107 0.04521925" 0 .059983643 0.074595035 0.089054226 0. 103362013
198 0.0 1507525 0 .029998099 0.04.t769447 0059390069 0.073860738 0.088182225 0.102355305
200 0.0 1492525 0 .029701 125 0.0443285 0.058808 125 0.073 14075 0.087327125 0.101368
Table 2: c, =2
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I----
t
20 0 . 143625 0.272 0.386875 0 .489 0.579 125 0.658 0.726375
22 013 10105 18 02 ..9 ..365 14 0.3.56592787 0.453042825 0.539350 113 0.6 16078137 0.683790383
24 0 . 120442708 0230324074 0.330656829 0.42 1875 0 .50441 2616 0 .578703704 0.645 182292
26 0 . 111458807 02 13928084 0.30820437 0.3 9462904 0.473543468 0.54528903 0.610207101
28 0.1037263 J2 0.199708455 0.288584 184 0.370626822 0.446 109694 0.515306 122 0.57848943 1
30 0.097 O. 1g72~9259 0.271296296 0 .349333333 0.42 1592593 0. 488296296 0.549666667
32 0 .091094971 0.17626953 1 0.255950928 0.3 30322266 0.39956665 OA63867188 0 .523406982
34 0.0858691 23 0. 166-197049 0.242239976 0.31325056 0.37968 1457 0.441 685325 0.49941 48 18
36 0.08 121142 0 .157750343 0.229916838 0.297839506 0.36 1646948 0.-12 14-67764 0.477430556
38 0.077033824 0 . 149876075 0.21878 1892 0.283860621 0.345221607 0.402974194 0 .• 5722773
40 0 .073265625 0.14275 0.208671875 0 .271125 0.330203125 0.386 0.438609375
42 0.069849368 0. 136210381 0.19945200) 0 .259475219 0 .3 16421013 0 .37037037 0 .421404276
44 0 .066737885 0 .1303531 18 0. 191010049 0 .248779113 0.303730748 0.355935387 0.405463467
46 0 .063892085 0.1 24928084 0.18325 1829 0.238924961 0.292009123 0.342565957 0.390657105
48 0.06 1279297 0.11 9936343 0 . 176097729 0.229817708 0.28 1150535 0.330 150463 0 .376871745
187
50 0 .058872 0. 115328 0 , 16948 0 .22 1376 0.27 IIX)..) 0.318592 0.364008
52 0.056646848 0. 111060537 0 . 1633 40635 ().2135298 13 0 .26 1670744 0 .307806099 0 .35 197855
54 0.054583905 0107097495 0, 15762968 U.2062 18564 0 .252902251 0.2977188"'4 0.3.«>706..... 7
56 0.052666O·U 0 .1034074)4 0 .15230389 0 .199389577 0 .2·'-'698661 0 .288265306 0 .330123679
58 0.050873-17 0.099963098 0 .14 7325639 0. 192996843 0.237007462 0.279388249 0.320 16995.
60 0 . ~92083 33 0.0%7. om 0 . IU662037 0, 187 0 .229782407 0.271037037 0.3 1079 1667
62 O _ ~764+t2J 00937 1958 O 1 3 82~2J3 o 181363499 0 .2229826 12 0 .263 166728 0.3019-11022
64 0046 1769 1 0.09088 1348 0134' 667 18 0 176055908 0.2 1657 1808 0.255737305 0 .293575287
66 0 .0 .... 7971-15 0.08820992 3 0 .1302870 3 0. 171049)36 0 .2 105 17712 0 .2487 13026 0 .285656 148
68 0 .~ 3 . 97.81 0 .085691024 0. 126625 153 0 .1663 1895 0 .20479 1497 0 .242061877 0.2781 49171
70 0 .0. 227 11 37 0 .083311953 0. 123163265 0.161842566 0 .199367H7 0.235755102 0 .27 1023324
72 0.04 1 112076 0 .081061 385 0. 11 9885438 0.157600309 0.194222072 0 .229766804 0.264250579
74 O.OJOOI4905 0.078929 185 o 11 6777387 0.153574319 0.189334788 0.22"'073599 0.257805559
76 0.03897·n96 0.076906255 0.11 3826268 0. 149748506 0.184686634 0.21865432] 0.25 1665239
78 0.037987"'07 0.07"'984... 06 0. 11 1020.99 0. 146 10833 0.18026054 0.213489776 0.245808679
80 0 .0370.8828 0.07315625 0. 10834%09 0. 1.2~0625 0. 1760., 0 , 6 0.2085625 0.H0216797
82 0.036155526 0.071 41 5098 0.10580-1109 0. 13933344 0.172013973 0.203856589 0.234872 172
84 0.035]0-1 3 0.06975-1886 0103375378 0.136 175899 0. 168 166572 0.19935752 1 0.229758868
86 0.034492146 0.068170098 0101055567 0. 133 158087 O.16...... !H089 0.195052008 0.224862276
88 0.0337 16719 0.0666557 1 00988]75 16 0. 1302709"'3 0. 16096-179" 0.190927874 0.220168987
90 0032975 309 0.065207 133 0.0%714678 0 127506 173 0. 1575898.9 0 .186973937 0.2 15666667
92 0 .0 32265811 0.063820169 009. 681053 0.124856 168 0 .15. 35322 0 .183 179913 0 .2 11 W953
94 003 1586209 0.06249097 0.0927] 11 39 0.1223 13938 0. 15 1246593 0.179536326 0.207190362
96 003093...652 0.061216001 0090859872 0.119873047 0. 14IUG2306 0.1760344 33 0.203 196208
98 0.0 30 309437 0.05999201 0.089062593 0.117527561 0.1"' 5393289 0.172666 15 1 0.199352523
100 0 .029709 0.058816 0 .087335 0. 115272 0. 142633 0 .169. 2. 0. 19.5651
102 0.02913 1895 0 .05768520. 0.085673 12 0 .11 310 12% 0 .139975387 0. 1663010. 6 0.192083927
104 0.028576788 0.05659706-1 0.08... 073275 0.111010753 0. 1374 14834 0 .163290851 0 .18_138
106 0.028042444 0.0555492 12 0.082532057 0. 1089%0 17 0.13494613 0. 160387434 0. 185324966
108 0.027527721 0.05" 53945 0.08 10-*6303 0.107053041 0. 132564421 0.157585226 0.182120199
11 0 0.027031555 0.05356574 0.079613073 0. 105 178062 0. 1302652 1... 0.15"879038 0. 1790240"'2
11 2 0 .026552962 0.05262618... 0.07822%32 0.103367575 0. 1280-W284 0.152264031 0.17603 1085
11 4 0.02609IOH 0.0517 19017 0.0768934 3 0.1 0 1618312 0. 125897712 0.1"'97]5681 0.173 136269
11 6 0.0256+1886 0.0508"'2593 0.07560209 0.09992722 1 0.12382 183 1 0.1"' 7289762 0.170334859
11 8 0.025213751 0.049995374 0.07435339 1 0.09829 1451 0.121813209 0.144922314 0. 167622"1
120 0.02-1796875 0 .Om75926 0.073 145255 0 .096708333 0.119868634 0. IU62%3 O. I6499H92
122 0.02 ... 393562 0.0-18382904 0.07 1975738 0.095 175367 0.117985096 0.1 "'0"'08228 0 .16U48068
124 0.02 ... 003 16 0.0"' 7615052 0.070!U30 19 0 .093690208 0.11 6 159767 0.13825-1842 0 . 15997858
126 0.023625058 0.0"'6871 188 00697-15388 0.092250657 0. I IH89995 0. 136 166"'0 1 0.157582874
188
128 0.023258686 O.O-U> 150208 0.06868114 0.090854645 0 . 11 2673283 0.134 14001 5 o 15.5257702
130 0.022903505 0.04545107 0.06764906 7 0 .089500228 0. 111007283 0132172963 0. 153
132 0.0225590 1 O.o.w772797 0.(166647« 9 0 .088185575 0.109389783 0 .130262682 0 .150806881
134 0.02222"'725 0.().j<11<<69 0.06567505 0 .086908962 0 . 107818698 0 128<06752 0.148675618
136 0.02 190020'- O.O .D475219 0.06"'730609 0.08.566876 1 0. 10629206 0.12660289 0. 146603638
138 0.021585025 0,042854229 0.0638 129'" 0.084463.09 0 .104808011 0 .124848939 0 .144588504
140 0.02127879 0 .0"' 2250729 0.1)62920918 00832915" 5 0.103364796 0. 123 1428.57 0.1-12627915
142 O.0209811H 0.0"' 1663989 0 .062053485 0 .082 15 1703 0. 10 1960753 0 .121"82 715 O. I-W7 1969
144 0.020691671 0 .041093321 0.06 1209638 0 .0810<263 1 0 .10059<31 0. 11 986668< 0 .138861762
148 0.020136085 0 .03999763 1 0.059588956 0.07891191 0 .0979683<6 0,11 6760 1n 0.135289062
150 0 .0 19869333 0.03947 1407 O.OSR81037 0077888 0.096706074 0 .11526637 0 . 133570667
152 0 .019609557 0.03895885 0.05805 1864 0.076890308 0.095475892 0.113810322 0. 13 1895309
154 O.0 1935CH87 0.038459-'32 0.0S73 1267 0.0759178.t2 0 .09-'276591 0. 11239056 1 0. 13026139-'
156 0 .0 19 109866 0 .037972656 0.056592059 0 .074969656 0 .093 107025 0. 111005749 0 .128667406
158 0 .018869-'5 0.037498(J.l8 0 .0558893<1 0.07404<852 0.09 1966 102 0. 109654612 0 . 127 111 902
160 0.0186350 1 0.037035156 0.055203857 0.0731<2578 0 .090852783 0 .108335938 0125593506
162 0.0 18-'06)2-' 0.036583553 0.05-1 53-'981 0 .07226202 0 .089766079 o 107O.t8572 0 .124110908
164 0.0 18183183 0.03614283 0 .053882 117 0.07 1402403 0.088705048 0 .10 579 141 3 0 . 122662859
166 0.0 17965387 0035712599 0 .053244696 0.070562989 0.087668791 O.l0456HI3 0.121248 166
168 0017752748 0 .03529249 0.052622177 0 .0697·0076 0 .086656451 0.103363568 0.119865692
170 0 .0 17545084 0.034882 149 0 .05201 40-'-1 0 .06894 199 1 0 .085667209 0 .102 190922 0 . 1185 1435
172 0 .0 17342223 003+*81 241 0.05 141 9804 0 .068 159093 0.084700286 0.101044562 0. 1171 9310 1
174 0.0171-13999 003-1089-142 0 .050838986 0 .06739)77 0 .08375-193-' 0.099923615 0.115900953
176 0 .0 16950256 0 .033706447 0 .050271141 0066645-138 0 .082830<39 0.0988272<5 0.1 14636955
178 0 .0 1676084 3 0.03333 1962 0.(J.l97 15839 0.065913537 0.08 192612 0.09775-1653 0 .1 13400 199
180 00 16575617 0032965706 0049172668 0 .06519753 1 0.081(J.lJ32< 0.096705075 0. 1121898\5
182 0 .01639444 1 0 .03260741 2 0 .048641236 0 .064-196909 0.080 175425 0.09567778 0.1 11 ~968
184 0016217182 0.032256822 0 .048 121 167 0.0638 1118 0.079327824 0.094672064 0.109844861
186 00 16043716 003 191369 0.0-1 76 12099 0 .06313987-1 0.078497949 0.093687256 0. 108708726
188 00 15873921 0 .03157778 1 0.0471 13687 0 .0624825<2 0.077685249 0.0927227 11 0 .10759583
190 00 15707683 0 .03124887 0.04662560 1 0.06 1838752 0.076889 197 0.09177781 0.106505467
192 0 .0155""", 891 0.03092674 0.046 147523 0.06 1208089 0.0761 09286 0.090851% 0.105436961
194 0015)85439 0.030611183 0.0456791 -'8 0 .06059() 157 0.07534503 0.0899+*591 0. 1O.J 389661
196 0 .015229225 0.030302 0 .045 220 184 0.059984573 0.07<59596< 0.089055 156 0 .103362943
198 0 .0 15076 152 0.Q29999 0.(44770)49 0.059390971 0.07386 164 0 .088183127 0 .102356207
200 0 .0 1-1926125 0.029702 0 .04 ..B29)75 0.058809 0.073 1-11625 0.087328 0 . 10 1368875

189
Find the probability of three lemons or at least one cherry
occurring on a pay line of a 3-reel slot machine with 38 stops on each
reel, having 4 lemons and 5 cherries on each reel.
We consider Table 4 and look at the intersection ofrow t = 38
with column c2 = 5. We find there the probability
P = 0.346242164 = 34.6242164%.
1.13 A specific symbol three times or any combination of that

symbol with another specific symbol
The probability of this event is (CI ) 3 + CI C32 (C I + c2 ) , where t is the
t
values, each one for one fixed value of ci from 1 to 7.
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol three times or any
combination of that symbol with another specific symbol occurring on a
payline
Table I: c i =1
C? I 2 3 4 5 6 7
---=-
t
20 0.000375 0 .000875 0,001625 0.002625 0.003875 0.005375 0,007125
22 0.000281743 O.00065H 0.001220887 0 .00197220 1 0.002911345 0.1)(»038317 0 .005353 118
24 0.0002 170 1" 0.000506366 0 .0009"039" 0 .0015 19097 0.0022U4n 0.003 11 0532 0.~123264
26 0.000170687 0.00039827 0.0007)9645 0 .00119"811 0.001763769 0.OOH4<;518 0.00324)059
28 0000136662 0 .000) 18878 0000592201 0.000956633 0.001412 172 0.00 1958819 0 .00259657"
30 0.0001111 11 0 .000259259 O~8 1 481 0.000777778 0.001148 148 0.00 159259] 0.0021 11111
32 9.1,5527E..Q5 O.OCI0213623 0 .000396729 0 .QOO6.!0869 0.0009.$60·'.5 0.001312256 0.00 1739502
34 7.6328IE<l5 0 .000178099 0 .000330755 0.000534297 0 .00078872" 0 .00109" 036 0 .00145023"
36 643OO"E<l5 0.00015OO~ 0 .000278635 0.000"50 103 0 .000664 438 0 .000921639 0.00 1221708
38 5.46727E-05 0.00012757 0.000236915 0,000382709 0.00056-195 1 0.000783642 0 .00103878 1
40 0 .000046875 0.000109375 0 .000203125 0 .000328125 O.()(XM84375 0 .000671875 0.000890625
42 404924E-OS 9.~822E-05 O.OOOI75~67 0.000283447 0.OOO ..H8~2 1 0.000580391 0 .000769355
44 3.52 179E-05 8.2 1751E-05 0.000152611 000024<;525 0.0003639 18 0.00050479 0.00066914
46 3.08211E<l5 7. 19 158E-05 0.000133558 0 .0002157-18 0.000318" &.1 0.000"" 1769 0.0005856
48 2.7 1267E-05 6.32957E-05 0.000 11 7549 0.000 189887 0.00028031 0 .0003888 17 0 .0005 15"08
190
50 0.000024 0.000056 O.OOO I().l 0.000 168 0.000248 0.0003.44 0.000456
52 2.1JJ59E.Q5 <.97838E.Q5 9.2 4556E.Q5 0.000 149351 0 .00022047 1 0.000305815 0.000405382
54 1.9052£..05 -l-,44546E-O; 8.25586E.Q5 O.OOO1333~ 0.00019687 0.000273078 0.00036 1988
56 1. 70327 E-05 3.98597E.Q5 7.4025 I E-05 0.00.)1 19579 0000176522 0000244852 0000324572
58 1.53758E-OS 3.58768E-05 6.66284E-05 0.0001076 3 0 .000 158883 0.000220386 0.000292 14
60 1.38889E..o5 3.24074E-05 6.0 I 852E..(),5 9. 72222E-05 O,tXXH -I 35 19 0.000 199074 0.000263889
62 1.2 5877E-05 2.93713 E.Q5 5A5-l67E.Q5 8.8 1139E.Q5 000013007) 0.000180424 0.000239166
64 1.14441 E-05 2.67029E..o5 4.959 11E-05 8.0 1086£ -05 0,1)00 11 8256 0.000 164032 0.0002 17438
66 1.043-19E-05 2.43482E"()S ·L52 18E-05 7.30-145E-05 0.000 107828 0.000 149567 0.000 198264
68 9.5410 1 E~ 2.22624E.Q5 '" 13444E-05 6.6787IE.Q5 9.85905E.Q5 0000\36755 0,000 181279
70 8. 74636E.Q6 2.04082E-05 3.79009E-05 6. 12245E-05 9.0379E.Q5 0.000 125364 0.000 166 181
72 8.03755E-06 1.87543E.Q5 J.48294E.Q5 5.62629E-05 8.30547E.Q5 0.000 11 5205 0.000 152713
74 7.4033IE-06 1.72744E-05 3.2081E-05 5. 18232E.Q5 7.65009E.Q5 0000106114 0000140663
76 6.83409E.Q6 1.59462E-05 2.96 1-14E-05 4.78386E-05 7.06 189E-05 979552E.Q5 0.000 129848
78 6.32175E-06 1... 7508E-05 2.73943E-05 4.42523E-05 6 .53 248E-05 9.06 118E-05 0.000 120 113
80 5.85938E-06 U6719E.Q5 2.53906E.Q5 -I. 10156E-05 6.05469E.Q5 8.39844E.Q5 0.00011 \328
82 SA410 1E..()6 1.26957E.Q5 2.35777E.Q5 3.80871E-05 5.62238E.Q5 779878E.Q5 0.000\03379
84 5 .06 1 ~5E -06 I.I SI03E.Q5 2. 1933 4E.Q5 3.5·0 08E-05 5.23027E.Q5 7.25489E.Q5 9.61694E.Q5
86 471657E..Q6 1.l0053E.Q5 2.04385E~5 3.30 1 6E~5 -t .87378E~5 6.7604IE.Q5 8.96148E.Q5
88 44022-'E.Q6 1 .02 7 1 9E~5 1. 90764E.Q5 308 156E.Q5 -t 5-t898E~5 6.30987E~5 8.36425E.Q5
90 4.11523 E.Q6 9.602 19E-06 1.78326E.Q5 2.88066E-05 4.2524E.Q5 5. 89S49 E ~ 5 7 . !:I 1 893 E~5
92 3.85263E-06 8.98948E-06 1.66947E.Q5 2.69684E.Q5 3.98106E.Q5 5.5221 IE.()5 7.32E.Q5
94 361 192E-06 8 -t278IE..()6 1.565 16E.Q5 2.5 2834E~ 5 3.7323IE~5 5 . 17708E~5 6.86264E.Q5
96 3.39084E..()6 7. 9 11 96E~6 1.46936E~5 2.37359E-05 3.50387E-05 4 .8602 I E~5 6.4426E.Q5
98 3. 187-t5E-06 7A3738E-06 1.38123E~5 2.23\2 IE.Q5 3.2937E.Q5 4.56s67E..()5 6.056 15E.Q5
100 0.000003 0.000007 0.0000\3 0.000021 0.00003 1 0.000043 0.000057
102 2.82697E-06 6 . 5 962 6E~6 1.22502 E.Q5 1. 97S88E.Q5 2.92 12E-05 4.05 199E.Q5 5.37 124E..()5
104 2.66699E-06 6.22297E-06 1.1 557E-05 1.86689E.Q5 2.75589E-05 3.82268E"()5 5.06728E"()5
106 2 51886E..()6 587733E..{)6 1091SIE"()5 1.7632&05 2.60282E"()5 3.61036E-05 -t.78583E-05
108 2.38 15E-06 5.55683E-06 1.03 I 98E..()5 1.66705E.Q5 2.4608SE.Q5 3.4\348E.Q5 -t . 5 2-t84 E~5
11 0 2.25394E-06 5.2592E-06 9.76709E-06 1.57776E-05 232908E.Q5 3.23065E.Q5 4.28249E.Q5
11 2 2 13534E-06 4.98246E-06 9.2531 4E-06 IA947-,E-OS 2.20652E.Q5 3.06066E.Q5 4.057 15E.Q5
114 2.02-t91 E..()6 -t .7148&06 8.77-t63E-06 1 . 41 744 E~5 2.092 41E ~5 2.90238E-05 3.84734E.Q5
11 6 1.92197£-06 -t. 4 8-t 6E~6 8.3 2855E-06 J.34538E-05 1.9lJ6O.1E.Q5 2.75-t 83E~5 3.65 175E-05
11 8 I 82589E-06 4.26042E-06 7.9122E-06 1.27812E.Q5 1.88676E"{); 2.6171 IE"()5 3.4692E.Q5
120 1.736 I IE-06 4.05093E-06 7. 52315E-06 1.2 1528E.Q5 1.79398E.Q5 2.48843E.Q5 3.2986IE.Q5
122 1.652 12E-06 3.8'495E.Q6 7. 159 19E-06 i .15648E-O; i .707 1I)E..()5 2.36804E.Q5 3. 13903 E.Q5
124 157346E-06 3.6iI4 IE-06 6.81833E-06 1.l0 142E-05 1 .62591E~5 2.2553E-05 2.98958E.Q5
126 IA9972E..()6 3.49934E-06 6A9878E..()6 1.0498£.05 1.5-t97 1E-05 2. 1496E-05 2 .84946E~5
191
Z6 1
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Table 2: c] = 2
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
~
t
20 0.00175 0.003 0.00175 0.007 0.00975 0.0 13 0.0 1675
22 O.OODI 480 1 0,002253944 O.OO3568H5 O.OO52592<M 0007325319 0 .009767092 O.O I258~ 523
24 0.0010127)1 0.0017361 11 0 ,002748843 O.{)()4050926 O.OO5fH.236 I 0.0075231-18 0.0096932&7
26 0.00079654 I 0.00 1365498 0 .002162039 0.003 186 163 0.004'3787 0 ,00591716 0 .007624033
28 0.00063TI55 0.00109329.1 000173105 0.00255102 0.003553207 0004737609 0.006 1().1227
30 0,000.5185 19 0.000888889 0.00 1407407 0.00207407' 0.002888889 0OO38511J52 0.004%2%3
32 0.000427246 0.000732422 0.001159668 0.00 1708984 0.002380)7 1 O.OO3 17382R 0.004089355
34 0.000356 198 0 .000610625 0.000966823 0 .00 1414791 0 .00 198453 1 O.OO26-UlO4] 0 .003409322
36 O.OOOJ00069 0.000.5 14403 0.0008 144 72 0.00 1200274 0.001671811 0002229081 0002872085
38 0.000255139 0.000437382 0,000692521 0.00 1020557 0.00 142149 0.00189532 0.002442047
40 0.00021875 0.000375 0.000.5937.5 0000875 0.00121875 0.001625 0.00209375
42 O.OOOI889(H 0.000323939 0.000512904 0 ,000755858 0.001052802 o OOl403736 000180866
44 0.000 16-135 0 .000281743 0 .000446093 OJ)()06574 0.0009 15665 0001220887 0,00 1573065
46 0.000 143831 0 .000246569 0 .0003904 0 .000575327 0.00(80 )348 0.00 1068464 0,001376675
48 0.000 126591 0.0002 17014 0.000343605 0.000506366 0.000705295 0.000940394 0.00 1211661
50 0.000 112 0.000192 0.000304 0.000448 0 .00062 ~ 0.000832 0.001072
52 9 . 95676E~5 0.000170687 0.000270255 0.00039827 0.000554734 0.OOO73i)(H5 0.000953004
54 8.89092E.{l5 0.0001524 16 0.0002-41]25 0.000]55637 O.()()()495351 0.()()()66().168 0.000850988
56 7.97 194E.{l5 0.000136662 0.0002 16)8 1 0.0003 18878 O.()()().I4-'15 1 0.00059220 1 0.000763028
58 7. 17537E...()5 0.000 123006 0.00019476 0.0002870 15 0.00039977 0.000533027 0.000686785
60 6 .48148E~5 0.00011 1111 0000175926 0.000259259 0.000361111 0.00Q.I81 48 1 0.00062031
62 5.87 .H 6E..QS 0.000100702 0 . OOO I 59~-14 0.00023497 0.00032728 O.OOO~36 3 73 0.00056225
64 5.34058E"'()5 9. I 5527E...()5 0.000144958 0.0002 13623 0.000297546 0.000396729 0.00051 1169
66 486963E..Q5 8.3-1794E..Q5 0.000132 176 0.000 19--1785 0.000271308 0.00036 1744 0.00Q.I66093
68 4.4S247E-05 7.6328 1E~5 0.000 120853 0.000 178099 0.000248066 0.000330755 0.00Q.I26 165
70 4.08163H5 6 . 99708E~5 0.000 110787 0.000163265 0.000227405 0.000303207 0.00039067 1
72 3 75086E~5 6. 43004E~5 0.000101809 0.000150034 0.000208976 0.000278635 0.0003590 11
74 3 . 4~88E-05 S.9226SE..oS 9.37753E..()5 0.000 138195 0.000 192486 O.OOO256(H.8 0.000330681
76 3. 18924E..o5 SA6727E"()5 8.656S 1E.(I5 0.000 12757 0.000177686 0.00023691S 0.000305256
78 2 . 95015E~5 5 .057~ E...()5 8.oo755E~5 0.000 11 8006 0.000 164366 0.0002 191 5"", 0.000282372
80 2 . 73 4 38E~5 0.000046875 7.42188 E~5 0.000109375 0.000 152344 0.000203 125 0.00026 171 9
82 2.539 14E..oS 4 .3 528 1 E~5 6.89 1 95E~5 0.00010 1566 0.000 141 466 0.000 188622 0.000243032
84 2.36206E.{I5 "",.049HE"()5 6.4 ] I 29E"(); 9.44822E-OS 0.0001316 0.000175"",67 0.000226082
86 2.20 106E..oS 3. 77325E..()5 5.974J2E"()5 88().426E..oS 0.000 122631 0.000163508 0.000210673
88 2.05438E-05 3.52179E-05 5.57616E-05 8.217SIE-05 0.000 11 4458 0.000152611 0.000 196633
193
90 1.920HE-05 3.29218E-05 5.2 1262E-05 7.68176E-05 0 .000 [06996 0.00014266 1 0.000183813
92 1.7979E-05 3.08211E-05 .t88E-05 719158E-05 0.000 100168 0.000133558 0.000172084
94 1.68556E-05 2.88953E-05 4.5 7509E-OS 6742HE-05 9.39098E..05 0.000125213 0.000 161332
96 1.582 39E-05 2.71267E-05 4 .29507E-OS 6.32957E-05 8.81619E-05 0.000117549 0.000 151458
98 IA8748E-05 2.54996E-05 4.0J7.BE-OS 5.9499E-05 828736E..()5 0 .000 110498 0.000 142373
100 0.00001 4 0.000024 0.000038 0.000056 0.000078 0.000 104 0.000134
102 1 31925E-05 2.26157E-05 3.58082E-05 5.2770 1E-05 7.35011E-05 9.800 15E-05 0.000 126m
104 I.H4S9E-OS 2.13359E-05 3.37819E-05 .. 97838E-05 6.934 17E-05 9.24556E..{)s 0.000119 126
106 1.1 7547E-05 2.0 1509E-05 3 19055E-05 4.70187E-05 6 .5"903E-05 8.7320.4E-05 0.0001 12509
108 1. 1 I 137E-05 1. 9052E-05 3.0 1656E-05 4.445"'6E-05 6 19189E-05 8.25586E-05 0.000 106374
110 1.05 18-1E-05 180316E-05 2.855E-05 4.20736E-05 5.86026E-05 7.81367E-05 0.000100676
11 2 1J.96"92E-Q6 170827E-05 2.70476E-05 3.98597E-05 5.55 189E-05 7.4025 1E-05 9.53786E-05
11 4 9.4496E-06 1.6 199JE-05 2.56489E-05 3.77984E-<l5 5.1fH78E-05 7.0 197E"()S 9.04462E-05
11 6 89692 1E-06 1.53758E-05 2.4345E-05 3.58768E-05 .. .997I3E-05 6.6628"' E"(),5 8.58-'8 I E"()5
11 8 8.52083E..()6 1 -'607IE..()5 2.3 I 28E..()S 3.40833E..o5 4,74732£-OS 6.32976E"()S 8,ISS6SE"{)5
120 8.1018SE..()6 1.38889E-05 2.19907E-05 3 24074E-05 4.51389E-05 6.01852E-05 7.75463E-05
122 7.7099E-06 1.32 17E-05 2.09269E-05 3.08396E-05 4 29551E-05 5.72735E-05 7.37947E-05
124 7.3-'282E..06 1.2S877E-OS 1.9930SE"()S 2.937 13E..()S -' .09IE"()S SAS-,67E"()5 7.02813E-05
126 6.99868E-06 1.l9977E-OS 1.8996-'E"()S 2 799-'7E"()S 3.89927E-05 S.19902E-OS 6.69874E-05
128 6.67572E-06 1.I-'44IE-OS 1.81198E-OS 267029E-05 3.71933 E-05 -'.9591 1E"{)S 6.38962E-05
130 6.37233E-06 1.092-'£-05 1.72963E-05 2.5-'893E-05 3.5503E-05 -'.73373£-05 6.09923E-05
132 60870-,E-06 1.04349E-05 1.6522E-05 2.43482E-05 3.39135E-05 4.52 18E-05 5.82617E-05
134 S81853£-06 9.97463£-06 1.,57932E..(),5 2.32741E-05 3.24176E-05 4.32234E-05 5.569 17E-05
136 5.56559E-06 9.54 10 IE-06 1.51066E-05 2.2262-'E-05 3 10083£-05 4.i3-'44E..()5 5.32707£-05
138 5.327 1E-06 9. 132 I7E-06 I A4593E-05 2.13084£-05 2.96796£..(),5 3.95727£-05 5.09879E-05
140 5 10204E-06 8.74636E-06 1.3 8-'84£-05 2.04082E-05 2.8-'257 £-05 3. 79009E-05 4.88338E-05
142 4.88948E-06 838 197E-06 1.327 15E-05 1.95579E-05 2.72414 E-05 3.632 19E-05 4.67993E-05
144 4.68857E-06 8,03755£-06 1.2726 1E-05 1.875-'3E-05 2.6 122E-05 348294E-05 4.48763E-05
148 4.3 186E-06 7A033 1E-06 1.17219E-05 1.72744E-05 2.40608£-05 3.208 I E-05 4.133 52E-05
150 -' .1-'81SE-06 7. 11 11IE-06 1.1 2593E-OS 165926£-05 2.3 1111E-05 3.08148E"()S 3.97037E-OS
152 3.98655E-06 6.83409£-06 1.08206E-05 1.59462E-05 2.22108E-05 2.96144E-05 3.8 157E-05
154 3.83324E-06 6.57127E-06 1.04045E-05 1.5333E-05 2. 13566E-05 2.84755E-05 3.66896E-05
156 3.68769E-06 6.32 175£-06 1.00094£.(15 1 47508E-05 2.05457£"{)5 2.739H£"{)5 3.52964E-05
158 3.5494 1£-06 6.08-'7 I E..()6 9.634I3E..Q6 14 1977£-05 1.97753E-05 2.6367 I E..Q5 3.3973E"()5
160 3.4 1797E-06 5.85938E-06 9.27734E-06 1367 19£-05 1.90·-O£-OS 2.53906E..()5 3.27 148E-05
162 3.29293E-06 5.64503E-06 8.93796E-06 1.3 1717£-05 1.83-U>3E..oS 2.446 18E-05 3. 15 18 1E-05
164 3. 17392E-06 5.·U IO I E-06 8.61494E-06 1.26957E-OS 1.76833£-05 2.35777E-05 3.0379E-05
166 3.06058E-06 5.2467 IE-06 8.30729E-06 1.22-'23E-05 1. 70518E-05 2.27357E-05 2.9294 1E-05
168 2.95257£-06 506155£-06 8.0 I -' 12£-06 1.1 8103£-05 1.645£-05 2.19334E"()5 2.82603£-05
194
170 2.S.9lSE-<J6 • .SSlE-<J6 7.734lSE-<J6 1.1 3983E-Ol I.l8762E-Ol 2.1I683E-05 2 . 727~ E-Ol
172 2.7111 3E-<J6 4.7 1657 E-06 7,4679E.()6 I.1 OQ53E-Ol 1.532 88E-OS 2,O.& 38SE-05 2.63 H2E-Ol
174 2.65754E-06 ·U5579E...Q6 7.2 1333E-06 1.06302E-Ol 1.48063E-OS 1.974 17E-05 2.54365E-Ol
176 2.56797E-06 4A02HE-06 6.9702 1E-06 t .027 19E"()S I 4) 073E-OS 19076-1E-05 2 .. S791EA>5
178 2.48238E-06 4.2555 1E-06 6.73788E..Q6 9.9295 IE-06 1.J830.E-05 1.84405E-05 2.37599E-05
180 2A OO55E..{)6 .k] 1523E-06 6.5 1578E-06 9.602 19E-06 1.33745E-05 1.78326E-OS 2.29767E-05
182 2.32228E-06 3.98104E-06 6.30332E-<J6 92891E-<J6 12938.E-Ol 1.72512E-O; 222275E-05
184 2.24737 E-06 3.85263E-06 6. I E-06 8.98948E-06 1 252 11 E-05 1.66947E-05 2.15 105E-05
186 2.17565E-06 3.72969E-06 5.905HE-06 8.7026E-06 1.2 1215E-05 1.6 162E-05 2.08H IE-05
188 2. 1069lE-<J6 3.61192E-06 5.7 1887E-<J6 8 .• 278IE-<J6 I. 17387E-05 Il6l16E-Ol 2.01665E-Ol
190 2.04 111 E..06 3.49905E-06 5.54017E-06 8.16-l46E..()6 1.I 37 19E-05 U l626E-Ol 1.9536-1E-05
192 1.97799E-Q6 3.39084E-06 5.36883E-06 7.911%E-06 1.10202E-05 1.46936E-05 I.R9322E..();
194 1.91744E-06 328705E-06 5.20449E-06 7.66978E-<J6 \ ,06829E-05 1.42439E-05 1.83527E-OS
196 L85934E-06 3.18745E-06 5.04679E-06 7A3738E-06 I.03592E-05 138123E-05 1.77966E-OS
198 1.803l7E-<J6 3.09 IS3E-<J6 H9l.E-06 7.2 14 27E-06 1.00484E-05 U 3979E-Ol 1.72627E-05
200 0.00000l75 0.000003 0.00000I75 0.000007 0.00000975 0.000013 000001675


Find the probability of three money bags or any combination of
money bag and bandit occurring on a payline of a 3-reel slot
machine with 32 stops on each reel, having 2 money bags and 3
bandits on each reel.
with column c 2 = 3. We find there the probability
P = 0.001159668 = 0.1159668%.
1.14 A specific symbol twice or another specific symbol once

3( C )2 (t - c ) + 3c (t - C )2 - 3( C )2C •
I I 2 2 I 2 where t IS the number of stops
t3 '
of a reel and c1 and c2 are the distributions of the two symbols on a

reel. This formula returns the following tables of values, each one
for one fixed value of C1 from 1 to 7.
195
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol twice or another
specific symbol once occurring on a payline
Table 1: cJ = 1
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0. 142125 0.249375 0.331125 0.3 89625 0.427125 0.445875 0.4481 25
22 0.129883546 0.230747558 0.310 199098 0.369928625 0.411626597 0.43698347 1 0.447689707
24 0. 119574653 0 .2 14626736 0.291 449653 0351345486 0.3956163 19 0.42556.1236 0.442491319
26 0 . 110776058 0.200557579 0.274635867 0 .334035048 0.379779244 0-"' 12892581 0.434399 18 1
28 o 103 t 79665 0. 188183309 0 .25952077) 0.3 18012026 O.36i.$77041 0.399735787 0.424608236
30 0.096555556 o 177222222 0.245888889 0 .303222222 0.34988&889 0.386555556 0.413888889
32 0.09072876 0 . 167449951 023355 1025 0.28958 1299 0.336090088 0.373626709 0 .402740479
34 0.0855638 1 0.158686139 0.222343782 0.276994708 0.323096886 0.361 108284 0.391486872
36 0.080954218 o 150784"65 02 12127058 0.265367798 0.3 1089249 0.349086934 0.38OJJ6934
38 0.076815 133 O. 14362'slM 0 .202781018 0.2546 107) 0.299442339 0.337603878 0.369423385
40 0.073078125 0.137109375 O.19U03125 0.244640625 0.288103125 0.32667 1875 0.358828125
42 0.06%87399 0131154843 0.186305-175 0.235382248 0.278628118 0.3 16286038 0.348598963
44 0066597014 0.125692618 0.179012491 0.226767938 0.269170267 0.306430785 0.3387608
46 0.063768801 0.12CJ66..1502 0. 172258979 0.218737158 0.260283965 0.297084326 0.329323169
48 0.061 17079 0.11602105 0. 165988"'98 0.21123589'" 0.251925998 0.28H22 157 1 0.320285373
50 0.058776 0.11172 0. 160152 o 2Q.&2 16 0. 2~56 0.2798 16 0.3 1164
52 0.056561504 0.107725023 0.15"'706702 0197634558 0.236636607 0.27 1840863 0.303 375341
54 0.054507697 o. I 04004 725 0.1"'%1515 0.191453285 0.229633 ...... 0.264269928 0.295477061
56 0.052597713 0. 10053 18"'2 0.1448"'4433 0. 185637983 0.223014987 0.2570779"'3 0.287929346
58 0.0.50816967 0.097282586 0. 140365534 0. 180 158063 0.216752"'29 0.2.50240887 0.280715692
60 0.0"'9152778 0.09"'236111 0.136 152778 0.17"'9&6111 0.2108 19"'-4 0.243736 111 0.2738 19"'«
62 0.0"'7594072 0.09 1374073 0.132 183378 0.170097513 0.205192004 0.237542379 0.2672241 62
64 0.04613 113'" 0.088680267 0. 128437042 0. 165470 123 O. 199848175 0.231639862 0.260913849
66 00-4755405 0.0861 ....0329 0. 124895651 0.16108398 0. 194767927 0.2260 10101 0.2>187311 1
68 0.0"'34593 17 0.08374''''77 0. 121542973 0. 1.56921051 0. 189932958 0.22063594 0.2"'9087243
70 0.042236152 0.08 1"'72303 0.11836...... 31 0. 152965015 0.18532653 1 0.21550 1"'58 0.2435"'227'"
72 0.0"'1079925 0.079322595 0.115346901 0. 14920 1067 0.18093332 0.21059 1885 0.238224987
74 0.039985292 0.077283182 0.11247853 0.145615758 0. 176739285 0.20589353 0.233122915
76 0.0389... 746 0.075345805 0.1097"'8597 0.14219684 0. 17273 1539 0.201393698 0.228224322
78 0.037962 12 0.073503009 0.10714-7373 0.1389331"'1 0. 168898245 0.1970806 15 0.223518181
80 0.037025391 0.0717"'80-17 0. 104666016 0.135814453 0. 165228516 0. 192943359 0218994 1... '
82 0.036133762 0.070074796 0.10229647 0. 13283143 0. 161712323 0.18897 1794 0.214642489
196
84 0.03528405-4 0.068477689 0 .100031382 0 . 129975502 O . 158 3~ 2 0. 185156503 02 10454122
86 0.om7338 0.066951652 0.097864025 0. 127238797 0 . 155104268 0 . 18 1488737 0.206420504
88 0.03369911 0 .065492052 0.095788235 0. 1246 14071 0 .15 1995973 0 . 177960356 0 .202533633
90 0.032958848 O.Q6.I09.465 0 .093798354 o 12209465 o 14900823 017-1563786 0 .198786008
92 0.032250401 0.062755558 O.0918R9 178 0 . 119614375 OI46IH267 0 , 17 129 1968 0 . 195170595
94 0.031571762 0.06 14 71206 0.090055912 0.117347553 0. )43367 799 0 . 1681 38322 0. 191680793
96 0 .030921088 0.060238308 0.088294135 0 .115108914 0 140702989 0165096707 0 .188310411
98 0.030296688 0.059053838 0 .086599759 0 . 112953574 0 . 138134408 0 . 162 161387 0 . 185053634
100 0 .029697 0.057915 0,084%9 0. 110877 0.135657 0. 159327 0, 18 1905
102 0.029 120587 0 .0.568 192 1 0 .08339835-4 0. 10887-498 O. JJJ266052 0 .156588529 0 . 178859375
104 0.021J566 12 O .O5~764075 0.081884566 O. I069·U595 0 . 130957165 0,1539-11276 0 . 175911932
106 0.028(132369 0.0547-17375 0 .08(1424612 0.105079193 0.12872623 0 . 151380838 0 .173058 129
108 0.0215 181 95 0.053767052 0.07901568 0.103278368 0. 126569-106 0. 148903083 0 .170293686
110 0 .027022539 0 .052821 187 0.0776551-17 0.10 1537941 0. 124-183095 0. 146504132 0.16761-1576
11 2 0.026544-121 0.051907998 0.076].10567 0.099854939 0,122463927 0 . 144 180342 0. 1650 16997
114 0.026082924 0.05 1025822 0 .075069657 0.09822658 0.12050874 0. 1"'1928286 0 .162497368
11 6 0 .025637198 0.050173106 0.0738-«)281 0 .096650257 0 .118614565 01397 ...... 736 0 . 160052303
118 0.0252064"'8 0 .0493484 0 .072650441 0 .095 123528 0 . 116778614 0 . 137626656 0. 157678609
120 0 .024789931 0 .048550347 0.07 14982/H 0 .093644097 0.114998264 0. 13557 1l81 0.155373264
122 0 .024386953 0 .0"'7777677 0 .07038 1992 0 .092209811 0 .11 327 1045 0.13317l608 0.153JJJ41l
124 0 .023996866 0 .047029 199 0 .069299977 0.09081864 1 0 . 11159463 0 .13 1637386 0 .15095635
126 0 .02361906 0 .046303795 0.068250669 0 .08946868 0. 109966826 0.129754 106 0 .1488395 18
128 0023252964 0 .045600414 0.()61232609 0 _088158131 0 .108385563 0. 127923489 0.146780491
130 0.022898043 0 .044911:\07 0 .066244424 0.086885298 O. 10684H885 0.126 143377 0. 144776969
132 0.022553792 0.044255833 0.065284821 0.085648583 0 .105354944 0. 1244 1173 1 0.14282677
134 0 .022219738 0 .043612828 0.06435258 0.084446474 0.103901993 0. 122726615 0.140927824
136 0 .02 1895434 0.04298823 0.063446548 0.083277545 0 . 1024883 76 0. 121086197 0 . 139078163
138 0.02 15804 59 0.042381259 0.062565637 0.082 140444 0 .101112527 0.1 19488735 0 .1372759 19
140 0 .02 127-441 7 0 .041791181 0.06 1708819 0.081033892 0_099772959 0 . 11793258 0.135519315
142 0 .020976933 0 .04 121 73 0.0608751l 0.079956679 0 .098468264 0. 11 6416162 O. JJJ806659
144 0.020687653 0.040658959 0.060063617 0.078907657 0.097 197105 0 . 11493799 O. JJ2 136341
148 0 .020 132384 0 .039586439 0 .058503753 0 .076889881 0.094750373 0.112090782 0 .128916661
150 00 19865778 003907 1111 0.057753778 0 .0759 191 11 0 .0935724+.1. 0.110719111 0 . 127364-'44
152 0 .019606'4 0.038569022 0.057022764 0 .074\172493 0.092423333 0. 10938041 0 .125848851
154 0019353201 0038079668 0 .0563 10004 0 .074049138 0.091301998 0. 108073513 0.124368611
156 0 .019106705 0 .03760257 0 .0556 14822 0.073148201 0.090207448 0.106797306 0 .122922514
158 0.0 18866408 0 .037 1)72 75 0 .054936577 0 .072268877 0.08913874 0 .105550727 0. 121509404
160 0 .01863208 0 .03668335 0.054274658 0.0714104 0.08809497 1 0 . 1(4)32764 0.120128174
162 0 .0 1840350 1 0 .036240382 0.053628484 0 .070572039 0 .087075282 0. 103 142447 0 .118777766
197
164 0.0 181 80"'62 0.03580798 1 0.052997" 99 0.069753096 0.086078853 0 . 101978851 0.11745717
166 0.0 I 79627(H 0.035385773 0.05238 1175 0.068952906 0 .085104899 0 . 10084 1091 0. 1161654 16
168 0.0177502 18 0.03~973402 0.051779008 0.068 170832 0.0~15267 1 0.099728321 0. 11490 1578
170 0.0 175-' 2642 0.034570527 0.051190515 0.06'406269 008322 1453 0 ,09863973 1 0. 11 3664767
172 0.0 17339865 0.0)4176826 0.0506 152 37 0.066658635 0.082310559 0.097574545 0.1 12454 13 1
174 0.0 171 -11 72 1 0,033791987 0.050052733 0,065927376 0081419333 0.09653202 0. 111 268855
176 0.0169"8055 0.033""5716 0.0"'95025&..1 00652 11% 0.0805-47 146 0.0955 11 ..44 0.110108 156
178 0.0 16758716 0.03304773 ON8964387 0.1J6.l511879 0.079693398 0.09~ 512135 0.10897128 1
180 0.01657356 0.032687757 0.048437757 0.063826646 0.0788575 1 0.093533 ~ 36 0.1078575 1
182 0.016392-15 0.03233554 0.041922326 006315579'" 0.078038931 0.09257472 1 0. 10676615 1
184 0.0 16215256 0.031990829 00"'741774 0,062498876 0.077237128 0 .091635385 0. 105696537
186 0.0 1604185 1 0 .03 1653389 0.04692]66 1 0.06185546] 0 .07M51594 0 .0907 1485 0.104648029
188 0.0 15872 115 0.0]1322991 0.0-464]9764 0.061225 144 0 .07568184 0.08981256 0. 10]6200 1]
190 0 .015705934 0 .0309994 17 ON5965738 0.060607523 0 .074927395 0.088927978 0. 1026 11 897
192 0.0 15543196 0.03068H58 0.045501285 0.060002221 0.074187809 0.088060591 0. 10 1623 111
194 0 .015383796 0.0303719 13 0 .045046 117 0.059408874 0.O73 4 626~8 0.087209m 0.100653 109
196 0 .015227612 0.03006759 0.0-l4599959 0.058827 1] 1 0 .07275 1495 0.086375 ~4 2 0.099701363
198 O.0 1 507~606 0.029769303 0.0-l41625~7 0.058256656 0.0720539~9 0.085556746 0 .098767364
200 0 .0 14924625 0.029~768 75 0.0~3733625 0.057697125 0.071369625 0.0847533 75 0.097850625
Table 2: c, =2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I--
t
20 0.160875 0.267 0.347625 0.0405 OA~1375 0.~59 0.460 125
22 0.145661 157 0.24567994 0.324186251 0.383170548 0 .42402329 1 0. H 8534936 0 .. 58395943
24 0.1330295 14 0.227-1-30556 0.3036024 31 0 .362 847222 0 4tJ6..1670l-l- 0.0435763889 0.45203993 1
26 0. 122382795 0.211652253 0.2852 1848 0 .344 105599 0.389337733 0 .... 219]9008 0.4429]]546
28 0. 113292638 0. 197886297 0.268813776 0.326895O+l 0.372950073 0.0407798834 OA3226 1297
30 0 . 1054·U444 o 185777778 0 .2541 1\ 111 0 .3 1111 1111 0.3574444~4 0.393777778 0.420777778
32 0 .098602295 o 175048828 0.2...0875244 0 .2966]0859 0.34286499 0.380 126953 OA08966064
34 0092585996 0.165479341 0.228907999 0 .28]32994 1 0.32920] 135 0 .366985549 0 .397 135 152
36 0.087255658 O.I56893~ 0 .218042695 0.27 1090535 0.3 16422325 0.3 54423868 0 .385480967
38 0.082501093 o 1~ 9 1~71 06 0.208 138942 0.259804636 0.3().1472226 0 .342469748 0.374125237
40 0 .078214375 0. 141125 0 .199078125 0 .249375 0.2932%875 0.33 1125 0.363 140625
42 0.074384516 0 . 1357]048] 0. 190759637 0 .239714934 0 .2828]9326 0 .320375769 0.352567217
44 0.070893595 0.129883546 0. 18]097765 0 .23074 7558 0.273044234 0 .3 10 199098 0.]4241346
46 0.067713898 0 . IH517137 0.1760 19 15 0.222404 866 0 .263859209 0.300567 108 0 .332713487
48 0.064805773 0.119574653 0. 169~6072 0214626736 025523546 0 .291449653 0.323432075
198
50 0 ,0621 36 0 , 115008 0 , 163368 0.20736 0 .247128 0 .282816 0.3 14368
52 0 .059676548 0110776058 0. 15769373 0.200557579 0.239495619 0 .274635867 0.306 106338
54 0.057403597 0. 106843469 0.1523 96738 0. 1941777 17 0.232)00716 0.26688()().l9 0.298030026
56 0.055296784 0.103 179665 0.147441008 0. 188183309 0225509065 0.259520773 0.290320927
58 0 ,053338595 0 .099758088 0 . 142794908 0 . 182541 3 1 0.219089549 02525) 1879 0 .282960556
60 0 .05 1513889 0 .096555556 0. 133430556 0. 171222222 0 .213013889 0 .245888889 0 .275930556
62 0.049809506 0,09355 1744 0 . 134323286 0 . 172 199658 0 .207256386 0.239568997 0 .2692130 17
64 0.D48213959 0.09072876 0. 130451202 0 . 16744995 1 0.20 1793671 0.233551025 0.26279068
66 0.046717172 0.088070791 0.126794808 0. 16295 1832 0.196604474 0 .2278 IS344 0.256647049
68 0 .0453 10274 0.0855638 1 0.123336683 0, 158686 139 0, 191669-123 0.222343782 0.250766461
70 0 .043985423 0.083 195335 0 . 120061224 O.IS.ul3S569 0 . 186970845 O.2 1711 9HJ 0.245134111
72 0 .04273566 1 0 ,0809542 18 0 . 116954411 O, I 50784.u>5 0 . 182492605 0.212127058 0 .239736047
74 0.041554794 0078830474 0. 114003613 0. 147118631 0 . 1782 19947 0.20735 1983 0.234559 157
76 0.04043729 0.076815 13] 0. 1111 97423 0.143625164 0,174139361 0.20278 10 18 0.22959 1139
78 0.039378 192 0 ,0749001 16 0.108525515 0.1402923 18 0.170238456 0. 19840 1861 0.224820462
80 0.03837]047 0 ,073078 125 0 . 1059785 16 0. 137109375 0.166505859 0. 194203 125 0.220236328
82 0 .03741 7841 0 .071342552 0. 103547903 0. 13406654 0. 16293 111 O.I 'Xl174257 0.2 1582863
84 0.0365089-19 0069687399 0. 10 1225907 0 , 1311 5484] 0. 159504576 0 . 186305475 02 11 587909
86 0.035643088 0.06810721 1 0.099005433 o.128366056 0. 156217377 0. 182587697 0.2075053 14
88 0.034817278 0.0665970 14 0.096879989 0. 1256926 18 0. 15306 1314 0.179012491 0.203572561
90 0 .0)4028807 0.065 152263 0.094843621 0. 123 127572 0.150028807 o 175572016 0.199781893
92 0.033275201 0.06376880 1 0.092890863 0. 120664502 0. 14711 2836 0 . 172258979 0.196126048
94 0 .032554203 0.0624428 11 0.0910 16682 0. 11 8297487 0. 14-1306897 O . 1690665~ 0.192 59822
96 0.031863742 0.06 117079 0.0892 16444 0. 11 602105 0.141 604953 0. 165988498 0.189 19203
98 0.03 1201923 0 ,0599495 11 0 .087485869 0 . 1138)0 122 0 . 13900139" 0. 1630 1881 0 . 18590 1495
100 0.030567 0.058776 0.08582 1 0.11172 0.13649 1 0. 160152 0. 18272 1
102 0 .029957)69 0 .0576475 11 0 .0842 18174 0.10968632 0. 13406891 0. 157382907 0.179645272
104 0.029371551 0.056561504 0.082673994 0. 107725023 0.131730591 0.154706702 0.176669357
106 0.028808177 0055515627 0.081 185307 0.105832331 0. 129471812 0. 152118863 0. 173788597
108 0.028265985 0.054507697 0.0797-'9181 0.1().J()().l725 0.127288618 0. 1496 15 15 O. 170998609
11 0 0.0277-13802 0,053535687 0.078362885 0. 102238918 0.12517731 0.14719 1585 0.168295267
11 2 0.0272405-'2 0.052597713 0.on023876 0. 10053 18-12 0. 12313-14H 0.14-184-1433 0.165674682
114 0026755 196 005 16920 19 0.075729779 0.098880627 0. 1211567 12 0. 142570 1s.; 0.163 133 191
11 6 0.026286825 00508 16967 0.074478377 0.097282586 0.11 92-1 11 28 0. 140365534 0.160667335
11 8 0.02583-1555 o ().J9971029 0.073267593 0.095735202 0. 11 73 &4811 0.138227375 0.15827385
120 0.025397569 0049152778 0.072095486 0.09-1236111 0.115585069 0.136152778 0.1559-1%53
122 0.02-1975 108 0.048360876 0.070960235 0.092783096 0. 11 383937-1 0. 134 13898 1 0.153691829
124 0.024566459 0.047594072 0.069860 13 0.09 1374073 0. 11 2 145342 0.132 183378 0. 15149762 1
126 0.024170956 0.04685 11 92 0.068793567 O.01X)OO7079 0. 110500726 0 .130283507 0.1-'9364419
199
128 0 .023787975 0.0-1613113.4 0.067759037 0.088680267 0 .108903408 0.128437042 0,147289753
130 0.023-416932 0.045-432863 0.066755121 0.08739 1898 0 . 107351388 (J, 1266-1 1784 0 . 145271279
132 0 .023057277 0.04-4755405 0.06518048 0 .086 140329 0 . 105842777 0 , 124895651 0.'43306776
134 0.022708" 95 0.0·4-40978 .... O.()(H833856 0.08"92"'01 0, 104375788 0.12319667 0. 141)9"138
136 0.022370099 0.0434593 17 0.0639'4058 0,08374 1477 0. 1029-4873 0.12 154297] 0. 139531361
138 0.022041634 0.042839009 0.063019963 0.082591345 0.10 1560003 0 .1 19932787 0. 137716547
140 0.021722668 0.0.12236 152 0,06215051 0.081472303 0.10020809 0.1 1836443 1 0.13594 7886
142 0.021412795 0.04 1650019 0,06 13046% 0.080383 112 0.09889 155" 0.1 16836308 0.134223662
144 0.021 111 634 0 .041079925 OJ)60-48 157 0079322595 0.097609029 0.1 1534690 1 0,132542237
148 0.020534013 0 .039985292 0 .05889983 I 0.077283 182 O.09SJ-WS97 0. 11247853 0.12930 1633
150 0.020256889 0,039"59556 0.058lJ9556 0.076302222 0 .093952889 0 .111 096889 0 .127739556
152 0.0 19987141 0.03894746 0,057398639 0.075345805 0.09279.J082 0.109748597 0.126214474
154 0.0 19724478 0.03844848 0056676352 0.074413022 0.09 16634 18 0.108431468 0.124725102
156 0.0 19468625 0.03796212 0.055972001 0.073503009 0.090559886 0.107 147373 0.12327021 1
158 00192 1932 1 0.037487907 0 .055284927 0.0726 14945 0.089482526 0 .105892232 0.121848627
160 0 .0 189763 18 0 .037025391 0.05 ~614502 0.07174804 7 0 .088~3O.J2 0 . 1O~6660 16 0 .120459229
162 0.0 187393 8 0 .036574145 0.053960129 0.07090 1568 0.08740269 ~ 0.10346774 1 0 .119100944
164 0.0 18508283 0.036133762 0.053321239 0.07007.J7% 0.086398512 0.10229647 0. 117772749
166 0.018282813 0.03 5703855 0.052697289 0_069267052 0.085417078 0.101 151303 0.116473661
168 0,018062768 0.035284054 0.052087762 0068477689 0.08445763 0, 100031382 0. 11520274
170 0,017847954 0.03~874008 0.051492164 0.067706086 0 .083519438 0.098935884 0.11 3959088
172 0.017638188 0.0344 7338 0 .050910022 0.066951652 0 .082601807 0 .097864025 0.1 12741842
174 0.017433292 0.034081849 0.050340887 0066213821 0.08170.«)7 0.0968 15049 0.111550 175
176 0.0 17233 1 0.033699 11 00" 978·1327 0065492052 0080825588 0.095788235 0.1 10383295
178 0.0 1703745 1 0.03332487 o0..J923993 I 0.06-1785827 0.07996575 0.094782891 0.109240442
180 0 .016846 193 0 .032958848 0.048707305 0.06409465 0.079123971 0.093798354 0.108 120885
182 0 .016659 18 0.032600777 0.048 18607 0.06Hl8046 0 .078299689 0.092833986 0.107023923
184 0.0 16476272 0.032250401 0,047675866 0.062755558 0.077492365 0.091889 178 0 .105948885
186 00 16297334 0.031907474 0,047176347 0.062106751 0.076701483 0.090963341 0.104895121
188 0.0 1612224 0.03 1571762 0.046687 18 0.061 47 1206 0.075926547 0.090055912 0.1038620 12
190 0,015950867 0.031243038 0.046208048 0.06084852 0.07516708 0,089 16635 1 0 .102848958
192 0015783098 0 .030921088 0,045738644 0.060238308 0.074422624 0.088294 135 0.101855384
194 0.01561882 0.0306057O.J 0 .O.J5278676 0 .0596402 0.073692H I 0.087438765 0 .100880737
196 0015457925 0,030296688 0.0"4827862 0.059053838 0_072977007 0.086599759 0.09992448-t
198 0.015 300309 0.029993847 0.0""'385932 0.058478881 0.0722750 15 0.085776652 0.098986 111
200 0 ,015145875 0.02%97 0.0"3952625 0.0579 15 0.07 1586375 0.084%9 0.098065 125

200
Find the probability of two sevens or one coin occurring on a
sevens and 2 coins on each reel.
with column c2 = 2 . We find there the probability
P = 0.065152263 = 6.5152263%.

one of three other specific symbols
The probability of this event is 3( q))2(1- q)) + (q2)3, where q)
and q2 are the basic probabilities of the first symbol occurring on a
reel and of one (any) of the other three symbols occurring on a reel
respectively (q2 is the sum of the basic probabilities of the three
symbols each occurring on a reel). This formula returns the
following table of values, where the values of the basic probabilities
are listed in increments of 0.005, ranging from 0.005 to 0.100 for q)
and from 0.005 to 0.350 for q2' and each table lists seven values of
q2.
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol twice or any

combination of at least one of three other specific symbols occurring on a
payline
Table 1: q2 from 0.005 to 0.035

q2 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
-
q)
0.005 O .OOOO7~ 75 0 .000075625 0.000078 0 .()()()()82625 0.()()()()9025 0.00010 1625 0 .000 1175
0.01 0 .000297 125 0 .000298 0 .0003003 75 0 .000305 0 .0003 12625 0.000324 0.000339875
0.015 0.000665 0 .000665875 0 .00066825 0.000672875 0.0006805 0 .00069 1875 0 .00070775
0.02 0 .001176 125 0.00 11 77 0.00 1179) 75 O .OO ll~ 0.00 11 9 1625 0.00 1203 0 .0012 18875
0.025 0 .00 182825 0 ,00 1829 125 0.00 18315 0.00 1836 125 0.00 184) 75 0 .00 1855125 0 .00 1871
0.03 O.lX)26 19 125 0.00262 0.002622375 0 .002627 0 ,002634625 0 .002<>16 0 .00266 1875
0.03 5 0 .0035' 65 0 .0035' 7375 0 .00354975 0.003554375 0 .003 562 0 .003 573375 0 .00358925
0. 04 0 .00' 608 125 0 .00' 609 00046 11375 0 .00' 6 16 0.00'623625 0 .00' 635 O.()(:»650875
0.045 0 .00580175 0 .005802625 0 .005805 0 .00580%25 0 .0058 1725 0 .005828625 0 .0058445
201
0.05 0007125125 0 .007126 0.007128)75 0 .007 133 0 .007 140625 0 .007152 0.007167875
0.055 0 .008576 0 .008576875 0 .00851925 0.008583875 0 .0085915 0.008602875 0 .00861875
0.06 0.010 152 125 0.010153 0010155375 0.01016 0.0 10 167625 0.010179 0.0 10194875
0.065 0.01185125 0.011852125 0.0118545 0.0 11859 125 0.0 11 86675 0.011878 125 0.01 1894
0.07 0013671125 0 .013672 0013674375 0.013679 0.OiJ686625 0.0 13698 0.013113875
0.075 00156095 0 .0 156 10375 0 ,0156 1275 0.0 1561737.5 0.0 15625 0 .0 156 36375 0 .0 1565225
0.08 0 .01766412.5 0 .017665 0(17667) 75 0 .017672 0 .0 17619625 0.0 17691 0 .017706875
0.085 0 .01983275 0.01983)625 0,019836 0.0 19840625 0 .0 1984825 0.0 198.59625 0.0198755
0.09 0.022113125 0.022114 0022116375 0.022 12 1 0.022 128625 0.022 14 0.022 155875
0.095 0 .024503 0024503875 0.02450625 0.024510875 0.0245 185 0.024529875 0.02454575
0. 1 0 .027000 125 0 .027001 0 .0270033 75 0 .027008 0 .027015625 0.027027 0 .027042875
Table 2: q2 fro m 0. 040 to 0.070

0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
q2
ql
0.005 0 .000138625 0.0001657.5 0000199625 0 .000241 0.000290625 0.00034925 0 .0004 17625
0.0 1 0000)6 1 0 .000388125 O.OOO·U2 0 .00046337.5 0 .0005 13 0 ,000571625 O.QOO6.I
0.015 0 .000728875 0 .000756 0.00078987.5 0.0008) 125 0.000880875 0.0009393 O.lJOlOO7873
0.02 0 .00114 0.00 1267 125 0.00130 1 0.001342375 0.001392 0.00 1450625 0.00 1519
0.025 000 1892125 0.00191925 0.001953125 0 .00 19945 0.0020441 25 0.002 10215 0.002 11 11 25
003 0 .002683 0 .002710 123 0.OO27H 0 .002785375 0.002835 0.002893625 0.002962
0035 0 .003610375 0 .0036 375 0 .00367 1375 0 .0031 1275 0.003162375 0.00382 1 0 .003889375
0.04 OJ)O.4672 OflO.«>99125 0.00"' 733 0 .004774375 0 .()()..t824 0.()().I882625 0 .00"'951
0.045 0.005865625 0.00589275 0005926625 0.005968 0.0060 17625 0.00607625 0.006 144625
0.05 0007189 0.007216125 0.00725 0.00729 1375 0.007341 0 .007399625 0.007468
0.055 0 ,008639815 0 .008667 0.008700875 0.00874225 0.00879 1875 0.0088505 0.0089 18815
0.06 0 .0102 16 0.0101.4 ] 125 0.0 10277 0 .0 103 18375 0.010368 0 .010",,26625 0.010495
0.065 0 .0 11 915 125 O.otl94225 0.011976125 0.0 120 175 0 .012067125 0 .0 1212515 0.0 12 1941 25
0.07 0 .013735 0.013762125 0.0 13796 0.0 13837375 0.013881 0.0139",,5625 0.014014
0.075 0 .0 15673375 0 .0157005 0.015734]75 0.0 1577575 0.015825375 0,015884 0.0 15952]75
0.08 0.017728 0.017755125 0.017789 0.0 17830375 0.01788 0.0 17938625 0.018007
0.085 0 .0 19896625 0 .01992375 0.019957625 0.0 19999 0.020048625 0 .02010725 0.020175625
0.09 0 .022177 0 ,022204125 0.022238 0 .022279375 0.022329 0.022387625 0 ,021.456
0.095 0.024566875 0 .024594 0.024627875 0.02466925 0.024718875 0 .0247775 0.024845875
0.1 0 .02706.4 0 ,027091125 0.027125 0 .027 166375 0 .0272 16 0.027274625 0.027343
202
Table 3: q2 from 0.075 to 0.105
q2 0 .075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105
ql
0.005 0.0004965 0000586625 0 ,00068875 0.000803625 0 ,000932 0.00 1074625 0.00 123225
0.0 1 00007 18875 0.000809 O.c)(109 1 1125 0.001026 0.00 11 54375 0.001297 O.OO I4S.u;25
0015 0.00 108675 0.001176875 0.001279 0.001393875 0 .00152225 0.00166'875 0.0018225
0.02 0.001597875 0.001688 0.00 1790125 0.001905 0.002033375 0.002176 0.002333625
0.025 0.00225 O.00234012S 0.00244225 0.0025m25 0.0026855 0.00282812S 0.00298575
0.03 0003040875 0.00313 1 0.003233125 0 .003348 0.003476375 0.0036 19 0.003776625
0.035 0.00396825 O.()O.$O58375 0.0041605 O.()()4275375 O.()().I-'0375 O.()().IS46375 O.()().t704
0.04 0 .005029875 0.00512 0.005222125 0 .005337 0 .005465375 0.00S608 0 .005765625
0.045 0.0062235 0.006313625 O . ~1575 0.006530625 0,006659 0.006801625 0.00695925
005 0.0075-16875 0.007637 0.00773912S 0.007854 0.007982375 0.008125 0.008282625
0.055 0 .00899775 0.009087875 0.00919 0.009304875 0.00943325 0.009575875 0.0097335
0.06 0 .010573875 0.010664 0.010766125 0.010881 O.DIIOO9375 0.0 11152 0.011309625
0.065 0.012273 0.0 12363125 0.01246525 0.012S8012S 0.0 127085 0.0128S112S 0.01300815
007 0.01-4092875 0.01"'183 0.0 "285 I2S 0 .0144 0.0 14528375 0.014671 0.0 "828625
0075 0.0 1603125 0 .016121 ) 75 0.0162235 0.016338375 0.0 1646675 0.0 16609375 0.016767
0.08 0.018085875 0.018176 0.018278125 0.018393 0.018521375 0.018664 0,01882 1625
0.085 0.0202545 O.020H4625 0 ,02044675 0.020501625 0.02069 0.020832625 0.02099025
0.09 0.022534875 0.022625 0.022727125 0.022842 0 .022970375 0.023 113 0.023270625
0.095 0 .02492475 0 .025014875 0.025117 0.025231875 0.02536025 0.025502875 0.0256605
0. 1 0 .027421875 0.027512 0 .02761 "'1 25 0 .027729 0 .027857375 0028 0.028157625
Table 4: q2 fro m 0.1 10 to 0.140

q2 O.l 10 0.1 IS 0.120 0.125 0.130 0.135 0.140
~
ql
0.005 0.001 "'05625 0 .0015955 0.00 1802625 0 .00202775 0 .002271625 0.002535 0.0028 18625
0.01 0 .001628 0.001817875 0.002025 0.00225012S OJ)()249'" 0.002757375 0.00304 1
0.015 0.001995875 0.00218575 0.002392875 0.002618 0 .00286 1875 0.00312525 0.003408875
0.02 0.002507 0.002696875 0.002904 0.003 129125 0.003373 0.003636375 0.00392
0.025 0.003 159125 0 .0033-'9 0.003556125 0.00378125 0.004025125 0.0042885 0.004572125
0.03 0.00395 0 .Clt:M139875 0 . ~347 0 .00-'572125 0 .004816 0.005079375 0.005363
0.035 0 .004877375 0.00506725 0 .005274375 0.0054995 0.005743375 0.00600675 0.006290375
0.04 0.005939 0.006128875 0.006336 0.00650 1125 0.006805 0.007068375 0.007352
0.045 0.007132625 0.0073225 0.001529625 0 .00775""5 0.007998625 0.008262 0.008545625
203
0.05 O.OO8H6 0.008645875 0'{)08853 0.009078 125 0.009322 0.009585375 0.009869
0.055 0.009906875 0.01009675 0.0 10303875 0.010529 0 .010772875 om 103625 0.0 11 ) 19875
0.06 0011483 0.011672875 om 188 0,012 105 125 0.0 123 49 0.012612375 0.0 12896
0.065 0.0 13182125 0.013372 0.013579 125 0.01380'15 0.014048125 0.0143 11 5 0 .0 1~ 595 1 25
0.07 0.015002 0.015 19 1875 0.015399 0.0156241 25 0.0 15868 0.0 16131375 0.0164 15
0075 0.0169-10)75 0 .01713025 0.0 17337375 0 .0175625 0 ,017806375 0 ,01806975 0.0 18353375
0.08 0 .018995 0,0 1918-1875 0.019392 001%17 125 O.O I 9~1 0.020124375 0.020-108
0.085 0.02 1163625 00213535 0.02 1560625 0.02 178575 0.022029625 0.022293 0 .022576625
0.09 0,0234-1-1 0.023633875 0.02384 1 0.024066125 0.02431 0.024573375 0.024857
0.095 0.025833875 0.02602375 0.026230875 0.026456 0.026699875 0.02696325 0.027246875
0. 1 0.028331 0.028520875 0.028728 0.028953 125 0.029 197 0.029~60375 0.029744
Table 5: q2 from 0.145 to 0.175

q2 0.145 0.150 0.155 0.160 0.165 0.170 0.175
~
ql
0.005 0.003 12325 0.003-149625 0.0037985 O.OO~ 170625 0.~56675 0 .~987625 0.005434
0.0 1 0.00)3";625 0 .003672 O.()()4020875 O.(J().I)93 0,004789 125 0.00521 0.005656375
0.015 0.0037135 0.Q0.4039875 0.Q0.438875 0.004760875 0.005 157 0.005577875 0.00602-125
0.D2 0.004224625 0.~551 0 . ~899875 0.005272 0.005668 125 0.006089 0.006535375
0.D25 0.~87675 0.005203 I 25 0.005552 0.00592<125 0.00632025 0.00674 I 125 0.0071875
0.03 0.005667625 0 . 00599~ 0,006342875 0.0067 15 0.007 1 I I 125 0.007532 0.007978375
0035 0.006595 0.006921375 0.00727025 0,0076-'2375 0.0080385 0.008459375 0.00890575
0.04 0007656625 0.007983 0.008331875 0.00&704 0.009 100 125 0.00952 1 0.009967375
0.045 0.00885025 0.009176625 0.0095255 0.00'.1897625 0.0 1029375 0.0107 14625 0.0 111 61
0.05 0.010173625 0.0 105 0.010848875 0.0 11 22 1 0.0 11 617 125 0.012038 0.0 12-184375
0.055 0.01162-15 0.0 11 950875 0.0 1229975 0.0 1267 1875 0.013068 0.013488875 0.0 1393525
0.06 0.013200625 0.013527 0.01]875875 0.0 14248 0.0 146-14 125 0.015065 0.0 155 11 375
0.065 0.01489975 0,0 15226125 0.015575 0.0 15947 125 0.0 163-1325 0.016764 125 0.0172 105
0.07 0.016719625 0.017046 0.017394875 0.017767 0.0 18163125 0.0 18584 0.0 19030375
0.075 0.0 18658 0.018984375 0.0193]]25 0.0 19705375 0.02010 15 0.020522375 0.02096875
0.08 0.020712625 0.021039 0.021387875 0.02 116 0.022156 125 0.022577 0.023023375
0.085 0.02288125 0.023207625 0.0235565 0.023928625 0.02432475 0.024745625 0.025 192
0.09 0.025161625 0,015488 0.025836875 0.026209 0.026605 125 0.027026 0.027472375
0.095 0.0275515 0.027877875 0.02822675 0.028598875 0.028995 0.029415875 0.02986225
0.1 0,030048625 0.030375 0.030723875 0.031096 0.03 1-192 125 0.03 1913 0.0]2359375
204
Table 6: q2 fromO.1SOtoO.2 10
---
q2
ql
0.005
O.ISO
0.005906625
0.IS5
0.00640625
0. 190
0.006933625
0.195
0.0074895
0.200
0.008074625
0.205
0 ,00868915
0.210
0 .009335625
0.01 0 .006129 0006628625 0 .007156 0.0077 11875 0.008297 0.0089 12 125 0.009558
0.015 0.006496875 00069965 0.007523875 0.00807975 0.008664875 0 .00928 0009925875
0.D2 0.007008 0.007507625 0.008035 0.008590875 0.009 176 0.00979 11 25 0.01Q.l37
0.025 0.007660125 0.008 15975 0.008687 125 0 . OO92 ~ 3 0.009828 125 0.01044325 0.0 11089125
0.03 0 .008451 0.008950625 OJ)()9478 0.010033875 0.010619 00 11234125 0.01188
0.D35 O.OOJ178375 0.009878 0 .010405375 0.01096125 0,0\1546375 0.0 12 16 15 0.012807375
0.04 O.OIO·U 0 .0 10939625 0 .0 11467 0.0 12022875 0.0 12608 0.0 1322) 125 0.013869
0.045 0.011633625 0 .01213325 0.012660625 00131165 0.0 13801625 O . Ol ~1 675 0.015062625
0.05 0.0 12957 0 .0 13456625 0 .0 1 398~ 0.014539875 0.0 15125 0.0 15740125 0.0 16386
0.055 0.0 1,,",07875 0.01-19075 0,01543-1875 0.01599075 0.0 16575875 0.01 7 19 1 0.0 17836875
0.06 0.015984 0.016-183625 0.017011 0.017566875 0.018152 0,0 18767125 0.019-113
0.065 0.017683125 0.01818275 0.018710125 0.0 19266 0.019851125 O.020-U!625 0.021112125
0.07 0.0 19503 0.020002625 0.02053 0.021085875 0.02 167 1 0.022286125 0.022932
0.G75 0.0214-'1375 0 .021941 0.022468375 0 . 02302~2 5 0 .023609375 0.OH22~ 5 0 .024870375
0.08 0.023496 0.023995625 0 .02-'523 0 .025078875 0.Q2566~ 0 .026279 125 0.026925
0.085 0.02566-1625 0.026 1iH25 0.02669 1625 0.0272475 0.027832625 0.02844 775 0.029093625
0.09 0.0279'5 0 .0284-'''625 0.028972 0.029527875 0.030 113 0.030728125 0.031374
0.095 0 .030JH875 003083-'5 0.031 36 1875 0 .0 3 191775 0032502875 0 .033118 0 .033763875
0. 1 0 .012832 0.03333 1625 0.033859 0 .0344 1-'875 O.oJ5 0.0356 15 125 0.036261
Table 7: q2 from 0.215 to 0.245
q2 0.2 15 0.220 0.225 0.230 0.235 0.240 0.245

~
ql
0.005 0 .0 10013 0.010722625 0.DI 1-«i525 0 .0 12H1 625 0 .0130525 0.013898625 0 .0 1478075
0.01 0.0 10235375 0 .0 10945 0.0 11687625 0.012464 0 .0 13274875 0 .0 14121 0 .0 15003 125
0.015 0.01060325 0 .011312875 0 .0120555 0.01283 1875 0.0 1364275 0 . 01~ ~88875 0.0 1537 1
0.02 0 .0 11114375 0.QI18H 0 .0 12 566625 0 .013343 001 -'153875 0.015 0 .015882125
0. 025 0 .0 117665 0.0 12476125 0 .0132 1875 0.013995125 0 .0 14806 0.0 15652 125 0.0 1653425
0.03 0 .0 12557375 0.013267 0 .0 14009625 0 .0 14786 0.0 15596875 0.0 IM-'3 0 .017325125
0.035 0 .01348475 0 .01-'19H75 0 .014937 0 .015713375 0 .01652425 0017370375 0.0182525
0.04 0 .0 14546375 0015256 0.015998625 0.0 16775 0 .0 17585875 0 . 018 ~ 32 0.0 193 141 25
0.045 0 .01574 0 .0 16·1-'9625 0 .01719225 0 .0 17%8625 0 .0 187795 0 .0 1%25625 0.02050775
205
0.05 0.017063375 0 .017773 0.018515625 0.019292 0.020 102875 O.OZ09-t9 0.02183 1125
0.055 001851-'25 0 .0 19223875 0.0199665 0.020742875 0 .02155375 0 .022399875 0.023282
0.06 0 .020090375 0.0208 0 .0215. 2625 0.022) [9 0.023 129875 0.023976 0.014858 125
0.065 00217895 O.O22-l99 125 0 .02324175 0.0240 181 25 0 .024829 0 .025675125 0 .02655725
0.D7 0 .02 3609375 0 .0143 19 0 .025061625 0.025838 0.026648875 0.027495 0.028377125
0.D75 0 .0255"773 0 026257375 0 .027 0.027776375 0 ,02858725 0.029.03375 0.0303155
0.08 0.027602)75 0 .0283 12 0.02905"625 0 .02983 1 0 .030641875 0 .0 3 1488 0 .032370125
0.085 0.029771 0 .030"80625 0 .03 122325 0.031999625 0 .0328105 0 .033656625 0 .03' 53875
0.09 0.032051375 0.0 3276 1 0 .033503625 0.03. 28 0 .035090875 0 .035937 0 .0368 19 125
0.095 O.03 H41 15 0,035150875 0.0358935 0.036669875 0.03748075 0 .038326875 0.039209
0.1 0.0 36938375 O.0376-U! 0038390625 0 .039 167 0.039977875 0.0-'0824 0 .041706 125
Table 8: q2 fro m 0.250 to 0. 280

q2 0.250 0.255 0.260 0.265 0.270 0.275 0.280
q[
0.005 0 ,0 15699625 0 .0 16656 0.017650625 0.01 86SUS 0.019757625 0.02087 15 0 .022026625
0.0 1 0.015922 0 .016878375 0 .017873 0.0 18906625 0.0 1998 0 .021093875 0 .022249
0.015 0 .0 16289875 0.0172-1625 00 18140875 0 .0 192745 0.020347&75 0.021 46175 0 .0226 16875
0.02 0 .016801 0 .0 17757375 0 .0 18752 0.0 19785625 0 .020859 0 .021972815 0.023128
0.025 0 .0 17453 125 0 .0184095 0 .0194041 25 0.02043775 0 .02 15 11 125 0 .022625 0 .023180 125
0.03 0018244 0 .0 19200375 0 .020 195 0.021228625 0.022302 0 .023415875 0.02457 1
0.035 0 .01917 1375 0 .020 12775 0.02 11 22375 0 .022 156 0 .023229375 0.02434325 0.025-198375
0.04 0 .020233 0 .021 189375 O.022I!W 0 .02 3217625 0.02429 1 0 .02540-1875 0.02656
0.045 0.Q2 1426625 0022 383 0.023377625 0.0144 11 25 0 .02548-l625 0 .0265985 0.027753625
0.05 0 .02275 0 .023706375 0 .024701 0.025734625 0 .026808 0 .02792 1875 0 .029077
0.055 0 .02-1200875 0 .02515725 0 .026 15 1875 0 .027 1855 0.028258875 0.02937275 0 .030527875
0.06 0 .025777 0 .026733375 0.027128 0 .02876 1625 0 .029835 0 .0309.8875 0.032104
0.065 0 .027-176 125 0.0284325 0 .029427 125 0.03046075 0.03 15341 25 0.032648 0 .033803 125
0.07 0 .029296 0.030252375 0.03 1247 0.032280625 0 .033354 0.034467875 0 .035623
0.075 0.03123-1-375 0.03219075 0.033 185375 0.014219 0 .035292375 0.03640625 0.03756 1375
0.08 0.033289 0.0342-t5375 0 .03524 0 .036273625 0.0373 47 0.038460875 0.03%16
0.085 0 .035457625 0.0 36414 0 .037408625 0.03844225 0 .039515625 0.0406295 0.041784625
0.09 0.037738 0.038694375 0.039689 0 .040722625 0.0. 1796 0.042909815 0.044065
0.095 0.040 127875 0 .04108425 0.042078875 0.0431 125 0.044 185875 0 .04529975 0 .046454875
0.1 0 .042625 0 .04 3581375 0.044576 0 .04560%25 0.046683 0 .047796875 0.048952
206
Table 9: q2 from 0.285 to 0.315
0.285 0.290 0.295 0.300 0.305 0.3 10 0.31 5
q2
ql
0.005 0.02322375 0024463625 0 .025747 0.02707' 625 0 ,02844725 0.029865625 0.031ll05
0.0 1 0.023446 125 0.024686 0 .025969375 0 .027297 0.028669625 0.030088 0.03 1552815
0.0 15 0.0238 1.. 0.025053875 0 .02633725 0 .027664875 0.0290375 0 .030-'55875 0.03 192075
0.02 0 .024325125 0.025565 0 .026848375 0.028 176 0.029548625 0.030%7 0032-1 31875
0.025 0.02497725 0026217125 00275005 0.028828125 0.03020075 0.031619 125 0.033084
0.03 0.025768 125 0.027008 0.028291375 0.02%19 0.030991625 0.03241 0 .03387' 875
0.035 0.0266955 0027935375 0 .02921875 0 .030546375 0.03 1919 0.033337375 0.03'80225
0.04 0.027757125 0.028997 0 .030280375 0.031608 0.032980625 0.03-1 399 0.035863875
0.045 0 .02895075 0 .030 190625 0.031 ...74 0.03280 1625 0.0)417"'25 0.035592625 0 ,0370575
0.05 0.030274125 0.03 15 14 0.032797375 0.OHl25 0 .035497625 0.036916 0.038380875
0.055 0.031725 0.03296-1875 0.OH24825 0 .035575875 0.0369485 0.038366875 0.03983 175
0.06 0.03330 1125 0.034541 0 .035824375 0.037152 0.038524625 0.039943 0.041407875
0.065 0.03500025 O.OJ6HO I25 0.03752]5 0.038851 125 0.04022375 0.041 642125 OJ}43107
0.07 0036820125 0.03806 0 .039343375 0 .040671 0 . 0~20~3625 00",H62 0 .0-1-'926875
0.075 0.0387585 0.039998375 0.0-1 J281 75 0 .042609375 0 .043982 0 . 0-' 5 ~ OO375 0.04686525
0.08 0.0408 13125 0.042053 0.043336375 0.0" 664 0.0-'6036625 0 .0-'74 55 0.048919875
0.085 0.04298175 0.044221625 0 .0", 5505 00' 6832625 0.04820525 0.04%23625 0.05\0885
0.09 0 .0", 5262 125 0046502 0 .047785375 0.0491\3 0.050485625 0.05 19().4 0.053368875
0.095 0.().I7652 00"'8891875 0 .050 17525 005 1502875 0 .0528755 0 .054293875 005575875
0. 1 0 .050 149125 0.051389 0.052672375 0.054 0.055372625 0 .05679 1 0058255875
Table 10: q2 from 0.320 to 0.350
q2 0.320 0.3 25 0.330 0. 335 0.340 0.345 0.350
ql
0.005 0.032842625 0.03' -10275 0 .0360 11 625 0.03767 0.039378625 0.04113825 0.0429'%25
0.0 1 0.033065 0.034625125 0.03623-' 0 .037892375 0.03960 1 0 .0-'1360625 0.0-13172
0.0 15 0 .033432875 0 .03~993 0 .03660 1875 0 .03826025 0.039968875 0.0·tl7285 0.043539875
0.02 0 .0339"-' 0 .03550-' 125 0 .037 11 3 0 .03877 1375 0.04048 0.042239625 0.044051
0.025 0.034596 125 0 .0361.5625 0 .037765 125 0 .0394235 0.041 132 125 0.04289175 0 . 0-I~703125
0.03 0.035387 0.0369", 7 125 0.038556 0.04021 4375 0.0'1 923 0.043682625 0.045-19~
0.035 0.036314375 0 . 03787~ 5 0.039483375 0.04114175 0.042850375 0 .04-'61 0.0"'6-'21375
0.04 0 .037376 0 .038936 125 0 .0-10545 0 .0",2203375 0.0439 12 0.04567 1625 0. 0-I7~ 83
0.045 0.038569625 0 .()..I012975 0.0-1 1738U25 0 .043397 0 .045105625 0 .04686525 0.048676625
207
0.05 0.039893 O.0414:BI25 0.043062 004-'720375 0.0.16429 0.048188625 0.05
0.055 O'<).lI3.l3875 0 .0429Q.l 0.044512875 0.04617125 0.0.17879875 0.04%395 0 .051450875
0.06 0 .04292 O.O.... ·u~O 125 0.046089 0 .047747)75 0.049456 0.05 1215625 0.053027
0.065 0 ,044619125 O.O..J6 179H 0.047788 125 0 .0494465 0, 0511 55 125 0 .0529 14 75 0 .054726 125
0.07 O.O.u>439 00-1791)9 125 0.049608 0 .05 1266375 0 .052975 0.054734625 0 .056546
oms 0043377375 0.0-199175 0 .051546375 005320475 0.0549 13375 0.056673 0.058484375
0.08 0 .050432 0.05 1992125 0.053601 0 .055259375 0.056968 0 .058727625 0.060539
0.085 0 .052600625 0.05416075 0 .055769625 0.057428 0,059 136625 0.06089625 0.062707625
0.09 0 .054881 0 .056441 125 0.05805 0 .059708375 O.()(J I4 17 0.063 176625 0.064988
0.095 0057270875 0 .05883 1 O.{)()().439875 0 .06209825 0.063806875 0.0655665 0 .067377875
0. 1 0 ,059768 0 .061328125 0.062937 006-4595375 0 .066304 0.068063625 0 .069875
Example of using the tables :

Find the probability of two cherries or three bar-type symbols
occurring on a payline of a 3-reel slot machine with 42 stops on each
reel, having 3 cherries, 3 single bar, 2 double bar, and 1 triple bar on
each reel.
We first calculate the basic probabilities. Let ql be the
probability of a cherry occurring on a reel and q2 the probability of
a bar-type symbol occurring on a reel. We have q, = ~ = 0.071428

42
3 +2+1 .
and q? = = 0.14285. Now conSIder Table 4 and Table 5,
- 42
rows ql = 0.070 and ql = 0.075 (the values bounding 0.071428),
and columns q2 = 0.140 and q2 = 0.145 (the values the values
bounding 0.14285).
The intersections of these rows and columns give us an
approximation interval for the sought probability, namely 0.016415
- 0.018658. We can take 0.0175 (1.75%) for the sought probability
as an accurate enough estimation.
The tables of this section provide us with approximated
probabilities, not exact ones (except the case when both basic
probabilities match two incremental values listed on the tables). For
obtaining exact results, we must directly apply the explicit
probability formula from the beginning of this section that returned
the tables (do it as exercise and compare the results).
208
2. Case B - different numbers of stops and symbol
distributions on the reels
2.1 Event E, - A specific symbol three times

The probability of E, is P(EI ) = q~q~ q~ , where ql' , q~, q~ are the
basic probabilities of that symbol occurring on the reels
respecti vel y.
Example:
Find the probability of three melons occurring on a payline of a
3-reel slot machine having 50, 50, and 60 stops on reels 1, 2 and 3
respectively and 2, 3, and 3 melons on these reels respectively.
We have q: = 2 / 50, q~ = 3 / 50, q~ = 3 / 60. The sought
probability is their product: 2·3 · 3 = 0.00012 = 0.012% .

50 · 50·60
A particular (although rare) case is when two of the three reels

have the same number of stops and the same distribution of
symbols. In that case, the probability of E] is P(EI ) f
= (q~ q~ ,
where q~ is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on one of
the two similar reels and q~ is the basic probability of that symbol
occurring on the third reel. This formula also holds if only the
watched symbol has the same basic probability of occurrence on
each of two reels (a particular case of that condition is when two
reels have the same number of stops and the same distribution of
that symbol on them). This particular formula returns the following
table of values, where the values of the basic probabilities are listed
in increments of 0.005, ranging from 0.005 to 0.100, and each table
lists seven values of q~ .
209
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring three
times on a payline
Table 1: q,2 from 0.005 to 0.035
q~ 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035

,
ql
0.005 0.000000 125 0 .00000025 0 .000000375 O.()()()()(X)S 0 .000000625 0 .00000075 0 .000000875
0.0 1 0.0000005 0000001 0.0000015 0.000002 0.0000025 0.000003 0.0000035
0.0 15 0.000001125 0.00000225 0.000003375 O.()()()(IO.lS 0.000005625 0.00000675 0.000007875
0.02 0.000002 0.00000", 0.000006 0000008 0.0000 1 0.000012 0.000014
0.025 0 .000003 125 0.00000625 0 .000009375 0 .0000125 0.000015625 OJ)OOO I 875 0.00002 1875
0.03 O.()()()()()..lS 0 .000009 0,0000135 0 .000018 0 .0000225 0.000027 0 .00003 15
0.035 0.000006125 0.00001225 0.0000 18375 0.00002-'5 0.000030625 0 .00003675 0.0000-'2875
0.04 0.000008 0.000016 0.000024 0.000032 0.00004 0.000048 0.000056
0.045 0.000010 125 0.00002025 0.000030375 0.0000405 0.000050625 0.00006075 0.000070875
0.05 0.0000125 0.000025 0.0000375 0.00005 0.0000625 0.000075 0.0000875
0.055 0 .000015 125 0.00003025 0.0000-45375 0 ,0000605 0000075625 0 .00009075 0.000 105875
0.06 0 .000018 0.000036 0 .00005-' 0 .000072 0.00009 0.000108 0 .000126
0.065 0.000021125 0.00004225 0.000063375 0.0000845 0.000105625 0.00012675 0.0001-'7875
0.07 0.0000245 0.000049 0.0000735 0.000098 0.0001225 0.000 147 0.000 1715
0075 0.000028 125 0.00005625 0 .000084375 0.000 1125 0.0001 40625 0.00016875 0.000196875
0.08 0.000032 0 .000064 0 .000096 0 .000 128 0.00016 0.000192 0.00022-'
0.085 0.000036125 0.00007225 0 .000 108375 0 .000 1445 0.000180625 0 .0002 1675 0.000252875
0.09 0.0000405 0.00008 1 0.00012 15 0.000 162 0.0002025 0.000243 0.0002835
0.095 0.000045125 0.00009025 0.000135375 0.000 1805 0.000225625 0.00027075 0.0003 15875
0.1 0.00005 0.000 1 0.00015 0.()()()2 0.00025 0.0003 0.00035
Table 2: q~ from 0.040 to 0.070
ql-
? 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
r---
qll
0.005 0 .000001 0.00000 1125 0.00000125 0.00000 1375 0.00000 15 0.00000 1625 0.00000175
0.0 1 0.000004 O.(}()()()().JS 0.000005 0.0000055 O.tXlOOO6 0.0000065 0.000007
0.0 15 0.000009 0.000010125 00000 11 25 0.000012375 0.0000135 0.000014625 0.00001575
0.02 0.0000 16 0.0000 18 0.00002 0.000022 0.000024 0.000026 0.000028
0025 0.000025 0.000028125 0.00003 125 0.000034375 0.0000375 0.000040625 0.00004375
003 0000036 0.0000405 0.()(X)()45 0.0000495 0.00005-' 0.0000585 0.000063
0.035 0.()()()(M9 0.000055125 0.00006125 0.000067375 0.0000735 0.000079625 0.00008575
210
0.04 o 000<l<H 0000072 0.00008 0.000088 0.0000% 0.00010'" 0000112
0.045 0.00008 1 0.000091 125 0.00010 125 0.000 11 1375 0.00012 15 0.000131625 0.000 14 175
0.05 00001 0,0001125 0000125 0 .0001375 0.00015 0.000 1625 0.000 175
0.055 0.000121 0.000136 125 0.00015125 0.000166375 0 .000 181 5 0.000 196625 000021175
0.06 0.000 14'" 0.000 162 0.000 18 0.000198 0.000216 0.00023. 0.000252
0.065 0.000 169 0.000 190 125 0.00021125 0 .00023 2375 0.0002535 0.00027.$625 OJ>OO29575
0.07 0.0001% 0.0002205 O.OOOH5 0 ,0002695 0000294 00003185 0.000343
0.075 0 .000225 0.000253 125 0.00028125 0.000)09375 0.0003375 0.000365625 0.00039375
0.08 0.000256 0.000288 0.00032 0.000)52 0.000384 0.000416 0.000448
0.085 0.000289 0.000325125 000036125 0.000397375 0 0004335 0.000469625 0.00050575
0. 09 0.000324 O.OOO)<HS O()(l()405 o OOO+l55 0.000""86 0.0005265 0.000567
0.095 0.000361 O.{)()()4061 25 O.cJOOH I2 5 0 .0004%375 0.0005"'1.5 0.000586625 0.00063175
0.1 00004 0.000",5 00005 0 ,00055 00006 0.00065 0.0007
2
Table 3: ql from 0.075 to 0.105
q~ 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105

I
ql
0.005 0.00000 1875 0.000002 0.000002 125 0.00000225 0.0000023 75 0.0000025 0.000002625
0.01 0.0000075 0.000008 0.0000085 0.000009 0 .0000095 000001 0.0000105
0.0 15 0.0000 16875 0.0000 18 0.0000 19125 0,00002025 0,00002 1375 0.0000225 0.000023625
0.02 0.00003 0.000032 0.00003'- 0.0000) 6 0.000038 0.0000"" o.oooo·n
0.025 0000046875 0.00005 0.000053125 0.0000562 5 0.000059375 0.0000625 0.000065625
0.03 0.0000675 0.000072 0.0000765 0.00008 1 0.0000855 0.00009 0.0000945
0035 0.000091 875 0.000098 0.000 104125 0.000 11025 0.000 11 6375 0.0001225 0.000128625
0.04 0.00012 0.000128 0.0001 ) 6 0.000 144 0.000152 0.000 16 0.000 168
0.045 0.000 151 875 0 .000162 0.000 172125 0.00018225 0.000192375 0 .0002025 0.0002 I 2625
0.05 0 .000 1875 0.0002 0.0002125 0.000225 0 .0002375 0.00025 0.0002625
0.055 0000226875 0.000242 0.000257125 0.00027225 0.000287375 0.0003025 0.000317625
0.06 0.00027 0.000288 0.000306 0.000324 0.0003.2 0.00036 OJ)()()378
0.065 0 .000316875 o.ooom 0.000359 125 0.00038025 0.000401375 0.0004225 0 .000443625
0.07 0.0003675 0.000392 0.00041 65 0.000441 0.0004655 0.()()(u9 0.0005145
0.075 0 .OC':)·H I875 0.00045 0.ClOO478 125 0.00050625 0.000534375 0.0005625 0.000590625
0.08 0.00048 0.0005 12 0.000544 0.000576 0.000608 0.0<1064 0.000672
0.085 0.0005H 875 0.000578 0.0006 141 25 0.00065025 0.000686375 0.0007225 0.000758625
0.09 00006075 0.000648 0.0006885 0 .000729 0.0007695 0 .00081 0.0008505
0.095 0.000676875 0.000722 0.000767125 0.00081225 0.000857375 OJ)OO9025 OJKlO94 7625
0.1 0.00075 0.0008 0.00085 0.0009 0.00095 0 .00 1 0.00105
211
Find the probability of three lemons occurring on a pay line of a
3-reel slot machine having 90, 90, and 98 stops on eels 1, 2 and 3
respectively and 3, 3, and 2 lemons on these reels respectively.
We have here the particular case of the same number of stops and
the same distribution of the lemon symbol on two reels.
q; = 3 / 90 = 0.03333 and q,2 = 4 / 98 = 0.04081.
We consider Table 2 and look at the intersection of column
q~ = 0.040 with rows q,' = 0.030 and q,' = 0.035. We find the
probabilities 0.000036 and 0.000049 that bound the sought
probability. We can take for instance 0.000040 = 0.004% as an
approximation. For the exact result, apply directly the explicit
probability formula that returned the tables.

p
The probability of E2 is P(E2 ) = Lq;q;q;3, where p is the
;=,
number of distinct symbols of the machine and q( are the basic
probabilities of occurrence of these symbols on the reels (q( is the
probability of symbol no. i occurring on reel no. j). For applying this
formula, we must compute the probability of event E, for each of
the p symbols and add them up. This can be done by using p times
the results of the previous section 2.1.
Example:
Find the probability of a triple occurring on the payline of a
3-reel slot machine having 10 distinct symbols, 20, 20, and 22 stops
on reels 1, 2, and 3 respectively, and the following distributions of
the symbols on these reels respectively: 1, 1, 2 for symbol no. 1; 1,
1,2 for symbol no. 2; 1, 1,2 for symbol no. 3; 2, 2, 2 for symbol no.
4; 2, 2, 2 for symbol no. 5; 2, 2, 2 for symbol no. 6; 2, 2, 2 for
symbol no. 7; 3, 3, 3 for symbol no. 8; 3, 3, 3 for symbol no. 9; 3, 3,
2 for symbol no. 10.
We have 4 groups of symbols having the same distribution on the
reels, namely: 1, 1,2 (3 symbols); 2, 2, 2 (4 symbols); 3, 3, 3
(2 symbols); 3, 3, 2 (1 symbol).
212
For the first group, the basic probabilities are 1120, 1120,2/22 and
the probability of a specific symbol of the group occurring three
times is their product (according to section 2.1), namely 2/8800.
For the second group, the basic probabilities are 2/20, 2/20, 2/22
and the probability of a specific symbol of the group occurring three
times is 8/8800.
For the third group, the basic probabilities are 3/20, 3120, 3/22
and the probability of a specific symbol of the group occurring three
times is 27/8800.
For the fourth group (one symbol), the basic probabilities are
3120,3 /20, 2/22 and the probability of that symbol occurring three
times is 18/8800.
The probability of a triple is the sum of the probabilities of all
symbols occurring three times (one at a time), that is:
3 . _2_ + 4 . _8_ + 2· ~ + 1· ~ = 0.0125 = 1.25%.
8800 8800 8800 8800
2.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly twice

The probability of E3 is
peE)
3 =qlq, 1 3(1 -q,2) +q,ql
1 2(1 -ql3) +q,q, 23 (1 -ql' h
I) were 1 23
q"ql ,ql
are the basic probabilities of that symbol occurring on the reels
respecti vely.
Example:
Find the probability of two cherries occurring on a payline of a
3-reel slot machine having 90, 90, and 100 stops on reels 1, 2, and 3
respectively and 3, 2, and 1 cherries on these reels respectively.
We have q; = 3 / 90, q~ = 2 / 90, q~ = 1 / 100 . The sought
probability is:
:0 . :0 (1- 1~o ) + :0 . 1~o (1- :0) + :0 . 1~o (1- :0) =

= 3·2·99+3·1 ·88+2·1 · 87 =0.001274=0.l274%.
90·90 ·100
213
In the particular case when two of the three reels have the same
number of stops and the same distribution of symbols, the
f
probability of E3 is P(E3) = (q11 (1- qn + 2q~q~ (1- q:) , where q11
is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on one of the two
similar reels and q~ is the basic probability of that symbol occurring
on the third reel.
This particular formula returns the following table of values,
where the values of the basic probabilities are listed in increments of
0.005, ranging from 0.005 to 0.100, and each table lists seven values
of q~ .
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring twice

on a payline
2
Table 1: q] from 0.005 to 0.035
- q~
ql
1
0.005
0.005
0000074625
0.010
0 .00011425
0.015
0 .000173875
0.020
0 .0002235
0.025
OJ)OO273 125
0.030
0 .00032275
0.035
0 .000372375
0.0 1 0 .0001985 0 .000297 0 .0003955 0 .00049. 0.0005925 0 .00069 1 0 .0007895
0.0 15 0 .00037 1625 0 .00051825 0 .000664875 0 .0008 115 0 .000958 125 0 .00110475 0 .00 1251375
0.02 0 .00059-' 0 .000788 O.()()O')82 0 .00 11 76 o.ooD? 0.00 1564 0 .00 1758
0.Q25 0000865625 0.00110625 0.001346875 00015875 0.00 1828 125 0.00206875 0.002309)75
0.Q3 0.00 11865 000 ' 473 o.O() I 7595 0 .002046 00023325 0.0026 19 0 .0029055
0.Q35 000 1556625 000188825 0 .0022 19875 0 .00255 15 0 .(102883 125 0 .00321 475 0 .003546375
0.04 0 .00 1976 0.002352 0 .002728 0,00310.. 0 .00348 0.003856 0.004232
0.045 0.002444625 0 .00286.. 25 0.003283875 0,0037035 O.()O.H 23 125 Q,()()454275 O.()().J962375
0. 05 0.0029625 0.00) 425 0 .0038875 0.00.0 5 0.0048125 0.005275 0 .0057375
0.055 0 .00352%25 0.004034 25 O.()()4S38875 0.005()435 0 ,005548 125 0.00605275 0.006557375
0.06 0 .004146 0 .004692 0.005238 0 .005784 0 .00633 0 .006876 0.007.. 22
0.065 O.004gI 1625 0.00539825 0 .005984875 0.0065 715 0.007 158 125 0.00774475 0.00833 1375
0.07 0 .0055265 0 .006 153 0.0067795 0 ,007.. 06 0.0080325 0.008659 0 .0092855
0075 0 .006290625 0.00695625 0.00762 1875 0 .0082875 0.008953 125 0 .0096 1875 0.OJ028~ 375
0.08 O . 007JO~ 0 .001808 0.0085 12 0 .0092 16 0 .00992 0.010624 0.0 11328
0.085 0 .007%6625 0 .00870825 0 . OO9~ ~ 98 75 0 .0 10 19 15 0.0 10933 125 0.QI167475 0 .0 124 16375
0.09 0 .0088785 0 .00%57 0.0104]55 0 .0 11 2 14 0.0 119925 0.0 12771 0 .0135495
0.095 0 .009839625 0 .01065425 0 .0 1J~ 68875 0 .0 122835 0.013098 125 0 .0139 1275 0 .0 1.$ 727375
0. 1 0 .01085 0 .0117 0.01255 0.0134 O . 0 1 ~ 25 0 .0 15 1 0 .0 1595
214
Table 2: q~ from 0.040 to 0. 070
0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
q~
q:
0.005 O.OOO·H2 0.000471625 0.00052125 0.000570875 0,0006205 0000670125 OJ)()()71975
0.0 1 0.000888 OJXI09865 0.001085 0.00 11835 0.001282 0.0013805 0.00 1479
0.015 0.001398 0 .001544625 0.00169125 0.001837875 0.00198-15 0002131125 0.0022777.5
0.02 0.00 1952 0 . 002 1~6 0.00234 0.002534 0.002728 0.002922 0.003116
0. 025 0.00255 0.002790625 0.00303125 0.00327 1875 0.0035 125 0.003753 125 0.00399375
0.03 0.003192 O .OO3~185 0.00376.5 O .~O515 0.~338 0.00-'6245 0.1)0491 1
0.035 0.003878 O.()(}.I209625 0.00454125 O . ~872875 0 .0052045 0005536125 0 ,00586775
0.04 0.1JO.I608 0.004984 0.00536 0.005736 0.006 112 0.006488 0.006864
0.045 0.005382 0.005801625 0.00622125 0 . ~875 0.0070605 0.007480125 0.00789975
0.05 0.0062 0.0066625 0.007125 0.0075875 0.00805 0.0085125 0.008975
0.055 0.007062 0.007566625 0.008071 25 0.008575875 0.0090805 0.009585125 0 .01008915
0.06 0.007968 0.008514 0.00906 0.00%06 0.010 152 0.010698 0.01 12-44
0.065 0.008918 0.0095<>1625 001009125 0.01067787.5 0 .0112645 O.OIl8'slllS O,OIH3775
0.07 0.0099 12 0.0105385 0.0 11 165 0.0 1) 79 15 0.0 1241 8 0.0 13044 5 0.013671
0.075 0.01095 0.011615625 0.0 1228125 0,012946875 0,0 1)612.5 0.014278125 0.0 1494375
0.08 0.012032 0012736 0,013"''' O.ot41~ 0 .014848 0.015552 0.016256
0.085 0.0 13158 0 .0 13899625 Q.Ol.ui4 IH 0 .0 15382875 O,O l6 1HS 0.016866125 0.0 1760775
0.09 0.0"328 0 .0151065 0.015885 0.0166635 0.0 17442 0.0 182205 0.018999
0.095 0.015542 0 .016356625 001717125 0017985875 0.0188005 0019615125 0.02042975
0. 1 0 .0 168 0.01765 0.0 185 0.01935 0.0202 0.02105 0 .0219
2
0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.l00 0.105
q~
qi
0.005 0.000769375 0 .000819 0 .000868625 0.00091825 0.000967875 0.00 10175 0 .001067125
0. 01 0.(}()15775 0 .00 1676 0.0017m 0 .00 1873 0.0019715 0.00207 0.0021685
0.D15 0.0024H 375 0.00257 1 0.0027 17625 0 .00286425 0 .003010875 0.003 1575 0.003304125
0.02 000331 0 .003504 0.003698 0.003892 0.~86 0.00428 0.004474
om5 O.OO·42H375 0 .()O.U75 O.()().H I 5625 0 .~95625 0 .005196875 0 .0054375 0.005678125
0.03 0 .005 1975 0.005484 0.0057705 0.006057 0.0063435 0.00663 0.0069165
0.035 0.006199375 0.006531 0.006862625 0.00719425 0.007525875 0.0078575 0.008 189125
0.04 0007H 0007616 0007992 0.008368 0 . 0087 ~~ 0.00912 0 .009~96
0.045 0.0083 19375 0008739 0.009 158625 0.00957825 0.009997875 0.0104 175 0.0 10837 125
2 15
0.05 0,0094375 0 .0099 0.0 103625 0.0 10825 0.01 12875 0.01175 0.0 122 125
0.055 0.010594375 00 11099 0.0 11603625 0.01210825 0.012612875 0.013 1175 0.013622 125
0.06 0.01179 0 .012336 0.0 12882 0.0 13428 0,013974 0.01452 0 .0 15066
0.065 0 .01302<]75 0.013611 0 .014 197625 0 .0 1478425 0.0 15370875 0.0 159575 0.0 165"4 125
0.07 0 .0 14 2975 0 .01 4924 0 .0 155505 0.016 177 0 .0 168035 0 .0 1743 0.0180565
0075 O . O I 5609 3 7~ 0.0 16275 0.0 169"0625 0.0 1760625 0.0 1827 1875 0 .0189375 0 .0 19603 125
0.08 0.01696 Q,OI7(;6.f 0.018368 0.0 19072 0.0 19776 0.02048 0.02 118--'
0.085 0.0 18349375 0 .0 1909\ 0.0 19832625 0.02057425 0,021315875 0.0220575 0022799 125
0.09 00 197775 0.020556 0 .0213345 0.0221 1) 0.02289 15 0,02367 0.0244485
0.095 0 .021244]75 0 .022059 0 .022873625 0 .02368825 0.02-'502875 0.0253175 0 .026132125
0. 1 0.02275 00236 0 .02445 0 .0253 0.02615 0.027 0 .02785

Find the probability of two cherries occurring on a payline of a
3-reel slot machine having 72, 72, and 72 stops on reels 1, 2, and 3
We have here the particular case of the same number of stops and
the same distribution of the cherry symbol on two reels (2 and 3).
ql' = 2 / 72 = 0.02777 and q ~ = 4 / 72 = 0.05555 .
ql2 = 0.055 with rows qll = 0.025 and qll =0.030 . We find the
probabilities 0.003271875 and 0.0040515 that bound the sought
probability. We can take for instance 0.0036 = 0.36% as an
approximation. For the exact result, apply directly the explicit
2.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly twice (double)

p
P(E4) = 'Iq:qi2(1- qn + q:q; (1- q; ) + qi2qi3(1- q:) , where p is the
i=1

probabilities of occurrence of these symbols on the reels. For
applying this formula, we must compute the probability of event E3
for each of the p symbols and add them up. This can be done by
usingp times the results of the previous section 2.3.
216
Example:
In the same hypothesis as of the example from section 2.2, find
the probability of a double occurring on the payline of that machine.
For the first group of symbols, the probability of a specific
symbol of the group occurring twice is (according to section 2.2):
1 1 ( 2) 1 2 ( 1) 1 2 ( 1) 96
20 . 20 1- 22 + 20 . 22 1- 20 + 20 . 22 1- 20 = 8800 .
For the second group, the probability of a specific symbol of the
group occurring twice is:
2 2 ( 2) 2 2 ( 2) 2 2 ( 2) 224
20 . 20 1- 22 + 20 . 22 1- 20 + 20 . 22 1- 20 = 8800 .
For the third group, the probability of a specific symbol of the
group occurring twice is:
3 3 ( 3) 3 3 ( 3) 3 3 ( 3) 477
20 . 20 1- 22 + 20 . 22 1- 20 + 20 . 22 1- 20 = 8800 .
For the fourth group (one symbol), the probability of that symbol
occurring twice is:
3 3 ( 2) 3 2 ( 3) 3 2 ( 3) 384
20 . 20 1- 22 + 20 . 22 1 - 20 + 20 . 22 1- 20 = 8800 .
The probability of a double is given by the sum of the
probabilities of all symbols occurring twice (one at a time), that is:
3.~+4. 224 +2 . 477 +1 . 384 =0.275681=27.5681% .
8800 8800 8800 8800
2.5 Event E5 - A specific symbol exactly once

P( E5) = q~ (1- q]2 ) (1- q{) + q~ (1- q{) (1- q]l ) + q{ (1- q~ ) (1- q~ ) ,
where q; , q~ , q{ are the basic probabilities of that symbol occurring
on each reel respectively.
Example:
Find the probability of one ace occurring on a pay line of a 3-reel
slot machine having 76, 78, and 80 stops on reels 1, 2, and 3
respectively and 2, 1, and 1 aces on these reels respectively.
217
We have qll = 2 / 76, q l2 = 1 / 78, q~ = 1 / 80. The sought
probability is:
~(1 __1 )(1 __1 ) +_1 (1_~)(1 __1 )+_1 (1_~)(1 __1 )=
76 78 80 78 76 80 80 76 78
= 2 · 77 · 79+ 1· 74 · 79+ 1· 74 · 77 = 0.049995 =4.9995% .

76·78 ·80
probability of Es is peEs) = ql2 (1- qll f + 2q; (1- q;) (1- q~ ) , where
q)) is the basic probability ofthat symbol occurring on one ofthe
two similar reels and q~ is the basic probability of that symbol
occurring on the third reel.
0.005 , ranging from 0.005 to 0.100, and each table lists seven values
of q12 .
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring once on

a payline
Table 1: q~ from 0.005 to 0.035

2 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
ql
1
ql
O.OOS 0.0'4850375 0 .01975075 0 .024651125 0 .02955 15 0.03445 1875 0.03935225 0.04<252625
0.01 0 .02-'6015 0.029';03 O.0342o.tS 0.039006 0.0""38075 0.048609 0.0534105
O.OIS 0.03-'253375 0.03895675 0,043660125 0.0-1-83635 0.053066875 0,05777025 O.06H73625
0.02 O.O·BS06 O.O-J8412 0 .053018 0 .057624 0.06223 0 .066836 0.071442
0.02S 0.053259375 0.05776875 0 .062278125 0 .0667875 0.071296875 0.07580625 0 .0803 15625
0.03 0 .0626 135 0 .067027 O.onU05 0.075854 0.0802675 0.08<681 0.0890945
0.03S 0 .071868375 0 .07618675 0 .080505 125 0.0&48235 0 .089141875 0.093",6025 0 .097778625
0.04 0.081024 0 .085248 0 .089472 0.0936% 0 .09792 0. 1021+1 0 .106368
0.04S 0 .090080375 0 .09-'21075 0 ,098341125 0 . 1024715 0106601875 0.1 1073225 0 .114862625
218
0.05 0 .0990375 0 . 103075 0. 1071125 0.11115 0.1151875 0.119225 0.1232625
0.055 0.107895375 0.11184075 0.115786125 0. 1197315 0.123676875 0. 12762225 0.131567625
0.06 0. 1166S. 0.1205Ol! 0.124362 0.128216 0.13207 0.135924 0.139778
0.065 012.5313375 0. 12907675 o 132840 125 0.1366()35 0.140366875 0 . )4-41 )025 0 '-'7893625
0.07 0 , 1338735 0 .1 37547 0,1 -1 12205 0, 14489'- 0 . 1485675 0 . 152241 01559145
0.075 01-1233-1) 75 OU591875 0149503125 0 , 1530875 0 , 156671875 0 , 16025625 0 , 163840625
0.08 0. 150696 0.154192 0.157688 0.161 184 0.16468 0, 168176 0.171672
0.085 0. 158958375 0. 16236675 0.165775125 0.169 1835 0.172591875 0.17600025 0. 179408625
0.09 0,1671215 0 . 170.... 3 0. 1737645 0. 177086 0, 1804075 0.183729 0.1870505
0.095 0 . 175185 375 0 ,17842075 0 . 181656125 0 . 1848915 0 . 188 126875 0. 19136225 0.194597625
0. 1 018315 0.1863 0. 189-15 0. 1926 0. 19575 0.1989 0.20205
2
q; 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070

r---
q~
0.005 0.0-19153 0.05-1053375 0.05895375 0 .063854125 0.0687545 0.073654875 0 .07855525
0.01 0.058212 0 .0630135 0 .067815 0.0726165 0.0774 18 0.0822195 0.087021
0.0 15 0.067 177 0.07 1880375 0.07658375 0.08 1287125 0.0859905 0.090693875 0.09539725
0.D2 0.076048 0.080654 0.08526 0.089866 0.094-172 0.099078 0.10368'
0.025 0.084825 0089334375 0.09384375 0.098353 125 0.1028625 0. 10737 1875 0. 1118812.5
0.03 0.0935Ol! 0.0979215 0102335 0. 1067485 0. 11 1162 0.115.57.5.5 0. 119989
0.035 0. 102097 0 10641.5375 01107337.5 0.11.5052125 0. 119370.5 0.12368887.5 0. 12800725
0.04 0.11 0592 0.114816 0.11904 0. 123264 0. 127488 0.13 1712 0.135936
0.045 0.118993 0.12312337.5 0 12725375 0.131384125 0.135.5145 0.139644875 0.1·077.525
0.05 0.1273 0. 1313375 0.135375 0. 1394125 0.1434.5 0. 147487.5 0. 151525
0.055 0.135513 0.139458375 0.14340375 0.147349125 0.1512945 0.1.55239875 0.1.5918525
0.06 0.143632 0.147486 0. 151 34 0.15.5194 0.159048 0. 162902 0.166756
0.065 0.151657 0155420375 0.15918375 0.162947 125 0.166710.5 0. 170473875 0. 1742372.5
0.Q7 0.159588 0. 16326 1.5 0.166935 0. 170608.5 0. 174282 0. 177955.5 0. 181629
0.Q75 0. 16742.5 0.171009375 0.17459375 0.178178125 0. 1817625 0.18534687.5 0.18893125
0.08 0.175168 0.178664 0. 18216 0.185656 0.189 152 0.192648 0.196144
0.085 0.1828 17 0.186225375 0.18963375 0.193042125 0.1964505 0.199858875 0.20326725
0.09 0.190372 0.1936935 0197015 0.2003365 0.2036.58 0.2069795 0.210301
0.095 0.197833 0.201068375 0.20430375 0.207539125 0.2 107745 0.21400987.5 0.21724525
0. 1 0.2052 0.20835 0.2115 0.21465 0.2 178 0.22095 0.2241
219
?
Table 3: qi from 0.075 to 0.105
ql2 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105

I
ql
0.005 0.083-155625 0 .088356 0093256375 0.09815675 0 . 103057125 0 . 1079575 0.112857875
0.01 009 18225 0 .096624 0,1014255 0 , 106227 0 .111 0285 0 , 11583 0 .12063 15
0.0 15 0100100625 O. I().l80-I o 109507375 0 . 11"' 21075 0. 11 8914125 0.1236175 0.128)20875
0.02 010829 0 .1128% 0, 117502 0 .122108 0 .126714 0 .13132 0.135926
0.025 0 .116390625 0. 1209 0 .125409375 0 .12991875 0 . 134428125 0.1389375 0143446875
0.03 0.1244025 0 .128816 0 .1332295 0 .13764 3 0. 1420565 O,I-I6.J 7 0. 1508835
0.035 0132325625 0, 1366-14 0.1.40962375 0.14528075 0. 149599125 0.1539175 0 ,158235875
0.04 0. 1-1016 0 . 1+4 38-1 0. 1-18608 0.152832 0.1.57056 0.16128 0.165504
0.045 0. 1-17905625 0 , 152036 0 .156166375 0,1602%75 O. I ~27125 0 .1685575 0. 172681875
0.05 0 .1555625 0 . 1596 0.1636375 0 .167675 0, 1717125 0.17575 0 . 1797875
0.055 0. 163130625 0.167076 0 .171021375 0. 174%675 0.178912125 0.1828575 0.186802875
0.06 0 . 17061 O . 17-1-1~ 0.178318 0. 182172 0. 186026 0.18988 0.19373-1
0.065 o 178000625 0. 181764 0.185527375 0 ,18929075 0. 19305-1125 0 .1968 175 0 .200580875
0.07 0.1853025 0. 188976 01926495 0 ,196323 0. 1999965 0.20367 0.2073435
0075 0. 192515625 0 . 1961 o 19968~375 0 .20326875 0 .206853 125 0.2 1 0~ 375 0 . 2 1~02 1 875
0.08 0 19%4 0 .203136 0 .206632 0.210 128 0 . 2 1 362 ~ 0 .21712 0.220616
0.085 0206675625 0. 2 10084 0 .213492375 0 .21690075 0.22030') 125 0 .2237 175 0 .227125875
0.09 0 .2136225 0.2169H 0 .2202655 0 .223587 0.2269085 0 .23023 0 .2335515
0.095 0220~80625 02237 16 0 .226951375 0 .230 18675 0 .233422125 0 .2366575 0 .239892875
0. 1 0 .22725 o 2JO ~ 0.23355 0 .2367 0 .23985 0 .H3 0 .24615

Find the probability of one cherry occurring on a payline of a
3-reel slot machine having 38,38, and 42 stops on reels 1, 2, and 3
We have here the particular case of two similar reels (1 and 2).
q: =1138 = 0.02631 and q~ =1142 = 0.02380.
We consider Table 1 and look at the intersections of columns
ql2 = 0.020 and q~ = 0.025 with rows qll = 0.025 and qi =0.030 .
The intersections give us an approximation interval for the sought
probability, namely 0.0667875 - 0.0802675. We can take for
instance 0.0725 (7.25%) for the sought probability as an accurate
enough estimation. For the exact result, apply directly the explicit
220
peE6 ) =q2q, q, +q,q2q, +q,q, q2 +q,q2q2 +q2q, q2+q2q2q, ,were
'2 3 ' 2 3 '2 3 ' 2 3 ' 2 3 'h 2 3
q( are the basic probabilities of the two symbols occurring on the

reels respectively (q! is the probability of symbol no. i occurring on
reel no.}).
Example:
Find the probability of any combination of red seven and blue
seven symbols occurring on a payline of a 3-reel slot machine
having 56, 56, 60
and 1, 2,
stops on reels and 3 respectively and the
following distributions of the two symbols on these reels
respectively:2, 2,2 2, 1, 1
for red seven; for blue seven.
=2/56, =2/56, =2/60
The basic probabilities are: q: q~ q~
and q~ =2/56, q; =1 /56, q; =1/ 60 .
The sought probability is:
(:6)(:6)(:0)+(:6)(:6)(:0)+(:6)(:6)(;0)+
+(:6)(:6)(;0)+(:6)(:6)(;0)+(:6)(:6)(6~)=
=56·56·60
26 =0.00013818 =0.013818%.

specific symbols
P(E7) =(q,' +q~ +q~) (q,2 +q; +q;) (q; +q~ +q; ) , where q! are the
basic probabilities of the three symbols occurring on each reel
respectively. Denoting q~ = q( + qi + q{ , for} from 1 to 3, we can
write P( E7) = q~q~q~ and use the tables and the results of section
2.1.
221
Example:
Find the probability of any combination of bar-type symbols
(single, double, and triple bar) occurring on a payline of a 3-reel slot
machine with 50, 50, and 60 stops on reels 1, 2, and 3 respectively,
and the following distributions of the bar-type symbols on these
reels respectively: 2, 2, 1 for single bar; 2, 1, 1 for double bar; 1, 1, 1
for triple bar.
We have: q]] = 2 / 50, q]2 = 2/50, q; = 1160,
q~ = 2 / 50, q; = 1 / 50, q; = 1/ 60 , q~ = I / 50, q~ = 1/ 50, qi = 1/ 60
2
( 50 2
+ 50 + 50
1)( 502 + 501+ 501 )( 601+ 601+ 601) 5 5
= 50 . 50 . 60 =
3
= 0.0005 = 0.05% .

events on a payline (disjunctions of the previous events E] through
E 7 , operated with or).
2.8 A specific symbol at least twice

q] q]2 q]3 + q]]q]2 (1 - q]3 ) + q]]q]3 (1 - q]2 ) + q]2q]3 (1 - q]]) , were
] h ] q]2 , q]3
q],
respectively.
Example:
Find the probability of at least two cherries occurring on a
payline ofa 3-reel slot machine having 45, 47, and 53 stops on reels
1,2, and 3 respectively and 1,3, and 2 cherries on these reels
respectively.
We have q: = 1 / 45, q]2 = 3 / 47, q; = 2 / 53 . The sought
probability is:
2
:5 . :7 . 53 + :5 . :7 (1- 2 2
53) + :5 . 53 (1- 2
:7) + :7 . 53 (1- 1 = 45)
= 1· 3·2 + 1· 3·51 + 1· 2·44 + 3 · 2·44 = 0.0045586 = 0.45586% .

45·47·53
222
probability of the measured event is (qll f + 2q;q~ (1- q;) , where q;
is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on one of the two
on the third reel.
This particular fom1Ula returns the following table of values,
of q~.
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring at least

twice on a payline
2
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
q~
~
q;
0.005 0.00007475 0 .0001245 0 .00017425 0 .000224 0 .00027375 0.0003235 0.00037325
0.0 1 O.04XI 199 0 .000298 0 .000397 0.000496 0.000595 0 .000694 0.000793
0.015 0.(00) 7275 0.0005205 0 .00066825 0 .0008 16 0 .00096375 0,00 II 11 5 0.00125925
0.02 0 .000596 0.000792 0.000988 0.00 1184 0.00 138 000 1576 0 .001772
0.D25 0.00086875 0.0011125 0 .00 135625 0 .00 16 0 .00 184375 0 .0020875 0 .00233125
0.03 0.00119 1 0 .001 482 0,00 177) 0 .002064 0 .002355 0 .002646 0 .002937
0.035 0.00 156275 0 .00 19005 0OO22382S 0.002576 0002913 75 000325 15 0,00358925
0.04 0 .00 1984 0 .002368 0 .002752 0 .003136 0 .00352 0 .003904 0.004288
0.045 0.002"'5475 0 .0028845 0 .0033 1425 0.00374-1 0 .004 17375 0.0046035 0.00503325
0.05 0.002975 0.003 45 0003925 0.0044 0 .004875 0.00535 0.005825
0.055 0 .00354475 OJ}O-l0645 0.00458-'25 0.005104 0.0056237 5 0.006 1435 0.00666325
0.06 O.()()4 I64 O.00-l728 0.005292 0 ,005856 0.00642 0.006984 0.007548
0.065 O.00-l83275 00054405 o0Q60.I825 0.006656 0 .00726375 0 .0078715 0.00847925
0.07 0 .005551 0 .006202 0 .006853 0 .00750-' 0.008 155 0.008806 0.1)09457
0075 0.00631875 0 .0070125 0 .00770625 0 .0084 0.00909375 0.0097875 0.01048125
0.08 0 ,007136 0,007872 0.008608 o0093+t 0.0 1008 0.0108 16 0.0 115 52
0.085 0 .00800275 0.0087805 0.00955825 0 .010336 0.0 11 11375 0.QI 18915 0 .0 1266925
0.09 0.0089 19 0 .009738 0 .010557 0 .0 11376 0 .0 12 195 0 .0130 14 0.0 13833
0.095 0 .009&8~ 75 O.OI07~ 5 00 1160425 0012464 0 .01332375 0.0 141 83S 0.0 15().1325
0. 1 0.0109 00 118 0.0 127 0 .0136 0 .0145 0 .0154 0.0 163
223
2
Table 2: ql trom 0.040 to 0.070
2 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
ql
r----
I
ql
0.005 o.ooom 000047275 0.0005225 0.00057225 0.000622 0.00067 175 0.0007215
0.0 1 0.000892 0.000991 0.00109 OJXlI I89 0.00 1288 0.00 1387 0.001486
0.0 15 0.001-107 0 .001.55475 0.0017025 0,00 185025 0.001998 0.0021 4575 0.0022935
0.02 0.001968 0.002164 0,00236 0 ,002556 0 .002752 0 .002948 OJ)()31-l4
0025 0,002575 000281875 0.0030625 0.00330625 0.00355 0.00379375 O.(X).I037S
0.03 0.00] 228 0003519 0.00381 0.004101 0.004392 0.004683 0.004974
0035 0.003927 0.00426475 0.0046025 0.00494025 0.005278 0.00561575 0.0059535
0.04 O.()0.4.672 0.005056 0.0054-1 0 .005824 0,006208 0.006592 0.006976
0.045 0 .005463 000589275 0 ,0063225 0.00675225 0.007182 0 .00761175 0.0080·'15
0.05 0.0063 0.006775 0.00725 0.007725 0.0082 0.008675 0.009 15
0.055 0.007183 0.00770275 0.0082225 0.00874225 0.009262 0.00978175 0.0103015
0.06 0.008112 0.008676 0.00924 0.009804 0.010368 0.0 10932 0.0 11 496
0.065 0.009087 0.00%9475 0,0103025 0.01091025 0,01 1518 0.0 1212575 0.0127335
0.07 0.0 10108 0010759 0.0 1141 0,0 1206 1 0.0 12712 0.013363 0.0 1-10 14
0.075 0 .0 111 75 0 .0 1186875 0 ,0 125625 0.01325625 0.0 1395 0.01-'6-1375 0 .015)375
0.08 0.0 12288 0.01 3024 0,01376 0,0 14-496 0,0 15232 0.0 15968 D.OI670-l
0.085 0 .01l4~7 0.01422475 0.0150025 0.01578025 0.0 16558 0.01733575 0.018 11 35
0.09 0.014652 O.OI5HI 0.0 1629 0.0 17109 0.0 17928 D.DI8H7 0.019566
0.095 0.015903 0.01676275 0.0176225 0.01848225 0.0 19342 0.02020175 0.0210615
0. 1 0.0172 00181 0.019 0.0199 0.0208 0.0217 0.0226
2
Table 3: ql trom 0.075 to 0.105
q~ 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0. 100 0.105
qll
0.005 0.00077125 0.000821 0.00087075 0.0009205 0.00097025 0.00102 0.00106975
0.0 1 0.001585 0.001684 0.001783 0.001882 0.00198 \ 0.00208 0.002 179
0.01 5 0.00244125 0.002589 0.00273675 0.0028845 OJ)()303225 0.003 18 0.00332775
0.02 0.00334 0.003536 0.003732 0.003928 0.OO4 12-l 0.00432 0.0045 16
0.025 0.00428 125 0.004525 0.00476875 0.0050 125 0'()()525625 0.0055 0.00574375
0.03 0.005265 0.005556 0.005847 0.006 138 0.006429 0.00672 0.007011
0.035 0.00629125 0.006629 0.00696675 O.OO730-l5 0.00764225 0.00798 0.0083 1775
0.04 0.00736 0.00774-1 0.008128 0.008512 0.008896 0.00928 0.009664
0.045 0.00847 125 0.00890 1 0.00933075 0.0097605 0.0 1OIW25 0.0 1062 0.01104975
224
0.05 0 .009625 0.0 10 1 0 .0 10575 O.o!105 0.01 1525 0 .012 0.0 12475
0.055 0.01082 125 0.011341 0.011 86075 0.0123805 0.01290025 0.01342 0.01393975
0.06 0.01206 0.012624 0.013188 0.013752 0.014316 0.01488 0.QI 5444
0.065 0.01334125 0.013949 0.01455675 0.0151645 0.01577225 0.01638 0.01698775
0.07 0.014665 0 .0 15316 0.015967 0.0 166 18 0.017269 0.0 1792 0 .0 1857 1
0.075 0 ,01603 125 0 .0 16725 0 .01741875 00 18 11 25 0.0188062.5 0 .0 195 0 .02019375
0.08 0 .01744 0 ,018176 0 .0 18912 0 .019648 0.020384 0.021 12 0 .02 1856
0.085 0.01889125 0.019669 002044675 0.02 12245 0.02200225 0.02278 0.02355775
0.09 0.020385 0.021204 0.022023 0.022&42 0.02366 1 0.02448 0.025299
0.095 0.02 192125 0.022781 0.02364075 0.0245005 0.02536025 0.02622 0.02707975
0.1 0.0235 00244 0 .025] 0.0262 0.0271 0 .028 0.0289

Find the probability of at least two cherries occurring on a
payline of a 3-reel slot machine having 65, 65 , and 68 stops on reels
1, 2 and 3 respectively and 2, 2, and 1 cherries on these reels
respecti vel y.
qll = 2 / 65 = 0.03076 and q~ = 2 / 68 = 0.02941 .
q~ = 0.030 with row qll = 0.030 , where we find the probability
0.002646. We can take 0.0025 = 0.25% as an approximation of the
sought probability.
For the exact result, apply directly the explicit probability
formula that returned the tables.
2.9 A specific symbol at least once

The probability ofthis event is
ql1ql2 ql3 + ql1ql2 (1 - ql3 ) + ql1ql3 (1 - ql2 ) + ql2 ql3 (1 - qlI) +
+q11(1- q~ ) (1- q~ ) + q~ (1- q~ ) (1- q: ) + q~ (1- qll ) (1- q~ ) , where
q: , q~, q~ are the basic probabilities of that symbol occurring on the
reels respectively.
Example:
In the same hypothesis as of the first example from the previous
section 2.7, find the probability of at least one cherry occurring on a
payline.
225
We have qi =1/ 45, q}2 = 3 / 47, q~ = 2 / 53. The sought
probability is:
_1 .~.2.+_1 '~(1_2.)+_1 .2.(1_~)+~.2.(1 __1 )+
45 47 53 45 47 53 45 53 47 47 53 45
+_1 (1-~)(1-2.)+~(1-2.)(1-_1 )+2.(1 __1 )(1-~) =

45 47 53 47 53 45 53 45 47
1. 3 . 2 + 1. 3 . 51 + 1. 2 . 44 + 3 . 2 . 44 + ] . 44 . 51 + 3 . 51 . 44 + 2 . 44 . 44
45·47·53
= 0.119175 =11.9175%.
probability of the measured event is
( q}} )2 + (1 - q: ) (2q: + q~ - q: q~) , where qi is the basic probability
of that symbol occurring on one of the two similar reels and q~ is
the basic probability of that symbol occurring on the third reel.
of qj2.

once on a payline
Table 1: qj2 from 0.005 to 0.035

0.005 0.010 0.025
q~ 0.015 0.020 0.030 0.035
r--
qi
0.005 0.014925125 0 .0 1987525 0.024825375 0.0297755 0.03-'725625 0.03967575 0.044625875
O.O} 0 .0248005 0.029701 0 .0346015 0,0)9502 0.0""4025 0 .0 .$9)03 0 .0>42035
0.0}5 0 .034626 125 0.039-17725 0 .044328375 0 .049 1795 0 ,054030625 0 .05888 175 0.063732875
0.02 O.O.t4402 0.0-19204 0054006 0 .058808 0 .06361 0.068412 0.0732 14
0.025 0 .054128 125 0 .05888 125 0063634375 0 .0683875 0.073 140625 0.07789375 0.082646875
0.03 006 3 8~5 0.068509 0 .0732135 0.0779 18 0 .0826225 0 .087327 0 .09203 15
0.035 0073431125 0.07&08725 0.0827.0375 0.OS73995 0 .092055625 0 .09671 175 0 .101367875
226
0.04 0.083008 0 .0876 16 0 .092224 0.096832 0,10 1-14 0 . 106048 0.1 10656
0.045 0.092535125 0.09709525 0.10 1655375 0.1062155 0. 1 \0775625 0. 11533575 0.119895875
0.05 0. 1020125 0106525 0.1110375 01 1555 0 .\ 200625 0.124575 01290875
0.055 0. 111440 125 0 . 115905 25 0. 120)70375 0.1248355 0. 129300625 0. 13376575 o 138230875

0.06 0 .120818 0.125236 0 .129654 0.134072 0. 13849 0,142908 0. 141326
0.065 0 . 130146125 0 . 13451725 0 . 138888375 0 1432595 0 .147630625 0 . 15200 175 0 , 156372875
0.07 0 . 13')4245 0 ,143749 0 .1480135 0. 152398 0.1567225 0 , 161047 0 1653715
0.075 0.148653125 0. 15293125 0.157209375 0.16 14875 0. 16576562.1 0.17004375 0. 174321875
0.08 0.157832 o 162064 0.166296 0. 170528 0.17476 0.178992 0.183224
0.085 0.166961125 0. 17114725 0. 175333375 0 ,1795195 0 .183705625 018789 175 0 192077875
0.09 0.1160405 0 .180 181 0. 18432 15 0 . 188462 0 ,1926025 0. 196743 0 .2008835
0.095 O . 18~70 125 0.189 16525 0 . 193260375 0 .1 973555 0 .201 450625 0.20554575 0.209640875
0.1 0 . 19405 0. 1981 0.20215 0.2062 0.21025 0.2143 0.21835
2
2 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
q1
qll
0.005 0 .049576 0.054526125 0.05947625 0.064426375 0.0693765 0.074326625 0.07927675
0.01 0059 104 O.()6.4()045 0 068905 0.0738055 0 .078706 0 .0836065 0.088507
0.0 15 0 .068584 0 .073435 125 0.07828625 0 ,083137375 0 .0879885 0 .092839625 0.0976907S
0.02 0.0780 16 0.0828 18 008762 0.09242 2 0.097224 0 .102026 0. 106828
0.025 0.0874 0.092153125 0 09690625 o 10 1659375 o 1064 125 0 111165625 0 ,11591875
0.03 0.0%736 0 .101-'405 0 .1061 45 0 .1108495 0 . 115554 0 .1202585 0 .124963
0.035 0 . 106024 0 .110680125 0 . 11533615 0 . 11 9992375 0 .1246485 0 . 12930-'625 0.13396075
0.04 0115264 0119872 012-1-48 0129088 0. 133696 0.1383Q.1 0.142912
0.045 0 , 12-'456 0. 1290 16125 0.13357625 0. 138 136375 0.1426965 0.147256625 0.1518 1675
0.05 0. \336 0.1381125 0.142625 0. 147 1375 0. 15 165 0.156 1625 0.160675
0.055 0. 142696 0 .1-'7161125 015162625 0156091375 0 .1605565 0. 165021625 0.16948675
0.06 0. 151744 0 . 156 162 0. 16058 0 . 164998 0 .16941 6 0. 17383" 0. 178252
0.065 0 . 160744 0.165115 125 0. 16948625 0. 173857375 0 .17822H5 0 . 182599625 0 .18697075
0.07 0. 169696 0.1740205 0 .1783..$5 0. 1826695 0.186994 0.19 13185 0. 195643
0.075 0.1786 0 . 182878125 0. 187 15625 0191-'34375 0 .1957125 O. 199990625 0.20426875
0.08 0 . 187456 0 . 191688 0 ,19592 0 .200 152 0 .204384 0.2086 16 0.212848
0.085 0 . 196264 0 .200.J50125 0.20463615 0 .208822375 0 .2130085 0.2 171 94625 0 .22138075
0.09 O.2050H 0 .209 1645 0213305 0 .2 174455 0 .221586 0 .2257265 0 .229867
0.095 0.213736 0.217831\25 0.22192625 0.22602 1375 0.230 11 65 0.2342 11 625 0.23830675
0.1 0. 2224 0 .22645 0.2305 0 .23455 0.2386 0.24265 0.2467
227
2
q~ 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105

~
I
ql
0.005 0 .0842268 75 0.089177 0 .094127 125 0.09907725 0 . 104027375 0 , 1089775 0 . 113927625
0.0 1 0.093-1075 O.09lS308 0 .10]2085 0.108 \09 0. 1130095 0.1179 \ 0 .1228105
0.0 15 0 . 10254 1875 0 . 107393 0. 11 2244 125 0 . 11709525 0 . 111946375 0 . 1267975 O. 131(H8625
0.02 0.11 163 0 . 116432 0. 12123" 0. 126036 0. 130838 0.1356-l 0 , 140442
0025 0. 120671875 0 . 1 25~25 0. 130178125 0. 13493 125 0 . 1 3%8~375 0 . 1 ~~~ 3 75 0. lm90625
003 0 .1296675 0. 13·072 0.1390765 0 . 14378 1 0 .1484855 0 .15319 0 . 1 5789~5
0.035 0 .138616875 0 .143273 0 ,147929125 0. 15258525 0 . 157241 375 0 .1618975 0. 166553625
0.04 0. 14752 0 .152128 0 . 156736 0 , 16 1)44 0 . 165952 0 . 17056 0 .175 168
0.045 0 .156376875 0 .160937 0,165-197125 0. 17005725 0 ,1746 17375 0. 1791775 0. 183737625
0.05 0.1651875 0 . 1697 0.17"2 125 0.178725 0. 1832375 0. 18775 0.1922625
0.055 0. 173951875 0.178" 7 0.182882125 0.18734725 0. 191812375 0.1%2775 0 . 2oo7 ~ 2625
0.06 0. 18267 0. 187088 0.191506 0.195924 0.200342 0.20476 0.209 178
0.065 a . 1913-HS75 0. 195713 0.200084 125 0 .20445525 0 .208826375 0.213 1975 0.217568625
007 0 . 1999675 0.2O.J291 0 .2086165 0.2 129-11 0.2172655 0 .22 159 0.22591-15
0075 0208546 875 0. 2 12825 02 17103 125 0 .22138 125 0.225659375 0.2299375 0.2342 15625
0.08 021 708 0 .221 3 12 0 .225544 0.229776 0 . 2J~OO8 0.2J8H 0.24H72
0.085 0.225566875 0.229753 0.233939 125 0.238 12525 0.2423 11 375 0 . 2~ M975 0.250683625
0.09 02 3-10075 0.23 81~8 0.H22885 0 . 2~29 0.2505695 0. 25~7 1 0.2588505
0.095 0242-10 1875 0246497 0250592 125 0 .25468725 0 .258782375 0 .2628775 0 .266912625
0. 1 0 .25075 0 2548 0 .25885 0 .2629 0 .26695 0 .271 0 .27505

Find the probability of at least one cherry occurring on a pay line
of a 3-reel slot machine having 86, 90, and 90 stops on reels 1, 2,
and 3 respectively and 3, 2, and 2 cherries on these reels
respectively.
q~ = 2 / 90 = 0.02222 and q~ = 3 / 86 = 0.03488.
ql2 = 0.035 with rows q11= 0.020 and q; = 0.025, where we find the
probabilities 0.073214 and 0.082646875 . We can take 0.075 = 7.5%
as an approximation of the sought probability.
For the exact result, apply directly the explicit probability
formula that returned the tables.
228
twice
q1q1q1 ' 2 (1 -q2
, 2 3 +q2q2 ' 3 (1 -q22 ) +q2q2
3 ) +q2q2 2 3 (1 -q2
' ) , were
h qlI , q12 , q13
are the basic probabilities of the first symbol occurring three times
and q~, qi, q; are the basic probabilities of the second symbol
occurring twice, on the reels respectively.
Example:
Find the probability of three melons or two cherries occurring on
a pay line of a 3-reel slot machine having 48, 50, and 56 stops on
reels 1, 2, and 3 respectively and the following distributions of the
two symbols on these reels respectively: 3, 2, and 2 melons; 2, 1,
and 1 cherries.
The basic probabilities are: q: = 3 / 48, q; = 2 / 50, q( = 2 / 56
and q~ = 2 / 48, qi = 1/ 50, q; = 1 / 56 . The sought probability is:
2
:8 . 520 . 56 + :8 . 510 ( 1- 516) + 428 . 516 (1- 510) + 510 . 516 ( 1- :8) =
= 3 · 2·2 + 2 ·1· 55 + 2 ·1· 49 + 1·1· 46 =0.001979 = 0.1979% .
48·50 · 56

once
The probability ofthis event is
q:q;q; +q~ (1- qi )(l-q; ) +qi (l-q; )(l- q~) +q; (1- q~) (1- qi ) ,
where q1', q;, q~ are the basic probabilities of the first symbol
occurring three times and q~, q~ , q; are the basic probabilities of the
second symbol occurring once, on the reels respectively.
Example:
Find the probability of three lemons or one cherry occurring on a
pay line of a 3-reel slot machine having 34, 38, and 38 stops on reels
1, 2, and 3 respectively and the following distributions of the two
symbols on these reels respectively: 2, 2, and 1 lemons; 1, 1, and 1
cherries.
229
The basic probabilities are: qll = 2 / 34, q~ = 2 / 38, q~ = 1/ 38
and q~ = 1134, q~ = 1138, q; = 1138 0
~0~0_1 +_1 (1 __
1 )(1 __
1 ) +_1 ( 1 __
1 )(1 __
1 )+
34 38 38 34 38 38 38 38 34
+_1 (1 __ 1 )(1 __1 )=20201+1037037+1 037033+1033037 =
38 34 38 34 038 038
= 00077704 = 707704% 0

at least once
q~ q;q~ + q~ (1- q~ ) (1- q; ) + q~ (1- q; ) (1- q~ ) + q; (1- q~ ) (1- q~ ) +
+q~ q; (1- q~ ) + q~ q~ (1- qi ) + q; q~ (1- q~ ) + q~qi q~, where
qll , q~, q~ are the basic probabilities of the first symbol occurring
three times and q~, q~, q; are the basic probabilities of the second
symbol occurring at least once, on the reels respectivelyo
Example:
Find the probability ofthree sevens or at least one cherry
occurring on a pay line of a 3-reel slot machine having 80, 80, and 86
stops on reels 1, 2 and 3 respectively and the following distributions
of the two symbols on these reels respectively: 3, 2, and 2 sevens; 2,
1, and 1 cherrieso
The basic probabilities are: qll = 3 / 80, q~ = 2 / 80, q~ = 2 / 86
and q~ = 2 / 80, q;
= 1180, q;= 1/ 86 0
~0~0~+~(1 __1 )(1 __1 )+_1 (1 __1 )(1-~)+
80 80 86 80 80 86 80 86 80
+_1 (1_~)(1 __1 J+~0_1 (1 __1 )+~0_1 (1 __1)+

86 80 86 80 80 86 80 86 80
230
1 1
6( 2 2 1
+ 80 . 8 1 - 80) + 80 . 80 . :6 =
3·2·2 + 2·79·85 + 1· 85·78 + 1· 78 · 85 + 2·1 ·85 + 2·] ·79 + 1 ·1· 78 + 2 ·1· J
= 80 ·80·86
=
= 0.049255 = 4.9255%.
2.13 A specific symbol three times or any combination of that

12 3 1 23 1 23 12 3 12 3 1 23 1 23 h
ql q[ ql + q2ql ql + ql q2ql + ql q[ q2 + q[q2q2 + q2q[ q2 + q2q2ql ,were
q~ , q~, q; are the basic probabilities of the first symbol occurring
three times and q~ , q~, q~ are the basic probabilities of the second
symbol occurring in combination with the first.
Example:
Find the probability of three red sevens or any combination of a
red seven and a blue seven occurring on a payline of a 3-reel slot
machine having 45 , 47, and 48 stops on reels 1,2, and 3 respectively
and the following distributions ofthe two symbols on these reels
respectively: 3, 2, and 2 red sevens; 2, 2, and 1 blue sevens.
The basic probabilities are: q~ = 3 / 45, q~ = 2 / 47, q; = 2 / 48
and q~ = 2 / 45, q~ = 2 / 47, q~ = 1148.
_ 3.2 _2 .-+2 - .2- .2
- + -3 . -2
.-2+ - 3
. -2
. -1
+_3
. _2
._1+
45 47 48 45 47 48 45 47 48 45 47 48 45 47 48
+_ 2 ._2 . _+_
1 2 ._2 . _=
2
45 47 48 45 47 48
3· 2·2+2·2 ·2+3·2 · 2+3·2·1 +3·2·1 +2·2 ·1+2·2·2
=
45·47·48
=
= 0.000551 = 0.551 %.
231
2.14 A specific symbol twice or another specific symbol once
qllql2(1- q13) +qllq; (1- q12)+q;q; (1- q~ ) +q~ (1- qi )(1- q; ) +
+q22(1 -q23)(1 -q2I)+q23(1 -q21)(1 -q22) -qlqlq2
123 -q2qlql
123 -qlq2ql
123 '
where qi , q~, q; are the basic probabilities of the fIrst symbol
occurring twice and q~, q;, q; are the basic probabilities of the
second symbol occurring once.
Example:
Find the probability of two money bags or one bandit occurring
on a payline of a 3-reel slot machine having 60, 60, and 62 stops on
reels 1, 2 and 3 respectively and the following distributions of the
two symbols on these reels respectively: 2, 2, and 2 money bags; 2,
1, and 1 bandits.
The basic probabilities are: qll = 2 / 60, q;
= 2 / 60, = 2 / 62 q;
and q~ = 2 / 60, qi = 1160, q; =1/ 62 .
~'~(1-~)
60 60 62
+~'~(1-~)+~
60 62 60
' ~(1-~)+
60 62 60
+2(1 __1)(1 __1)+_1 (1 __1)(1_2)+_1 (1_2)(1 __1)_

60 60 62 60 62 60 62 60 60
2
-_ ._2._
1 -2
_ .2 2212
_ ._-_._._=
60 60 62 60 60 62 60 60 62
2· 2 ·60 + 2 · 2· 58 + 2 · 2 · 58 + 2·59 ·61 + 1·61 ·58+ 1·58 ·59 - 2 · 2·1 - 2 ·2 ·2 - 2 . ). 2
60 ·60 ·62
= 0.0665143 = 6.65143%.

one of three other specific symbols
I 2 (1 I 3 (1 2 3 (1 here qlI , ql2 , ql3
qlql -ql3 ) +qlql -ql2 ) +qlql -qlI) +q2q2q2'w
I 2 3
are the basic probabilities of the fIrst symbol occurring twice and
q~, qi, q; are the basic probabilities of one (any) of the other three
symbols occurring three times .
232
Example:
Find the probability of two cherries or three bar-type symbols
occurring on a pay line of a 3-reel slot machine having 50, 50, and 60
stops on reels 1, 2 and 3 respectively and the following distributions
of the given symbols on these reels respectively: 2, 1, and 1 cherries;
2, 2, and 2 single bars; 2, 2, and 1 double bars; 1, 1, and 1 triple
bars.
We first calculate the basic probabilities. Let q~ , q~, q~ be the
probabilities of a cherry occurring on the reels respectively and
q~ , q;, q; the probabilities of a bar-type symbol occurring on the
reels respectively. We have: q: = 2 / 50, q~ =2 / 50, q; =2 / 60 and
I = 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 / 50 2 = 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 / 50 3 = 2 + 1+ 1 = 4 160 .
q2 50 ' q2 50 ' q2 60
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
50 . 50 ( 1- 60) + 50 . 60 ( 1- 50) + 50 . ;0 ( 1- 50) + :0 . 550 . 6~ =
= 2 ·1· 59 + 2 ·1· 49 + 1·1· 48 + 5·5 · 4 =0.002426 =0.2426% .
50·50 ·60
233
2 x 3 and 3 x 3 display
Such machines could have more than one payline, by default or

when enabled by the player (usually 2 horizontal paylines for the
2 x 3-display and 3 through 9 paylines for the 3 x 3-display
machines, including 3 horizontal lines, up to 2 oblique, or up to 2
triangular lines).


On a 3-reel 2 x 3- or 3 x 3-display slot machine, any two paylines

are linked; therefore we cannot estimate the probabilities of the
winning events related to several lines. For one payline, all the
applications and numerical results presented in the section J x 3
display hold for the 2 x 3- and 3 x 3-display machines.
234
The 5-reel slot machines could have the following common

configurations of the display: 1 x 5, 2 x 5, 3 x 5. The standard length
of a pay line is 5.
The common winning events on a payline are:

EI - A specific symbol five times
(for example, CO • • • • ))
E2 - Any symbol five times (quintet)
E3 - A specific symbol exactly four times
(for example, (• • • • !!!Y))
E4 - Any symbol exactly four times (quadruple)
E5 - A specific symbol exactly three times
(for example, ~ 7., any !!!Y))
E6 - Any symbol three times (triple)

(for example, (any bar any bar ai~Ai~ar any bar any bar), with
I!!'JIJ m:;m
three bar symbols like am, £iIIil, m::m)
235
1 x 5 display
There is one payline on such machines.
Figure 30. Example of a 5-reel slot machine with 1 X 5 display

Probabilities of winning events on the payline

on the reels
1.1 Event E, - A specific symbol five times
The probability of E, is peE,) =(-;.)' , where I is the number of
stops of a reel and c is the distribution of that symbol on a reel. This

formula returns the following table of values, where the values of t
are listed in increments of 2, ranging from 20 to 200, and the values
of c range from 1 to 7.
236
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring five
times on a payline
c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 3125[-07 000001 7.59375E-05 0,00032 0.000976563 0.00243 0.005252 188
22 1.94038E-07 6.2092 1£-06 4,71512E-OS 0.000 198695 0.000606368 0.00 1508839 0.003261 19.5
24 1.25587E-07 ·t OI 878E-06 J.OS176E-OS 0.000 12860 1 0 .000392459 0.000976563 0.002110736
26 8.4 1653£-08 2.69329E-06 2.04522£-05 8.6 1853E-05 0.0002630 17 0.00065447 0.001414567
28 5.81045E-08 1 859HE-06 141194E.o5 5.9499E-05 0.000 18 1577 0.00045 1821 0.000976563
30 4.11 .523E"()8 l.3 1687E-06 0.00001 4.21399E-05 0.000 128601 0.00032 0.00069 1646
32 2.98023E..()8 95)674E"()7 7.24 1%E-06 3.Q5 176E-OS 9.3 1323E-05 0.00023 1743 0.000500888
34 2.20093£-08 7.04296E-07 5.3 4825E-06 2.25375E-05 6.87789E-05 0.00017 1J..I4 0 .0003699 1
36 1.65382E-08 5.29221£ ..07 4.0 I 878E-06 1.6935 1E-05 5. 168 18£-05 0.000 12860 1 0.000277957
38 1.26207E-08 4 .0386IE-07 3.06682E-06 1.29236E-05 3.94396E-05 9.8 1382E-05 0.000212 11 5
40 9.76563E-09 3. 125E-07 2.37305E-06 0.0000 1 3.05 176E-05 7.59375E-05 0.00016413 1
42 7.65162E-09 2.44852£-07 1.8593..$E-06 7.83526E-06 2.39 113E-05 5.9499E..()5 0.000 12860 1
44 6.06368E-09 1.94038E-07 1A7348E-06 6.20921E-06 1.8949E-05 ·U I512E..()5 0 .00010 1912
46 485524E-09 1.55368E-07 I. 17982E-06 4.97177E-06 1.5 1726E-05 3.775-t4 E-05 8. 1602E.o5
48 3.92459E-09 l.25587E-07 9.53674E-07 4.0 1878E-06 l.22643E.o5 3.05 176E-05 6.59605E.o5
50 3.2E-09 1 024E-07 7.776E-07 3.2768E-06 0.0000 1 2.48832E.o5 5.37824E-05
52 263017E-09 8.41 653E-08 6.39 13 1E-07 2.69329E-06 8.2 1927E-06 2.04522E.o5 4.4 2052E"()5
54 2. 17787E-09 6.969 17E-08 5.2922IE-07 2.230 14 E-06 6 .80583E-06 1.6935 1E-05 3.66034E..()5
56 1 8 1577E-09 58 10-'5E-08 4 4 123IE-07 1.85934 E-06 5.67427E-06 141 194E-05 3.05176E-05
58 1.52356E-09 4.8754E.o8 370225E.o7 1 56013E-06 4 .76 I lJE..Q6 I. 18472E-05 2.56065E-05
60 l.28601E-09 4.11523E-08 3.125E-07 1 31687E-06 4.0 1878E-06 0.0000 1 2 16 139E-05
62 1.09154E-09 3.49294E-08 2.65245E-07 1.1 1774E-06 3.4 1108E-06 8.48785E-06 ! .8H56E-05
64 9 .3 1323E- 1O 298023E-08 2.263 11E-07 9.53674E-07 2.91038E-06 7.24 196E-06 1.56527E-05
66 7.985IE-1O 2.55523E-08 1.9-t.038E-07 8. 17674E-07 2.49534 E-06 6.20921 E-06 I.H206E-05
68 6.87789E-IO 2.20093E-08 1.67 133E-07 7.04 296E-07 2. 1493 4E-06 5.34825E-06 1. 15597E..()5
70 5.9499E- 1O 1.90397E-08 IA4583E-07 6.0927E.o7 1.85934E-06 4.62664E-06 0.00001
72 5.168 18E- 1O 1.65382E-08 1.25587E-07 5.2922 IE-07 1.6 1506E-06 4 .0 1878E-06 8.686 16E-06
74 4.50652E-\0 IA4209E-08 1.09508E-07 4.6 1468E-07 1.40829E-06 3.50-'27E-06 7.5741 1E-06
76 3.943%E- 1O 1.26207E-08 9.5838 1E-08 4.0386 1E-07 1.23249E-06 3.06682E-06 6.6286 1E-06
78 3.46359E- 1O 1. 10835E-08 8.41 653E-08 3.54672E-07 1.08237E.{)6 2.69329E-06 5.82 126E-06
80 3.05176E· 10 9.76563E-09 H1577E-08 3.12;E-07 9.53674E..()7 2.3 7305E-06 5. 12909E-06
82 2.69731E-10 8.63 139E-09 6.55446E-08 2.76204E-07 8 A2909E-07 2.09743E-06 4.53337E-06
84 2.391 13E-1O 7.65 162E-09 58 1045E-08 2.44852E-07 7.47229E-07 1.85934E-06 -t 01878E-06
86 2. 12573E- 1O 6.80233E-09 5. 16552E-08 2. 17675E-07 6.6429E-07 1.65297E-06 3.5727 IE-06
23 7
88 1.8949E·IO 6.06368E-09 4.6O-I6IE'()8 1.94038E'()7 5.92 157E.()7 1.47348E-06 3. I 8476E-06
90 1.69351E·IO , 4 1923E-09 4. 11523E'()8 1.73415E.()7 5.2922IE'()7 1.31687E.()6 2.84628E.()6
92 1.51726E·IO 4.855HE-09 3.68695E'()8 1.55368E.()7 4.74145E'()7 1.1 7982E.()6 2.55006E.()6
94 I 36258£-10 ", .3 6024E~ 3.31106E-08 1.39528E-07 -4 .25805E-07 1.05954£-06 2.29008E.()6
96 1.226-1 1E·1O J.92459E-09 2.98023E-08 1.25587E4)7 3.832fJE..Q7 9.536HE-07 2.06127E-06
98 1.I0629E-10 J 54013E-09 268829E-O& I . I 3284E..()7 ),o$5716E-07 8.60252E-07 1.85934£-06
100 IE·IO 3.2E-09 2A3E.()8 1.024E-07 3.125E'()7 7.776E-07 1.6807E.()6
102 9.0573IE·11 2.89834E-09 220093E'()8 9.27468E'()8 2.8lO4IE.()7 7.04296E.()7 1.52226E.()6
104 8.2 1927E·11 2.63017E"()9 1.99728E'()8 8.41653E'()8 2.56852E.()7 6.39 13IE'()7 1.3814 I E-06
106 7A7258E·11 2.39123E-09 18158"'E"()8 7.65192£-08 2335 18£-07 5.8 1068E-07 1.25592E-06
108 6.80583E-) I 2. I 7787E-09 1.6S382E-o& 6.969 17E-08 2. 12682E-07 5.2922 1E-07 1.1 4386E-06
110 6.2092IE- 11 1.98695E-09 I.508R4E'()8 6.35823E.()8 1.9-WJ8E-07 4.82828E.()7 1.04358E.()6
11 2 5.67427E-I l 1.81577£-09 1.37885E-08 5.81045E'()8 1. 77321E-07 4AJ23IE-07 9 .53674E.()7
11 4 5. 19369E-II 1,66198E..()9 L26207E.o& 5,31834E-08 1.62303E.()7 4.0386 IE.()7 8.72903E-07
11 6 4.761I3E-11 1.52356E-09 I. I 5695E-08 4,875-*E-08 1.48785E-07 3.70225E'()7 8.00203E'()7
11 8 -*.37 109E-11 1.39875E-09 1.06218E'()8 4.476E'()8 1.36597E-07 3.39896E-07 7.34649E-07
120 -*.0 1878E-11 1.2860IE'()9 976563E.()9 ·U1523E-OS 1,25587E-07 3. 125E-07 6.75436E'()7
122 3.69999E- 11 I. 184E-09 8.99098E'()9 3.78879E'()8 1.1 5625E'()7 2.8771IE'()7 6 .21858E'()7
124 3.4IIOSE ·1 1 1.09154E-09 8.28892E'()9 3.49294E-OS 1.06596E-07 2.65245E-07 5.733E'()7
126 3. 14882E-11 1.00762E.o9 7.65162E'()9 3.22439E-08 9.84005E-08 2.44852E-07 5.29221E-07
128 2.9 103&E· ll 9.31323E·1O 7.07223E-09 2.98023E.()8 9.09495E'()8 2.2631 I E'()7 4.89 148E.()7
130 2.69329E·11 86 1853E·IO 6 .5447E-09 2.75793E-08 8.4 1653E'()8 2.0943E.()7 4.5266IE'()7
132 2.49534E-II 7.985IE·IO 6.06368E'()9 2.55523E'()8 7.79795E'()8 1.94038E.()7 4. 19392E.()7
134 2.3146E- I I 740672E·1O S 62448E-09 2.370 15E.o8 7.23313E-08 1.79983E-07 3.890ISE-07
136 214934E-11 687789E·10 5.2129E-09 2.20093E-OS 6 .7 1669E.()8 1.67133E-07 3.6 124E..()7
138 1.998().$E-II 6.39373E·10 4.85524E-09 2.04599E-08 6,24388E-08 1.55368E-07 3. J581 I E..()7
140 1.85934E·11 5.9499E-1O 4,5182IE"()9 1.90397E'()8 5.81045E'()8 1.44583E'()7 3. 125E.()7
142 1.73204E·11 5.54253E·IO 4.20886E'()9 1.7736 I E.()8 5.41263E'()8 1.34684E'()7 2.9 1104E.()7
144 1.6 1506E-[ I 5. 16818E·1O 3.9H59E'()9 1.65382E.()8 5.04705E-08 U5587E.()7 2.71442E-07
148 1.40829E-11 4.50652E·10 3,422 14E-09 IA4209E-08 4.4009E-08 I .0950SE"()7 2.3669IE-07
150 1.31687E-11 4.2I399E·1O 3.2E-09 1.34848E..()8 4.1 1523E-08 1.024E-07 2.21327E-07
152 1.23249E-11 3.94396E·1O 2.99494E'()9 U6207E.()8 3,85 152E-08 9.5838 IE'()8 2.07 144E..()7
154 I.I>tSIE-11 3.69442E·1O 2.80545E.()9 1.1822 1E.()8 3,60783E-O& 8.97744E'()8 1.94038E'()7
156 1.08237E- 11 3.46359E-1O 2.63017E-09 1.1O&35E-08 3.38242E.()8 S,41 653E-O& 1.81914E-07
158 1.01558E·II 3.24986E-1O 2.46786E.{)9 1.03995E-O& 3. 17369E-08 7.897 16E-O& 1.70689E.{)7
160 9.53674E·12 3.05176E-1O 2.3 1743E-09 9.76563E.{)9 2.98023E-O& 7.4 I 577E-OS 1.60284E-07
162 89624IE-12 286797E- IO 2. 17787E-09 9. 17751E-09 2.80075E.()8 6 .969 17E'()8 1.5063 IE-07
164 8. 42909E· 12 2.6973IE·IO 2.04827E'()9 8 .63 139E'()9 2.63409E.()8 6.55446E'()8 1.41668E..()7
166 7.9334E-12 2, 53869E- 10 1. 92782E'()9 8. 1238 1E-09 H79 19E'()8 6 . 1690IE.()8 1.33337E'()7
23 8
168 7,47229E-12 2.391I3E-1O 1.81577E.09 7.65 162E-09 2.33509E-O& 5.81045E..()8 1.25587E-07
170 7.()4296E- IZ 2.25375E-1O 1.711 H E-09 7.211 99E-09 2.20093E-<lS 5A766 I E..()8 1.18371E..()7
172 6.6419E-12 2. 12573E-10 1.61422E-<l9 6.80233E-<l9 2.0759 IE-<l8 5. 16552E-<l8 L1I6HE.()7
174 6.2698E- 12 2.00634E-1O 1.52356E'()9 6.42028E'()9 1.9593 1E-<l8 4.8754E.()8 1.05377E.()7
176 5921l7E- 12 1.89-'9£-10 IA3894E-<l9 6.0636SE.()9 1.85049E-<l8 4.6046IE-<l8 9.95238E-<l8
178 5 .59629E·12 1.79081E- IO 1.3599£-09 5.7306E..Q9 1.74884E..()8 4 .3S 167E'()S 9A0568E..()8
180 5.2922 IE-12 1.6935 1E-1O 12860 1E-09 5.41923E-09 1.65382E"(}8 -I . I I 523E"()& 8.89463E-<l8
182 5.00775E-12 1.60248E-10 1.21688E-09 5. 1279-1E-09 1.56492E-<l8 3.89403E-<l8 8.41653E-<l8
184 4.74145E-12 1.51726E-1 0 1.15217E'()9 4.85524E'()9 1. 48 17E'()8 3.68695 E.()! 7.96895E'()8
186 4.49195E-12 1.43743E-1O 1.09154E'()9 4.59976E-09 1.40J74E.()8 J.49294E'()8 7.l496JE'()8
188 4.25805E-12 1.36258E-1O 1.0347 1E-09 4.36024&09 L33064E-08 3.3 11 06E-O& 7.1565E-08
190 -I .0386IE-12 1 29236E-1O 9.81382E- IO 4. 13554E-09 1.26207E-08 3. 14042E-08 6.78769E-08
192 3.8326E- 12 1.22643E-1O 9.31323E-1O 3.92459E-09 1.i9769E-08 2.98023E-08 6.441 46E-08
194 J.6J90SE-12 L1645E-1O 8.84296E-10 J.72642E-<l9 L1 J72IE'()8 2.82975E.()8 6.1162E'()8
196 3.45716E-12 L10629E-1O 8.4009E- 10 J.54<lIlE'()9 I .08036E-08 2.68829E'()8 5.8 1045E'()8
198 J.28605E-12 1,05154E-1O 7.9851E-10 J .J6491E-<l9 1.02689E.()8 2.55523E'()8 5.52286E'()8
200 J.I2lE-12 IE-IO 7.59375E-IO 3.2E-09 9.76563E-09 2.43E-<l8 5.25219E-08
1.2 Event E2 - Any symbol five times (quintet)
The probability of E, is p eE, ) = t (;)', where p is the
number of distinct symbols of the machine and cj are the

distributions of the p symbols on a reel. For applying this formula,
we must compute the probability of event E, for each of the p
symbols and add them up_ This can be done by using p times the
results of the previous section 1. 1_
1.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly four times
The probability of E3 is P( E3) = 5c\ ts- c) , where t is the

t
239
Table ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol occurring four
times on a payline
r---..£... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 2 . %875E~5 0.00045 0.002 15 1563 0.0064 0 .0 14648438 0.02835 0.0487703 13
22 2037' E'{)S 0.0003 1046 1 O.()()! 493122 O.()().I470634 0.0 10308264 0.020 11 785 1 0.03494 1377
24 IA"·125E-05 0.000221033 0.00 1068 11 5 0.0032 1502 1 0.007456713 0.0 14648' 38 0.02563037
26 105207E-05 0000161597 0 .000784 0.002370096 0.00552335 0.010907828 0.0 19 197692
28 7S44 1I E~ 0.000120857 0000588308 0.00 178497 1 0,0041 76262 0.008283379 0.0 14648" 38
30 5.96708E-06 921811E-05 0'()0045 0.001369547 0.00321502 1 0.0064 0.0 11 362757
32 ' .61936E.{)6 7.15256E-05 0.000350028 0.00 1068 115 0.0025 1457 1 0.00502 1095 0.008944' 22
34 3.63 153E-06 5 .634)7E-05 0,000276326 0.000845 156 0.00 1994589 0.00399336 0.00713397 1
36 2.894 18E-06 4 A9838E-O,5 0.000221033 0.000677404 0 .001602135 0.00321502 1 0.005757682
38 2.33482E-06 J.63-' 75E-O,5 0 .000178898 0.00054925 1 0 .00130 1505 0.0026 1702 O.()().I69684 I
40 1.9043E..()6 2.96875E-05 0.0001 46338 0.00045 0.00 1068 11 5 0.002 15 1563 0.003868799
42 1.56858E..()6 2.44852E.{)5 0.000120857 0.0003 721 75 0.00088' 719 0.00 178' 9 71 0.0032 15021
44 1.l0369E.{)6 2.037.J E..()S 0.000 100687 0.0003 1046 1 0.0007390 12 0.00 1493 122 0.002693398
46 1.092.4 3E-06 170905E-05 8...1 55-4£-05 0.00026 10 18 0.000622078 0.001258479 0.0022732
48 9.22278E..()7 lA ..... 25E-05 7. 15256E-05 0 .00022 1033 0.000527366 0.00 1068 115 0 .00 193170 1
50 0.000000734 0000012288 0.000060912 0.000 1884 16 0 .000-1 5 0.0009 123&4 0,00 1651888
52 6.70693E.{)7 105207E.{)5 5.21957E.{)5 0.000 16 1597 0.000386306 0.00078' 0.00 1420882
54 5.7713 5E.{)7 905992E.{)6 H9838E'{)5 0.000 13 9383 0.000333 ' 86 0.000677' 04 0.00 1228828
56 ' .99336E.{)7 7.8.... I IE-06 3. 8975-1E-05 0.000 1 20~57 0.000289388 0.000588308 0.00 1068 115
58 4 H2 15E.()7 6.82556E-06 3.3937JE.()S O.OOO I 05J()t) 0.00025234 0.0005 13379 0.000932808
60 3.79372E-07 5.%708E-06 2.%875E-OS 9.2 18 11E-05 0.00022 1033 0.000"5 0.0008 18242
62 3.32921E.{)7 5.239-11E-06 2.60825E'{)5 8. 10363E-05 0.000 19-143 1 0.000396 1 0.00072072
64 2.93367E.{)7 4.6 1936E.{)6 2.3OO83E'{)5 715256E'{)5 0.000 1717 13 0.000350028 0.00063729
66 2595 16E'{)7 ·t 08837E-06 2.0374E'{)5 633697E'{)S 0.000 1522 16 0.0003 1046 1 0.00056558 1
68 2 .3 ~09E-07 3.631;3E-06 1.8 106 IE-05 5.634)7E-05 0.000 135-109 0.000276326 0.000503672
70 2.05272E.()7 3.23675E..()6 1.6145 1E-05 5.026.J8E-OS 0.000 120857 0.000246754 0.000"5
72 1.8347E-07 2.89-1 18E-06 1A""" 25E-05 .. ...I9838E-05 0.000 108209 0.000221033 0.000403286
74 1.64-I88E-07 2.59576E.{)6 1.29585E'{)5 ' 03784E'{)5 9.7 1719E'{)5 0.000 1985 75 0.000362475
76 1...17898E-07 2.33-182E-06 1. 16603E-05 3.63475E-05 8.75065E-05 0.000178898 0.000326696
78 1.33J.l8E-07 2_10587E..Q6 1.05207E-05 3.28072E'{)5 7.90132E-05 0.000 16 1597 0.00029522 1
80 U05-'-'E-07 1.90-'3E-06 9.5 169 I E..Q6 2.96S75E-05 7. I 5256E-05 0.000 1-'6338 0. 000267 ~4 5
82 1.09HIE-07 1.72628E-06 8.63004E.{)6 2.69299E-05 6.4904E.{)5 0.000132837 0.000242859
84 9.9232E-oS 1.56858E-06 7.84411 E.{)6 2A4852E-05 5.903 11 E'{)5 0.000 120857 0.00022 1033
86 9.03' 35E.{)8 I A2849E-06 7. 1-'5ME-06 2.23 11 6E'{)5 5.38075E'{)5 0.000 11 0 198 0.00020 1603
240
88 8.N1M2E-08 1 .30369E~ 6.5232E-06 2 . 0)7~ E~5 4.9 1-l9E-05 0.000100687 0.000184261
90 7.536 1I E-!l8 Ll 9223E-!l6 5.96708E-!l6 1.8642 IE-!l5 4.49838E-!l5 9.2 181IE-!l5 0.000 168744
92 6.90J55E-!l8 1.09243E-!l6 5.46897E-!l6 1.70905E-!l5 4. 12S06E-!lS 8.4SS4E-!lS 0.0001S4825
94 6.33598E-!l8 1.00286E-!l6 5 .02177E-06 I. 56969E-!l5 3.78966E-!l5 7.7699SE-OS 0.000142312
96 5.82556E-08 9.22278E-07 ~ . 6 1 936E-06 1 44425E-05 3.48767E-05 7 15256E4)5 0.000131038
98 S.36j5IE-08 8.49632E-07 4 .2S6-'6E-06 1.33 109E-05 3.215 16E-05 6 .S9527E.Q5 0.000 1208.57
100 4.95E-!l8 0000000784 3.9285E-!l6 0 .000012288 296875E-!l5 0000060912 0000111647
102 4.57394E-!l8 7.24.585E-07 3.63 153 E-06 L1 36 15E-05 2.7455E-!l5 5.63437E-!l\ 0.000 103296
104 4.23292E-!l8 6.70693E-!l7 3.36209E-!l6 1.0\207E-!l\ 2.\ 4284E-!lS \ .21957E-!l\ 9.l7 122E-!l5
106 3.923IIE-08 6.21719E-07 3. 11719E-06 9 .7562E-06 2.3.5853E-05 .. 8-1223E.o5 8881 13E-05
108 3.6411 2E-08 5.77135E-07 289418E..Q6 9.05992E.(l6 2. 19063E-05 4.49838E-05 8.2521 1E-05
110 3.38402E-08 5.36-'76E-07 2.69076E-06 8.42466E-06 2.0374E-05 4. 1845 IE-05 7.67779E-!l5
112 3. lm2E-!l8 4.99336E.()7 25049IE-!l6 7.844llE-!l6 1.89733E-!lS 3.8975-*&05 7. 15256E.(IS
114 2.9344 3E-!l8 4.65354E-!l7 2.33482E-!l6 7.3127 IE-!l6 1769 1E.(I5 3.63475E-!l5 6.67 147E.(I\
116 2.7376\E-!l8 4.3 -1215£-07 2. I 7893E..Q6 6.82556E-!l6 1.65 152E-05 3.39373E-05 6.230 15E-!l5
118 2.55709E.(I8 -I.05631E-07 203\84E-!l6 6.3783£-06 1.54354E-05 3. l n36E-05 5.82472E-05
120 2.39 117E-08 3.79372E-07 1.9043 E--06 596708E-06 1.44425E-05 2.96875E-05 5.45173E"()5
122 2.2385E.(I8 3.55 199E..()7 I.7M321E-06 5 . 588 -l 7E~ 1.3528 1E-05 2.7R 12 1E-05 5.10812E-!l5
124 Ht9781 E-08 3.3292IE.(17 16716E--06 5239-lIE.()6 1.26849E"()S 2 60825E.(I5 4 .79115E-05
126 1.%8O IE-08 3. 12363E-07 1.56858E-!l6 -l.9 17 I 9E-06 1. 19065E-OS 2A-l852E-05 " 49838E-OS
128 1.84809E-!l8 2.93367E.(I7 1.47338E-!l6 4 .6 1936E-06 1. 11 868E-05 2.300S3E-!l\ 4.22764E-!l5
130 I. 737 17E-08 2.7\793E-!l7 138529E-!l6 4.34374E-!l6 1.05207E-!l5 2 .16-II IE-05 3.97695E-!l\
132 1.63H5E-08 259516E.(I7 1.30369E--06 408837E--06 990339E-!l6 20n-' &05 3 744\7E.(I5
134 1.5392 IE-08 2.44422E-07 12280 1E-06 3.3S 149E-06 9.33073E-!l6 1.91982E-05 3.52892E-!l5
136 1.45081E.(I8 230409E.(I7 I.I S7HE.{)6 3.63153E-06 8 .798R7E-06 1.8 106 IE-05 3 .32857E"()'
138 I.36866E"()8 2 17387E-07 1.09143E-06 3-'270-lE-06 8.30436E-!l6 1.70905£.(1\ 3 1-l223E-05
140 1.29224E-08 2.05271E-!l7 1.03 166E-!l6 3.23675E-06 7.8441 IE-!l6 1.6 145 1E.(I5 2.96875E-!l5
142 1.22109E-!l8 1.93989E.(I7 9.750'3E-07 3.05948E-!l6 7.4 153E.(I6 1.5264 IE-!l\ 2.80708E.(I5
144 I . I 5-I76E-08 183 ·HE~7 922278E-07 289418E-!l6 70154E-!l6 1 -l-W25E-05 2.65626E.()5
148 1.03509E-08 1.64488E-07 8270 17E-07 2.59576E-06 6 .29329E-06 1.29585E-05 2 .38382E-05
150 9.8107E-09 1.559 18£-07 0.000000784 l.46097E-!l6 5.96708£-06 0.000012288 2.26069E.(I5
152 9.3OS27E-09 IA7898E-07 7.4 37-l-lE-07 2 33482E-!l6 S.66173E.Q6 I. 16603E-OS 2.1"*542E-OS
154 8.83 197E-!l9 1.40388E.(17 7.06038E.(I7 2.21665E-!l6 5. 37567E.(I6 Ll O722E-!l\ 2.0374E"()S
156 8.3RK39E-09 1.333-*8E-07 6.70693E-07 2. 10587E-!l6 5. 107-'5E ..()6 1.05207E-05 1.93609E.(I5
158 7.9723 1E-09 1.267-l5E-07 6 .3 7531E-07 2.0019IE-!l6 4.85575E.()6 1.00031E-05 1.84IE.(I5
160 7.58171E-09 1.20S"*4E-07 606394E-07 1.90-l3E-06 4.6 1936E-06 9 .5169IE..()6 1.75168E-OS
162 7.21H4E-09 1.I"*7 19E-07 5.77 I35E ..07 1. ~ 1 256E-!l6 4.397 18E-06 9.05992 E-06 1.6677E-!l\
164 6 .8697 IE-09 1.09241E.(17 549619&07 1.72628E-!l6 4. 1882E-!l6 8.63004E-!l6 15887E.(I\
166 6.54\06E.(I9 104086£.(17 5.2172-tE-07 I 64507E-06 3.99 149E-06 822535E-!l6 151·H2E-05
241
168 6.23936E-09 9.9232E-08 ~ . 99336E-07 156858E-06 3.8062E-06 7.8"'41IE~ 1.4.J425E"()'s
170 5.95 I 3E-09 9A6574E-OM 4.1635 I E..()7 1 "'9649E-06 3.63153E-06 lA8.l7E-06 1.37g1gE'()5
172 5.6796gE'()9 903o'35E-08 ·U-l673E'{)7 1.42849E.()6 3.46676E.()6 7. 14564E.()6 1.3 15g4E'()5
174 54233gE.()9 8.62725E.()g 4.3'215E.()7 1.36431E.()6 3.3 11 24E.()6 6.g2556E.()6 1.25699E.()5
176 518137E"()9 8.24281E-08 ·U4895E-07 1.30369E..()6 ), 16"HE-06 6.5232E.()6 1.20 139E.()5
178 '" 95271E-09 787957E.{)8 3.%637E-07 1,246" 1E-06 ).02549E...Q6 6. 2374E-06 1. '-I884E-05
180 '" 73653E.{)9 7.5]61IE-08 3.79372E"{)7 1 19223E-06 2.8941 8E..()6 5.96708E-06 ) .099 12E-05
182 .. 53202E-09 7.21 117E-08 3.63037E-07 1, 1-,"097E..06 2.7699IE-06 5.71 12-1E-06 1.05207E-05
184 ·U38UE-09 690355E.()8 347572E.()7 l.09243E.()6 2.65225E.()6 5.46897E.()6 l.OO75E.()5
186 -4 . 15506E-09 6.61216E.()g 3.3292 1E.()7 1.04645E.()6 254076E.()6 5.23941E.()6 9.65274E.()6
188 398128E..()9 633598E-08 319034E-07 l00286E.()6 2A3507E-06 5.02177E.()6 9.25234E-06
190 3.8 16.J9E'{)9 607407E-08 305864E-07 9.615 12E-07 2.33482E-06 4.8 1532E-06 8.87248E-06
192 3.66014E"()9 5.82556E-08 293367E-07 9.22278E-07 2.23968E-06 -'.6 1936E-06 8.5I I92E-06
194 J.S II7I E-Q9 5.58962E-QS 2.S J501E-07 8.85Q24E-Q7 2.14933E..Q6 -IA3J27E-{)6 8. 169-19E-{)6
196 3.J7Q73E~9 5.3655 1E.()8 2.70229E'()7 8.49632E'()7 2.06349E.()6 4.25646E.()6 7.84411E.()6
198 3.23676E'()9 5.15252E.()g 2.595 16E.()7 g15992E.()7 1.9g19E.()6 4.0gg37E.()6 7.53476E.()6
200 3.10938E-09 -I .95E-08 2.49328E-07 0.00000078' 1. 9O-I3E..()6 3.9285E.()6 7.24052E.()6
1.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly four times (quadruple)

5(C)4(t-C)
The probability of E4 is P(E4) = I p
1 5 I, where p is the
1= 1 t
number of distinct symbols of the machine and ci are the
distributions of the p symbols on a reel. For applying this formula,
we must compute the probability of event E3 for each of the p
symbols and add them up. This can be done by using p times the
results of the previous section 1.3 .
1.5 Event E5 - A specific symbol exactly three times
The probability of E5 is P(E5) = 10C3(~- C)2 , where t is the

t
number of stops of a reel and C is the distribution of that symbol on a
242
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring three
times on a payline
c I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 OJ)() 1128125 0 .008 1 0 .024384375 00512 0087890625 0. 1323 01811-16875
22 0 .000855707 0.0062092 13 0.0 18912875 0 .040235702 0.070096 196 0 . 107295205 O . 1 497~876
24 0.0Q066.I354 0.004862719 0.01495361) 0.032150206 0 .0566710 17 0.087890625 0,124490369
26 0.000526033 0.003878339 0.012021335 0.026071054 00.6396141 00727 1885 0 10.2 16044
28 0.000423582 0.003142292 0.009805136 0.0214196-'7 0.038421607 0.060744779 0 .087890625
30 0.000346091 OJX)258107 0.0081 0.01780-:115 0 .032150206 0.0512 0 .074669547
32 0.0002864 OJXl2 1.. ,5767 0.006767213 0.01 4953613 0 ,027 157366 O.W)516159 0063888729
34 0.0002 3%8 1 0.001802998 0.0057 10742 0.0 12677333 0 .0 2313723) 0.03727 1359 0.055033491
36 0 .000202593 O.OO1529H 0.004862719 0.010838456 0.0 19866.09 0.032 150206 0.0.7706506
38 0.1)00172777 00013085 1 0.004 174283 000933i268 0.0 17179871 002791-l877 0 .0.1600593
40 0.000148535 0.0011 28 125 0.003609668 0,008 1 0.0149536 13 0.02438-+375 0.036477246
42 0.000 128624 0.000979408 OJ)()) 1..2292 0.007071324 0.0 13093839 0,02 1"'9647 0.032 150206
44 O.c)()() J1 2118 0 .000855707 0 .002752 125 0.0062092 13 0 .0 1152858 1 00 18911875 0 ,02s..t73063
46 9.83 186E-05 OJ;0075 198 0 .002423882 0 .005481374 0 .010202076 0.0 16779715 0 .025329941
48 8.6694 1E-05 O.0Q066.I354 0.002145767 0 .0048627 19 0.009070699 0.0 14953613 0.022628494
50 0 .000076832 0 .000589824 0.00 1908576 0.004333568 0.008 1 0.01338163 2 0.020294624
52 6.84106E-05 0.000526033 0.00 1705058 0.003878339 0 .007262548 0.0 1202133 5 0.0 18268481
54 6. 11763E-05 0'()004 7 1116 0.00 152945 0.003484586 0.006536321 0.010838456 0.01650 1409
56 549269E-05 0 .000423582 0.001377131 0 .003 142292 0 .OO5'XB.509 0.009805 136 0.0 14 9536 13
58 4.95005E-05 0 .00038223 1 0.0012,,",369 0.002843332 0.005349606 0.008898575 0.0 13592349
60 4 ,47659E-05 0.000346091 0.001128 125 0.00258107 0 .0048627 19 0.0081 0.0 12390522
62 4.061 64 E-05 0.00031 4365 0 .0010259 1 0.002350052 0.~33036 0.007393862 0.011325596
64 3.69642E-05 0.0002864 0.000935672 0 .002145767 0 .()()'w52417 0.0067672 13 0 .010378724
66 3,3737E-05 0.00026 1656 0 .000855707 0 .00 1%4462 0 .003714069 0 .0062092 13 0.009534073
68 3.08749E-05 000023968 1 0 .000784596 0.00 1802998 0.003412295 0 .0057 10742 0.008778276
70 283275E-05 0000220099 0.00072 1146 0 .001658737 0.003142292 0.005264092 0.0081
72 2.60528&05 0.000202593 o.0Q066.I3 54 0.00 152945 0.002899994 0.004862719 0.007489595
74 2 40153E-05 0000186894 0 .000613369 0.00 14 13245 0.00261:1 1943 0 .00450 1041 0.0069388 12
76 22 1848E-05 0000 172777 0 .000567468 0.00130851 0 .002485185 0.004 174283 0.1)064-'0571
78 2.05 356E-05 0 .000 160046 0.000526033 0 .0012 13865 0 .002307 187 O.()03878339 0.005988772
80 1.9046E-05 0.000148535 0.000488535 0.00 11 28 125 0.002145767 0.003609668 0.005578 146
82 1.7697E-05 0.000 138102 0.000.54515 0.001050267 0.00 1999043 0.003365206 0.00520.121
84 1.6-t 725E-05 0 .000 128624 0.000423582 0 .000979408 0 .001865382 0.003 142292 0.004862719
86 1.53584E-05 0.0001 19993 0.000395392 0.0009 14777 0 .00 1143363 0.002938607 0.004550468
243
88 1.4 3~25E-05 0,0001121 18 OJ)OO3696....S 0 .000855707 0 ,00163 1747 0.0027.52 125 0.00426433
90 1.34143E-05 0.0001049 16 0.000346091 0 .0008016 12 0.00152945 0.00258107 0.00400 1638
92 1.25(j45E~5 9.81186E~5 0.000324492 000075198 0.00143552 0.002423882 0.OO17600·ll
94 117849E~5 9.12627E..()5 0.000304654 0.000706359 0.001349 121 0.002279 186 0.003537475
96 1.I 0686E-oS 8.6694 IE-05 0 .0002864 O.{)(X)664354 0 .0012695 11 O.OC)2 145767 0.0033321
98 1.04091E-OS 8. I 5647E-05 0 .000269576 0.0006256 12 0 ,00119604 0 .002022549 0.003142292
100 0 .000009801 0.000076832 0 .000254043 0000589824 0 .001128125 0 .001908576 0.002%6607
102 9.23936E~ 7 . 24585E~5 0.000239681 0.000556713 0.001065253 0.001802998 0.002803758
104 8 . 71982E~ 6. 84 I 06E~5 0.000226381 0000526033 0.001006963 0.00 1705058 0.002652595
106 8 . 23852E~ 6 . 46588E~5 0.0002 14047 0.OO:l497566 0.000952848 0 .00 16 14078 0.00251209
108 7 . 792E~ 6 . 11763 E..(),5 0.000202.593 0 .000471116 0 .000902538 0.00152945 0.002381322
110 7.377I7E-06 5.79394E-05 0.000 19 1941 O.()()t)446.507 0 .000855707 0 .00 145063 1 0.002259463
11 2 6 .99127E-06 5A9269E-05 0 ,000182023 0 .000423582 0.0008 12059 O.OOlJ77I3 J 0 .002 145767
11 4 6.63182E-06 5.21 I97E-OS O.lXlOI72777 0.000402199 0.000771327 0.00130851 0 .00203956<
11 6 6. 29659E~ 4 95005E~5 0000 164146 0.000382231 0.000733274 0.OO1H4369 0.00 1940148
11 8 5 . 98359E~ n05 3 9E~5 0.000156081 0.000363563 0.00069768 1 0.OO I1 84J49 0.001847269
120 5.69099E-06 4..;7659E-05 0 .000 1";8535 0 .000346091 0,000664354 0 .00 11 28 125 OJJOI76013
122 5A 17 16E-06 4 .26 239E.()5 O_OOOI4 1.u;& 0 .00032972 0 .000633 11 5 0.001075-101 0 .00 167838 )
124 5,16062E-06 4 .061ME-05 0 .000134842 0 .0003 14365 0.000603803 0.00102591 0.00 16016 12
126 4.92002E.()6 3.8733E-OS 0.000128624 0.000299949 0.000576273 0.000979408 0.00152945
128 4,69-1 16E-06 3.69642E~5 0.000122782 0.0002864 0 .00055039 0.000935672 0.00 146155";
130 4A8191E-06 35)Ot5E'()5 0.000117288 0.000273656 0.000526033 0.0008945 0.0013976 15
132 4.28226E-06 3.3737E-05 0.000112118 0 .00026 1656 0.OOOl03092 0.000855707 0.001337348
134 ·... 09.. 3E-06 3,22637E-{)5 0 .000107246 0 .0002503-'7 O.0()().I81466 0 .000819124 0 .00 1280494
136 3.9 1718E-06 3.08749E-05 0 ,00010265) 0.000239681 0 .000461061 0.000784596 0.00 12268 15
138 3 . 75012E~ 2.95646E-05 9.83186E-05 0.0002296 12 0.000441792 0.00075198 0.001176092
140 3. 59244E-06 2.83275E-OS 9 . 4 2147E~5 0.000220099 0.000423582 0.000721146 0.001128 125
142 3443-'7E-06 2.7 158-1 E-05 9.03549E-05 0.0002 1t 104 0.000406359 0 .00069 1974 0.001082729
144 3.3 0263E~ 2 60528E~5 8.6694 1E-05 0 .00020259] 0.000390056 0.00066-1354 0 .001039735
148 3.Q4317E.{)6 2.40 153E-05 7.99";SE-{)S 0.000186894 0.000359976 0.000613369 0.000960337
150 2.92359E-06 2 , ]0758E~5 0 .000076832 0 .00017%5 1 0.OOOH6091 0 .00058982" 0 .000923655
152 2.8 JOI9E-06 2 . 2 J 848E~5 7.38785E~5 0 .000172777 0.00033291 0 .000567468 0.0008888 17
154 2.70258E-06 2. I3 J 9E~5 7 . i0745E~5 0.000166149 0.00032039 0.000546228 0.00085;707
156 2.600", E-06 2 . 05 3 56e~5 6 . 84 I 06E~5 0.000160046 0 .t)()()J0849 0.000526033 0.000824221
158 2 . 5033 IE~ J9772IE~5 6 58782E~5 0.000154147 0.000297172 0.000506822 0.00079426
160 2A 1098E-06 1.90 ",6E~5 6 .34692E-05 0 .000 1"8535 0.0002864 OJ)()()"S8535 0 .000765732
162 2.32 3 15E-06 1.8355E-05 6 . 11763E-05 0 .000143 192 0 .000276 143 0 .OOOH1 116 0.000738554
164 2 .23953E-06 1 . 7697E~5 5 . 89924E~5 0.000 138 102 0.00026637 0.000454515 0.0007126-'7
166 2 . 1 5987E~ 1.70701E-05 5 . 691I3E~5 0.00013325 1 0 .000257052 0.000438685 0.000687936
244
168 2.08J95E-06 1.64125E-05 5A9269E..Q,5 0.000 128624 O.OOOH8IM 0 .000423582 o000664lS~
170 2.0115'E.{)6 1.59024E.()5 5.30337E'()S 0 .000 124209 0.00023%81 0.000' 09 163 0 .000641 837
172 1.9m5E.{)6 1.l3584E'()5 5. 12265E.()5 0 .000119993 0 .00023158 0 .000395392 0 .000620326
174 1.87649E.{)6 1.48389E'()5 HlOO5E'()5 0 .000 115%6 0,0002238-4 0 .000382231 0.000599765
176 1. 8 1J48E-06 1.4 3425E-05 4.785 I 2E..(),S O.OOO 11 21 1K 0 .000216441 0.000369648 0 .000580102
178 1.15326E-06 1.3868E-05 4.62743E-O,5 O.IXXH08-l)7 0 .000209364 0.0003576 11 0 .00056 1289
180 1.69568E.{)6 1.341 4 3E-05 4.47659E"()'s 0 .000104916 0 .000202593 0000];6091 0 .00054328
182 1.64059E.()6 1. 2980 IE'()5 4.33224E.()5 0 .000 10 1546 0.000196 11 0.00033506 0 .000526033
184 1.l8786E.{)6 1.256'SE'()5 U9<03E'()5 9 .83186E'()5 0 .000 189901 0 .000324492 0.000509509
186 1.53717E-06 1 .21~E"'()5 4.06IME-O,5 9.52265E-OS 0 .000183951 000031 4365 0 .000493669
188 iA81JE..()6 1. 17849E-05 3.9J476E-Q5 9.22627E-05 O.U<1OJ78147 0.000304654 O,0Q0.l78478
190 1.+l263E-06 1.l4193E-OS 3.81311E..o5 8.9"'201£-05 0.000172717 0.000295339 0.000463904
192 1.39817E.{)6 1.I0686E'()5 3.6%42E'()5 8.6694IE.()5 0 .000167528 0 .0002864 0000449916
194 I.3S552E.{)6 1.07J21E'()5 3.511-1;;E'()5 8.40773E'()5 0.000162489 0 .0002778 18 0 .000436411-1
196 1.31459E-06 1.0409 1E-05 3.47695~5 8.1.5647£-05 0 .000 15765 1 OJ)()()269576 0.000423582
198 1.27528E-06 1.00989E-05 3.3 737E-05 7.91512E-OS 0 .000153003 0000261656 0000411183
200 1.23753E-06 0.00000980 I 3.2745 I E.()5 0.000076832 0.000148535 000025404) 0 .000399263
1.6 Event E6 - Any symbol exactly three times (triple)
The probability of E6 is P(E6) = L 10(c f

p
1
(t-c) 2
5 1 , where pis
1= ) t
the number of distinct symbols of the machine and ci are the
distributions of the p symbols on a reel. For applying this fonnula,
we must compute the probability of event Es for each of the p
symbols and add them up. This can be done by usingp times the
results of the previous section 1.5.

5c)c2[ (C)) 3+ 2c) (c 2/ + 2 (c) )2c2+ (c 2/ ]
P( E7 ) = 5 ' where t is the
t
number of stops of a reel and c) and c2 are the distributions of the
two symbols on a reel. This fonnula returns the following tables of
values, each one for one fixed value of c) from 1 to 7 and the values
of t ranging each time from 20 to 200 in increments of 2.
245
Tables of values for the probability of any combination oftwo specific
Table 1: c, = 1
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I--
t
20 0.000009375 0.000065625 0 .00024375 00006.562.5 0.001453125 0 .002821875 0.0049875
22 5.82 114E-06 4.0748E..Q5 0.000 1.5 135 0.00040748 0 .000902276 0.001752 162 0.0030%845
24 3. 7676E-06 2.63732E..()5 9.79577E.()5 0.000263732 0.000583978 0 .00 1134048 0.002004364
26 2.S2496E-06 1.76747E-OS 6.56-1 IJE ..05 0.000 176747 0.00039 1369 0.000760013 0.0013432 79
28 1.743 14E-06 1.l20 19E-OS 4.532 1SE-OS 0.0001220 19 0.000270186 0.OOOS14684 0.000927348
30 123457E-06 8.64 198E-06 3 .20988E-O's 8.6-t198E"()'s O.(X)()191358 0.00037 1605 0.00065679
32 89-W7E-07 625849E-06 2.32458E'{)5 6.25849E-05 0 .00013858 1 0.0002691 15 0 .000475645
34 6.60278E-07 4.62194E-06 I.7IG72E.{l's 4.62 I94E-05 O.OOO I023·n 0 .0001987..... 0.00035 1268
36 4%14SE-07 3 H 302E-06 1.28998E-OS J.47302E-OS 7.69025E-OS 0.000 14934 0.000263949
38 3. 7862E-07 2.6SOHE-06 9.84411 E-06 1.65034E-!>S S. 8686 IE-OS 0.OOO ll J965 0.00020 1426
40 2.92969E-07 2.0S078E-06 7.61719E..Q6 2.0S078E'()S 4.541D2E-05 8.81836E-05 0.000 15S8S9
42 2.29's49E-07 160684E-06 5 .96827E-06 1.60684E-05 3.558E-05 6 .90942E-05 0 .000 12212
44 1.81911E-07 1.27337E-06 4.72967E-06 1.27337E"()5 2.8 196IE"()5 5,4755 I E-OS 9 . 6776~E-05
46 iA 5657E-07 I . OI%E~ 3 . 78709E~ 101%E-05 2.25769E-05 4.38428E-05 7.74897E-05
48 U 77JSE-07 8.2416JE.()7 J .061 18E-06 S.2416JE-06 18149JE-OS J.54J9E'()S 6.26J64E-05
50 0.000000096 0.000000672 0.000002496 000000672 0.00001 . 88 0.000028896 O.ooooSI072
52 7.8905E"()8 5.52335 E-07 2.05153E-06 5.5233;E-06 1.22303E-05 2.3750"£-05 4.19775E..();
54 6.5336E"()8 ~ .57352E-07 1 . 6987~E..()6 .. 57352£...06 1.0127 IE..()5 1.9666 IE"()5 3.47587E-OS
56 5..... 73E-08 3.8 131[E-07 I. .. 163E-06 3 81 3 11 E-06 8.H 33IE-06 1 6J964E-05 2.89796E-OS
58 4.S7068E.()8 3. 1994SE.()7 U 8838E-06 3.19948E-06 7.08456E-06 1.37578E-OS 2.43 16E'()S
60 3.85802E-08 2.70061E-07 100309E-06 2.70062E-06 S.97994E-06 1.1 6 127E-O; 2.05147E-05
62 3.27463E-08 2.29224E-07 S.5 140sE"()7 2.29224E-06 S.0756SE-06 9.85665E-06 1.7421 1E-05
64 2.79397E-08 I 9557SE-07 7.26432E-07 1.9557SE-06 ".33065E-06 S.40984E-06 1."8639E-O;
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154 2A2"''''6E-09 1.I 0833E-08 3.290J4 E..08 7.75828E-08 1.5759E-07 2.88 165E-07 4 .873 17E-07
156 2.21298E-09 I.03908E-O& 3.0s..l76E-O& 7.27355E-08 1.4 77~4E-07 2.7016E-07 4.5687E-07
158 2. 1J272E-09 9.74958E..()9 2.8944 I E-Ots 6.8247E-08 1.38627E-07 2.53"'89E-07 4.28677£-07
160 2.00271 E'()9 915527E'()9 271797E'()8 6A0869E.()8 1.30177E.()7 2.380J7E.()7 • .02546E'()7
162 1.88211E.()9 8.60J92E.()9 2.5S.29E'()8 6.om.E'()8 1.223J7E'()7 2.2J702E.()7 J.7830JE'()7
164 177011E-09 80919 ) E~ 2 "'0229£-08 5 . ~J5E'()8 1. 15057E-07 2.1039E...()7 3.5.5792£-07
166 1.6660 I E-09 7.61607E..()9 2.26102E-O& 3.33 125E-08 i .08291E-07 1.980 1&E-07 3.34869E-07
168 1.569 I SE-09 7 173"'E-09 2.12%E-08 5.02J38E-08 1.0 1997E..()7 i .86508E-07 3. I S405E-07
170 147902E'()9 676124E.()9 2.0071.E.()8 ... .73287E-08 9.61J64E'()8 1.75792E.()7 2.97283E'()7
172 1.39501E'()9 6.J77J8E.()9 1.89J23E'()8 U~03E'()& 9.06756E'()8 1.65807E.()7 2.80J97E.()7
174 1.3 1666E-09 6.0190IE-09 1.78689E'()8 . 21l3IE.()8 8. 55828E'()8 1.56494E.()7 2.64648E.()7
176 1.24353E..()9 5.6&",7E-09 i .68765E-O& 3.97929E-08 8.0829"'E-O& 1.47802E-07 2.49949E-07
178 t.I7522E-09 5.37244E-09 1.59494E-O& 3. 7607E-O& 7.63893E-08 1.39683E.()7 2.362 19E-07
180 i . 111 37E-09 5.08053E"{)9 1.50828E.()8 3.55637E-08 7.22387E'()8 i .3209"'E-07 2.23J84E'()7
182 i .05 163E-09 4.8074.E.()9 1.4272 1E-O& J.3652IE'()8 6.83559E.()8 1.24994E'()7 2. 11377E'()7
184 9.9570"'E-10 4.55 179E-09 1.35IJ IE-08 J. I8625E'()8 6 .... n07E-08 1.183HE.()7 2.001J6E'()7
186 9.433IE-1O ·U 1228E-09 1. 2802 IE'()& 3.0 1859E-08 6. 13 I 52E-OS 1.12119E-07 1.89605E-07
188 8.9"'19E-1O ....D8773E-09 i.2IJ54E-OS 2861.IE'()8 5.8 12HE.()8 1.0628IE.()7 1.79732E-07
190 8.48108E-1O 387707E-09 1.1 51E-08 2.71395E-08 5.5127E-O& i .0080"'E-07 1.70.7E'()7
192 8.048HE·10 3.67t,l3E-09 1.09229E-08 2.5755 1E'()8 5.2115E'()8 9.56618E.()8 1.61774E-07
194 7.M206E-1O 3 "'93S I E'{)9 1.03714E-08 2.445 ...6E-O& ....%73 ... E-08 9.083 14E..()8 1.5360SE-07
196 7.2600"'E-1O 3.3 I887E.()9 9.8529JE..()9 2.3 232 1E-08 4.7 1903E-08 8.62907E'()8 1.45927E..()7
198 6.9007&10 3. 1546 1E-09 9.365HE"()9 220822E'()8 4.... 85 ...6E..()8 8.20198E'()8 1.l8704E.()7
200 6.5625E-1O 0.000000003 890625E'()9 0.000000021 4,26563E-O& 0.000000078 I.l I906E.()7

250
specific symbols
The probability of E, 1S PC E, ) = ( c, + c: + c3
r where
results of section 1.1 for C = c1 + c2 + c3 •

events on a payline.
1.9 A specific symbol at least four times

. c4 (5t-4c)
The pro bab I'I'Ity 0 f thi s event IS 5
h . h
' were t IS t e
t
reel. This formula returns the following table of values.
Table ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol occurring at least

four times 00 a paylioe
-t
20
c 1
0.00003
2
0.00046
3
0.0022275
4
0 .00672
5
0.015625
6
0 .03078
7
0 .0540225
22 2 . 0568E~5 0.0003 1667 0,00 1540273 0.001669328 0,0 1091 -1633 0.02 162669 0 .038202572
24 145681E-05 0.00022505 1 0 .001098633 0.OOJJU621 0 .007849J7J 0 .0 15625 0.02174 11 06
26 1 . 06048E~5 0.00016429 1 0.000804452 0.00245628 1 0.005786367 0.0 11 562297 0.0206 12259
28 7.90221E~ 0 .000 122717 0.000602428 0.00 184447 0.001357838 0 .0087352 0.01 5625
30 600823E~ 9.34979E..QS 0.()()().16 0.001411687 0.0033.0621 0 .00672 0 .0 1205"03
32 4 .64916E~ 7 . 2 4792E~5 0 .00035727 0.00 1098633 0.002607703 0.005252838 0 .0094453 1
34 3.65354E-06 5 . 7048E~5 0,000281674 0.000&67693 0.002063368 0 .004 164504 0.007503881
36 291072E.()6 " .55I3E-05 0.00022505 1 0.000694]39 0.001653817 0.003343621 0 .006035639
38 2.J47..... E-06 3.67514E..o5 0.000 18 1965 0 .000562175 0.001340945 0.(1027 15158 O.(l()4908957
40 1.91406E~ 0.00003 0 .000 1487 11 0.00046 0.001098633 0.0022275 0 .00403293
42 1.57623E-06 2 . 4 73E~5 0 .000122717 0.0003800 1 O.OOOtX)863 0.0013444 7 0.003343621
44 1.30976E-06 2 .0568~5 0 .000102161 0 .0003 1667 0.000757961 0.001540273 0.(10279531
46 1. 09728E..()6 i .72458E.{l5 8.57339E..()5 0 .00026599 0.00063725 0.00 1296233 0 .002354802
48 9.26202E..(l7 I A568 I E-05 7.24792E..()5 0 .000225051 0.000539631 0.001098633 0.001997661
50 7.872Em 1.23904E~5 6 . 16896E~5 0 .000191693 0 .00016 0 .000937267 0 .00170567
251
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Z£t>9Z (OO"O 6££t 69000"0 Z6ZOt£000"O t( 9(; (000"0 S"o-3£IS"S "t 9O-3Z96Zt 6 L0-3Z([6C> t~
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130 1.73987E-08 2.76655E-07 1. 39 1S4E..06 4 . 37132£~ 1.<J6O.I8E-05 2. 18506E-05 402222£-05
132 1.63695E-08 2.603 1"E-07 1.3 0976E~ 4.11 3 92E~ 9 . 98lJ7£~ 2.o568E-05 3.7865IE-05
134 i.5-US2E-08 V51 62E-07 l.23J64E-06 3.8752£~ 9.40306£~ 1.93782E-05 3.56782E-05
136 1.... 5295E..()g 2.J1Q97E"()7 I 1 6291E~ 3653S.E~ 886603E..{)6 182732E-05 3.36469E-05
138 1.37066E-08 2. I!S026E-07 I .09728E.06 3.4475 E-06 83668E..{)6 1.72-'58E..o5 3. 17581E-05
140 1.29" IE-08 2.05867E-07 LO)618E.{)6 3 . 25579E~ 7 . 9022 IE ~ 1.62896E-05 0.00003
142 1.22282E-08 1.9"S.3E-07 9.79262E-07 30m1E~ 7A6943E~ l.53988E-05 2836 19E-05
144 1.1 5618E-08 1.83987E-07 9.26202E-07 2 . 9 1 072 E~ 706587E~ 1.4568IE-05 2.68HE-05
148 1.0365E-08 \ ,64939E-07 8.30.39E-07 2 .6 1018E~ 6 .3373 E-06 1.3068E-05 2.40748E..0 5
150 9.82387E..09 1.56339E-07 7.872E-07 247446E-06 6 .00823E-06 1 23904E-05 2.28283E-05
152 9.3 176E-09 1.48293E-07 7.46739E-07 2 34744E-06 5.70025E-06 I 1756 1E..{)5 2. 166 I3E-05
154 8.84352E-09 1.40757E-07 7.088'"E-07 2.2284 7E-06 5.41 175E-06 1.1162E-05 2.0568E.{)5
156 8.39922E-09 1.33695E-07 6.73323E-07 2. 11695E.{)6 5.14127E-Q6 1.<J6O.I8E-05 1.95428E'{)5
158 7.98247E-09 1.27069E-07 6.3 9999E'{)7 2 . 0l2J IE ~ 4 . 887 " 8E~ lOO82E.{)5 1.85807E.{)5
160 7.59125E-09 1.20R5 E..(}7 6.087 11E-07 1.9 1406E-06 4.64916E-06 9.59106E.<J6 l.7677E'{)5
162 7.2237E"()9 I.I5006E-07 5.79312E-07 1.8217"E-06 ".42519E-06 9 . 12962E~ 1.68277E-05
164 6.8781"E-09 1.095 11 E..()7 55 1667E-07 1.73"9 1E..()6 421"55E..()6 869559E~ 1.60287£-05
166 6.55299E-09 1.043"E-07 5.2565 1E-07 1.65] 19E..()6 4.0 1629E.Q6 8.28704E-06 1.52766E-05
168 6.24683E-09 9.9471 1E-08 5.0 11 5 1E-07 1.5762]E-06 3.82955£-06 7.9022IE~ 1.4568 1E-05
170 5.9583SE-09 9 "8828E'{)8 -l.78062E..()7 1.5037E..()6 3.6535"E~ 7.539-l6E-06 U900 IE-05
172 5.68632E-09 9.0556£-08 4.56288E-07 1.4 3529E~ 3. " 8752E~ 7. 19729E~ U270lE-OS
174 5A2965E-09 8M731E.{)8 4.35739E-07 1.37073E-06 3.33083 E~ 6.8W I E~ l.267S3E'{)5
176 5. 18729E-09 8.26177E-08 4.1633-lE-07 1 30976E~ 3. 1828"E~ 6.56924E-06 1.211 35E-05
178 4.9583 1E-09 7.89748E-08 3.97997E-07 1.25214 E..()6 3 . 04298E~ 6.2809 1E-06 1.1 5824E-05
180 4.74182E-09 7.5 5305E-08 3. 8{)658E-07 1.19765E-06 2.91072E~ 6.0082JE~ 1. 10802E-05
182 " S3703E.{)9 7.22719E-08 3.64254E-07 l.l'-E~ 2.78556E~ 5 . 75018E~ 1.060"8E-05
184 4.J4317E"()9 6.91872E"()S JA8724 E"()7 1.09728E-06 2.66706E~ 5.50584E-06 1.0 1547£-05
186 4. 15955 E-09 6.62653E-08 ].340 13E-07 1.05 105£-06 2.5548E-06 5.27434E ..06 9 .7282 3 E~
188 3. 98553E-09 6.3496E-08 3.20069E-07 1.00722E~ 2.44838E-06 5.0S.88E~ 9 J239 E~
190 3.82053E-09 6.08699E-08 3.06846E-07 9.65648E-07 2.34744E-06 4.84672E-06 8 .9.w36E~
192 3.66397E-09 5.83782E'{)8 2.9"298E.{)7 9.26202E"{)7 2.2516SE~ 4.649 16E-06 8 .576H E~
194 3. S1535E-09 S.60 12 7E-08 2.82385E-07 88875E'{)7 21 607E~ 4.46157E~ 8 . 2J()66E~
196 3.37419E"{)9 5.37658E-08 2.71069E-07 8.53172E-07 2.0743£-06 4 . 2 833 "E ~ 7 . 9022IE~
198 3 .2 ~E-09 5. 16304E-08 2.603 14E..()7 8.19357E..()7 1.992 17E-06 4. 11392E-06 7.58999£-06
200 3. 1125£..Q9 4.96E-08 2.50088E-07 7.872E-07 1. 91406E-06 3.9528&06 7 .293 ~E.{)6
25 3
1.10 A specific symbol at least three times
The pro bb 'l' fh' , c 3 (10t 2 -15ct+6c 2 ) h '
a 1 Ity 0 t IS event IS 5 ' were t IS
t
the number of stops of a reel and c is the distribution of that symbol
on a reel. This formula returns the following table of values,
Table ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol occurring at least

three times on a payline
c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
~
t
20 OJ)I) 11 581Z5 0.00856 0 .0266 11 875 0.05792 0. 103515625 0. 16308 0.235 169375
22 0.000876275 0 .006525883 0.020453 14 8 0.04490503 0.081010829 0. 12892 1894 0 ,187951332
24 0.000678922 000508777 0.0 16052246 0.035-193827 0.064520188 0.1035 15625 0 .15223 1475
26 O'(XlO536638 0.00.0. 2629 0.0 12825787 0.028527))6 0.052 182508 0.08. 28 1147 0 .124828303
28 0.000. 31.84 0.001265009 0.010.0756. 0 .0232~ 1I 6 0.042779.46 0 .069. 79979 0 .103515625
30 0000352099 0 .002674568 0 .00856 0.0 192 15802 0.035493827 0.05792 0 .086723951
32 000029 1049 0 .002218246 000712-1-184 0.0 16052246 0 ,029765069 0 .048768997 0.07333-1038
34 0.OOOW))4 0.001860046 0 .00599W 7 0 .0135. 5026 0.02520060 1 0 .04 1435863 0 .062537372
36 OJ)()()20550J 0.00 157-1963 0 .00508777 00 11532795 0 .02 1520296 0.0 3549382 7 0.053742 145
38 0.000 175 12. 0.00 134526 1 0.00. 3562.7 0.009899443 0.0 185208 16 0 .030630035 0.0.650955
40 0.000 150-149 0.00 11 58 125 0.003758379 000856 0 .016052246 0 .0266 11 875 0 .040510 176
42 0 .000130 2 0.(.101004 138 0 .003265009 0OO7~5133~ 0 .0 "'"00247 0 .023264 11 6 0.0 35493827
44 0.000 113427 0.000876275 0 .002854286 0006525883 0.012286541 0 .020453 148 0 .03 12683 73
46 9.9~1 59E"()5 0.000769226 0 .0025096 16 0.005747363 0 ,010839327 0 .018075948 0.02 7684 743
48 8.7620JE-{)5 0.000678922 0 .002218246 0.00508777 0.0096 10329 0 .0 16052246 0.024626 155
50 7.76192E-05 0.0006022 1. 0 .00 1970266 0.00. 52526 1 0 .00856 0 .0 143 18899 0.022000294
52 6 .9084E-05 0.00053663& 0 .00 1757893 0,004042629 0.<)()7657Q73 0.0 12825787 0.019733568
54 6 . 17556E-05 0.OOO~802 4 6 0 .00 1574963 0.0036262 0.0068766 13 0.0 11 532795 0.0 1776684 1
56 5.542&IE-05 0.00043 1484 0.00 14 16548 0.003265009 0'()()6 198571 0.01O-W7564 0.016052246
58 4.99363E-05 0 ,000389105 0001278677 0.0029502 0.005606707 0 .009423802 0.01 4550763
60 ~ ,51 4 66E-05 0.000352099 0 .00 11 58 125 0.002674 568 0.00508777 0.00856 0.013230378
62 409504E-05 0'()003 19639 0 .001052258 0.002432206 0.00. 630879 0.00779845 0.01206466 1
64 3.72585E-{)5 0.0002910. 9 0.000958906 0.0022 18246 0 .004 2270~ 0 .007 1 24~ 84 0.0 11 03 1667
66 J.J997.E-{)5 0.00026577 0 .000876275 0 .00202865 0.00386878 1 0 .006525883 0 .0 10 113074
68 31 H)6E-05 0 .000143334 0 .000802869 0 .00 1860046 0.003549853 0 .00599241 7 0 .009293507
70 2.85333E-05 0.000223355 0 .00073 7~ 36 0.00 170961 I 0.003265009 0 .0055 15473 0.00856
72 2.62 368E-{)5 0 .000205503 0 .000678922 0001574963 0 .003009818 0 .00508777 0 .00790 1567
74 2.41 802E-{)5 0.000189505 0.000626437 0001454085 0 .002 780523 0.004703 12 1 0.00730886 1
254
76 2 .2333E~5 0.00017512.- 0.000.57922'- 000 1345261 O.l>025nn4 0 ,004356247 0006773895
78 2.06693E-O; 0.000 162 163 0.000536638 0 .00 1247027 0.002387282 0.004042629 0.00628981;
80 1.9 1669E-05 0.000 15Q.149 0.000498126 0.001 1;8 125 0.0022l8H6 0.003758379 0.00585072 1
82 I.78066E-05 0.000139837 0.000463211 O,OOlOn"74 0.00206479 0.003500141 0.005451513
84 1.6572E-05 0 .000 1302 O.OOO·n I4 ~ 0.00 100. '1 38 0 .001925 16 o00326501YJ 000508777
86 1.54489E-05 0.000 12 1428 0.000402589 0.000937307 0,001797835 0 .0030504,57 0.004755644
88 lA41.5IE-05 0.000113427 OJX)()376217 0 .000876275 0001681488 0002854286 0,004451776
90 1.3 4898E-05 0.000 106 114 0.000352099 0.000820428 0.00 1;74963 0.002674568 0.004 173228
92 1.26336E-05 9.941 59E-05 0.000329998 0.000769226 0.00 14 77245 0.0025096 16 0 .0039 174 19
94 1.18484E-05 9.327E-05 O.()(x)309709 0.000722196 0.0013&7443 0,0023.57945 0.003682077
96 1.1 1269E-05 8.76203E-05 O .OOO29 1~9 0000678922 0.00 1304771 OJ>022 18H6 OJ)()H65 198
98 1.04629E-05 8.24 178E-05 0.00027]859 0.000639037 0.001228537 0.002039362 OJ)()3265009
100 9.8506E-06 7.76192E..o5 0.000257996 O.()(X)6()2214 0,00115812.5 0.00 1970266 0.00307993'
102 9.28519E-06 7J1859E'()5 0.000243334 0.000568167 0.00 1092991 0.00 1860046 0002908576
104 8.76224E-06 6.9084E.()5 0.000229763 0.000536638 0.00 10 32649 0.00 1757893 0.002749688
106 8.27783E..Q6 6.;2829E-05 0.0002 17 182 0.000507399 0.000976666 0 .00 1663081 0 .002602157
108 7.82848E.Q6 6.1 7556E..()5 0 .000205503 0000480246 0 .000914657 000157-1-963 0002-1-6-1-987
110 7 .4 1 107E~ 5.84779E..()5 0.000 19464 7 0 .000454995 0 .000876275 0.00 1-1-92959 0 .002337284
112 7.02282E-06 5.5428IE'()5 0.000 184542 0.00043 1484 0.000831209 0.001-1-165-1-8 0.002218246
114 6.66 121 E-06 ; .25867E'(); 0000175124 0000409565 0.000789181 0.001345261 0.002107152
11 6 6 .32402E-06 4.99363E-05 0.000 166337 0 .000389 105 0.000749938 0 .00 1278677 0.00200334 9
11 8 60092E-06 -1-. 746 1E..()5 0.000 158 127 0 .000369986 0 .0007 13253 OJKlI 2 16-1-1 3 0.00 190625
120 57 149-1- E..Q6 -I-.5 U 66E-05 0.000 150-1-49 0000352099 0.000678922 0.001158125 0.001815323
122 543958&06 4.29803E..()5 0.000 14326 0.000335346 0.000646759 0.00 11 03501 0.001730084
124 5.18 163E-06 4 .09504E-05 0.000136522 0.0003 19639 0.0006 16595 0.00 1052258 0.001 650097
126 -I- 9397-1-E-06 3.90463E'()5 0.0001302 0,00030..898 0.000588278 0 .00100-'138 0.00 1574963
128 4 .7 1267E-06 3.72585E.{)5 0 .000124262 0.00029 10-1-9 0.000561668 0.000958906 0.00 150432
130 4.4993E-06 3. 55782E-05 OJK101 1868 0.000278027 0.000536638 0.000 9 1635 1 0 .001 437837
132 4 2986JE-06 3.3997-1-E-05 0.000 113427 0.00026577 0.000513074 0.000876275 0.001 375213
134 4 10971E-06 J.25088E'(); 0 .00010848 0.000254222 0 .000490869 0.000838502 0.001316172
136 3.93 17E-06 3. 1106E-05 0 .000 1038 16 0.000243334 0. 000469927 0 .000802869 0.00 1260462
138 3.76383E-06 297827E"()5 99",159E-05 0.000233059 0 .000-1-50 159 0.(0)769226 0 .00 120785
140 3.60538E-06 28533 3E-05 952609E-05 0.(0)223355 0.()()C)431 484 0.000737436 0.00 1158125
142 3 .4557E~ 2.7353E-O; 9. 13341 E-05 0.0002 141 8 1 0.00041 3828 0.000707373 0 .001 11109 1
144 33 141 9E-06 2,62368E-05 8.76203E'()5 0.000205503 0.00039 7122 0.000678922 0.00 1066569
148 305353E-06 2 ",1802E-05 80n54E-05 0.000 189505 0 .000366313 O.00062tH37 O.QOO98.U 12
150 2.9334 IE-06 2.32322E ..()5 7.76 192E-05 0,000 182 125 0 ,000352099 0.00060221 4 0.000946-1-84
152 2.8 195IE-06 2.1333E-O; 7.46253E-O; 0.000175124 0.00033861 0.000579224 0.000910",78
154 2.711 "'3E-06 2.14797E.(); 7. 17834E.()5 0.000 168477 0.000325802 0.000557389 0.000876275
255
156 2.60SSE-06 2.06693E.o5 6.90S-tE-05 0.000 1621 63 0.000313631 0.000536638 0.OOOS43764
158 2.51 I 29E-06 1.98992E.o5 6. 65182E~5 0.000156 16 0000302059 0.000516904 0.00081284
160 2A 1 858E~ 1.91669E-05 6.40779E.o5 0.000 150449 O.OOO2910-S9 0.000498 126 0.00078341
162 2.33037E-06 LS",7E.oS 617556E..()S 0.0001450 1'- 0.000280568 0.000480246 0.000755382
164 2.2-1.64E-06 1.78066E-05 5.9544 1E-05 0.000139837 0 .000270584 0.000-1.6321 1 0.000728675
166 2. I 6642E-06 1.7 1745E-05 S.7437E..()5 0.000 13"'904 0.000261068 0.000446973 0.000703212
168 2.090 I 9E-06 1.6572E-05 5.5428 1E.o5 0.0001302 0.000251994 0.000431484 0.000678922
170 2.0175E-06 1.59973E"{)5 5.35 11 8E"{)5 0 .000 1257 12 0.00024333-1 OJ)OO-l'670J 0.000655737
172 \.9-181-1E.(16 1.5"'489E-05 5. 16828E-OS 0000 121428 0.000235067 O.~O2589 0.000633596
174 1.88192E-06 1.4925JE-05 4.99J63E"()5 0.000 117337 0.000227171 0.000389 105 0.0006124-1
176 L81867E-06 144251E-05 .. 82675E-05 0.000 11 3427 0.0002 19624 0,000376217 0.000592215
178 1.75822E-06 J.3947E-05 4.66723E-05 0.000 109689 0.000212407 0.000363892 0.00057287 1
180 1.70042E-06 1.34898E-05 4.5 1466E-05 0.000106114 0.000205503 0.000352099 0.00055436
182 1 .6~51 3E-06 1.30524E-05 ~ .36867E-05 0.000102692 0.000 1988% 0.000)4081 0.000536638
184 1.59221E-06 1.26336E-05 4.2289E-OS 9.9~ 159E-05 0.000192568 0.000329998 0.0005 19663
186 1.54153E-06 1.22J26E.o5 4.095a4E.o5 9.62776E.o5 0.000 186506 0.000319639 0.000503397
188 1.49298E-06 1.1 8484E.o5 3.96676E.o5 9.327E.o5 0.000 180696 0.000309709 0.000487802
190 IA-«N 5E..()6 1 1480IE.Q5 3.84379E-05 9.03863E.Q5 O.OOO175 IH 0.000300 186 O.OOO~ 72845
192 1.4018~E..()6 1. 11269E-05 3.72585E-05 8.76203E-05 0.000 16978 O.f)(10291O~9 0.1)00458492
194 1 .3 590~E-06 1.0788 1E-05 3.61268E-05 8A966E-05 0.000 16465 0.00028228 0.000444715
196 1.3 I 796E-06 1.04629E.o5 3.50405E.o5 8.W78E.o5 0.000 159725 0.000273859 0.00043 1484
198 1.27852E-06 1.0 I 506E.o5 3.39974E-05 7.99706E.o5 0.000154995 0.00026577 0.00041 8773
200 1. 24064E-06 9.8506E-06 3.29952E.o5 776 192E.o5 0000150449 0.000257996 0.000406556

four times
The probability of this event is (C,) 5 + 5( C2 )4(t - C2 ) , where ( is
(5
the number of stops of a reel and c, and c 2 are the distributions of

of values, each one for one fixed value of c, from 1 to 7.
256
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol five times or
another specific symbol four times occurring on a payline
Table 1: c1 = 1
c2 J 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0 ,00003 0 .000450313 0.002151875 O,()()6.4OQ313 O . O14~875 0028350313 0 .048770625
22 2.0568E-05 0.0003 10655 0.00 14933 16 0.004470828 0 .0\0308458 0.020118045 0.034941571
24 1.4568 1E'()5 0.00022 1158 0.00 1068241 0.0032 15 146 0.007456838 0.014648563 0.025630496
26 1.06048E'()5 0.000161682 0.000784084 0.00237018 0 .005523434 0010907912 0019197776
28 7.9022IE.()6 0.0001209 15 0.000588366 0 .00 1785029 0.00417632 0.008283437 0.0 14648496
30 6.00823E.Q6 9.22222E-05 0.0004500-11 0.00 1369588 0 .00)2 15062 0.006400041 0 .0 11362798
32 -U5-'9 16E-06 7.1555-'E..o5 0.0003 50058 OJ)() I068145 0.0025 14601 0005021125 0 .0089.$4452
34 3.653S4E-06 5.63657E-05 0 .0002763-18 0.0008451 78 0 .001994611 0.003993382 0007133993
36 2.91072E.()6 4.50004E-05 0.000221049 0.00067742 0.00 1602 152 0.0032 15037 0.005757698
38 2.34744E-06 3.6360IE'()5 0.00017891 0.000549264 0.001l0 1518 0.002617032 0.004696854
40 1.91406E.()6 2.%973E-05 0.000 146148 O.()()()..i500 1 O.(XH0681 25 0.002151572 0.003868809
42 1.57(,23E.Q6 2A4928E-05 0.000120865 0 .0003 72183 0 .000884727 0 .001784978 0.0032 15028
44 1.30976E.()6 2.038E.()5 0.000100694 0.0003 10467 0.0007390 18 0.00 1493128 0.002693404
46 1.09728E.()6 1 70953E.()5 8.45589E'()5 0.000261023 0.000622083 0.001258483 0.002273205
48 9.26202E'()7 IA-I-I64E-05 7. 15295E'()5 0.000221037 0.00052737 0.00 10681 19 0.00 193 1705
50 7872E..()7 1.22912E..()o5 6.09 152E.()5 0.000 188419 0.000450003 0.000912387 OJ)() 1605 1891
52 6733 2 3E~7 I Oo5233E"()o5 5 21983E"()o5 0.00016 16 0.000]86308 0.00078400] 0.001420884
54 5.79] 12E.()7 9.0621&06 404986E-05 0.OOOJJ9386 0.000333488 0.000677406 0.00 122883 1
56 5.01151E-07 7.84592E.()6 3.89772E.()~ 0 .000120859 0.00028939 0.0005883 1 0.00 1068 117
58 435739E'()7 6 82708E.()6 339389E'()5 0.0001053 1 0.000252341 0.00051338 1 0.00093 281
60 3. 80658E.()7 5.96836E.()6 2.96888E.()5 9.21824E"()5 0.000221034 0.00045000 1 0.0008 18243
62 3.3-WI3E-07 5.2405 I E-06 2.60836E.()5 8.10374E-05 0.000 194433 0.000396101 0.000720721
64 294298E'()7 462029E.()6 2.l0093E.()5 7.15265E'()5 0.000171714 0.000350029 0.000637291
66 2.603 14E.()7 4.08917E-06 2.03748E-05 6.33705E'()5 0.000152217 0.0003 10461 0.000565581
68 2.31097E'()7 3.63222E-06 t .81067E'(); 5.63444E-05 0.000 135409 0.000276327 0.000~03672
70 205867E.()7 3_237HE~ 1.6145 7E-05 5.02654E-05 0.000 120858 0.000246755 0.000450001
72 1.83987E-07 2.8947E-06 1.444 3E~ 5 4.49843E.()5 0.000108209 0.000221033 0.(0)403286
74 1.6-l939E.()7 2.5962 I E-06 1.2959E-05 4.03789E.()5 9.7 1723E-05 0.000 198576 0.000362476
76 1 48293E'()7 2.l3522E.()6 1.16607E.(); 3.63-l79E-05 8.75069E'()5 0.000 178898 0.000326696
78 1.33695E'()7 2.1062IE.()6 L052 1E'()5 3.28075E'()5 7.901l6E.()5 0.000 161598 0.000295222
80 1 . 2085E~7 1.9046E-06 9.5172 1E-06 2.9687RE--Q5 7.15259E-05 0.000 146338 0.000267446
82 109511E-07 L72655E.()6 8.6303IE.()6 2.69302E'()5 6.49043E-05 0.000132837 0.000242859
84 9.947 1IE.()8 1 56882E.()6 7.84435E.()6 2.44854E'()S 5.903IlE.()5 0.000 120858 0.000221033
257
86 9.0556E-{)8 1.4287£-06 7. 14585E-06 2.231 19E-{)5 5.l807JE-{)5 0.000 110198 0.0002016Ol
88 8.26177E-{)8 LlOl88E-{)6 6.52ll9E-{)6 2.0l742E-{)5 4.9 1492E-{)5 0.000 100688 0.000184261
90 755l05E-{)8 1.19HE-{)6 5.96725E-{)6 1.8642lE-{)5 4.4984E-{)5 9.218 12E-{)5 0.000168744
92 691872E-08 1.09258E-06 5 ... 69 13E-06 1.70906E-05 4,12507E.oS 8.45542E-05 0 .000 154825
94 6.3-'96E-O& 1.00299E-06 5.02191£-06 1.5697E-OS 3.78%8E-05 7.76997E-05 0 .000 1-'2312
96 5.83782E-08 9224£.Q7 4.61948£-06 1.44426£-05 3.48768E-05 7. 15257E-05 0 .000 131038
98 517658E-{)8 8497HE-{)7 425657E-{)6 l.llI IE-{)5 3.21517E-05 6.59528E-{)5 0.000 120857
100 4.96E-{)8 7841 E-{)7 3 . 9286E~ 1.2288 1E-{)5 2.96876E-{)5 6.09 J2 1E-{)S 0.000111647
102 458JE-08 7H67SE-07 3. 63 162E-06 I 13616£-05 2.74551E-05 5.63438E-OS 0.000103296
104 4 .24 11 ·IE-08 6.70775E"()7 3.36218E-06 1.05207E-05 2.54285E-05 5.2 1957E-05 9.57 123E-05
106 3.93058E-08 6 .21794E-07 3. 11726E-06 9.75628E-06 2.35854E-05 4.84224E-{)5 8.88113E-05
108 3.64793E"()8 5.77203£-07 2.89425E-{)6 9.05999E-{)6 2.19063E..o5 4.49839E'()5 8.2521 IE'()s
11 0 3.3902lE-{)8 5.36538E-07 2.69082E-{)6 8.42472E-06 2.0374£-05 4.18-'52E-05 7.67779E-05
11 2 3. 15-I89E-08 4.99392E-07 2.S().I96E-06 7 . 8~ 1 7E-06 1.89734E-05 3.89755E-05 7. 15256E-05
11 4 2_93963E.()8 -4 .65-406E-07 2.33-487E-06 7.31276E-06 1.7691E-05 3.63475E-05 6.67 148E-05
11 6 2.7-4H1E-08 -4 .3-4263E'()7 2. 17898E-06 6.8256E-{)6 1.65152E-05 3.3937-4E-05 6.23016E-{)5
118 2.561.u>E.()8 -4.0568IE-07 2.03588E-{)6 6.l78l4E-{)6 1.54355E-O; l.172l7E-{)5 5.82H3E-O;
120 2.3 9519E-08 3.79-4 13E-07 1.90H-tE-06 5.967 12E-{)6 IA-4425E-05 2.96875E-05 5.45171E-{)5
122 2.2-422E-08 3.55236E-07 1.78325E-06 5.5885 IE-06 1.35281E-05 2.78121E-05 5. 10812E-O;
124 210 122E-08 3. 32955E-07 167163E-06 5239-4 5E-06 1.2685E-05 2.60825E-{)5 4.79115E-05
126 1.971 16E-08 3. I 239-4E-07 1.5686 1E-06 -4 ,91722E-06 1.19065E-05 2.-4-4852E-05 -'.49839E-05
128 1851E-{)8 2933 96E-07 1.473-4 1E-06 4.61939E-06 1.11868E-{)5 2.l0084E-{)5 4.22764E-{)5
130 I.7l987E-{)8 27582E-{)7 Ll8Sl2E-{)6 4.l4l77E-{)6 I.05207E-{)5 2. 164 12E-{)S 3.97696E-{)5
132 16l 695E-{)8 2595-1IE-07 LlOl72E-{)6 4.0884E-06 9.90l42E-{)6 20374E-05 l .74458E-{)5
134 \.54 152E-08 24-4445E-07 1.22W3E-06 3.85152E-06 9.33076E-06 1.9 1982E-05 l .S2892E-{)5
136 145295E-08 2.3043 IE-07 I. 15776E-06 3.63155E-06 8.79889E-06 1.8106IE-05 3.32857E-05
138 1.37066E-08 2. 17-107E-07 1.09245E-06 3 -12706E-06 8.30-438E-06 1.7090SE-{)5 3. 1-I223E-05
140 1.29-1IE-08 2.0529E-{)7 L03168E-{)6 3.23677E-{)6 7.844 13E-06 1.6 145 1E-{)5 2.96875E-{)5
142 1.22282E-{)8 1.94006E-{)7 9.7507E-07 l.0595E-{)6 7.4 1532E-06 1.52642E-{)5 2.80708E-{)5
144 1.156l8E-{)8 1.83486E-07 9.2229-1£-07 2.89-'2E-06 7.0 154I E-06 1.44425E-05 2.65626E-{)5
148 1.0365E-{)8 1.6-I502E-07 8.2703 1E-07 2.59577E-06 6.2933E-06 1.29585E-05 2.38382E-05
150 9.82387E-09 1.55931E-07 7.8-4013E-07 2.46098E-06 5.96709E-06 1.2288E-{)5 2.2607E-05
152 9.3 176E-{)9 U7911E-07 7.43756E-07 2.ll483E-{)6 5.66175E-06 1.16603E.()5 2.U5-42E-05
154 8.84352E-09 1.-404E'()7 7.0605E-07 2.21666E-06 5.37568E-{)6 1l0722E-{)5 2.0374E-{)5
156 8.39922E-09 1.33359E-07 6.70703E-07 2.10588E-06 5.107-46E-06 1.05207E-05 1.93609E-05
158 7.982-17E-09 1.26755E-07 6 ,375-4 1E-07 2.00 192E-06 -4.85576E-06 1.00031E-05 1.8-'IE-05
160 7.59125E-09 1.2055-1E-07 6.06-I03E-07 1.9043 IE..{)6 4.61937E-06 9.51692E-{)6 1. 75 168E-05
162 7,2237E-09 1 ,4728E-07 5.7714-4E.()7 1,81257E-06 4.39719E-06 9.0S99lE-{)6 1.6677E-{)5
164 6.8781-4E-09 1.09249E-07 5.49627E-07 1.72629E.()6 4.1882 IE-06 8.6l005E-{)6 1.5887E-{)5
258
166 6.55299E-09 1 .0409~E-07 5.23732E-07 1 64508E-06 399 15E-06 8.22536E-06 151..$32E-05
168 6.24683E-!l9 9.92395E-08 4.993 43E..()7 1.56859E-!l6 3.W62 E-!l6 7.84412E4'l6 1A4425 E-!l5
170 ;.95835E-!l9 9A6645E-!l8 4.76318E-!l7 1.4965 E-!l6 3.63153E-!l6 7.4847E-!l6 1.l78 18E-!l5
172 5.68632E..Q9 9.0350 1E-!l8 4.5468E-07 1.4285E-!l6 346677E-06 7 14564E-06 13 1184E-!l5
174 5.42965E-09 8.6 2787E-08 4.3422 1E"{)7 1.)643 1E-06 3.3 I1HE-06 682556E-06 1.25699E-05
176 5. 18729E-09 8.2434 1E-08 4 . 1490 1E-07 1.30)7£-06 3. 164HE-06 6.5232 E-06 1.20139E-05
178 ..$.9583tE.09 7.88013E-08 3.96642E-07 1.24641E-06 30215E-!l6 62374E-06 1 148s.<E-!l5
180 4.741 82 E-!l9 7, 53664E-08 3.79378E-Q7 1.19224E-!l6 28941 9E-!l6 5.%708E-!l6 1.0991 2E-!l5
182 4.5370lE-!l9 7.2 11 67E-08 3.63042E-!l7 1.1 4097E-!l6 2.76992E-!l6 1.71 m E-!l6 101207E-!l1
184 " .34] 17E-09 6.9<»02E-!l8 ) .47577E.()7 1.092.oE-06 2.65225E-!l6 5A6898E-!l6 l.oo7lE-!l1
186 ". 15955E-09 6.6 126 1E-08 ) ,32926E-07 1.0.u>45E4J6 2.14077E-!l6 5.23942E-06 9 .65274 E-06
188 3.98553E-09 6.336..$ E-08 3. 19039E-07 l.oo286E-!l6 2.4 3508E..oo 5,02178E-06 9.2S234E-06
190 3.82013E-!l9 607-U1E-08 3.05868EAl7 9.615 16E..o7 2.33483E-06 U1132E-!l6 8.87249E-!l6
192 3.66397E-!l9 .5 82594E-08 29337E-07 9.2228IE-!l7 2.23%8E-!l6 4.61936E-!l6 811193E-!l6
194 3.51535E-09 5.58999E-08 2.8 1505E-07 8.S5027E-!l7 2. 14933 E-06 4,43327E-<J6 S.169I E-!l6
196 3.37419E-09 5.36386E-08 270232E-07 8.49635E-07 2.063IE-!l6 4 . 256~E-06 7.S44IIE-!l6
198 3.2~HE-09 5,15285E-08 259519E-07 8.15995E-07 1.98 19E-{)6 408837E.()6 7,53477E-06
200 3. 1125E-!l9 4.9103 1E-!l8 2,4933 1E-07 7.84003E-07 1.9043E-!l6 3.9285E-06 7.14052E-!l6
Table 2: c1 =2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 J.96875E-05 0.00046 0.0021 6 1563 0.0064 1 0.0 14658438 0.02836 0.0487803 13
22 2.65832E-05 0.0003 1667 0.00 1499331 0.()().4476S43 0.010314-*73 0.02011406 0.03494 7586
24 1.84613E-05 0.00022505 1 0.001072134 0.0032 19039 0.007460732 0.0 1-«)52456 0.025634389
26 1.32 14E-05 0,000 16429 1 0.000786693 0.002372789 0.001126043 0,01091052 1 0.0 19200386
28 9.70J45E-!l6 0000 122717 0.000590 168 0.00 178683 0.004178 121 0.00828523S 0.0 14650297
30 7.28395E-!l6 93 4979E-!l1 0.0004513 17 0.001370864 0.0032 16337 0.0064013 17 0.0 11164074
32 3.57303E-06 7.2-*792E-05 0.000310982 0.00 1069069 0.0025 15525 0.005022049 0.OOS9'5376
34 433582E-06 5.7048E-05 0.000277031 0.00084586 0.00 1995293 0.003994064 0.007134675
36 3 4234E-06 4.5513E"(}5 0000221562 0.000677933 0.001602665 0.00321555 0.005758211
38 2.73S6SE-!l6 3.675 14E'()5 0.000 179302 0.000549655 0.001 30 1909 0.002617424 0.004697241
40 2.2 168E-!l6 0.00003 0. 000 1 ~665 0.00045011J O.00 1068U S 0.002151875 0.003869 11 1
42 1813-'3E-06 2.-'73E'()5 0000121102 0.00037242 0.OOOS84%4 0.001785215 0.003215265
44 1.-'9773E-06 2.056SE-!l1 0.000 100S82 0.000310655 0.000739206 0.00 14933 16 0.002693 592
46 I 2478E-06 1,12458E..()5 8.4 7094E-05 0'()OO26 I 173 0.000622233 0.00 1258634 0.002273355
48 104786E-!l6 145681E..(}5 7.165 12E-05 0.00022 1158 0.000127492 O.ool068W 0.001931826
50 8.U4E-!l7 1. 23904E-!l1 6. 10144E-05 0.000 18811S 0.0004S0 102 0.000912486 0.00 161 199
259
- - - - - - - - ---- - - - -
52 7.5-4858E-07 1.060.8E-05 5.22798E-05 0 .000161682 0.00038639 O . 0007840 ~ 0.00 1420966
54 646826E..{)7 9,12%2E-06 ·U0535E-05 0.000139" 53 0 .000333555 0 ,000677473 0 .00 1228898
56 5.5744E-07 7.9022 IE-06 3.90335E-05 0.000 120915 0OOO289~ 0 .000588366 0.001068 173
58 " .82%9E-07 6.87" 3 1E-06 3.3986IE-05 0.000105357 0 .000252389 0 .000513428 0.000932857
60 " .20525E"()7 6.00823E-06 2.97287E-05 922222E-05 0 .000221074 0.000",500-" 0.000818283
62 3.6785IE"'()7 5.27434E-06 2.611 7.JE..()5 8107 12E-05 0.000 19-1466 0.000396135 0 .000720755
64 3.23 169E-07 " .6.J 9 16E-06 2,)038IE-05 7 15554E.{)5 0 .000171742 0 .000350058 0.00063732
66 2.85068E-07 4.11392E-06 2.03995E-05 6 .33953E-05 0000 152242 0 .000310486 0.000565606
68 2.5HI9E-Q7 3.65354 E-06 1.81281E-05 5.63657E"()S 0 ,000135431 0.000276]"8 0 .00050369"
70 22.o1IE-07 3.25579£-06 1.6 1641 E-05 502838E-05 0 .000 120876 0.0002-«>773 0.000450019
72 2.00009E-07 291072E-06 1.4-'59E-05 4.5cxmE-05 0 .000108225 0 .000221049 0 .000403302
74 1.78909E-07 261018E-06 1.29729E-05 4.03928E-05 9 . 7 1 S63E~5 0.00019859 0 .00036249
76 1.60519E-07 2.H 7.J4E-06 1. 16729E-05 3.6360 1E-05 8.75 19 1E-05 0.0001789 1 0 .000326708
78 I ~~~ 3 2E..o7 2.11695E-06 1.053 18£..05 3.28182E..o5 7.9QH3E..{)5 0 .00016 1609 0 .()()O295232
80 1.303 1E..o7 1.91.06E-06 9.52667E-06 2.%973E-05 7. 15353E-05 O .000 1~634& 0.()()O267. 55
82 1.1 7872E-07 1.7 3mE-06 8.63867E-06 2.69386E-05 6.49 126E-05 0.()()o132~6 0 .0002. 2868
84 1.06884E..o7 1 57623E-06 7.85 176E-06 2.44928E-05 590387E-05 0 .000 120865 0.00022 104
86 971~58 E-08 1.43529E-06 7.15H4E-06 2 . 2 3 1 8~ E-05 5.3 8 14 3E-05 0 .0001 10205 0 .00020 16 1
88 8 . 8 ~ 9 1 9E..o8 1.30976E-06 6 .52926E-06 2.0 38E-05 ~ . 9155IE-05 O .OOO I 0069~ 0 .OOO I 8~267
90 8 .0780~E-08 I. 19765E-06 5.9725E-06 18(W76E-O; ~.4 9892E-05 9 . 2 1 865E~5 0.OOO I 687~9
92 7J8907E-08 1.09728E-06 5 .47 383E~ 1.70953E-05 • . 1255.E-05 8.45589E-05 0.00015483
94 6.772E-08 1.00722E-06 5.026I3E..()6 1.57012E-05 3 790IE-05 7.77039E-05 0.()()O 1. 23 17
96 6 .21802E-08 9.26202E-07 4 . 62328E~ 144464E..o5 3.48806E~5 7. 15295E-05 0.00013\042
98 5.7 1953E-08 8.53 172E-07 ~ . 26E-06 133 144£-05 3 21551E-05 6 .59562E-05 0 .000120861
100 5.27E-08 7.872E-07 3.9317£4>6 1.22912E-05 2.96907E-05 6 .09152£0-05 0.000 111 65
102 • .86377E-08 7.27483E-07 3.63443E-06 1.1 364. E-05 2 . 74579£~5 5.63466E-05 0.000 103299
104 4.49594E-08 6 .73323E-07 3.3M72E-06 I 05233E-05 2.543 1E-05 5.2 1983E-05 9.571.8E-05
106 4. 1622 3E-08 6.24 11 E-07 3. 11958E-06 9.75859E-06 2.35877E-05 4.84247E-05 8.88137E-05
108 3.85891E-08 5.79312£-07 2.89636E-06 9.062IE-06 2 . 19084£~5 4.4986£-05 8.25232E-05
110 3.58272E-08 5.38463£-07 2.69275E-06 8.42665£-06 2.0376E-05 4.1&471£-05 7.67798E-05
112 3.3308E-08 5.01151£-07 2.50672E-06 7.84592E-06 1.89752E-05 3.89772E-05 7.15274£-05
11 4 3. 10063E-08 4.67016E-07 2.33M8E-06 7.3 1437E-06 1.76927E-05 3.63492£-05 6 .67 164 E-05
116 289001£"{)& 4.35739E-07 2.18045E-06 6 .82708£-06 1.65 167E-05 3.39389E-05 6 .2303 1E-05
11 8 2.69696E-08 4.07036£-07 2.03723£-06 6 .3797E-06 1.54368E-05 3. 1725E-05 5.82486E-05
120 2.5 1977£-08 3. 80658E-07 1.90558E-06 5.96836£..Q6 1.44438£-05 2.96888E-05 5.45 186E-05
122 2.3569E-08 3. 56383E-07 1.7844£-06 5.58965£-06 1.35293£-05 2.78133E-05 5. 10824E-05
124 2.20697E-08 3. 340I3E-07 1.67269£-06 5.2405 1£-06 I.2686E-05 2.60836E-05 4.79 126E-05
126 2.06877E-08 3. I337E-07 L56959E-06 ~ . 9182E-06 1.19075E-05 2.44862E-05 4.49848E-05
128 1.941 23E-08 2.94298E-07 1.4743 1E-06 4.62029£-06 1.11877E-OS 2.30093E-05 4.22773£-OS
260
130 1.82336E-08 2.76655E-07 1.386 16 E-06 4.3446 E-06 1,052 15E-05 21&12E-05 3.97704E.o5
132 1.7143E'{)8 2.603 14E-07 1.30449E·06 4.089 17E-06 9.904 19E-06 2.03748E-05 3.7H65E-05
134 1.61328E-08 lA5162E..{)7 i.22815E-06 3.852 HE-06 9.3J WE-06 1.9199E-05 3.52899E-05
136 1.51958E-08 2.31091E-01 1.15843E-06 3.63222E-06 819956E-06 1.81061E-05 332864E-05
138 1.4326E-08 2.18026E-07 1.09307E-06 3.42768£-06 8305E-06 1.70911E-05 3. 14229£·05
140 1.351 HE-08 2.05867E-07 1.03225E-06 3.2373 4E-06 7.8447E-06 1 6 1457E-05 2.9688 1E-05
142 1.2165IE-08 \.94543E-07 9.756()7E-Q7 306003 E-06 7 41 586E-06 152641£-05 280713E-Q5
144 1.20645E-08 1.83987E-07 9.2279-1 E-07 2.8947E-06 1.0 1592E-06 14443E-05 2 .6563 1E-05
148 1.080 16E-08 1.649J9E-01 8.21468E-01 2.5%2 I E-06 6.29J14E-06 1. 2959E-05 2.38386E-05
150 1.0232 1E-08 1.563J9E"()1 7.8442IE-07 2.46139E-06 5.9615E-06 1.22884E-Ol 226074E-Ol
152 9.69967E-09 1.48293E-07 7.44138E-07 2.33522E-06 5.662 I3E-()6 I 16607E-05 2 14546E-05
154 9.20 142E-09 I A0757E·07 7.06408E-07 2.2 I 702E.()6 5.37604E-06 1. 10725 E·05 2.03744E..{),5
156 8.7J.nSE-09 1.33695E-07 6.71039E-07 2.1 062 1E-06 5.10779E-06 1.052 1E-05 1.936 12E-05
158 8.2973E-09 1.27069E-07 6 .37856E-07 2.00224E-06 4.85607E-06 1.00034E-05 184103E-05
160 1.88689E-09 1.2085E-01 6.06699E-07 1.9046E-06 4.6 1967E-06 9.1 1721E-06 1.75 17 1E-05
162 7501,S4E-09 1.15OO6E-07 5.77,u 1E-07 1.8 1285E-06 4 .397~ 7E..()6 9.0602IE-06 1 66nJE-05
164 7 . 139~-lE-09 1.095 11E-07 5.49889E-07 1. 72655E-06 ~ 18~7E-06 863031E-06 1 58873E-05
166 6 .79893 E-09 1.04 3 ~E-07 5.23978E-07 1.64 532E-06 3.99 175E-06 8.2256 IE-06 1.51 435E-05
168 6A7~7E-09 9 . 9~71IE-08 4.99575E-07 1.56882E-06 3.8064-'E-06 7.8-l-B5E-06 1.44-' 27E-05
170 6 . 17668E-09 9.48828E-08 ~ . 76576E-07 1.4%7 1E-06 3.63 175E-06 7 .48~ 92E..()6 1.3782E-05
172 5.89225E-09 9.0556E-08 4 .54886E-07 1. 4287E-06 3.46698E-06 7. 14585E-06 1.3 1586E-05
174 5.62401E-09 8 .64731E..()8 4.3-'4 16E-07 13645 1E-06 3.3 1144 E-06 6.82576E-06 1.2570 l E-05
176 537086E-09 8 .26177E-08 ~ . 15084E-07 1.30388E-06 3.1(H53E..()6 6.52339E-06 1.201~IE-05
178 5. 13 18E-09 7.89748E-08 3.968 16E-07 1.24658E-06 3.02561E-06 6.23758E-06 I . 14885E-05
180 ~ . 90 588E-09 7.55305E-08 3. 795-' 2E-07 1.1 924E-06 2.89431E-06 5.96725E-06 1.09914E-05
182 4 69227E-09 7.22719E-08 3.63197E-07 1.14113E..{)6 2.77007E-06 5.71 14 E-06 1.01208E-05
184 4.490 15E-09 6.9 1872E-08 3.47723E-07 1.09258E-06 2.6524E-06 5.46913£-06 1.00752E-05
186 4 .2988E-09 6.62653E-08 3.33065E"()7 1.0-1.659E-06 2.54091E-06 5.2]956E..()6 9.65288E-06
188 41 1753E-09 63496E-08 319171E-07 1.00299E-06 2.4352IE-06 5.02191E-06 9.21247E-06
190 3.94572E-09 6.08699E-08 3.05993E-07 9.61642E-07 2.33 495E-06 4.8 1545E-06 8.8726 1E-06
192 3.78278E-09 5.83782E-08 2.93 489E-07 9.224E-07 2.2398E-06 4.6 1948E-06 8.5 1205£.-06
194 3 62816E-09 560127E-08 28 1617&07 8.85 14 E-07 2.1 4945E-06 4 .43339E-06 8. 1696 I E..()6
196 3.481 36E-09 5.37658E-08 2.703-'E-07 8.49743E-07 2.0636E-06 ~ .25657E..Q6 7.84422E-06
198 3.3419IE-09 5.16304E-08 2.59621E-07 8. 16091E-07 1.982E-06 4.08848E-06 1.53481E-06
200 ) .20938E-09 4.%E-08 2.49428E-07 7.841E-07 1.9044E-06 3.9286E-06 1.24062E-06
The rest of the tables (Table 3 through Tabl e 7) can be

downloaded from www.infarom .com/SLT/5reeIA1 .11 .zip
261
three times
The probability of this event is CC,)5 + 1OC C2 ) 3 (t - C2 )2 , where tis
t5
the number of stops of a reel and c, and c2 are the distributions of
of values, each one for one fixed value of c, from 1 to 7.

another specific symbol three times occurring on a payline
Table 1: c, =1
c2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 000 1128438 0.008100313 0.024384688 0.051200313 0.087890938 0. 132300313 0. 181147188
22 0.000855901 0.006209407 0.018913069 0.Q40235896 0.07009639 0. 107295399 0. 149748954
24 oQOO66.I479 O , OO"8628~ 0.014953739 0.032 1.50331 0.056671 143 0.087890751 0.12-1-190495
26 0.0005261 18 0.003878-123 0.01202 1419 002607 1139 0.046396225 0 .072718934 O. I().42 16 128
28 0.0004236-1 0.0031-1235 O'!)()9805194 0 .021-1 19705 0.038-121665 0.060744837 0.037890683
30 0.000346132 0 .00258 1111 0.008 100041 0.017804 156 0.032150247 0.05 1200041 0.074669588
32 0.00028643 0.002 145797 0.006767243 0.014953643 0.027 157396 0.0435 16 189 0.063888758
34 0.000239703 0.00180302 0 .0057107~ 0.012677355 0.023137255 0.03727138 1 0.0550335 13
36 0.000202609 0.001529-167 0.004862735 0.010838473 0.019866495 0.032150222 0.047706523
38 0.000172 789 0.00 1308322 0.0<»174295 0.00933 7281 0.0 1717988-' 0,0279 1489 0.04 1600606
40 0.0001 48545 0.001128135 0,003609678 0.00810001 0.0 1-195]623 0,020$ 38-1385 0.036477256
42 0.000 12863 1 0 .00097941 5 0.0031423 0.00707133 1 0.013093847 0 .021 -11 %54 0.032 150213
44 0.000112124 0.0008557 13 0.002752131 0.0062092 19 0.0 11 528587 0.01891 2881 0.028473069
46 9.832l5E'()5 0.000751985 0002423887 0.00548 1378 0.0 1020208 1 0.01677972 0 .0253299-'6
48 8.6698E'()5 O . 00066~ 358 0.002 14577 1 0.004862723 0.009070703 0.0 149536 17 0 ,022628498
50 7 _ 683 52E~5 0 .000589827 0.00 1908579 0.00. 033571 0.008 100003 0.01338 1635 0.020294627
52 6.84 I 33 E'()5 0,000526036 000 170506 1 0.0038783-41 0.00726255 1 0.0 12021338 0.018268483
54 6. 1178.JE'()'s 0 .000. 01118 0001529452 0.003-484588 0.006536323 0.010838458 0.01650141 1
56 ~ .4 9287E'()5 0.000423584 0.001377133 0.003 14229'- 0.00590351 1 0.009805138 0,014953615
58 4.9502E-05 0000382233 0 .00 124437 1 0.002843333 0.005349607 0.008898577 0.01359235
60 4..1 7672E'()5 0.000346092 0,001 128 126 0.00258107 1 0.00486272 0.008 100001 0.012390523
62 4.06175E'()'s 0.0003]·066 0 .001025911 0 ,00235005] 0,004433037 0.007393863 0.011325597
64 3.6965IE-05 O.OOO28(HO I 0.000935673 0.002 145768 0.004052418 0.0067672 14 0.010378725
66 3.37378E-05 0.00026 1657 0.000855708 0.001964463 OJ)()371407 0.0062092 14 0.009534074
262
68 3.08756E-05 0.000239682 0.000784596 0.00 1802999 0 .OOW2296 0 .0057107-'3 0008178277
70 2.8328IE.{)5 0.000220099 0.0007211.7 0 .00 1658738 0 .0031 4 2292 0 .005264093 0 .00810000 1
72 2.60533E.{)5 0 .000202593 0.000664354 0 .00 1529451 0 .002899995 0.00.862719 0 .007489596
74 2AOl57E-OS 0 .000 186895 0.0006l337 0.00 14 13245 000268 1944 00045010"1 0006938813
76 2.2 185 I E.Q5 0.000 172777 0.000567-169 0 .0013085 1 0,002485 186 0 .004174283 0.00644057 1
78 2.05J6E'{)5 0.000160046 0.000526034 0.001213865 0.1102307 187 0.003878339 0 .005988773
80 1.9()463E.{)5 0 .000148535 0 .000488535 0001128125 0 .002145768 0.003609668 0.005578147
82 1.76973E'{)5 0.000138103 0.00045451 6 0.00 1050268 0 .001999044 0003365206 0.00520-1121
84 1.64727E-Q5 0.000 128624 OJJOO423582 0 .000979408 0.00 1865382 0.003 142292 0 .0048627 19
86 1.53586E-05 0 .000119993 0000395392 O.OOO9U778 0001743363 0002938607 0_004550468
88 1.43427E-05 0.000 1121 18 0.000369648 0.000855707 0 .00163 1747 0.002752 125 0 .00.26433
90 1.34145E'{)5 0.000104916 0.0003 4609 1 0.00080 161 2 0.00 152945 0 .00258 107 0.00.00 1638
92 1.21M6E'{)5 9.83188E'{)5 0 .OOO124493 0.00075198 0,001435.521 0002423882 0 .003760013
94 1.1 78.5 1E..o5 9.22629E-05 0.000304654 0 .00070636 0.001349121 0 .002279 186 0.003537475
96 1. 10687E-OS 8.66942E-05 0.0002864 0 .000664354 0 ,0012695 12 OJlO2 145767 0.003332 1
98 1.0.o92E'{)5 8 . 1~8E.{)5 0.000269576 0 .000625612 0.00 11 9604 0 .002022549 0 .003W292
100 9.80 11 E.{)6 7.6832J E.{)5 0 .0002540-13 0 .000589824 0 .00 1128 125 0 .00 1908576 0.002966607
102 923945E.{)6 7.24586E-05 0.00023968 1 0 .000556713 0 .00 1065253 0.00 1802999 0 .002803758
104 8.71991E..06 6 .84107E"{)5 0 .000226381 0 .000526033 0.00 1006964 0 .00 1705058 0 .002652595
106 8.2386&06 6AM88E"{)5 0 .000214(»7 0 .000497566 0 .000952848 0.00 161 4078 0 .0025 1209
108 7.79207E-06 6.11163E"{)5 0.000202593 0 .00047111 6 O.llOO902538 0.00 152945 0 .002381322
11 0 7.3n23E.{)6 5.79395E'{)5 0.000191941 0 .000-146507 0.OOOS55707 0.00 145063 1 0.002259463
112 6.991 32E.{)6 5A927E"{)5 0000 182023 O.OOO·U3582 0 .000812059 0001377131 o002U5767
114 6.63 I87E.{)6 5.21 I97E-05 0 .000 172 777 0 .000402199 0.000771327 0 .0013085 1 O.(:lO2039564
11 6 6 . 2~E.{)6 4.95006E..{)5 0.000164146 0 .00038223 1 0 .000733274 0.00 1244369 0.00 1940248
11 8 5.98363E.{)6 4 .7054E"{); 0.000156081 0 .000363563 000069768 1 000 1l84H9 0 .001847269
120 5.69103 E.{)6 4.4766E'{)5 0 .000 1.8535 0 .00034609 \ 0 .000664354 0 .001128125 0 .00 1760 13
122 5AI72E..06 4 .2624&-05 0.0001 41468 0 .00032972 0 .000633 115 0.001075401 0 .001678381
124 5. 1(i065E..06 4.06 ltHE"{)5 0.00013";842 0 .000314365 0 .000603803 000102591 0 .001601612
126 4.92006E.{)6 3.8733E..{)S 0 .000 128624 0 .000299949 0 .000576273 0.000979408 0.00152945
128 H9419E.{)6 3.69642E-05 0.{)(X) 122782 0 .0002864 0.00055039 0.000935672 0.00 146 1555
130 4 .481 93E..06 3.53015E'{)5 0 .000117288 0.000273656 0 .000526033 0.0008945 0 .0013976 15
132 4.28228E.{)6 3.3737I E-05 0.000 11211 8 0 .000261656 0 .000503092 0.000855707 0 .001337348
134 4.094J2E-06 3.22637E-05 0.000 107246 0.000250347 0 .00048 1466 0.0008 191 24 0 .00 1280494
136 3.9 172E-06 3.08149E-O; 0 .000102653 0.00023968 1 0 .~61061 0 .000784596 0.001226815
138 3.750 14E..()6 2.9;M6E-OS 9.83 187E.{)5 0 .00022%12 0.000441 792 0 .00075 198 0.001176092
140 3.59246E.{)6 2 .83275E"{); 9.42247E-05 0 .000220099 0 .000423582 0.000721146 0 .00 11 28125
142 3.44349E.{)6 271584E'{)5 903549E.{)5 0 .00021110-1 O.OOO406319 0 .00069 1974 0 .001082729
144 3.30264E.{)6 2.60528E'{)5 86694IE-O; 0 .000202593 0 .000390056 0 . 0006643~ 0 .001039735
263
148 3 . 0~] 18E-06 lAO l 53E-OS 7.99"'5E-05 0.000 18689'" 0 ,000359976 0.000613369 0 ,000960337
150 2.9236E..()6 2.30758E-05 76832E-05 0.00017965 1 0 .00034609 1 0 .00058982" 0 .000923655
152 2.8 102E-06 2.218"8E-05 7.38786E'()5 0.000172777 0.00033291 0 .000567468 0.000888817
154 27026E.()6 1 I 339E'{)5 7. I0746E"()5 0.000 166249 0.00032039 0 .000546228 0 .000855707
156 2 .600-lIE-06 2.05357E-OS 6.84 106E"()5 0.000 160046 0 .00030849 0.000526033 O,0<X)824221
158 2.50332E.()6 1.97722E-05 6 .58782E-05 0.000 154 147 0.000297 172 0 .000506822 O .OOO7~26
160 2 ·H099E-06 1.9046E-05 6. 3.J692E..()5 0.0001 48535 0 .0002864 0 .000488535 0.000765732
162 2.32316E.()6 1.8355E'()5 6 . 11763E'()5 0.000 14 3 192 0.000276 143 0 .00047 111 6 0 .000738554
164 2.23953E.()6 1.7697 1E'()5 5.89924E.()5 0.000138102 0 .00026637 0 .000454515 0.000712647
166 2. I 5988E-06 1.707Q1E..()5 5.69113E-05 0.000133251 0.000257052 0 .000438686 0.000687936
168 2.08395E-06 1.6-t725E-OS 5.49269E-05 0.000 128624 O.OOO248 1tM 0 .000423582 O.()()()66..I354
170 2.01 155E-06 1.59025E-05 5.30337E-05 0.000124209 0 .000239681 0 .000409163 0.000641837
172 1.942-l6E-06 1.53584E-05 5. 12265E'{)S 0.0001 19993 0 .00023158 0 .000395392 0.000620326
174 1.8765E..()6 1.-48389E-05 4 .95005E.()5 0.000115966 0.00022384 0 .00038223 1 0 .000599765
176 1.8IJ49E.()6 1.43425E'()5 4.78512E'()5 0.000 112 118 0.0002 16441 0.000369648 0.000580102
178 L75327E-06 1.3868 1E-05 ".627-BE"()S 0.000 108437 0.000209364 0.0003576 11 0 .000561289
180 1.69568E-06 1.34 ' -I3E-05 4A766E-05 0.0001049 16 0.000202593 0.0003-16091 0.00054328
182 l.&W6E..()6 12980 I E-OS " .332HE-05 O.()(XHO I546 o.()()() 196 1 I 0.00033506 0.000526033
184 1.58787E..()6 1.256-15E-05 " . 19403E-05 9.83 186E"()S 0.000189901 0.00032-1492 0 .000509509
186 1.53738E.()6 I.2I664E'()5 406I64E.()5 9.52265E'()5 0.000 18395 1 0.00031 4365 0 .000493669
188 IA89E.06 I. 17849E-05 3.93476E-05 9.22627E ..05 0.000 178247 0.000304654 0 .000478478
190 I.H264E-06 U4 193E"()5 3. 813 11 E-05 8.942D7E..Q5 0 ,000 172777 0 .000295339 0 .000463904
192 (398 18E..Q6 1. 10686E-05 3.69642E-05 S.6694 I E-05 0.000 167528 O.OOO28lH 0.000449916
194 \.J5552E.()6 10732 1E-05 3.58444E-05 8.40773E-05 0 .000162489 0 .0002778 18 0 .000436484
196 \.J1459E.()6 1.0409 1E'()5 3.47695E'()5 8. 15647E'()5 O.(KXlI5765 [ 0 .000269576 0 .000423582
198 1.27529E-06 I.OO99E.()5 3.3737E'()5 7.9 1512E-05 0.000 153003 0.00026 1656 0.00041 1183
200 1.23753E-06 9.80IE-06 3. 27451E'()5 7.6832E-05 0 .000 148535 0.0002540-13 0 .000399263
Table 2: c, = 2
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0 .001138 125 0.00811 O.02439·B75 0.05 12 1 0.087900625 0. 1323 1 0.181156875
22 0 .000861916 0.0062 15422 0 .018919085 0.040241911 0.070102405 0.107301 41 4 0. 149754969
24 0.000668373 0.QO..t866737 0.014957632 0.032154225 0.056675036 0.087894tH4 0. 124494388
26 0 .000528727 0 .0038810]2 0 .012024028 0.026073748 0.046398835 0.072721543 0. 104218737
28 0 .000425441 0.003 144 151 0 .009806995 0.02 1421506 0 .038423467 0.060746638 0.087892484
30 0 .000347407 0 .002582387 0 .0081013 17 0 .0 17805432 0.03215 1523 0 .051201317 0.074670864
32 0 .000287354 0 ,002146721 0 .006768167 0.0 14954567 0.027 15832 0.043517 113 0.06388%82
264
34 0 ,000240385 0 .001803703 0.00511 1-'47 0.012678037 0 .023137937 0,037272063 0 .055034195
36 0.000203122 0.00 1529979 0.001863248 0 .0 10838985 0.019867008 0.032150735 0.047707035
38 0.000173181 0.001308914 0.004 174687 0.009337672 0.0 17 180275 0.027915281 0.041600997
40 0.000 148848 O _ OOI 1 28~38 0.00360998 0.008 100313 0.0 14953926 0.024384688 0.036477559
42 0.000 128869 0000979653 O.OO3 142S37 0.00707 1569 0.0 13094084 00214 1989 1 0.032150451
44 0.000 I 123 12 000085590 1 0 .002752319 0 .006209407 0 .0 11 528775 0.0 J89 13069 0.0280'73257
46 9.8474E'()'; 0000752135 0 .002424038 0 ,005481529 0.0 10202232 0,0 1677987 0025330096
48 8.68191E.()5 0.000664419 0.002145893 0.00I86284-l 0.009010824 0.0 14953739 0.022628619
50 7.69344E'()5 0.000589926 0.00 1908618 0.00133361 0.008 100 I02 0.013381134 0.020294126
52 6.84948E-05 00005261 18 0001705142 0.003818423 0.007262632 0.012021"' 19 0.018268565
54 61H6£...05 0 .00047 1186 0.00152952 0.003484656 0 .00653639 1 0,010838526 0 ,016501479
56 ,; 4985£...05 0 .00042364 0.001377 189 0.00314235 0 .005903567 0.009805194 0.0 1495367 1
58 4.95493E.()5 0.00038228 0 .001244418 0.00284338 0.005349655 0.008898624 0.013592391
60 H 801I E.()5 0 .000346132 0.00 1128166 0.00258 1111 0.00486216 0.00810004 1 0.0 12390563
62 4.06513E'()5 0.0003144 0.001025945 0.002350081 0.00143301 1 0.007393891 0.01ll25631
64 3.6994E-05 0.00028643 0 .000935702 0.0021 45797 0.0040.524-17 0.006767243 0.01037875-1
66 3.37626E~5 0.000261681 0.000855733 0.00 196-1488 0.0037 14095 0.006209239 0.009534098
68 3.08969E'()5 0.000239703 0.000784618 0.00180302 0.003412311 0.005710764 0.008178298
70 2.83465E.()5 0.000220118 0.00012 11 65 0.001658756 0.003 14231 1 0.00526411 1 0.008100019
72 2.60693E.()5 0000202609 0.00066431 0.00 1529461 0.0029000 11 0.001862135 0.0074896 12
74 2 . 40297E~5 0.000 186909 0.000613383 0.00 1413259 0.00268 1958 0.()().J50 1056 0.006938827
76 2.21974E-05 0000112189 0000567481 0.00 1308522 0.002485 198 0.004114295 0.006440583
78 205461E'()5 0000160051 0.000526044 0.001213816 0.002301 198 0.00381835 0.005988183
80 1.90558E-05 0.000148545 0.000488544 0.001 128135 0.002 145111 0.003609678 0.005518156
82 1.77057E-05 00001 38111 0.()()(}454524 0.00 1050276 0.00 1999052 0.003365215 0.00520413
84 1.64802E-05 0.000 128631 0.00042359 0.000979415 0.00 [86539 0.0031423 0.004862126
86 153652E~S 0.00012 0.000395399 0.00091-1784 0.00 17-1337 0.0029386 14 0.001550475
88 1.43486E-05 0.000112124 0.000369654 0.000855713 0.00 163 1153 0.002152 13 1 0.001264316
90 1.34 191E'()5 0.000104922 0.000346096 0.000801618 0.001529456 0.002581015 0.00I001643
92 1.25693E-OS 983235E'()5 0.000324497 0.00075 1985 0.001 435525 0.001423887 0.003760048
94 1.17893E-OS 9.2267IE-05 0.000304659 0.000706364 0.001349 125 0.002279191 0.003537479
96 1.I0725E-05 8.6698E-O; 0.000286404 0.()O()66..t358 0.00 1269515 0.002 145771 0.003332 103
98 1.04 I 26E'()5 8. I 5682E'()S 0.000269519 0.0006256 16 0.00 11 96043 0.002022552 0.003142295
100 9.8042E<>6 1.68352E'()5 0.000254046 0.000589821 0.001128128 0.00 1908519 0.0029666 1
102 9.24226E.()6 7.2.J61-1E-05 0.000239684 0'()005567 16 0.00 1065256 0.00 1803001 0.002803161
104 8.72245E-06 6.&.I133E-05 0.000226384 0.000526036 0.00 I 006966 0.001705061 0.002652597
106 8.2409 1E-06 6..J66I I E-O; 0.0002 14049 0.000491569 0.00095285 0.00 161408 0.002512092
108 7.79417E-06 6.11784E..()5 0.000202595 0.00047 111 8 0.00090254 1 0.00 1529452 0.002381324
11 0 1.31915E.()6 5 . 794 1 4E~5 0.()(X) 19 1943 0.000446509 0.000855109 0.00 1450633 0.002259465
265
11 2 699308E-06 5.49287E-05 0.000182025 0000423584 0,000812(6 ) O,OOl3nlJ3 0.002145769
11 4 6.633 48E-06 5.212I3E"()S 0 .000 172778 O.tXlO40220 I 0 .00071 1329 0.00 13085 12 0 ,002039566
11 6 6.298 12E-06 ".9502E..{)5 0 ,000164 148 0.000382233 0 .000733275 0.00 124437 1 0 .00 1940249
11 8 598499E-06 4 70553E-OS 0000 156082 0.000363564 0.<'>00697682 0.00 118·051 0.00184727
120 569227E-06 ·H7672E-OS 0.000 1.8536 0.000346092 O,(}()066.I )5 5 0.00 11 28 126 0,001760131
122 5418HE-06 • .2625IE-()5 0.000 1.1~9 0.00032972 1 0.000633 116 0.00 1075403 0.00 1678383
124 516171[,·06 4 06 I 75E-OS 0.00013.843 0.0003 14366 0.000603804 0.00 I 0259 11 0.001601613
126 .. 92103E-06 J.8734E-OS 0000 128625 0,000299<)5 0 ,000576174 0.000979409 0,00152945 1
128 469509E-06 J.6965 I E"()S 0,000 122783 0.(0)28640 I 0.00055039 1 0.000935673 0.00146 1555
130 .. 4S277E-06 3.530HE-()5 0000 117289 0.000273656 0 ,000526034 0 .000894501 0.00 13976 16
132 4.28306E-06 337378E-()5 0.000 11 2 118 0.00026 1657 0.000503093 0.000855708 0.001337349
134 4 .09504E-06 3.22644 E-05 0.000107247 O.OOO250H8 O.()()()481467 0.0008 19125 0.001280495
136 ).9 17&6E-06 3.08756E'()S 0.000102654 0 ,0002)9682 0 ,00046 1061 OJ)()()78..J596 0.001226815
138 3.75076E~ 2 . 95653E~5 9 . 8 3 193E ~5 0.0002296 12 0.000441793 0.00075 198 O'(XH 176093
140 3.59303E-06 2.8328IE-()5 9.42253E-()5 0.000220099 0.000423582 0.000721147 0.001128126
142 3A-U03E.Q6 2.7159E-()5 9.035s.!E-()5 0.00021 1105 0.000.06359 0.00069 1975 0.00108273
144 3.303 1.E-06 2.60533E-()5 8.669.6E-()5 0.000202593 0.000390057 0.00066. 35. 0.001039736
148 3.04362E-06 2 40 1 57E~5 7 . 994 54E~5 0.000 186895 0.000359976 0.00061337 0.000960338
150 2.9240IE-06 2.30762E~5 7.68324E~5 0.000 179()5 1 0.000346091 0.000589824 0.000923656
152 28 1059E-06 2.2 1851E-05 7 .3 8789E~5 0.000 172777 0.00033291 0.000567469 0.00088881 7
154 2.70295E-06 2. 13393 E-()5 7.107.9E-()5 0.000 166249 0.00032039 0.000546228 0.000855708
156 260075E-06 2.0536E-()5 6.8mE-()5 0 . 000 1 600~ 0.00030849 0.00052603. 0.0008H221
158 250363E-06 1 97725E-05 6. 58785E-05 0.000 154 148 0.000297 172 0.000506822 OJX)(l79426
160 2.41 129E-06 1 90463E-05 6.34695E-05 0000 148535 0.000286401 0.000488535 0.000765733
162 2.32343E-06 i .83553E-05 6. 11765E-05 0.000 143192 0.000276 143 0.()()()47 1116 0.000738555
164 2 1398E-06 1.76973E-()5 5.89927E-()5 0.000 138 103 0.00026637 0.0004545 16 0.000712647
166 2.160 12E-06 1.7070.E-()5 5.69116E-()5 0.000133251 0.000257052 0.000438686 0.000687936
168 2.08419E-06 1.64727E.()5 5.49272E~5 0.000 128624 0.000248164 0.000423582 0.000664354
170 2 011 77E-06 1.59027E-05 5.30339E~5 0.000 124209 0.00023968 1 0.0004(l91()..1. 0.0006-11837
172 1.9-'266E-06 U3586E..()5 5. I 2261E-05 0.000 119993 0.00023 158 0.000395392 0.000620326
174 1.87669E-06 1.4839 1E-05 B5007E-()5 0.000 11 5966 0.00022384 0.00038223 1 0.000599765
176 1.81367E-06 IA3417E-05 4.18514E"()5 0.000 112118 0.00021~1 0.00036%-18 0.000580102
178 1.75344E-06 1.38682E-()5 4.62745E-05 0.000 108437 0 .0002093~ 0.0003576 11 0.000561289
180 1.69585E-06 1.34145E-OS ·U766IE-05 0.000 10491 6 0.000202593 0.00034609 1 0.OOOS4328
182 1.6407SE-06 1.29803E-05 4.33226E-OS O.OOO IOIS46 0.000 19611 0.00033506 0.000526034
184 1.5880 1E-06 125~6E-()5 4.1940SE-05 983188E-05 0.000 18990 1 0.00032.. 93 0.000509509
186 153751E-06 121665E-OS 4.06165E..()5 952267E-()5 0.000 18395 1 0.00031 . 365 0.000.93669
188 1.48913E-06 1 . 1785IE~5 3.93471E"()5 9.22629E"()5 0.000 178247 0.000304654 0.000478478
190 l.44276E-06 1 141 9 4E~5 3.81312E-05 8.94208E-05 0.000 172777 0.00029534 0.000463904
266
192 1.39829E-06 1.I 0687E-05 3,69643E-05 8.669-'2E-05 0.000167528 0 .0002864 0 .000449916
194 1.35564E-06 1 07J22E.Q5 3.58446E-05 8.40774E4J5 0.000 162489 0 .0002778 18 0.000436484
196 1.3147E4J6 IN092E4J5 3A7696E4J5 8. 15648E4J5 0 .000157651 0.000269576 0 .000423582
198 1.27539E-06 1.0099 1E-05 3.3737IE-05 7.91513E-05 0000153003 0.000261656 OQ00..4II ISJ
200 1.23763E-06 9.K01 I E..Q6 3.27452E-05 7.6832 1E-05 0.000 148535 O.OOO254~3 0000399263


at least four times
5 4 5
The probability ofthis event is (cJ ) + 5( c2 ) ~- c 2 ) + (c 2 ) ,
t
where t is the number of stops of a reel and c} and c 2 are the
distributions of the two symbols on a reel. This formula returns the
following tables of values, each one for one fixed value of cJ from 1
to 7.

another specific symbol at least four times occurring on a payline
Table 1: C} =1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 3.03 125E-05 O.()OO·U'()3)) 0 .002227813 0 .006720313 0.015625313 0.0)0780313 0.054022813
22 2.07621 E-05 0.000316864 0.001540467 0.004669522 0.01 01) 14827 O.02 162688-t 0.038202767
24 146936E4J5 0 .000225177 0.00 1098758 0.003343747 0.007849297 0.0 15625126 0.027741232
26 10689E4J5 0000 164375 0.000804536 0002456365 0.005786451 0.0 J 1562381 0.020612343
28 7.96032E-06 0.000 122775 0.000602486 0 .00 1844528 0.00",357896 0.008735258 0.015625058
30 6.04938E-06 9 . 3539 I E~5 0.00046QO..11 0 .001411728 0.003343663 0.00672004 1 0.012054444
32 467896E4J6 7.2509IE4J5 0.0003573 0001098663 0.002607733 0.005252868 0.009445339
34 3.67555E·06 5.707E4J5 0.00028 1697 0.000867715 0.00206339 0.004 164526 0.007503903
36 2.92726E-06 4.55296E4J5 0.000225068 0.000694355 0.00 1653834 0.003343638 0.006035655
38 2 .36006E~ 3.6764E-05 0 .000 181977 0 .000562187 0.001340958 0 .002715171 0.004908969
40 1.92383E-06 3.0009HE~5 0.000 14H721 0 .()(){)46001 0.00 1098643 0 .0022275 1 0.004032939
42 1.58389E4J6 2 A7377 E~5 0.000 122724 0.00031!OO 18 0.000908638 0.00 1844477 0 .003343629
44 U1582E4J6 2.05HIE'()5 0 .000102 167 0.0003 16676 0.000757967 0.001540279 0 .002795316
46 I 10214E-06 1.72507E~5 8.57387E-05 0 .000265994 0.000637255 0.00 1296238 0 .(02)54807
267
48 9.30127E-07 1..I572E.{)5 7.24832E-05 0.000225055 0.000539634 0.001098637 0.00 1997665
50 7.904E-07 1.23936E-05 6.16928E-05 0.000191696 0 .000460003 0.00093727 0001705674
52 6.75953E.()7 1.06075E-05 S.28374E..()5 a.ooo 164293 0.000394528 0.0008().1.l55 0.00146509
54 5.8 149E'()7 9. 13 179E<>6 455152E.()5 0.000 14 16 16 0.000340294 0.00069434 1 0.001265434
56 5.02967E.()7 7.904Q3E<>6 3.94185E'()5 0.000122719 0.000295064 0.000602429 0.001098635
58 4.3 7262E-07 6.87583E-06 JA3091E-05 0.00010687 0.000257103 0.000525228 0.0009584 16
60 3.8194-1 E-07 6.00952E-06 3.000 13E-05 9.3-1992E-OS 0.000225053 O.()()O.t6000 1 0 .000839857
62 3.351O-IE-07 5.275-14E.{)6 2.63488E..Q5 8.21551E-05 0.000197844 0.000404589 0,000739066
64 2.95229E.()7 4.65009E<>6 2.32356E'()5 7.24802E.()5 0,000174624 0.000357271 0.000652944
66 2.611 IJE'()7 .J.I 1-l72E-06 2.05688E'()5 6.4 1882E-<l5 0.000 1547 12 0.0003 1667 1 0.000579002
68 2.3 1785E.()7 3.65422E..{)6 182739E-05 570487E-<l5 0.000137559 0.00028 1675 0.000515232
70 2.06462E-07 3.25638E-06 1.62902E-05 508746E-05 0.000122717 0.000251382 0.00046000 I
72 1.84504E-07 2.9 1124E-06 1.45686E-05 ·U5 136E-05 0.000109824 0.000225052 O.()()()4 11973
74 1.6's389E.()7 2.61063E..()6 1.30685E..()5 4.0~03E-05 9.85806E'()5 0.00020208 0.00037005
76 1.48687E-07 2.34784E<>6 1.17565E.()5 3.67518E'()5 8.8739.E'()5 0.000181965 0.000333325
78 U 404lE.()7 2.1I 73E.Q6 106052E.()5 3.31622E'()5 8.0096E.()5 0.000 164291 0.000301043
80 1.2 115SE.()7 1. 91437E-06 9.59I37E<>6 3.00003E-05 7.24796E-05 0.000 1487 11 0.000272575
82 1.0978E..07 1.735 18E..06 8.69586E..()6 2.72O<HE"(); 6.S7472E-O,5 0.000134935 0 .000247393
84 9.97 102E-O& 1.57~7E-06 7.902-I5E-06 2A7)03E-05 5.97785E-05 0.000 122717 0.000225052
86 9.07686E'()8 U355E<>6 7. 1975E<>6 2.25295E'()5 5.4472E.()5 0.000111851 0.000205 176
88 8.28072E'()8 U0995E<>6 656943E<>6 2.05682E-<l5 4.97414 E'()5 0.000 102161 0.000 187446
90 7.56998E"()8 1.19782E-06 6.0084E-06 1.88157E-05 4.55132E-OS 9.3498 1E.()5 0.00017159
92 6.93389E-OS L097·U E-06 5.506E-06 1,7246E-05 .j. 11249E-OS 8.573"'E-05 0.000 157376
94 6.36323E-08 1.00735E-06 5.05502E-06 1.58365E..(),5 3.83226E"()5 7.87592E"(),5 0.000 144602
96 5.85009E<>8 9.26325E.()7 4.64928E-06 lA5682E..()5 3.5260 IE.()5 7.24794E.()j 0.000133099
98 5.3 8764E.()8 8.53283E-<l7 4.283 45E<>6 1.34243E.()5 J.24974E.()5 6.6813E'()5 0.000122717
100 4.97E'()8 7.873E.()7 3.9529E<>6 1.23905E-<l5 3.0000 1E"(),5 6. 16897E.()5 0.000113327
102 4.59206E..()8 72757 .. E-07 3.65363E-06 I I 45·BE-OS 2.7738IE-05 5.7048 I E"'(),5 0.000 10-1819
104 4 .24936E-08 6.73.wSE-07 3.38215E-06 106049E"()S 2.56853E"{)5 5.283 49E-OS 9.70937E-05
106 3.93805E'()8 6.24 185E'()7 3.I3542E<>6 9.8328E<>6 2.38189E.()5 4.90035E'()5 9.00673E'()5
108 3.65473E'()8 j.7938E'()7 2.9 1079E-06 9.12968E<>6 2 . 2119E~5 4.5513IE.()5 8.3665E'()5
11 0 3.39644E-08 5..18525E-07 2.7059 1E-06 8.4883E-06 2.0568IE'()5 4.2328E'()5 7.782 15E-05
11 2 3.16057E"()8 501208E"()7 25 1875E-06 7.90227E..()6 1.9 1507E-05 3.941 67E-05 7.2479]E-05
114 2.94482E-08 4.67068E-07 2]4749E-06 7.]6595E-06 1.78533E-05 3.675 14E-05 6.75877E-05
116 2.74717E-08 4.35786E-07 219055E<>6 6.87436E-06 1.6664E-05 3.43076E.()5 6.3 10 18E'()5
118 2.56583E'()8 4.0708E'()7 2.0.65E<>6 6.423IE<>6 1.5572 IE.()5 3.20636E'()5 5.898 19E'()5
120 2.3992 IE'()S 3.S0699E"()7 1.914 1E-06 6.00827E<>6 1.-'568IE-05 3E'()5 5.51928E'()5
122 22459E-08 3.5642E-07 1.79224E-06 5.62639E-06 1.]6HSE-05 2.S0999E.()5 5,170]IE-05
124 2. 1().463E.()8 3.3.w47E"()7 1.67992E-06 S.274]SE'()6 1.279 16E'()S 2.63"77E'()S 4.84848E'()S
268
126 1.97431E-08 ) , 13402E-07 1.57627E-06 4.94947E-06 1.200-'9E-OS 2.47301E-05 4.S5131E-O,5
128 1.85) 91E-08 2.94J27E<l7 1.48048E.Q6 4.64919E.Q6 1.12778E<l5 232347E<l5 4.27655E<l5
130 1.74256E<l8 2.76682E<l7 1.39 187E.Q6 4.37 135E.Q6 J.(l6049E<l5 2. 18506E<l5 4.02222E<l5
132 1.63944E<lS 2.60J39E<l7 1.30978E-06 4. 11395E<l6 9.9814E.Q6 2.0568E<l5 3.786l2E<ll
134 1.54384E-08 2.4S186E-07 1.23366E-06 3.87522E-06 9.40309E-06 1.93782E-O.5 3. 56782£-05
136 1.4551E-08 23 111 9E-07 1.16299E-06 365356E.Q6 8.86606E-06 1.82732E-05 3.36469E"{)5
138 1.37265£-08 2. I8046E..()7 1.097)E-06 344752E-06 8.36682E.Q6 1.n458E.()l 3.1758IE<ll
140 1.29596E-O& 2.058SlE<l7 1.036 19E.Q6 3.2ll8E<l6 7.90223E.Q6 1.62897E<ll 3E<ll
142 1.2241lE<l8 1.94l6E<l7 9.79279E..Q7 3.0772 3E<l6 7.46945E..()6 I.l3988E<ll 2.836 19E<ll
144 1.158E-08 I .S-W03E-07 9.26218E<l7 2.91073E.Q6 7.06589E.Q6 1.45681E-05 2.6834E<l5
148 1.0379IE-08 1 6495)E-07 8.30453E-07 2.610 19E-06 6.3373 J E..()6 1 3068E-05 2.40749E-OS
150 9.83704E..()9 1.56352E-07 7.87213E-07 247-47E-06 6.00824E..()6 L23904E-OS 2.28283E<l5
152 9.32992E<l9 1.48305E<l7 7A67S IE-07 2.34745E-06 5.70026E.Q6 1.17562E<l5 2. 166 14E<l5
154 8.85507E<l9 1.40769E<l7 7.08855E<l7 2.22849E<l6 5.4 1 I 76E-06 1.1 162E<l5 2.0568E<lS
156 8.4 1004E<l9 1.33706E-07 6.73334E<l7 2.116%E.Q6 5 .14128E<l6 1.06048E<l5 1. 95428E<l5
158 7.99262E<l9 1.1708E-07 6.<0009E<l7 2.01232E.Q6 4.88749E-06 1.0082E-05 1.85807E"()S
160 7.6OO78E-09 1 20859E..()7 6.0872 1E-07 191-W7E-06 4.649 I 7E-06 959lO7E-06 1.7677£-05
162 7.23267E-09 1.1501 5E-07 5.79J2 I E-07 I.S2174E-06 4.4252E-06 9. 12962E..()6 1.68277E-05
164 6. 88657E<l9 1.095 19E<l7 5.5 1676E-07 1.73492E-06 4.21455E-06 8.69559E-06 1.60287E-05
166 6 .56092E<l9 1.04 348E<l7 5.25659E<l7 1.6532E.Q6 4.01629E.Q6 8.28705E.Q6 1.52766E<l5
168 6 .2l43E<l9 9.9-t786E-08 5.0 1159E<l7 1.57624E.Q6 382955E<l6 7.90222E.Q6 1.45681E<l5
170 l .%539E<l9 9.48898E<l8 4.78069E<l7 1. 50J7 1E.Q6 365354E.Q6 7.S3947E.Q6 1.J9002E '()5
172 5.69297E<l9 9.05627E-08 4.56294E-07 1.4353E-06 3 48753E-06 7. 1973E.Q6 1.J270 1E<l5
174 5.43592E-09 8.64794E-08 4.35745E-07 1.37074E-06 3.3308·'f-06 687432E<l6 i .267 53E.()5
176 5. 19321E'()9 8.26236E<l8 4. 163 39E-07 1.30976&06 3.18285E.Q6 6.56925E.Q6 1.21135E-05
178 4.%391E<l9 7.8980-l.E-08 3.98002E<l7 1.25214E.Q6 3.04299E.Q6 6.28092E.Q6 1.1 5824E <l5
180 4.74712E<l9 7.55358E<l8 3.80664E<l7 1.l 9765E.Q6 291072E<l6 6 .00824E.Q6 1.l0802E<l5
182 4.54203E..Q9 7.22769E<l8 3.64259E<l7 1.146 1E-06 2.78557E.Q6 5.750 19E.Q6 1.06048E<l5
184 -l. .3479 1E.()9 6.9 19 19E-08 3.48729E.()7 1.09729E-06 2.66707E.()6 5.50585E<l6 1.0 1547E..(I5
186 4. 16-t04E-09 6.62698E<l8 3.340 )7E..()7 1.05 105E.Q6 2.5548E-06 5.27435E-06 9.72824E.Q6
188 3.98979E<l9 6.33003E.()& 3.20073E<l7 1.00722E<l6 2.44838E-06 5.05489E.Q6 9.3239 1E.Q6
190 3.82456E<l9 6 .0874E<l8 3.0685E<l7 9.65652E<l7 2.34745E..()6 4.S4672E.Q6 8 .940J7E.Q6
192 3.6678E-09 5.8382E<l8 2.94302E<l7 9.26206E..()7 2.2l166E.Q6 4.649 I 7E<l6 8.57634E.Q6
194 3.5 J 8~)E'()9 5.60163E<l8 2.82389E-07 8.88754E-07 2. 1607IE-06 4.461 57E..{)6 8 .23066E<l6
196 3.3TI65E-09 5.37692E<l8 2.71073E-07 8.53176E-07 2.07-t3E-06 4.28334E-06 7.90222E-06
198 3. 1.4333E-09 5. 16337E-08 2.603ISE-07 8.19J6E'()7 1.99217E.Q6 -t.11393E-06 7.58999E.Q6
200 3. 11 563 E<l9 4.%03 IE<l8 2.l009 1E<l7 7.87203E<l7 1.91407E.Q6 3.9528E<l6 7.29304E.Q6
269
Table 2: c, =2
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
~
I
20 0,0000" o.ooo·n 0.002 23 75 0,0067) 0.015635 0 .03079 0.0540325
22 2.67772E-OS 0.000322879 0 .0015-46482 o ()()4675538 0 .010920842 0.02 1632899 0,038208782
24 1.85868E.Q5 0.00022907 0.00 11 02652 0.0033476-1 0 ,00785319 0.0 156290 19 0.027745 125
26 l.32981E-O; O.OOOI669~ 0.000807 1-46 0002458974 0 .00578906 0 .0 11 56499 0.0206 14952
28 9.76156E.{)6 0 .000124576 0.00060-'287 0 .0018"6329 0 . ~ 3 5%98 0 .008737059 0 .015626859
30 7.325IE-06 9..181-18E-05 0 .0004613 17 O.OO I413<:l<M 0 ,003344938 0.006721317 0.0 1205572
32 5.602&-1E-06 7.3-t329E-05 0 .000358224 0 .00 1099586 0 .002608657 0.005253792 0 .009,"6263
34 ·U57R3E.Q6 577523E-05 0.000282379 0.000868397 O. OO2~O72 O.()()..t165208 0.00750-1585
36 3 A399-1 E-06 4.60-l23E-05 0 .00022558 1 0,00069-1868 O . OOI6543~ 0 ,003344 15 1 0 .006036 168
38 2.75I3E-06 3.7 1552E-05 0.000182369 0,000562578 0 .00134 1349 0.002715562 0.00-190936
40 2.22656E-06 3.0 ) 125E-05 0 .0001 49023 0 .0004603 13 0.001098945 0.002227813 O . ~O33242
42 182109E.()6 2..197-19E-05 0 .000122%2 0.000380255 0.000908875 0 . 001~m4 0.003343866
44 150379E.()6 2 . 07621E~5 0 .000 102355 0 .000316864 0.000758 155 0.00 15" 0" 67 0 .0027955().l
46 1.25265E..Q6 17-W12E.()5 8.58892E-05 0 .0002661 45 0 .000637406 0.001296388 0 .00235"957
48 105179E4>6 I -t6936E"()5 7.260"8E-05 0.000225177 0000539756 0.00 1098758 O.(XH 997787
50 8.896E-07 1.24928E"()S 0 .000061792 0,000 191795 0 .000" 60 I 02 0.00093737 0 .001705773
52 7.57488E.()7 1.0689E-05 5.2919E..QS 0 .000 16"375 0 .000394609 0.00080" 536 0.001 465 171
54 6.49004E-07 9.1993IE~ " . 55827E~5 0 .000141683 0 .00034036 1 0 .000694408 0.001265501
56 5.59256E~7 7.96032E.()6 3.9..J74SE-05 0000122775 0 .000295 12 0 .000602486 0 .001098691
58 4.SoW93E-07 6,92306E-06 JA3563E-05 0.000 1069 17 000025715 0 .000525275 0.000958463
60 4.218 11 E-07 6.04938E-06 ).()(H12E-05 9 35391E-05 0 .000225093 0.00046004 1 0.000839897
62 3.689"2E-07 5.30927E-06 2 . 63 826E~5 8.2 [89E-05 0.000 197877 0 .000"04623 0.000739 1
64 3.24 1E-07 " .678%E.()6 2.32644E-05 7.2509 1E-05 0 ,000 17"'653 0 .000357) 0.000652973
66 2.85867E-07 4. 139..a.8E..()6 2 . 059 36E~5 6. 4213E~5 0,000 154737 0.000316695 0.000579027
68 2.53106E-07 3.67555E-06 1.82952E-05 5 . 707E~5 0 .00013758 0 .000281697 0 .0005 15253
70 2 . 24~E-07 3 27483E-06 1.63087E-05 5.0893 1E-05 0 .000 122736 0 .000251 4 0 . ~60019
72 2.00525E-07 2.92726E-06 1.45846E-05 4.55296E-05 0 .00010984 0.000225068 0 .QOO..l 11 989
74 1.7936E-07 2.6246E-06 1.30824E-05 4.08543E-05 9.85946E"()5 0.1)00202094 0 .00037()()6.1
76 J 609 13E-07 2.36006E.()6 I . 1768gE..()5 3.6764E"()5 8.87516E-05 0.000 181977 0 .000333337
78 1.44778E-07 2. 12803E-06 1.061 59E-05 3.31729E-05 8 . 01067E~5 0.000 164302 0 . 0003 010~
80 1 .3~ 1 5E-07 1.923K3E-06 9 .60083E.()6 3 . 00098E~5 7.2489E-05 0 .000 14 8721 0 .00027258"
82 118 1" 2E~ 7 1.74354E-06 8.7().l22E.()6 2.72U8E-05 6 . 57555E~)5 0.000134943 0 .00024740 1
84 1.07 123E-07 1.58389E-06 7.90986E-06 247377E-05 5.9786E-05 0.000122724 0 .000225059
86 973584E-08 1.44209E-06 7.2Q..109E-06 2 25361£-05 5.44786E-05 0 .0001 11 858 0 .000205 183
88 8 .868 14 E"()8 1.31582£-06 6.575 3 1£-06 2.0574 1E-05 4.97472E-05 0.000 102 167 0 .000 187452
270
90 8.09-1IJ7E-Og 1.20307E..(I6 6.01365E~ I 8821E..QS "'.55185E-05 \) 150] "'E-05 0,000171595
92 7.40H4E.QS 1.10214E.()6 l .l I07E.()6 l.72l07E.Ql 4.17296E.Ql 8.l7)87E'll 0.000 15738
94 6.78;6JE.QS I.OJl5SE.()6 5.0l924E.()6 I.l84DSE.Ql J.Sl16SE.Ql 7.876J4E.Ql 0 .000144607
96 6 .2301SE.Q8 930127E-07 46lJ09E.()6 1.4l72E.Ql J .l16J9E.Ql 7248J2E.Ql OOOOI))IOJ
98 5,7]059£-08 8.567 12E-07 4.28688E-06 1.34277E-05 3.25009E-05 6.68165E"{)5 0.000 12272
100 5.28E-08 7.9()..IE-07 0.000003956 123936E-05 3.000]2£-05 6. 16928E-05 0'<)001 1333
102 4.87283E-08 7.30381E-07 3.65644E-06 114571E.o.5 277409E.Ql l .70lO9E.Ql 0 .000 10482 1
104 4.5041 6E.Q8 6.7l9lJE.Q7 J.J847E.()6 1.0607lE.Ql 1.l6879E.Ql l.lSJ74E.Q5 9.70961E.Ql
106 4. 1697E.QS 6 1650 1E.Q7 J . IJ774E.()6 9.835J1E.()6 1.J82 11E.Ql 4.90058E.Ql 9.00696E.Ql
108 3.8657IE-08 58149E~7 29129E..Q6 9 13179£-06 22121 1E-05 ... .55152E-05 836671£..0.5
110 3,58893E-08 5.40.J.5E-07 2.70784£-06 8.49023E-06 2.057E-05 4.23299E-OS 7.78234E..()S
112 3.336-'7£-08 5.02%7E.Q7 1.l205 1E.()6 7,90403E.()6 1.91525E-05 3,9"'185E-05 7.248I1E.Ql
114 1.IOl82E.Q8 4.6867SE.Q7 l .3 mE.()6 7.J67l6E.()6 I.7855E.Ql 1.67lJE.Ql 6 .7l89JE.Ql
116 1.89477E.Q8 4.17261E.Q7 1. 19102E.()6 687lSJE.Q6 1.6665lE.Ql J.4J09 1E.Ql 6.3101JE.Ql
118 2.70133£-08 4.08435£-07 1.04786E.()6 6.41446E.()6 1.55734E-OS J .20649E.Ql l.89833E.Ql
120 2.52379£-08 3 81944E..()7 1.91S35E..()6 600952£-06 IA5693E-OS H 10013E-05 5.5 194E-05
122 23606E-08 3.57.567E-07 1.79339E-06 .5 62754E-06 1.36U9E-05 2.8101E-05 5.17042E-05
124 2.210J8E.Q8 J.Jl I04E.Q7 1.6l!ll98E.()6 5 . 27544E ~ 1. 27926E.Ql 2.6348SE.Q5 4.84859E.Ql
126 2.07192E.Q8 3.14378E.Q7 1.17724E.()6 4.9lO44E.()6 1.20059E-05 2.473IlE.Q5 4.ll14IE.Ql
128 1.94414E-08 2.95229E-07 IA8138E~ 4.65009E~ I. I 2787E-05 2.323.56E-05 4.27664E-05
130 1.82605E-08 2.77517E-07 1.3927E-06 4 .372 1 8E~ 1.06057E-05 2. 18514E-05 4.0223 1E-05
132 17168E-08 2.6111 3E-07 1.31055E~ 4.11472E-06 9.982 17E.()6 2.05688E-05 3.786l9E.Ql
134 161ll9E.Q8 2.45903E-07 I.2J4J8E.()6 3.87594E-06 9 .403SE.()6 193789E.Q5 J l679E.Ql
136 I. l2 17 3E.Q8 2.31785E-07 1.1 6J6lE.()6 J.65422E.()6 8.86672E.Q6 1.82739E-05 J.36476E.Q5
138 1.43459E..()8 2. I8666E.Q7 109792E.()6 3A481 .. E..06 8.36744E-06 1.72465E"()5 3.17588E-05
140 1 3536E-08 2.06462E..()7 I.03677E..06 3.25638£.-06 7.9028IE-06 1.62902E-05 3.0C006E-05
142 1.27825E-OS 1.95097E-07 9.798 16E-07 3.07777E-06 7.46998E-06 153994E.Q5 2.83624E-05
144 1.20806E.Q8 1.84lO4E.Q7 9.26719E-07 2.9112-4E-06 7.06639E.()6 1.4l686E.Q5 2.683'lE.Ql
148 1.08157E-08 1.6l389E.Q7 8.JOS9E.Q7 26106JE.()6 6.33775E~ 13068lE.Q5 2A0753E-05
150 1.02453E-08 1.5676E-07 7.8762 I E-07 2.47488E-06 6.0086lE.()6 1.23908E-O; 2.2S287E-05
152 9.71199E-09 1.48687E-07 7.47133E-07 2.34784E-06 5.7006"E-06 1.1 7565E-OS 2.J66J7E-OS
154 9 .21296E.Q9 IA1I 27E-07 7.092I3E..()7 2.2288<E.()6 5.41212E-06 1. 11623E-05 2.0l68<E.Q5
156 8.74558E-09 1.3404IE.Q7 6.73669E-07 2.1 173E-06 5. 1" '62E-06 1060l2E.Ql 1 9l<J2E.Ql
158 8.30745 E-09 1.27J94E.Q7 6.40324E-07 201264E.()6 4.8878 IE-06 I.OO824E-05 1.8581&05
160 7.89642E-09 1.21 155E..()7 6.09016E-07 1.91" 37E~ ".64947E-06 9.,59 137E-06 1.76773E-O,5
162 7.5105E-09 1. 15292E-07 5.7959')E-07 1.82202E-06 4.42548E-06 9. 1299E-06 1.6828E-05
164 7. 14787E-09 1.0978E'{)7 5.51937E-07 1.73518E-06 ".2 1482E-06 8.69586E-06 1.6029E-05
166 680686E.Q9 104l94E.Q7 l .2l90lE.Q7 1.65345E-06 4.01654E.()6 S.2873E.()6 1.l2768E.Ql
168 6A8595E-09 9.97102E.Q8 l .01J9 IE.Q7 1.17647E.()6 3.82979E-06 7.9024lE.()6 1.45683E-05
271
170 6. 18372E-09 9.5I082E-08 4.78288E..()7 1.5039JE-06 36.5376E-06 7.53969E-06 1.39004E-05
172 5.8989E-09 9.07686E..08 4.565E-07 1.4355E-(}6 ) 48774E-06 7. 1975E..Q6 1.32703E-{)S
174 5.63028E..()9 8.66737E..()g " .35939E-07 1.37093E..{Xi 3.33 103E-06 6.87-1SI E-06 1.26755E-OS
176 5.37678E-09 8.28072E-08 4.16523E..{)7 J.30995E-06 3. 18303E-06 6.569 .BE-06 1.2 11 37E-05
178 5.13739E..09 7.9 I 539E-08 3.98176E-07 1.2523 I E-06 3,O.l316E-06 6.28 109E-06 1.1 5826E-05
180 " .91 I 18E-09 7.56998E-08 3.80828E-07 1.19782E-06 2.91089E-06 6.0084E-06 I.I 0803E-05
182 4.69727E-09 7.24322E-08 3.64-11 4E-07 1.I-1626E-06 2.78572E-06 5.75034E-06 1.0605E-05
184 -I-I9489E-09 6.93389E..()g 3.48876E-07 1.097-1-1 E..06 2.66722£-06 5.506E-06 I.0 1549E-05
186 -I ,)0329E-09 66-109E-08 3.34 156E-07 105119£-06 2.55-19-1E-06 5.27449E-06 9.72838E-06
188 4.12179E-09 6.36323E-OS 3.20205E"'{)7 I 00735E-06 H485 1E-06 5.05502E-06 9.32404E-06
190 3.94976E-09 6.09992E-OS 3.06975E-07 965777E-07 2.3 -1 757E-06 4.S4685E-06 S.94049E-06
192 3.7866 1E..09 5.85009E-08 2.94-12IE-07 926325E-07 2.25178E-06 4.6-1928E-06 8.57646E-06
194 3.6318E-09 5.6129IE-08 2.82502E-07 888867E-07 2.16082E..Q6 4.46 168E-06 8.23077E-06
196 3.-IS4S2E..()9 5.3S764E·OS 2.71 18E"()7 8.53283E-07 2 .07HIE~ 4.2SH5E-06 7.90232E~
198 3.3452E-09 5.173S<;E-08 2.60419E-07 8.19.62E-07 1.99227E-06 4. II 403E-06 7.590 IE-06
200 3.2125E-09 4.97E-08 2.50188E-07 7.S73E-07 1.914 16E-06 3.9529E-06 7.293I4E-06

1.14 A specific symbol five times or any combination ofthat

(C1 )5+ 5C 1C2 [( C1 )3+ 2c 1 (C 2 ) 2 + 2 (C 1 )2C2+ (C 2 / ]
5 ' where t is the
t
values, each one for one fixed value of C] from 1 to 7.
272
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol five times or any
payline
Table 1: c, =1
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
r---
t
20 9.6H75E-06 6.59375E ~ 5 0.000244063 0.0006;6563 0.00 1453438 0.00 2822 188 0.0049878 13
22 6.0 1518E.{)6 .l.0942E-OS 0 .000151~ 0.000~076H 0.00090247 0.00 1752356 0.003097039
24 3.89319E.{)6 264988E.()5 980832E'()S 0.000263858 0.00058.jI().l 0001l3~ 17~ 0002()().1.19
26 2.609 13E.{)6 1.77589E-05 6.5733 1E'()5 0.000 176831 0 .00039 145) 0000760097 0 .00 1 3 ~3363
28 1.80124E~ 1.2260 1E-05 4.537%E"(); 0.000 122078 0.000270244 0.000524742 0 .000927406
30 1.27572E.{)6 8.68313E-06 3.21399E-05 864609E'()5 0000191399 o()(X)37I6-«) 000065683 1
32 9.23812E-07 6.28829E-06 2.32756E"()5 6.26 14 7E-05 0.000 1386 11 0.000269 145 0.000475675
34 6.82287E..()7 ~ .64395E.{)6 L7)892E-OS 4.624 ISE"()5 0.000 102365 0.000 198766 0.00035 129
36 5. I 2683E-07 3.48955E-06 J.29163E-OS 3..17467E-05 7.6919E '()5 00001 49356 0000263966
38 3.9 124E-07 2.662%E-06 9.85673 E-06 2.65 16E-05 586987E'()5 00001 13977 0.000201438
40 3.02734E"()7 2.06055E..Q6 7.62695E-06 2.05176E"{)S 4.54' 99E-05 8.8193 4E-05 0.000 155869
42 2.372E-07 1.6 1H9E-06 5.97592E.{)6 1.6076 1E-05 3.55877E-05 691018&05 0.000 122128
44 1.87974E-07 1. 279H E.{)6 4 . 7357 ~ E-06 1.27398E'()5 282022E'()5 5A76 11E-Q.5 967825E.()5
46 1.505 12E-07 1.02446E-06 3.79 194E-06 I.02009E...()5 2,258 17E-05 4.38477E-05 7,74945E-05
48 1.21662£-07 8.28088E-07 3065IE-06 8.24555E-06 1.81532E-05 35~429E"()5 626403E-05
50 9 . 92E~8 6.752E'()7 2.4992 E.{)6 6.7132 E-06 1 48832E-05 188992~5 5.10752E-05
52 8. 15352E.()8 5.54965E...()7 2.0.5 ~ 16E-06 5.52598E'()6 1.12329E.()5 2.3753E-05 4. 1980 IE-O.5
54 6.75 139E.()8 ~.5953E'()7 1.7009IE-06 ~ . 5757 E.{)6 10 1293E-O.5 1.96683E'()5 3.47609E-O.5
56 5.628M7E-08 3.8J127E-07 1A181 1E..()6 3 . 8 1 ~92 E-06 8445 13E-06 1 63982E-O.5 2898 U E-O.5
58 4.72304E-08 3.2 14 72E...()7 1.1 899E.{)6 3.20IE...()6 7.08609E-06 1,37593 E-05 2.43 176E-05
60 3.98663E'()8 2 . 711~8E-07 1.00437E-06 2.7019E4)6 598 122E.{)6 I 16139E-05 2.0526E'()5
62 3.38379E-08 2.301 16E'()7 8.52-t%E...()7 2.293HE..()6 507677E.{)6 9 8577~E.{)6 1.74221E-05
64 2.887 1E-08 1.96509E'()7 7.27363 E-07 1.9567 1E-06 ~ . 33 1 58E.{)6 8AI077E-06 IA8648E-05
66 2.47538E-08 1 .68~86E-07 6.23636E-07 1.67767E-06 3.71387£-06 7.211 34E-06 1.2745E-05
68 2.132 15E-08 1A5 124E-07 5.37163E-07 1 4.... 505E-06 ] 1989 1E-06 62 114 3E-06 1,09778E-05
70 1.84-147E-OS 1.l55~ 3E'()7 ~ .6468 7E-07 1.25007E.{)6 2. 7673E.{)6 5.37336E.{)6 9.49664 E-06
72 1.60214E-08 1. 090~9E.()7 ~ .03635 E.()7 1.08583E.{)6 2.40372E-06 4.66738E.{)6 8.24893E-06
74 1.39702E"()8 9.50876E..()S 3..5 1959E-07 94682E..()7 209598E.{)6 .. 06984E-06 7,19286£-06
76 1.22263E-08 8.32 I 75E..()8 3.08023E-07 8.28625E-07 1.83 433E-06 3.56179E-06 6. 29~95E...()6
78 1.0737 1E-08 7.308 18E"()8 2.70507E-07 7.2770IE-07 1.6 1092E-06 3. 12797E.()6 5.52824E-06
80 9.46045E-09 6A3921E-08 2 3 83 ~2E'()7 6.4 1174E-07 1.~1937E.{)6 27S6Q.1E.{)6 487091E-06
82 8J6 166E'()9 5.69 13 2E-08 2 1066E-07 5.66705E-07 1.25 ~ 52E.{)6 2 43594E.{)6 4305 18E.{)6
273
84 H1251E.()9 5.04529E<lS 1.86747E<l7 5.02377E<l7 1.1 1212E.Q6 2. 15943E.Q6 3.8 1649E.Q6
86 6 .58976E<l9 4.48529E<l8 1.660 19E<l7 H6616E<l7 9.88676E<l7 1.91975E.Q6 3J9287E.Q6
88 587~19E..()9 3.99824E<l8 1,~7992E"()7 3.98 119E"'()7 8.813 19E<l7 J.7 11 29E.Q6 3.02445E.Q6
90 5.2-'988E'()9 3.5733E"{)S 1.32263E-07 3.55806E-07 7.87651E-07 1.52941E-06 2.70JOIE-06
92 4.70352E-09 3.201 .l2E-08 11~98E...()7 3. 18777E-07 7.05679E-07 1.3702"E-06 2.42 I 7E-06
94 ·U2399E..(l9 2.8750",E-08 1.06417E<l7 2.86277E<l7 6.33734E-07 i.23054E.Q6 2.1748IE-06
96 3.80 194E<l9 2.58777E<l8 9.57844 E<l8 2.57674E<l7 5.7(}.l14E-07 1.l0759E.Q6 1.95751E.Q6
98 3.4295E-09 2.33428E-08 8.640 14£-08 2.32432E-07 5.1 -'536E-07 9.99092E-07 J.76575E.Q6
100 3. I E-09 2. I IE..Q8 7JI IE-08 2.10 1E-07 4.65 1E"()7 9.031E-07 1.596 I E-06
102 2.80777E.()9 1.91109E.{)8 7.07376E-08 1.9029.. E-07 ".21255E-07 8.17965E-07 1.44564E-06
104 2.54797E<l9 J.73417E<l8 641925E<l8 1. 72687E<l7 3.82278E<l7 7.42282E<l7 J.J1 188E.Q6
106 2.3165E<l9 1.5767 1E-08 5.8J609E<l8 1.56999E-07 H75lE<l7 6. 748.19E-07 1.1 927E.Q6
108 2_1098IE-09 lA36C)1 E..()8 5.31535E-08 IA299 1E'{)7 3,16539E-07 614635E-07 I .08628E-06
11 0 L92486E"()9 U IO\4E..()8 4.8494E"()8 1.30456E -07 2.8879 1E-07 5.6075"'E-07 9.9 10SJE"{)7
112 1.759Q2E"()9 I 19727E-08 ·$..*3 16E-08 1.19216E-07 2.6;\9IE-07 5. 124-1-3E-07 9.0567E-07
11 4 1.6 1004E.()9 1.09587E<l8 ~ . 05627E<l8 109119E<l7 2.4 1558E<l7 4.690-I-2E-07 8.28964E<l7
11 6 1.47595E"()9 I.OO46E<l8 3.71844E<l8 I.OOO3IE<l7 22 144E<l7 4.29978E<l7 7.59924E<l7
11 8 1.35504E-09 9.223E-09 3A1J82E"()8 9. 18366E-08 203299E<l7 3.9-1-753E-07 6.9767E<l7
120 I .H582E-09 8.47962E-09 J. 13866E..()8 8.-1-43-1-5E-08 1 86913E-07 3.62936E-07 6.4 1-1- 37E-07
122 1147E-09 7.&0698E-09 288969E-08 7.77368E-08 1.72087E-07 3.3-1-I.j.6E-07 5.90556E-07
124 1.05743E..09 7. I 9737E..()9 266405E<l8 7.16667E<l8 1.586-1-9E.()7 3.0805-1-E-07 5.44-1-42E-07
126 9.76JJJE·IO 6.644E<l9 2.45923E<l8 6.6 1566E<l8 1.4645 IE<l7 2.8437E<l7 5.02583E'()7
128 9.02219E·IO 6. 1409 1E<l9 2.2730IE<l8 6 . 1147JE<l8 iJ5362E<l7 2.62837E<l7 4.64526E<l7
130 8.3492&10 5.68284E..o9 2.10346E-08 5.6586E<l8 1.2526lE<l7 2.4 3231E-07 4.29876E<l7
132 7.73556E·1O 5.265 17E-09 1.9-1-886E-08 5.24272E-08 1. 16058E-07 2.2535-1-E-07 3.98282E-07
134 7. 17526E· 1O -1- .8838 1E-09 1.8077E...{)8 4.86298E-08 1.07652E..o7 2.09032E-07 3.69433E-07
136 6 .66296E·IO ·4.5351IE-09 1.678ME-08 -I-.5 1577E..o8 9.99659E-08 1.9-1-107E-07 J.4J056E<l7
138 6. 19393E·IO -I-21587E-09 1.560-I-7E-08 4. 19789E-08 9.29289E<l8 1. 80443E<l7 3. 18907E<l7
140 5.76397E- 1O 3.92322E-09 1.45215E-08 3.90648E<l8 8.6478IE-08 1.679 17E-07 2.%77E-07
142 5.36933E-IO 3.65.j.6 I E-09 1.35272E-08 363902E<l8 8.05572E-08 J.5642 1E-07 2.7645 I E<l7
144 500667E·IO 3 -I-0777E-09 1.26 136E-08 3.39323E<l8 7.l1162E<l8 1.-I-5856E-07 2.57779E-07
148 -I- .36569E·10 297 14 9E-09 1.09987E<l8 2.9588 IE<l8 6.5~995E<l8 1.27 182E-m 2.2-l-777E-07
150 4.0823E· 10 27786E<l9 1.02848E<l8 2.76675E<l8 6. 12477E<l8 1.18927E<l7 2. 10186E<l7
152 3.8207 IE-10 2.60055E-09 9.62572E-09 2589-1-5E-08 5.73229E<l8 J,II306E-07 1.967 17E<l7
154 3.57897E-1O 2.HGOIE-09 9.0 167E-09 2.42562E~ 536961E-08 1.0-4263E-07 1.8427 1E-07
156 3.35536E· IO 2.2838IE.()9 8.45333E-09 2.27-1-07E-08 5.03412E-08 9.77-4 9IE-08 1.72758E-07
158 3. 14 83E- 10 2. 14288E<l9 7.93 169E-09 2. JJJ74E<l8 4.723-1-7E-08 9. 17171E-08 1.62097E-07
160 2.95639E-1O 2.01225E.()9 7A482E<l9 2.00367E<l8 -I-.-I-3554E-08 8.61263E<lR 1,522 16E-07
162 2.77835E· 10 1.89107E-09 6.99964E<l9 1.883E-08 4. 16842E-08 8.09395E<l8 iA3().j.9E-07
274
164 2.61302£·10 1 77854E~ 6.58312E..()9 1.77095E-08 3.92037E-08 7.6123 IE"()8 1.34537E-07
166 2.45936E·1O 1.67395E-09 6. 19599E.()9 1.6668 1E-08 3.68983E-08 7. 16466E-08 1.26625E-07
168 2.3 164IE- 1O 1.57665E<l9 5.83l86E<l9 I.l6993E<l8 H7l36E<l8 6.7482lE<l8 1.1926lE<l7
170 2.18332E-IO 1. 48607E<l9 5.500llE<l9 1.47973E<l8 3.27568E<l8 6.36OlE<l8 1.124 13E-07
172 2.0593 E- IO 1.40165E-09 5. 188 11E-09 1.39l67E<l8 3.0896 IE-08 5.9992E-08 1.06027E-07
174 1.94364E· 1O 1.32293E-09 ~ .8967 I E..()9 1.31729E.o8 2.91608E-08 5.66226E-08 1.00072E-07
176 1.83569E·1O 1.24945E..o9 ~ .6247"E~ I 244I2E"()S 2.75-112E-08 5.}4777E-08 9,45 141 E-08
178 1.73485E-IO 1.18082E-09 4.3707E.()9 1 17578E<l8 2.60283E<l8 5.0l40 IE'()8 8.93223E-08
180 1.64059E- IO 1.11666E-09 4.13322E<l9 1.11189E<l8 2.4614IE<l8 4.7794E<l8 8.4469E<l8
182 1.5124 E-10 1.05664E<l9 3.9 11 06E-09 I.Ol2 13E-08 2.329 11E-08 4.l225E<l8 7.99288E<l8
184 1.46985E-10 1.00045£-09 3.70307E-09 9.96178&09 2.20525E-08 4.282E-08 7.56782E-08
186 1.3925IE-1O 947802E-lO 3.50822E-09 9 43759E-09 2.0892IE-08 4 . 0~8E-08 7. 1696IE"()S
188 I.3ZE-1O 8.9s.I49E-1O 3.32ll4E<l9 8.946 16E<l9 1.98042E<l8 3.84544E<l8 6.79627E<l8
190 1.2l 197E-10 8.52 147E- IO 3.1l415E<l9 848512E<l9 1.87836E<l8 3.64727E<l8 6A4603E<l8
192 1.1881 1E-1 0 8.08679E- IO 2.99326E-09 8.0523E-09 1.782S4E"()8 3.46 122£-08 6. 11722E-08
194 1.1 281 1E·1O 7.67845E- IO 2.842 12E.()9 7.6457E.Q9 1.69254E.Q8 3.28645E..Q8 5.808J3E.Q8
196 1.07172E-1O 7.2946 I E·1O 2.70004E.()9 7.2635E'()9 1.6()793E.Q8 3 12116E..Q8 5.51798E..()8
198 1.01868E-10 6.93356E-IO 2.5664E-09 6.90399E<l9 1.52834E<l8 2.96763E'()S 5.24486E<l8
200 9.6875E-I I 6.59375E- IO 2.44063E<l9 6.56563E-Q9 1.45344E-08 2.81119E<l8 4.9878 IE<l8
Table 2: C, =2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0.000075625 0.00031 0.000900625 0.00211 0.004275625 0.00781 0.013200625
22 4.69572E-05 0.000 192486 0.000559217 0.001310144 0002654827 OJ)()4849396 0.00819655
24 3.0392E..()5 0.000124582 0.0003619-41 0.0008-47962 000 1718278 0.003 138664 0.005305035
26 2.0368E-05 8.3-492E..05 0.00024256-4 0.000568284 0.00 115 155 0.00210346 0.0035553 12
28 1.40613E-05 5.76397E-05 0.000167457 0.000392322 0.000794986 0.001452 148 0.002454451
30 9.95885E-06 4.0823E-05 0.0001 18601 0.00027786 0.000563045 0.001028477 0.001738354
32 7.21216E-06 2.95639E-05 858903E<l5 0.000201225 0000407755 0.00074482 0.00125891
34 5.32624E..()6 2.18J32E.Q5 6.34]07E-05 0.000 148607 0.000]0 1131 0.000.550055 0.0009297 15
36 4.00224E-06 1.64059E<l5 4.766]E..()5 0.000 11 1666 0.000226275 0.000413322 0.000698605
38 3.0542E-06 l.25197E<l5 3.63727E<l5 8.52147E-05 0.000172676 0.000315415 0.000533122
40 2.36328E-06 9.6875E-06 2.81445E<l5 6.59375E<l5 0.000133613 0.000244063 0.00041252
42 1.85169E...Q6 7..5904IE...Q6 2.2052&05 5.166]8E'()5 0000 10469 0.000191229 0.00032]22
44 1.46741E-06 6.0 1518E-06 1. 74755E-05 -4 .0942E'()5 8.296]3E-05 0.000 1515+-1 0.000256 142
46 I. 17497E-06 4.8 164E-06 1.]9928E-OS ].27826E-OS 6.64294E-05 0.000 121342 0.000205095
48 9.4975E-07 3.89319E-06 1.1 3107E-05 2.64988E<l5 5.36%2E-05 9.80832E<l5 0.000 165782
275
50 7.7 .... E-{)7 3. I i44E-06 92224E..Q6 216064E-05 4.37824E-05 7.99744E-05 0.000 13517-4
52 6.365E-{)7 26Q9 I3E-06 7.5W1 4E-06 1.77589E-05 3.598591:-05 (i .5733 1E-05 0.000 1111 04
54 5.270HE-07 2,160"''''E-06 6.2766 IE-06 IA705E-05 2.97976E-05 5.44292E-05 9. 19974E"()S
56 4.3941 5E-07 1.80124E-06 5.23304E..Q6 1 2260 IE"'(); 2.4843 3E-05 4.53796E-05 7.670 16E-05
58 3.68702E.()7 1.51137E-06 4.3909E-06 1. 0287 1E-05 2.0s.l54E-05 3.80769E-05 6.43583E-05
60 3. 11214E-{)7 1.27572E-06 3.70628E-06 8.683 13E-06 1.75952E-{)5 3.21399E-{)5 5.43236E-{)5
62 2.64 154 E-07 1,0828[ E ..06 3. 14583E-Q6 7.370 1IE-{)6 1.49345E-{)5 2.72799E-{)S 4.6 109E-05
64 2.25 38E-07 9.23872E-07 268407E-06 6.28829E-06 1 274HE-05 2.32756E-05 3.93409E"()S
66 1.93239E..()7 7. 92122E-07 2.3013 1E-06 5.39 154E-06 1,09252E-05 1.99564E-05 3.37307E-05
68 1.66H5E-07 6.82287E-07 1.9822 1E-06 ·l.('-'395E-06 9.41033E-06 1.7 1892E-Q5 2.90536E"();
70 IA3988E-07 5.9023E-07 1.7 1476E-06 4.01 737E-06 8.14066E-06 1.487E"()5 2.5 1336E-{)5
72 1.2507E-{)7 5. 12683E-{)7 1.48947E"()6 H89S5E-06 7.071 IE-06 1.29163E-05 2. 18314E-{)5
74 109058E-07 '* 47047E-07 1 29878E-06 3.0428E-06 6.16582E-06 1 12627E-05 1.90364E-05
76 9.5+137B . ()g 3.9 124E-07 1. 1}665E-06 2.66296E-06 5.396 12E-06 9.85673E..()6 1.6660IE-05
78 8.3819E-08 3.43589E-07 9.9820SE-07 2.33862E-06 ..l .73889E-06 8.6562 IE-06 146309E-{)5
80 7.3852SE-{)8 3.01734E-{)7 8.795 I 7E-{)7 2.0605SE-{)6 4. 17542B-{)G 7.G2G9S E-{)G 1.289 12E-05
82 6.52749E-{)8 267573E-{)7 7.77365E-{)7 L82122E-06 3.69046E-06 6.74112E-06 I 1394E-{)5
84 5.7865·m-08 2.372E-07 6.89124E-07 1.6 1449E-06 3.27 I 55E-06 5.97592E-06 1.0 1006E-05
86 .5. 144 26E-08 2.10872E-07 6.12635E-07 1.43529E-06 2.90842E-06 5.3 1262E..()6 8.9795E-06
88 4.58.566E-08 1.87974E-07 5.46111E-07 I 27944E-06 2. 5926E-06 4.73574E-06 8.00444E-06
90 4.t)9829E-08 1.67996E-07 4.88069E-07 I. 14346E-06 2.3 1706E-06 4.23242E-06 7. 15372E-06
92 3.67 178E-{)8 U05I 2E-{)7 4J727SE-{)7 I02+46E-06 207592E-06 3.79194E-06 6.40922E-06
94 3.29743E-08 1.351G8E-07 3.92694E-{)7 9200 llE-{)7 L86428E-06 3. 40535E-06 S.75579E-{)6
96 2.96797E-08 1.2 1662E-07 3.534.58E-07 828088E-07 1.6780 I E..()6 3.06.5 1E-06 5. 1807E-06
98 2.67723E-OS 1.09744E-07 3. 18833E-07 7 46%8E-07 1.5 1363E-06 2.76484E-06 4.6732E-06
100 2.42E-{)8 992E-{)8 2.882E-{)7 6752E-{)7 1.3682E-06 2.4992E-06 4.2242E-06
102 2. 19187E-{)8 8.98485E-{)8 2.61032E-{)7 6. 1I549E-{)7 1.23922E-06 2.2636E-06 3. 82599E-06
104 1.98906E-08 8.153.52E-08 2.36879E-07 .5.54%5E-07 1.1 2456E-06 2.05"16E-06 3.47198E-06
106 180836E-OS 7.4 128E-08 2. 1536E-07 504549E-07 1.0224E-06 1.86755E-06 3. 1565 7E-06
108 1 6470lE-08 6.75 139E-08 1.96 144£-07 4.5953E-07 9.3 1 174E-07 1.7009 1E-06 2.87492E-{)6
110 1.50263E-08 6. I 5954E-{)8 1789SE-{)7 4. 19246E-07 8.49545E-07 L55181E..Q6 2.6229E-06
11 2 1.373 17E-{)8 5.62887E-{)8 1.63532E-{)7 3. 83127E-{)7 7.7GJ53E-07 1.41 8 11E-06 2.39692E-06
11 4 1.25687E-{)8 5.152 14E-08 1.49682E-07 3.50678E-07 7. I06E-07 1.29801 E-06 2. 19392E-06
116 I 1.52 19E-08 4 72304E-08 1.372 16E-07 32 1472E-07 6.5 141 8E-07 I . I 899E-06 2.0 1 12E-06
11 8 I.057SE-08 ·U36 12E-OS 1.25975E-07 2.95 136E-07 5.98053E-07 1.092..l2E-06 1.84644E-06
120 971544E-{)9 3.98663E-{)S l.l582 IE-{)7 2.71348E-{)7 5.49849E-{)7 1.00437E-06 1.6976 1E-06
122 8.95J9SE-09 3.67039E-08 I.06634E-{)7 2.49823E-{)7 5.06233E-07 9.24702E-07 1.56295E-06
124 8.25481E-09 3.38379E-08 9.83073E-{)8 2.30316E-07 4.66704E-07 8.52496E-07 1.4409 IE-06
126 7.62013E-09 3. 12363E-08 9.07~89E-08 2 12608E-07 4.3082 I E-07 7.869.52E-07 1.330 12E-06
276
128 7.0-l313E-09 2.887 1E-08 8.38772E-08 1.96509E-07 3.98199E-07 7.27363E-01 1.229-1E-()6
130 6.51776E-09 2.6717-1E-08 7. 76206E-08 1.8 185 1E-07 3.68496E-07 6.73 107E-07 1.1 377E..()6
132 6 .0 3873E-09 H753&E-O& 7. 1915&E-O& 1.68486E-07 HI~ 1 3E-07 6 .23636E-07 1.0~08E-06
134 5.601 33E-09 2.29608E-08 667068E-08 1.56282E-07 3.16684E-07 5 .78465E-07 9.77733E-07
136 5.2014 1E-09 2. 132 15E"()8 6. 1944E-08 1.45 12-1 E-07 2.9-'073E-07 5.37 163E-07 9.07925E-07
138 -I .83526E-09 1.98206E.()8 5.75836£-08 1.34908E-07 2.73372£-07 4.9935 IE-01 8.440 13£-07
140 4.49961£-09 1 8~"'7E-08 5.35863£-08 12S543E-07 254395£-07 46~7E-01 78542-1£-07
142 4 . 1 9 1 5~ E-09 1.7 18 19E-08 -I.99 17-1E-08 1. 16947£ -07 2.36978E-07 4.32872E-07 7.3 1649E-07
144 3 . 9084~E-09 1.602 "E-08 ~ . 6~59E-08 1.090~9E-07 2.20972E-07 4.03635£-07 6 .82232E-07
148 l.40806E-09 139702E-08 ~ 05869E-08 9.50876E-08 1.92682£-07 3. 51959E-07 59~889E-07
150 3. 18683E-09 1.30634£-08 379523£-08 8.89152E-08 1.80(74 £-07 3.29113£-07 S.56273£-07
152 2.98262£-09 1.22263£-08 3.55203£-08 8.32 175E-08 1.68629£-07 3.08023£-07 5.20627E-07
154 2.79391£-09 1.1-1527£-08 3.3 2729E-08 7 .79523£-08 15796E~7 28853 -4E..()7 4.&7687E-07
156 2.6 1914E-09 1.07371E-08 3.119-1E..()& 7.30& 18E-08 1.4809£-07 2.70507E-07 4.572 16E-07
158 lA577IE-09 1.007~6E-08 2.9269E-08 6.8572E~8 1.38952E -07 2.538 14E-07 4.29OO2E-07
160 2 .30789E-09 9 '6Q.I5E-09 2 . 748~9E-08 6 .4392IE-08 1.3t»82E-07 2 .3 83 ~ 2£..()7 4.0285 1E..()7
162 2. 1689E"()9 8.8907 LE"()9 2.S8297E..o8 6 .0S 142E-08 1.22624E-07 2.23989E-07 3.7859E-07
164 2.03984E-09 8.36166E-09 2 .... 2926E-08 5.69 132E-OS I. I 5327E-07 2.I066E..{)7 3.56062E-07
166 1.91 988E-09 7 . 8699~E-09 2 . 2~IE-08 535663E..o8 1.085~5E-07 1.98212E..()7 3.J5I23E-07
168 L80829E"()9 7 ~ 1251E-09 2 J.S35IE-OS 5 O~529E"()8 1.02236E-07 L86747E..()7 3. I~E-07
170 1.704 ~ E-09 6.98662E-09 2.02978E-OII 4.7554 1E-08 9.636 18E-08 1.7CJO 18E-07 2.97509E-07
172 1.60758£-09 6.58976E-09 1.914-48E-08 448529£-08 9.08882E-08 1.66019E-07 2.80609E-07
174 1.51729E-09 6 . 2196~E-09 1.80696E-08 421337E-08 8 5783~E-08 1 56695E-07 2 <>I849E-07
176 1.43302E-09 5.874 19E-09 1.7066E-08 3.99824E-08 8. 10 189E-08 1.47992E-07 2.50 139£-07
178 I.3S43E-09 55S152E-09 1.61285E-08 J .77861£-08 7.65684E-08 1.39862E-07 2.36398E-07
180 1.28072E-09 524988E-09 1 52522E-08 3 5733£-08 7.2408IE-08 1.32263E-07 223554E-07
182 1.2 1188E-09 4.96769E-09 L44323E-01S 3 . 38 1 2 ~ E-08 6 .85 16 1E-08 1.25 154 E-07 2.11538E-07
184 1.1 4743E-09 " .70352E-09 1.3~8E-08 3 .20142E-08 6.48725E-08 I. 18498E-07 2.00288E-07
186 1.08705E-09 H5602E-09 12~58E-08 303297E-08 6. "589E-08 1 12263E-07 1.89749E-07
188 1.030"5£-09 4.22399E-09 1.227 17E-08 2.87504E-08 5.82586E-08 1.06417E-07 1.79869E-07
190 9.773 "~E - 1O 4.0063E-09 1.16]93E-08 2.72687E-08 5.52563E-08 1.00933E-01 1.70599E-07
192 9 .27"9E-1O 3.8019"E-09 1 1~S6E-08 2.58777E-08 5 H377E-08 9 . 578~~E-08 1.61897£-07
194 8.80657E· 10 3.60997E-09 1.04878£ -08 2.4571 1E-08 4.97899E-08 9 . 09~ 78E-08 1.53722E-07
196 8.36633£-10 lA295E-09 9.963,"E-09 233428E-08 4.73009E ..08 8.640 I4E-08 ' ....6037£-07
198 7.9522"E-1O 3 .25976£-09 9 "7039£-09 2.2187--4E-08 " .... 9597E-08 8.21H9E-08 1.38809E-07
200 7.5625E-1O ] IE-09 9 .00625E-09 2. 11E-08 4.27563£-08 7.81E-08 1.32006E-07

downloaded from www.infarom.com/SLT/SreeIA1 .14.zip
277
least one of three other specific symbols
The probability of this event is 5( q,)4(1- q,) + (q2)5, where q,
following table of values, and each table lists seven values of q2.
Tables ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol four times or any
payline
Table 1: q2 from 0.005 to 0.035

0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
q2
q,
0.005 3 . 1125E~9 320938E-09 J .86875E-09 6.30938E-09 1.2875E-O& 2.74094E-08 5.563 13E-08
0.0 ' 4.9503 IE-OS 4.96E-08 50259-lE..()8 5.27E-O& 5.92656E-08 7.38E-08 I .02022E-07
0.0 ' 5 2.4933 1E-07 2A9428E.()7 2.50088E'()7 252528E'()7 2.59094E-07 2.73628E.()7 3.0185E..(}7
0.02 7.84003E.()7 7.84IE.()7 7.84759E.()7 7.872E'()7 7.93766E'()7 8.083E.()7 8.36522E'()7
0.025 L904 3E.()6 L9044E.()6 L90506E.()6 L9075E.()6 1.9 1406E.()6 L9286E.()6 L95682E.Q6
0.03 3. 9285E.()6 3. 9286E~ 3. 92926E-06 3.93 17E-06 3.93827E...()6 3.9528E-06 3.98102E..()6
0.035 7 ,24052E-06 7,H 062E..06 7 .24128E-06 7.24372E-06 7.25028E-06 726482E.()6 7.29304E-06
0.04 12288E'()5 12288IE-05 1.22888E-05 1.22912E"()5 1.22978E-05 1.23 123E-05 1.23405E-05
0.045 195805E'()5 195806E'()5 195812E'()5 L95837E'()5 L95903E.()5 L96048E'()5 L9633E.()5
0.05 2.96875E.()5 296876E'()5 2.96883E'()5 2.96907E'(); 2.%973E-05 2.97 118E"()5 2.974E.()5
0.055 4.32367E-O.5 4.3 2368E'()5 ·U2375E-05 4.32399£..05 4.32465E-05 ·U261E-05 4.32892E.()5
0.06 6.09 12E-05 6 .09121E-05 6.0912SE-05 6.09152E-05 6 .092 18E-05 6.09363E'()5 6.09645E'()5
0.065 S.H517E-05 S.345 1SE-05 8.H524E-05 8.34549E-05 8.346 14E-05 8 .3476E-05 8.35(}l2E'()5
0.07 0 .000 111647 0 .000111647 0.000111647 0.000 111 65 0.000 111656 0.000 111671 0 .0001 11 699
0.D75 0 .000146338 0 .000146338 0 .000 146339 0.0001463 4 1 0.000146348 0.000 146362 0 .00014639
0.08 0.OO()l884 16 0.000188416 0 .000188417 0.000 1884 19 0.000 188426 0.000 18844 0.000 188469
0.085 0 .000238818 0.000238818 0 .000238819 0.00023882 1 0.000238828 0.000238842 0 .00023887
0.09 0 .000298526 0 .000298526 0000298526 0 .000298529 0 .000298535 0 .00029855 0 .000298578
0.095 0.000368564 0 .000368564 0 .000368565 0.000368567 0.000368574 0.000368588 0.()00368617
0. ' 0.00045 0 .00045 0 .00045000 1 0 .000450003 0 .00045001 0 .()()O.I50024 0 .000450053
278
Table 2: q2 from 0.040 to 0.070
0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
q2
q,
0.005 1.05509E-07 1.8763 8E-07 3. 15609E-07 5.0639"'E-07 7.80709E-07 1 1634E-06 1.6838 1E-06
0.0 1 1.5 19E-07 2.34028E-07 0.000000362 5.52784E-07 827 1E-07 1.20979E-06 1. 7302E~
0.0 15 3.5 1728E-07 -'-33856E-07 5.61828E-07 7 . 52613E~7 I _02693E~ 1 "0962&06 1.93003E-06
0.02 8.864 E'{)7 9.68528E.{)7 1 0965E.{)6 1.28728E.{)6 1 56 16E.{)6 1944 29E.{)6 2.4647E.{)6
0.025 2.0067E.{)6 2.08883E.{)6 2.2 168 E.{)6 2.40758E.{)6 2.68 19E.{)6 3.06459E'{)6 3.585E'{)6
0.03 4.0309E.{)6 ",.I 1303E-06 O.()()()OO.IW ",.4 3178E-06 4 .706IE-06 5.08879E.{)6 5.6092E-06
0.035 7. 34292E-06 7.4250-4 E-06 7.55302E-06 7.74]8E-06 8 .0 18 12E-06 8400IS I E.o<i 892 122E-06
0.04 1.2390-' E-05 I.H725E-05 1.26005 E-05 1.279 13E-05 1.30656E-05 ] ,)4483E-05 1.) 9687E-05
0.045 196829E'{)5 1.9765E-05 1.9893E'{)5 2.00838E'{)5 2.0358 1E-05 2.07408E'{)\ 2.126 12E-O;
0.05 2.97899E-05 2.9872E.{)5 0()()()()3 3.01908E'{)5 3.0465 IE'{)\ 3 08478E'{)\ 3 13682E'{)5
0.055 4.3339 I E'{)5 ·U 42 12E-05 4 ,35492 E-05 ".374E-05 4.40 143 [ -05 4.4 397E-05 4.49 174E-05
0.06 6. 10 144E-05 6.I0963E"(); 6.12245E.{)5 6. 14 153E.{)5 6.16896E'{)5 6.20723E-OS 6.25927E'{)5
0.065 8.3554 1E-05 8.36362E-05 8.37642E-05 8.3955E'{)5 8.42293E-05 8A612E"()5 85 1324E-05
0.07 0.000 111 7"'9 0.000 111831 0.0001 11 959 0.000 112 15 0.000112424 0.000 112807 0.000 113327
0.G75 0.00014644 0000 146522 0.000 14665 0.000 14684 1 0.000 147115 0.000 147498 0.000 1480 19
0.08 00001885 18 0000 18860 1 0.000 188729 0.0001889 19 0.000 189194 0.000189576 0.000190097
0.085 0.00023892 0.000239002 0.000239 13 0.00023932 1 0.000239595 0.0002 39978 0.000240499
0.09 0.000298628 0.0002987 1 0.000298838 0.OOO29')()29 0.000299303 0.000299686 0.000300206
0.095 0 000368666 0.000368749 0.000368877 0.000369067 0.000369342 0.000369724 0.000370245
0. 1 O.(){)()450J02 0.000450 185 0.000450313 0.000450503 0.()()().l50778 0.00045 11 6 0.00045168 1
Table 3: q2 fro m 0.075 to 0.105

q2 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0. 100 0. 105
I--
ql
0.005 23761 6E.{)6 3. 2799 I E.{)6 4.440 16E-06 5.9080IE-06 7.74092E.{)6 1.0003 1E-05 l.276S9E-05
0.0 1 2.42255E-06 3.3 263E.{)6 4.4 8655E-06 5. 9544E-06 7.7873IE-06 1.00495E-05 1.28 123 E'{) 5
0.0 15 2.62238E.{)6 35261 3E.{)6 4.68638E.{)6 6. 15..t23E..{)6 7.98714E-06 1.02493E-05 1.l0 12 1E'{)5
0.02 31570lE.{)6 4 0608E.{)6 522 105E-06 6.6889E..{)6 8.521 8 I E-06 0.()()()()10784 1.35468E-05
0.025 4.27734E-06 5.181I E-06 6.34135 E..Q6 7.8092E-06 9.642 11 E-06 1.1 9043E-05 1.4667 1E-05
0.03 6.30155E-06 7.2053E-06 8.36555E.{)6 9.8334E-06 I. 16663E-05 1.39285E-05 1.669I3E-05
0.G35 961356E-06 1.05173E-05 1 16776&05 I.l I4 54E'{)5 l.49783E-05 1.72-'05E-05 2.00033E'{);
0.04 L466 IE-05 1.55648E"'()s 1.67251E-05 1.81929E"'()5 2.00258E'{)5 0.()()()()22288 2.50508E.{)S
0.045 2.19535E-05 2.28573E.{)5 2.40175E...()5 2.54854E-05 2.73183E"'()5 2.95805E-05 3.23433E-05
279
0.05 3,20605E..()S 3.2%l3E-<J5 3A1H6E'()S 3.5592-'E'{)S 3.742.53E"()S 3.9687SE"()5 4.24503E'()S
0.055 4.5609gE"()S 4.65135E"()S ... .76738E-05 ....91-116E-OS 5.097-lSE-OS 5.32367E-<J5 5.59995E-<J5
0.06 6.3285E-05 6A1888E-<J5 6.m9 IE-<J5 6.68 169E-<J5 6.86.I98E-<J5 0.000070912 7.36748E-<J5
0.065 8.58247E-<J5 8.67285E-05 878887E-<J5 8.93566E-<J5 9. 11895E-05 9.345 17E-<J5 9.62 145E-05
0.D7 0.000 11-102 0 .000114923 0.0001160&.4 0.000117551 O.OO()J 19384 0.000121647 0.000 124409
0.D75 0.0001487 11 0.00014%15 0.000150775 0.000152243 0.000 154076 0.000156338 0.000159101
0.08 0.000190789 0 .000191693 0 .000192853 0,000194321 0.000 1961 54 0 .000198416 0.00020 1179
0.085 0.00024 1191 0.000242095 0 .000243255 0.000244723 0 .000246556 0.000248818 0.000251581
0.09 0.000300899 0.000301802 0000302%3 0.00030... .0 0.000306263 0.000308526 0.000311288
0.095 0.000370937 0.000371841 0.00037300 1 0.000374-469 0.000376302 0 .000378564 0.000381327
0. 1 0 .000452373 0.000453277 0 .000454437 0.000455905 0.000457738 0.00046 0.000462763
Table 4: q2 fro m 0.110 to 0.140

0.11 0 0.115 0.120 0.125 0.130 0.135 0.140
q2
ql
0.005 1.61082E-05 2.01 I 67E..()5 2A8863E-05 3.05207E-<J5 3.71324E-<J5 4.48434E-OS 5.37855E-<J5
0.0 1 1.615-16E-OS 2.0163 1E-05 2A9327E'(),5 3.05671E-05 3.71788E-05 4A8898E.()5 5.38319E..()5
0.0 15 \ ,63544E-05 2.03629E'()S 2.51325E-05 3. 07669E4>5 3.73786E-05 4 ..50897E-05 S.40317E-05
0.Q2 1.68891E-05 2.08976E-05 2.56672E-05 3 13016E-05 3.79133E-05 4.56243E-<J5 5.45664E-05
0.Q25 1.8oo94E-<J5 2.20179E-<J5 2.67875E-<J5 3.14219E-05 3.90336E-<J5 4.67446E-<Jl 5.56867E-<J5
0.D3 2.oo336E-<J5 2AW21E-05 2.S8 117E-<J5 3.4446 1E-<J5 4.l0578E-<J5 4.87688E-<J5 5.77109E-<J5
0.035 2.33456E-05 2.7354 I E-05 3.21237E-<J5 3. 7758IE.Q5 4A3698E.{)5 5.20809E-<J5 6. 10229E-05
0.04 2.83931E-05 3.24016E-OS 3.71712E'{)S 428056E-05 494173E'{)S S.71283E-OS 6.60704E-05
0.045 3.56856E-05 3.96941E-05 4A4637E.Q5 5.0098IE-05 5.67098E-05 6.44208E-05 7.33629E-05
0.05 4.57926E-05 4.91lO1 1E-05 545707E-05 6.02051E-05 6.68168E-<J5 7.45278E-<J5 8.34699E-<J5
0.055 5.93418E-05 6.33503E-05 6.8 1199E-05 7.3 7543E-<J5 8.0366E-<J5 8.8077E-<J5 9.70 191E..()5
0.06 7.70171E-05 8. 10256E-05 8.57952E-<J5 9. 142%E-Ol 9.804 13E-<J5 0.000105752 0.000 114694
0.065 9.95568E-05 0.000103565 0.000 108335 0.000 113%9 0.000120581 0.000128292 0.000137234
0.07 0.000 127752 0.00013176 0.000 13653 0.000142164 0.(0)148776 0.000 156487 0.000 165429
0075 0000162443 0.000166451 0.000 17 1221 0.000176855 0.000183467 0.000191 178 0.00020012
0.08 O.OOO2().1521 0.00020853 0.000213299 0.0002 1S934 0.000225545 0.000233256 0.000242198
0.085 0.000254923 0000258931 0.000263701 0.000269335 0.000275947 0.000283658 0.0002926
0.09 0.00031--'631 0.00031&639 0.000323409 0.000329043 0.0003356l5 0.000343366 0.000352308
0.095 0.000384669 0.00038&678 OJ)()J93447 0000399082 0.000405693 0.000413404 0.000422346
0. 1 0.000466105 0.()()()470114 0.()()0474883 O.()()().IS0518 O.0tX)..l87 129 0.00049484 0.000503782
280
Table 5: q2 from 0.145 to 0.175
q2 0.145 0.l50 0.155 0.160 0.165 0.170 0.175

~
ql
0.005 6.4 1005E<l5 7.59-106E-OS 8.94692E<l5 0.000 10486 1 0.000122301 0.000 141989 0 .000164134
0.01 6.41~68E-05 0.000075987 8.95 156E-OS O'(XlOi04907 0.000 1223-"8 0.000 142035 0.00016418
0.015 6.43~7E-05 7.61868E-05 8.9715~E..()5 0000105107 O.C)OOI 225-H 0.0001-42235 0.00016438
0.02 6.41!813 E<l5 7.67215E'()5 9.0250 1E<l5 0000105642 0.000 123082 0.000 14277 0.0001649 15
0.025 6.600 16E<l5 7.784 18E<l5 9. 13704E<l5 0.000106762 0.000 124202 0.000 14389 0.000 166035
0.03 6.S0258E-OS 0.000079866 9.33946E-O's 0.000 108786 0.000126227 0.000 1459 14 0.000 168059
0.035 7. 13379£..05 8.3 178E-OS 9.67066E..Q5 0.000112098 0.000129539 0.000 149226 0 .000 17 137 1
0.04 7.63853E-05 882255E-O,S 0.000)0 1754 0 .000117146 O.OOOIH586 0.000 154274 O.OOOI7&.l 19
0.045 !U6778E"()5 9.5518E-05 0.000 109047 0.000 12,"38 0.000 141879 0.000 16 1566 0.000 183711
0.05 9.37848E<l5 0.000 105625 0.0001 19 154 0.000 134545 0.000151986 0.000 171673 0.000193818
0.055 0.000107334 0.0001 19174 0.000132 703 0.000148094 0.000 165535 0.000 185222 0.000207368
0.06 0.000125009 000013685 0.000150378 0.000 16577 0.000183 21 0.000202898 0.000225043
0.065 0.000\ 47549 0000159389 0.000172918 0 ,000 188309 0.00020575 0.000225431 0 .000147583
0.07 0.0001757-'4 0.000187584 0.00020 11 13 0.00021 6504 0 .000233945 0.000253632 OJJOO2757n
0075 0.0002 10-1-35 0.000222275 0.000235804 0.00025 11 95 0.000268636 0.000288324 0.000310469
0.08 0.0002525 13 0.000264354 0.000277882 0.000293274 0.0003107 14 0.000330402 0.000352547
0.085 0.000302915 0.000314755 0.000328284 0.000343675 0 .00036 1116 0.000380804 0 .000402949
0.09 0 .000362623 0 .()()C)314463 0.000387992 0.000403383 0000420824 0.000-140511 0.000462656
0.095 0.00043266 1 0.(HX)444502 0.00045803 0.000473422 0000490862 0.0005105 5 0.000532695
0.1 0.0005 14091 0.000525938 0.000539466 0.000554858 0.000572298 0.000591986 0 .0006 141 3 1
Table 6: q2 from 0.180 to 0.210
q2 0.180 0. 185 0.190 0.195 0.200 0.205 0.210
ql
0.005 0.00018896 0.0002 16703 0.000247613 0.000281954 0 .000320003 0 .000362054 0.0004084 13
0.01 0.000189006 0.000216749 0.00024 7659 0.000282 0.00032005 0.0003621 0.00040846
0.015 0 .000189206 O.OQl)2 I 6949 0.000247859 0.0002822 0 .000320249 0.0003623 0000408659
0.02 0.CKXl 189741 0 .000217434 0.000248394 0.000282735 0.0003 20784 0.000362835 0.000409194
0025 0.000 19086 1 0.000218604 0 .000249514 0.000283855 0.000321904 0.000363955 0 .0004103 14
0.03 0.000192885 0.000220628 0.00025 1538 0.000285879 0.000323929 0.000365979 0.0004 12339
0.035 0 .000196197 0.00022394 0.00025485 0.000289 19 1 0 .000327241 0.00036929 1 0.0004 15651
0.04 0 .000201245 0 .000228988 0.000259898 0.000294239 0000332288 0.00037.... 339 0 .000420698
0.045 0.000208537 0.00023628 0.00026719 0.000301 531 0.00033958 0.000381631 0.000427991
281
0.05 0.000218644 0.0002.16387 0.000277297 00003 11638 0.0003' 9688 0.000391738 0.~38098
0.05 5 0.000232 194 0.0002599)7 0.000290847 0.000325 187 0.000363237 O.O(X)405287 0 .00045 1647
0.06 O.OOOH~869 0.0002776 12 0.000308522 0000342863 0.0003809 12 0000422963 0.000469322
0.065 0.000272408 0 .000300152 0.000]3 1062 0.000365402 0.000403452 0 .000445502 0.00049 1862
007 0.000300603 O . OOO328J~ 0.000359256 0.000393597 0.0004316-17 0.000473697 0.000520057
0075 0.000335295 0.000363038 0.0003939' 8 0 . ~28289 0.000' 66338 0000508389 0.000554748
0.08 0.0(037737) 0.00040511 6 0.000' 36026 0.000' 70367 0.000508416 0.000550467 0.000596826
0.085 O.~27775 0.000455518 0OOO48(W28 0.000520768 0.000558818 0.000600868 O.()()O6..l.7228
0.09 0.000487482 0.0005 15225 0 .000546135 0.000580476 OJ)Q06 I X526 0 ,000660576 0.000706936
0.095 0,000557521 0.000585264 0 .000616174 0.000650515 O.()(X)688564 0 .000730615 0.000776974
0.1 O,00063!S957 0.0006667 0.0006976 1 0.00073 1951 000077 0.000812051 0.0008584 1
Table 7: q2 from 0.2 15 to 0.245

q2 0.21 5 0.220 0.225 0.230 0.235 0.240 0.245
I---
ql
0.005 0.000459' W 0.000515366 0.00057665-1 0.00064363 7 0.0007 16706 0.000796266 0.000882738
0.01 0.000459451 0000515411 00005767 0.000643684 0.0007 16753 0.000796312 0 .000882785
0.0 15 0.000459651 0.000515613 0.0005769 O.0006~ 388~ 0.000716952 0.0007965 12 0.000882984
0.02 0.t)())..U,()185 0.OOO5 16U7 0.OOO5nH ~ O.OOO64~~ I!I 0OOO717~87 0.000797046 0.0008835 19
0.025 0.000461306 0.000517267 0.000578555 O.OOO6H539 0.000718607 0.000798 167 0.000884639
0.03 O.()()()46333 0.000519292 0.000580579 00006'7563 0 .000720632 0.000800191 0.000886664
0.035 0.000-'66642 0.000522604 0.00058)891 0.000650875 00007239-14 0.000803503 0.000889976
0.04 0.OOO~ 7 i689 0.000527651 0.000588938 0.000655922 0.000 72899 1 0.00080855 0.000895023
0.045 0.000478982 0.OtXI53-'944 0.000596231 00006632 15 0.00073628-1 0.000815843 0.000902)16
0.05 0.00(H89089 0.000545051 0.0006(6)38 0.000673322 0 . OOO7~639 1 0.00082595 0.000912423
0.055 0000502638 0.0005586 0.0006 19887 0000686871 0.00075994 0.000839'99 0.000925972
0.06 0.00(52031) 0.000576275 0.000637562 0 . OO070~5-'6 0.000777615 0.000857 174 0.000943647
0.065 0.000542853 0.000598815 0.000660102 0000727086 0.000800155 0.00087971-1 0.000966187
0.07 0.00057 10-'8 0.0006270 1 0.000688297 O.OOO7552H 1 0.00082835 0.000907909 0.000994382
0.075 0.000605739 0.00066 170 1 0.000722988 0.000789972 0 .00086 30~ I 0.0009426 0.001020073
0.08 0000647817 0.000703779 0.000765066 000083205 0.0009051 19 0.000984678 0.00 107 1151
0.085 0.0006982 19 0.000754 181 0.000815468 0.000882452 0.000955521 0.00 103508 0.001121553
0.09 0.000757927 0,0008 13889 0.000875 176 0.0009421 6 0.0010 15229 0.001094788 0.00 11 8126 1
0.095 0.000827965 0.0008!0927 0.0009452 14 0,001012198 0.001085267 0.001 164826 0.00125 1299
0.1 0000909~1 0.000965363 0.00102665 0.00 1093634 0.00 1166703 0.00 1246262 0.001332135
282
Table 8: q2 from 0.250 to 0.280
q2 0.250 0.255 0.260 0.265 0.270 0.275 0.280
-ql
0.005 0.000976566 Q,OOI07M.207 0.00 1188 141 0.00130686. O.OOl" 3 ~894 0.00 1572767 0.00 172 104
0.01 0,0009766 12 0,001078253 0.001188187 0 .00 13069 1 0.00 14)494 0.00 1572813 0.001721086
0.DI5 0.0009768 12 0.001078"'53 0 .00 1188387 00013071 1 0.00 IH5 1.* 000 1573013 0.00 1721286
0.02 0,000977347 0.001078988 0,001188922 0_001307M5 0.00 1435675 000 1573.548 0.001721821
0.025 0.000978467 0.001080108 0.001190042 0.001308765 0.00 1436795 0 ,001574668 0,00 1722941
0.03 0,000980491 0 .001082132 0.00 1192066 0 .001310789 0.00 1438819 0 .00 1576692 0 .001724965
0.D35 0.000983803 0001085444 O.OOI19537S 0.0013 14101 0.001-&42131 0 .001580004 0.001728277
0.04 0 .000988851 0 .00 1090492 0.001200426 0.0013191 49 0.001 "47179 0 .00 1585052 0 .0017)3325
0.045 0.000996143 0.00 109778-4 O.OOI207i18 0 .00 1326-141 0.00 )454471 0.00 1592344 0.001740617
0.05 0 .00100625 0001107891 0.00 1217825 0001336548 0.00 1464578 0.001602451 0,001750724
0.055 0 .0010 19799 O.(XHI114-1' 0 .(012)1314 0 .001350098 0.00 1478 127 0 .0016 16 0.00 176.. 27 ..
0.06 0.001037-' 75 0.£)(11139 116 0 .00124905 0,00 1367773 0.001495803 0.001633676 0.00178 1949
0.065 0.00 10600 14 0001 161656 0.cX)(271589 000 13903 13 0.00 1518342 0.001656215 0.001804488
0.07 0.OOi0882()1.) 0.00 118985 0.00 1299784 00OI~18 507 0.00 1546537 000 168441 000 1832683
0.075 0.00 11229 0.OO 12H542 0.00 1334475 0.00 1453 199 0.00158 1229 0.0017 19102 0 .001867375
0.08 0.00 1164979 0.00126662 0.00 1376554 0.001495277 0.001623307 0.00176118 0.00 1909453
0.085 0.00121538 0.00 1317022 0 .00 1426955 0.001545679 0.001673709 0.00 18 11582 0.0019;9855
0.09 0 .001275088 0.001376729 0 . OO I~ 86663 0 .001605386 0,001733-'16 0.001871289 0.002019562
0.095 0.001345127 0 .OO I ~ 46768 0.001556702 0.00 1675425 0 ,001803455 0.00 194 1328 0.00208960 I
0. 1 0.00 1-'26563 0.00 1528204 O.00 163t1138 0.001756861 0.00 188-'891 0 .002022764 0.002171037
Table 9: q2 from 0.285 to 0.315

q2 0.285 0.290 0.295 0. 300 0.305 0.3 10 0.315
ql
0.005 0.00 18&0291 0.002051 118 0 . OO2234 1 ~2 0.002430003 0 .002639367 0 .0028629 18 0 .003 101367
0.0 1 0.00 1880337 0 .00205 1164 0.002234188 0.00243005 0 .002639413 0.002862965 0.003101414
0.015 0.001880537 0002051364 0.002234388 0.OOH30249 0.002639613 0.002863164 0.003 101 614
0.02 0.001881072 0002051899 0002234922 0.OOH3078-$ 0.()02640lol7 0.002863699 0.0031021 48
0.025 0.001882192 0.0020530 19 0 .002236043 0.OO243 19Ool 0.0026-1 1268 0.002864819 0003103 268
0.03 0.00188.216 0.002055043 0.002238067 0 .002433929 0.002643292 0.002866844 0 .003105293
0035 0 .001887528 0.002058355 0.002241379 0.00243724 1 0 .0026.6604 0.002870156 0 .003108605
0.04 0.001892576 0.00206H03 0 .002246426 O.0024ol2288 0.002651 651 0.002875203 0.1)03 113652
0.045 0.00 1899868 0.00207{)695 O , OO22~37 1 9 0.0024-'958 O'(X>2658944 0.002882496 0.003120945
283
0.05 0.001909975 0002080802 0,002263826 0.002459688 0,00266905 1 0 .002892603 0.0031)1052
0.055 0.00 1923524 0 .002094352 0.002277375 0.002-173237 0 .0026826 0,0029061 52 0 .003 144601
0.06 0.0019412 0.002112027 0.00229505 0.002490912 0.002700275 0.002923827 0.003162276
0.065 0,00 1963739 0,002 134567 0 .0023 1759 0.002513-152 0.0027228 15 0 .002946367 0 .003 1848 16
0.07 0.00 199 1934 OJ)()216276 1 O.OO2H5785 0.0025"16-17 0.00275 10 1 0 .002974562 0.00321301 1
0075 0.002026626 0.002197-153 0002380476 0.002576338 0.002785701 0.00300925) 0.003247702
0.08 0.0020('8704 0.00223953 1 0 .002422554 0.0026184 16 0.002827779 0.00305 133 1 0.1)0328978
0.085 0.002119106 0.002289933 0002472956 0002668818 0.002878181 0.003101733 0.003340 182
0.09 0.0021788 13 0.00234964 0 .002532664 0.002728526 0.002937889 0 ,003 161441 0 .00339989
0.095 0.002248852 0.00241 9679 0002602703 0002798564 0.003007928 0.003231479 0.003469928
0.1 0.002330288 0 .002501115 O.OO268J1 38 0 .00288 0.003089363 0 .0033 12915 0 .003551364
Table 10: q2 from 0.320 to 0.350
q2 0. 320 0.325 0.330 0.335 0.340 0.345 0.350

~
ql
0.005 0.003355446 00036259 11 O.OO39135~2 0.~2 19144 0.()O.l543546 0 .004887601 0.005252 19 1
0.0 1 0.003355493 0.003625958 0.003913589 0.004219 19 0.0045·13592 0 .004887647 0 .005252237
0.0 15 0 .003355693 OJ)()3626158 0.003913789 0.00421939 0,004543792 0.004887847 0.005252437
0.02 0003356227 0.003626692 0.003914323 000-4219925 0.0045-44326 0.004888382 0.005252972
0.025 0 .0033 57347 0.003627813 0 .003915444 0,00422 1045 0.004545447 0 .004&&9502 0,005254092
0.03 0.003359372 0.003629837 0003917468 oOO·H23069 0.004547471 0.00489 1526 0.005256 11 6
0035 0 .003362684 0.003633 149 0.00392078 0.0042263& I 0 .004550783 0.004894838 0.005259428
0.04 0.003367731 0.0036381% 0.003925827 0.QO..l23 1429 0,00455583 0.004899886 0.005264476
0.045 0 .0033 75024 0.003645489 0.003931 12 0004238721 0.004563 123 0.004907 178 0.005271768
0.05 0.003385131 0.003655596 0.003941227 0.00424882& 0 .00457323 0.004917285 0.00528 1875
0.055 0.00339868 0.003669 145 0.003956776 0004262378 0.004586779 0.1X»9J0835 0.005295424
0.06 0 .003416355 0 .00368682 0,00397445 1 0.()0428oo53 0 .004604454 0.00494851 0.005313 1
0.065 0,003438895 0.00370936 0.003996991 o()()..I.302593 0.004626994 0.()()497105 0.005335639
0.07 0.00346709 0.003717555 0,004025 186 0.004330787 0 .004655189 0.004999244 0 .005363834
0.075 0.003501781 0.003772246 0.004059877 0.0043654 79 0.00168988 0.005033936 0.005398525
0.08 0003543859 0.003814324 0.00410 1955 0.004407557 0,00473 1958 0.005076014 O.005·U0604
0.085 0 .00359426 1 0.003864726 0 .004152157 0,004457959 OJW)478236 0.005126416 0.005491005
0.09 0003653969 0.003924434 0.004212065 0004517666 0.004842068 0 .005186123 0.005550713
0.095 0 .tlO3724007 0.003994472 0 .004282 103 0.004587705 0.0049 12 106 0 .005256 162 0.005620752
0. 1 0.003805443 OJX)4075908 0.OO·B63539 o()()4669141 0004993542 0.005337598 0.005702188
284
2.1 Event E1 - A specific symbol five times

The probability of EI is P( EI ) = q11q~ q~q~ q~, where
q;, q~, q~, q:, q~ are the basic probabilities of that symbol occurring
on the reels respectively.
A particular (although rare) case is when four of the five reels
have the same number of stops and the same distribution of
symbols. In that case, the probability of E] is P(E]) = (qll) 4 q~ ,
where q{ is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on one of
the four similar reels and q~ is the basic probability of that symbol
occurring on the fifth reel. This formula also holds if only the
watched symbol has the same basic probability of occurrence on
each of four reels (a particular case of that condition is when four
reels have the same number of stops and the same distribution of
that symbol on them). This particular formula returns the following
table of values and each table lists seven values of q~ .
Tables ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol occurring five

times on a pay line
2
q~ 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035

~
I
ql
0.005 3,125E-12 6.25E-12 9.375E-12 1.25E- I I 1.5625E- 11 1.875E- 11 2. 187SE- 11
0.0 1 SE·1l IE·IO I.5E- 1O 2E-1O 2.5E--1O 3E-1O l SE-IO
0.01 5 2.5l I2SE-IO S.062SE-IO 7.S9l7SE- IO IOI25E<l9 i.26563E<l9 1.5 I 87SE.{J<) 177J88E<l9
0.02 8E-1O 1 6E<l9 2.4E<l9 3.2E-09 0.000000004 ... .8E-09 S.6E<l9
0.025 195JI3E..Q9 39062SE<l9 585938E<l9 7.8125E..Q9 9.76563E-09 1.17188E-08 1.36719E-08
0.03 4.0SE-09 8. IE-09 1.215E-08 1.62 E-08 2.025E-08 2.43E-08 2.83SE<l8
0.035 7.50313E-09 1.50063E-08 2.2S094E<l8 3.00I25E-08 3.75 156E-08 4. 50188E-08 5.25219E-08
0.04 1.28E-08 2.56E<l8 3.&4E-08 5.12E-08 O.OOOOOOQ6.I 7.68E<l8 8.96E<l8
0.045 2.0503IE<l8 4.10063E-08 6. 15094E-08 8.2012SE<l8 I 025 16E<l7 L23019E-07 1.43522E-07
0.05 J .l 25E.{)8 6.25E..()8 9.375E-08 0.000000 125 1.5625E-07 1.875E-07 2. 1875E-07
285
0.055 ·U75 3 1E-08 9. I 5063E-08 1.37259E-07 1.83013E-07 2.28766E-07 2.745 19E-07 3.20272E-07
0.06 6A8E-08 U96E-07 1.9+l-E-07 2.592E-<l7 0.000000324 3.888E-07 4.536E-<l7
0.065 8.9253IE.j)8 1.78506Em 2.67759E-07 3. 57013Em H6266E.j)7 535519E.j)7 6 .H772E"()7
007 1.2005E.j)7 VOIE.j)7 3.6015E-07 4.802E-<l7 6.0025E.j)7 7.203E"()7 8.4035E-<l7
0075 1.58203E-07 J . llH06E-07 4.74609E-07 6 32813E-07 7.91016E..()7 9.49219E...()7 1.I0742E.()6
0.08 2.048E-07 ~.096E-07 6. 14-1E-07 8. 192E-07 0 .000001024 1.2288E-06 1.4336E.()6
0.085 2.6 1003E-07 5.22006E"()7 7.8)OO9E..o7 10440IE-06 1.30502E.06 1.56602E-06 1.82702E-06
0.09 3.2805E-07 6 .56IE.j)7 9.S-I 15E-07 1312lE.()6 1.&4025E.()6 1.9683E.()6 2.29635E.()6
0.095 4.07253E.j)7 8. I 4506Em 1.l2176E.()6 1.6290IE.()6 2.03627E.()6 2.44352E.()6 2 .85077E.()6
0. 1 0 .0000005 0 .000001 0.0000015 0 .000002 0 .0000025 0.000003 0 .0000035
?
Table 2: q j from 0.040 to 0.070
0.040
q~ 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
-
q~
0.005 2.5E·11 28125E·1I 3. 125E·1I 3.4375E· 11 3.75E-1I 4.0625E·1I 4 .375E· 11
0.01 -IE-IO ·UE·IO 5E-1O 55E·1O 6E-1O 6.5E·1O 7E- 10
0.0 15 2.025E-09 2.27813E.()9 2.5) I 25E"{)9 2.78,.l.38E-09 3.0375E-09 3.29063E.o9 3.5431SE-09
0.02 6.4E..()9 7.2E-09 0.000000008 8.8E-09 9.6E.j)9 1.04E-08 1.12E-08
0.025 1.5625E-08 1.7578 1E.j)8 1.953 13E.j)8 2 . 14844E-<l8 2.H375E-<l8 2.53906E.j)8 2.73438E.j)8
003 3.24E-08 3.6-15E-08 " .05E-08 4.455E-08 4.86E-08 S.265E.j)8 5.67E'{)8
0035 6 .0025E..()8 6.7528IE..{)8 7.503 13E-08 8 .25344E-08 9 .00375E-08 9.75406E-08 1.05044E-07
0.04 I .024E-07 1. I 52E-07 0 .000000128 1408E-07 1536E.j)7 I.664E.j)7 1.792E-07
0.045 1.64Q25E.j)7 1.84528E-<l7 2.0503 IE.j)7 2.25534E..()7 2.46038E.j)7 2.6654 1E-07 2.87044E-07
0.05 0 .00000025 2.8125E.j)7 3125E.j)7 H 375E.j)7 0 .000000375 4 .062lE-<l7 4375E.j)7
0.055 3.66025E.j)7 4. 11778E-07 4.57531E-07 5.03284Em 5.49038E.j)7 5.94791E-07 6 .40544E-07
0.06 5.184E..()7 5.832E"()7 0 .000000648 7. 128E-07 7.776E-07 8 .424E-07 9.072Em
0.065 7 . U025E-07 8.0 3278E-07 8.9253 1E-07 9 .81784E-07 1.07104E-06 Ll6029E.{)6 1.24954E-06
007 9.604E-07 I08Q45E.{)6 l.200lE.()6 i .32055E-06 1.4406E-06 1.56065E-06 1.6807E-06
0075 1.26563E.()6 1.4238 3E-06 158203E.()6 1.74023E-06 1.898"E.()6 2.05664E.()6 2.21484E.()6
0.08 1.6384E.()6 i .8432E-06 0 .000002048 2.2528E-06 2.4576E-06 2.6624E.()6 2.8672E.()6
0.085 2.08803E.()6 2.3490JE.{)6 2 .61003E.()6 2.87103E-06 3.13204E-06 3.39304E-06 3.65404E.()6
0.09 2.6244E.()6 2.95245E-06 3 .2805E.()6 3.60855E-<l6 3.9366E.()6 4.26465E.()6 4 .5927E..()6
0.095 3.25803E.()6 3.66528E-06 4.07253E.()6 4A7978E.()6 4.88704E.()6 5.29.J29E-Q6 5.70154E.()6
0. 1 O.()()()()().I 0 .()()()()().I5 0.000005 0 .0000055 0.000006 0 .0000065 0 .000007
286
Table 3: q~ from 0.075 to O. J05
q~ 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105

r--
q~
0.005 -t.6875E- 11 5E-1 1 5.3125E-11 .5 625E- 11 5 .9375E-11 6.25E-11 6 .5625E-11
0.01 7.5E-1O 8E- 10 8,5E-1O 9E- 10 9.5E- 10 0.00000000 1 1.05E-09
0.015 3.79688E-09 ' .05E<19 ' .30313E<19 '55625E<19 480938E<19 5.0625E<19 5.31563E<19
0.02 0.0000000 12 1.28E.<J8 1.36E.<J8 I -I4E-08 I 52E.<J8 0000000016 1.68E.<J8
0.025 2.92969E-08 3. I 25E"()& 3.3203 1E.<J8 3.5 1563£..08 3.7109'E.<J8 3. 90625E.<J8 4.10 156E.<J8
0.03 6.075E.<J8 6.48E-08 6.88IE.()8 729E-08 7695E.<J8 0.000000081 8.505E.<J8
oms L 12547E-07 1.2005&07 1.27553E-07 1.3 5056E-07 1.42559E-07 I SOO63E..(l7 I 57566E-07
0.04 0.000000 192 2.048E..()7 2. I 76E.<J7 2.3WE.<J7 2A32 E.<J7 0.000000256 2.688E.<J7
0.045 3.075HE'()7 3.2805E.<J7 3.48553E-07 3.69056E.<J7 3.89559E.<J7 ' .10063E.<J7 4.30566E.<J7
0.05 4.6875E-07 0.0000005 5.3 12IE.<J7 5.625E-07 5.9375E-07 0 000000625 6 5625E.<J7
0.055 6.86297E-07 7.3205E-07 7.77803E-07 8.23556E-07 8.69309E-07 9. 15063E.<J7 9.60816E.<J7
0.06 0.000000972 1.0368E.<J6 LlOI6E.<J6 Ll664E.<J6 1.2312E.<J6 0.000001296 1.3608E.<J6
0.065 1.3388E.<J6 1.42805E-06 1..5173E-06 1.60656E.<J6 1.69581E.<J6 1.78506E.<J6 1.87432E-06
0.07 1.80075E-06 1.9208E"()6 2.04085E-06 2 . 1 609E~ 2.28095E.<J6 0.000002-«11 2.52105E.<J6
0.075 2.37305E-06 2. 53125E-06 2.689.$5E..()6 2.84766E-06 3.00586E.<J6 3.16406E..()6 3.32227E.<J6
0.08 0.000003072 3.2768E.<J6 3A816E.<J6 3.6864E.<J6 3.8912E.<J6 0.000004096 ·UOOSE-06
0.085 3.91505E..()6 4. I 7601E.<J6 4.4 370IE.<J6 4.69806E.<J6 4.95906E-06 1.22006E.<J6 5.48107E.<J6
0.09 -I.92075E..()6 5.2488E.<J6 5.17685E.<J6 5.9().I9E.<J6 6.23295E-06 0.000006561 6.88905 E.<J6
0.095 6. I088E.<J6 6.51605E.()6 6.9233E-06 7.33056E..Q6 7.7378IE..Q6 8.14506E-06 8.55232E.<J6
0. 1 0.0000075 0.000008 8.5E.<J6 0.000009 0.0000095 0.00001 0.0000105
2.2 Event E2 - Any symbol five times (quintet)

p
The probability of E2 is P(E2 ) = Lq}q;2q;q:q; , where p is the
;=1

probabilities of occurrence ofthese symbols on the reels. For
applying this formula, we must compute the probability of event E1
for each of the p symbols and add them up. This can be done by
287
2.3 Event E3 - A specific symbol exactly four times
peE)
3 = q,' q,2q,3q,
4 (1 - q,5 ) + q,' q,2q,3q,
5 (1 - q,4) + q,'q,
24 q, 5q,( 1 - q,3 ) +
, 3 4 5 (1 2 3 4 5 (1
+q,q,q,q, -q,2) +q,q,q,q, -q"') were
h q"q,
' 2
,q"q,
3 4
, q,5 areth e
basic probabilities of that symbol occurring on the reel respectively.
In the particular case when four of the five reels have the same
number of stops and the same distribution of symbols (or four reels
have the same number of stops and the same distribution of at least
that watched symbol on them), the probability of E3 is
P(E3) = (q,' f (l-q~ ) +4( qi)3q,2(1- qi), where qi is the basic

probability of that symbol occurring on one of the four similar reels
and q,2 is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on the fifth
reel.
This particular formula returns the following table of values and
each table lists seven values of q~ .
Tables ofvalues for the probability of a specific symbol occurring four

times on a payline
Table 1: q,2 from 0.005 to 0.035

q,2 0.005 0.010 0.Ql5 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
r---
q,1
0.005 3. 10938E-!l9 5.59375E-09 8.078I3E..()9 l.05625E-08 1.30469E..()8 1.55313E-08 1.80 156E-08
0.0' 2.975E-!l8 4.95E..()8 6.925E-08 0.000000089 1.0875E-{)7 L285E-!l7 1.4825£-07
0.0 15 1.16859E..()7 1.83094E-07 2.49328E..()7 3. 15563E-07 3.8 1797E-07 4,48031E-07 5. 14266E-07
0.02 O.()(x)()()()3 16 0.000000-172 0.000000628 0.000000784 0.1)000009-1 0.000001096 0.00000 1252
0.025 6.93359E-07 9.9609-1E-07 1 . 29883E~ 1.60 I56E-06 1. 90·BE-06 2.20703E-06 2.50977E.()6
0.03 1.32975E-06 1.8495£-06 2.36925E.()6 0.000002889 3.4Q875E-06 3.9285E-06 .'-44825E-06
0.035 2.3 206IE.()6 3 U059E-06 3.96058E.()6 -I .78056E-06 5.60055E.()6 6.42053E-06 7.2-I052E.()6
0.04 0.000003776 0.000004992 0.000006208 0.000007..J2-1 0.00000864 0.000009856 0.0000 11 072
0.045 5.8206IE-06 7.S-W59E..()6 9.26058E-06 I .09806E-{)5 1.27005£-05 IA-I20.5E-05 1.61-105E-05
0.05 8.59375£-06 1.0937.5E-O.5 1.32813E-05 0.0000 15625 1.79688E-05 2.03 12.5E-05 2.26563E-05
0.055 1.2249~E-05 1..5J.~8IE-O.5 1.84468E-O.5 2. 15456E-05 2.464-' 3E-O.5 2.7743E-O.5 3.08418E-05
0.06 0.0000 16956 0.000020952 0.000024948 0.0000289-+4 0.00003294 0.000036936 0.0000"0932
288
0.065 2.28969E..()5 2.71)431E-05 3.29893E·()5 3.H0356E-05 4 .308 18E-05 ".8128E-05 5.JIH3E-05
007 3.02698E-05 3.65295E-05 4.27893E-05 0.000049049 5. 53088E-05 6. 15685E-05 6.78283E-05
0.075 3.92871E-05 4.69JJ6E-05 5.45801E-05 6.22266E-05 6.987JE-05 7.75195E-05 8.5 166iX15
0.08 0.000050176 0.000059392 0.000068608 0.000077824 000008704 0000096256 0.000105472
0.085 6.3 1781E-0 5 7.4 1556 £-05 8.513) IE-05 9.GII 06E-05 0.000 I 07088 o 000 11 80G6 0 .000 129043
0.09 7.85498E-05 9. I 4895E..()5 O.OOOIO·U29 0 .000117369 0 .000130309 0.000 143249 0 ,000156188
0.095 9.656 19E-05 0.000111673 0.000 126784 0 .000141896 0000157007 0,000172118 0000187229
0. 1 0.0001 175 0.000135 0.000 1;25 0.00017 0.000 1875 0.000205 0.0002225
2
0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0. 070
q~
q1l
0.005 2.05E-08 229844E-08 2.54688E-08 2.795J1E-08 3.04375E-08 J 29219E-08 354063E-08
0.0 1 0.000000 168 1.877S£-07 2.075E"()7 2.2725E..()7 0.000000247 2.6675E-07 2.865E-07
0.0 15 5.805E..()7 6467HE-07 7. 12%9E"{)7 7.79203£-07 8. 45438E-07 9, 11672£-07 9.77906£-07
0.02 0.000001-'08 0.000001564 0.00000172 0 .00000 1876 0.000002032 0.000002188 0.00000234-$
0025 2.8125E-06 3. 11523E-06 3.4 1797E-06 J .7207E-06 4.02344E-06 432617E-06 462891E-06
0.03 0.000004968 5.48775E-06 6.0075E-06 6.52725E-06 0.000007047 7.56675E-G6 8.0865E-06
0.035 8.0605E-06 888048E-06 9.70047E.()6 1.05205E-05 1.13'04E-05 1.21604E-05 1.29804E-05
0.04 0 .000012288 0.00001350-1 0.00001472 0.0000 15936 0.000017152 0.0000 18368 0.()(x)()19584
0.045 1.78605E..o5 1. 9580.5E..().5 2. 13005E-O.5 2.30205E-05 2A7404E-05 2.64604E-05 2.8 1R04E..oS
0.05 0.000025 2.7JH8E..oS 2.96875E-05 3.20313E-05 0.000034375 3.67 188E-05 3.90625E-05
0.055 3.39405E-05 3.70392E"()5 4.01J8E-05 4.32367E-05 4.63354E-05 4.943<2E-05 5.25329E-05
0.06 0.000044928 0.00004 K924 0.00005292 0.000056916 0.000060912 0.000064908 0.000068904
0.065 .5 .8220SE-05 6.J2667E-05 6.831JE-05 7.33.592E"()5 7.84054E"()5 8.34517E-05 8.84979E-O.5
0.07 0.000074088 8.03478E..o5 8.66075E..o5 9.28673£-05 0.000099127 0.000 105387 O.OOOllllH7
0.D75 9.28 125E-05 0.000 100459 0.000 108105 0.0001 15752 0.000 123398 0.00013 1045 0.00013869 1
0.08 0.00011-'688 0 .000123904 0.00013312 0.0001-'2336 0.000 151552 0.000160768 0.000169984
0.085 0.000 140021 0.000150998 0.(0)161975 0.000172953 0.00018393 0.000194908 0.000205885
0.09 0.000 169 128 0.000 182068 0.000195008 0.0002079-'7 0.000220887 0.000233827 0.0002-'6767
0.095 0.0002023-' I 0.0002174.52 0.000232563 0.000147674 0.000262785 0.000277891 0.000293008
0. 1 0.00024 0.0002575 0.000275 0.0002925 0.00031 0.0003275 0.0003<5
289
2
2 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105
ql
q;
0.005 3.78906E.Q8 • .0375E.Q8 U859.E.Q8 .5W8E.Q8 4.782RIE-08 5.03125E.Q8 5.27969E-08
0.0 1 3.0625E-07 0.000000326 H575E.Q7 3655E.Q7 38525E.Q7 0.000000.05 4.2475E-07
0.0 15 1.0 .... ' .. [-06 1.11038E-06 1.17661[-06 1 2428"E-06 I .30908E..()6 1.37531£.06 1.44 155E-06
0.02 0.0000025 0 .000002656 0.0000028 12 0.000002968 0 .000003 124 0.00000328 0.000003436
0025 4.93164E-06 5.2W8E.Q6 5.5371IE-06 583984E-06 61H58E-06 6.4453 IE-06 6.74805E.Q6
0.03 8.60625E.Q6 0.000009126 9.64575E.Q6 L01 655E.Q5 L06853E.Q5 0.0000 11 205 Ll7248E.Q5
0035 1.3 8004E-05 '46204E-05 L5.40.E.Q5 L62603E.Q5 170803E.QS 1.79003E.Q5 L81203E.Q5
0.04 00000208 0.000022016 0 .000023232 0 .00002 .. 448 OJ)00025664 0.00002688 0.000028096
0.045 2.99004E-05 ). )6204E-05 3.33404E-05 3.50603E-05 3.67803E-05 3.85003E-05 4.02203[-05
0.05 4. 14063E-05 O.()()(X)4375 4.60938E-05 4.8-1.375E-05 5.078 13E-05 0.000053125 H 1688E.Q5
0.055 556316E.Q5 5.8730.E.Q5 6 .1829IE.Q5 6.49278E.Q5 6.80266E.Q5 7.11253E.Q5 7.4224E.Q5
0.06 0 .0000729 0.000076896 0.000080892 0.000084888 0.00008888. 0.00009288 0.000096876
0.065 9.3 5441E-05 985904E-05 0000103637 0 .000108683 0.000113729 0.0001 18775 0.000123822
0.07 0 .000 117906 0.000124166 Q,OOO I3()..f.26 0.000 136686 0 .000142945 0 .000 149205 0.000155465
0075 OJ)()()U6338 0.000153984 0 .000161631 0000 169277 0.0001761)2-1 0.00018-157 0.000 192217
0.08 0 .0001792 0.000 1ss. 16 0 .000 197632 00002068.8 0.00021606. 0.00022528 0.000234496
0.085 0 .000216863 0.000227~ 0 .0002388 18 0.000249795 0 .000260773 0.00027 175 0 .000282728
0.09 0.000259706 0.0002726.6 0000285586 0000298526 0.000311 .65 0 .000324405 0.000337345
0.095 0 .000308 119 0.00032323 0.0003383-12 0000353-153 0 .000368564 0 .000383675 0.000398787
0. 1 0.0003625 0.00038 00003975 0.000-1 15 0 .000·U25 D.()()().t5 0.0004675
2.4 Event E4 - Any symbol exactly four times (quadruple)

The probability of £4 is
P
P( E)
4 = "'"
.i...Jqiq,
I 2 qi3 qi4 (1 - I 2 qi3qi5 (1 - qi4) + qiqi
qi5) + qiqi I 2 qi4 qi5 (1 - qi3 ) +
i= 1
+qi qi q, q, (1 - q,2 ) + qi2 qi3qi4 q,5 (1 - qiI) ,were

I 3 4 5 . th e number 0 f
h P IS
distinct symbols of the machine and q/ are the basic probabilities of

occurrence of these symbols on the reels. For applying this formula,
290
2.5 Event Es - A specific symbol exactly three times
The probability of Es is
peEs) = qllq~q; (1- q:) (1- qn + q~q~q: (1- q; )( 1- qn +
+q~q~q; (1- qn (1- q:) + qllq~q~ (I-qn (1- qn +
+qllq~ q~ (1- q~)(l- q:) + qllq~q~ (1- qn(I- qn +
+q~q~q: (1- qll )(l-qn + q~q;q~ (1- qll )(1- q:) +
+q~q:q~ (1- qll)( 1- qn + q~q:q~ (1- q:) (1- qn ' where
qll , q~ , q~, q:, q~ are the basic probabilities of that symbol occurring
on the reels respectively.
probability of E5 is
peEs) = 2( q; f (1- qn (2 qll - 5q:q~ + 3qn, where q; is the basic

and q~ is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on the fifth
reel.
Tables ofvalues for the probability ofa specific symbol occurring three
times on a payline
2
q~ 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035

I
ql
0.005 J .23753E-06 1.97756E...()6 2.7 17S9E...()6 3.45763E-06 4.19766E-06 4 .93769E~ 5.67772E-06
0.01 6.8805E-<l6 000000980 1 1.272 I SE-05 0.000015642 1.85625E-05 0.000021483 2A4035E-05
0.015 I 978E-OS 262626E-05 3.2 7451E-05 3.92276E.Q5 4.57102E-05 5.2 I 921E"{}5 5.86752E-OS
0.02 0.000042728 0.0000540% 0.000065464 0 .000076832 0.0000882 0.000099568 0.000 110936
0.025 7.8451E-OS 9.59766E'()5 O.OOOIIH96 0.0001310 16 0,000 148535 0.000 166055 0.000 183574
0.03 0 .000129641 0.000154521 0 ,000 179"02 0.00020-1282 0 .000229163 O.OOO2>W43 O.OOO2789H
O.D3S 0 .000198893 0,000232288 0 .000265683 0.000299078 0.000332473 0.000365868 O.l)()()399263
291
0.04 0000288768 0.000331776 0000374784 0.0004 17792 0.0004608 0.000503808 0.0005468 16
0.045 0.000401763 0.000455428 0.000509093 0.000562758 0.000616423 0.000670088 0.000723753
0.05 0.000540313 0000605625 0.000670938 000073625 0.000801563 0.000866875 0.000932 188
0.055 0.000706795 0.000784693 0 .00086259 0.000940488 0.00 I 0 18385 0.001096283 0.001 17418
0.06 0 .000903528 0.000994896 0 .0010862&1 0.00 1177632 0 .001269 0 .00 1360368 0.00 1451736
0.065 0.00 113277 0.001238443 00013441 15 0.001449788 0 ,00155546 O.OOJ66Il33 0.00 1766805
0.07 0.00139672 1 0.00 1517481 0.00 1638242 0.001759002 0.001879763 0.002000523 0.002 121284
0.075 0.00169752 0.00 1834102 0.001970684 0.002107266 0.002243848 0.00238043 0.0025 170 12
0.08 0.0020372-18 0.002190336 0002343424 0.002496512 0.0026496 0.002802688 0.002955776
0.085 0 .002417928 0.002588158 0.002758388 0 .002928618 0.00309884-8 0.003269078 0.003439308
0.09 0.002841521 0 .00) 029481 0.003217442 OJ)034054D2 0.003593363 0 .003781323 0.003969284
0.095 0.00330993 0.003516163 O . OO~722395 0.003928628 O.OO..H3486 0 .004341093 0 .0045 .... 7325
0.1 0 .003825 000405 0 .004275 0.0045 0.004725 0.00495 0.005)75
2
ql2 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070

I
ql
0.005 6.4 1775E-06 7. 15778E..Q6 789781E-06 863784E..()6 9.37788E..Q6 I .OI179E~5 1.08579E-05
0.0 1 0.000027324 3.02·H5E-05 0.000033165 3.60855E.()5 0.000039006 4 . I9265E-05 0 .000044847
0.0 15 6.5 1578E-05 7.16-J.03E-05 7.81228E.(J5 8.460:UE-05 9.10879E.(J5 9.75704E.(J5 0.000 104053
0.02 0.000 122304 0,000133672 0.00014504 0.000156408 0.000167776 0.000179 144 0.000 190512
0025 O.OOO20109~ 0.000218613 0000236133 0.000253652 0.000271172 0.000288691 0.000306211
003 O.OO(30)8lM 0.000328685 (1000353565 0 ,000)784-'6 0.000",03326 O,()()().428207 O.()(X)45)087
0035 0,000432658 0.000466053 0,000499448 0.000532843 0.000566238 0.000599633 0.00063302"
0.04 0 .000589824 0 .000631832 0 ,00067584 0.(0)718848 0.(.100761856 0.000804864 0 .000847872
0.045 0 .000777"18 0.000831(183 0 ,000884748 0 .000938413 0.000992078 O.(X)JQ45743 0.001099408
0.05 00009975 0,001062813 0001128125 0.001193438 0.00125875 0.001324063 0.001389375
0.055 0 .001252078 0.00 1329975 O./XH407873 0.00148577 0.001563668 0.001641565 0.00 1719463
0.06 0 .00154)10-1 0 .00163+172 0.00 172584 0.00 1817208 0.001908576 0 .001999944 0.002091 J J2
0.065 0001872478 0.001978 15 0.002083823 (1,002189495 0.002295 168 0.00240084 0 .002506513
0.07 0002242044 0002362805 0,002-183565 0.002604326 0.002725086 0.002845847 0.002966607
0075 0.002653594 0.002790 176 0.002926758 0.00306334 0.003199922 0.003336504 0.003473086
0.08 0.003108864 0.003261952 0.00)41504 0.003568 128 0.0037212 16 0.003874304 0.00(027)92
0.085 0 .003609538 0.003779768 0.003949998 O , ~120228 0.004290458 O.QO.I460688 O.QO.I630918
0.09 0 ,004 157244 O.OW3 -1 S205 0.004533165 O.()()4721 126 0.004909086 0.005097047 0.005285007
0.095 0.004753558 0.00..J95979 0.005166023 0005372255 0.005578488 0.00578472 0.005990953
0. 1 0.0054 0.005625 0.00585 0.006075 0.0063 0.006525 0.00675
292
Table 3: q,2 from 0.075 to 0.105
0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105
q~
q,1
0.005 0.083455625 0.088356 0.093256375 0 .09815675 0.103057125 o 1079573 0 .112857875
0.0 1 0.09 18225 0 .0 96624 0. 10 14255 0. 106227 0,1110285 0 .11 583 0. 12063 15
0.0 15 0.100100625 0, 10480'- 0.109507375 0. 11"21075 O.1l89 14 125 0 ,1236175 0, 128)20875
0.02 0 .10829 0.112896 0.117502 0122108 0. 12671" 0,13 132 0.135926
0.025 0 . 116390625 0.1209 0.125<09)75 0 12991875 0 . 1).14 28125 0.1389375 0. 143446875
0.03 0. 1244025 0. 128816 0,133229.5 0 . 137643 0 .1420565 0 .14647 0 . llO8835
0.035 0. 132325625 0.136644 0. 140962375 0.1 "528075 0 .149599 125 0 .1539175 0 .158235875
0.04 01 4016 0. 144384 0. 148608 0.152832 0. 1.57056 0. 16 128 0.165504
0.045 o 147905625 0 .152036 0,15616637; 0 .16029675 0.164427125 0.1685575 0.172687875
0.05 o 1555625 0.1596 0.16)6375 0.167675 0.1717125 0 .17575 0.1797875
0.055 0 . 163U0625 0 .167076 0.17 1021375 0. 17496675 0. 178912125 0 .1828575 o 186802875
0.06 0. 1706 1 0 . 174464 0.1783 18 0. 182 172 0. 186026 0.18988 0.193734
0.065 0.178000625 0 . 181764 0.185527375 0 . 18929075 0. 193054 125 0 .1968 175 0.200580875
0.Q7 01&53025 0 .188976 0 .1926495 0 .196323 0.1999965 0 .20367 0.2073435
0.Q75 0192515625 0.1961 0199684)75 0.20)26875 0206853125 0.2104375 0 .214021875
0.08 0. 19964 0 .20)136 0 .206632 0 .210128 0 .213624 0 .21712 0.220616
0.085 0.206675625 0.2 10084 0.2 13492375 0.2 1690075 0 .220309125 0 .2231175 0 .221 125875
0.09 0.2136225 0 .2 169..\4 0.2202655 0 .223587 0 .2269085 0 .23023 0 .23355 15
0.095 0.220480625 0 .223116 0.226951375 0 .23018675 0233422125 0.2366575 0.23989287'
0.1 0.22725 0 .2)04 0.23355 02367 0.23985 0 .243 0.24615

P
P(E6) = L q;q,2 q; (1- q:)( 1- q;) + q;q;q: (1- qn (1 - q;) +
;=,
+q;q;2 q; (1- q;)(1 - q:)+ q;q;q;4(1 - q;)(1- q;) +
+q;q;q; (1- q;2 )(1_q:)+ q;q:q; (1- q;2)(1_ qn +
+q;2 q;3 q: (1 - q,')( 1- q;) + q;q;q; (1 - q; )(1- q:)+
+q;q:q; (1- q;)(1 - qn + q;3q:q; (1- q;)(1- q;),
293
where p is the number of distinct symbols of the machine and q/ are
the basic probabilities of occurrence of these symbols on the reels.
For applying this formula, we must compute the probability of event
E6 for each of the p symbols and add them up. This can be done by

peE7 ) = qlq2q2q2q2
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
+ q2ql q2q2q2 + q2q2ql q2q2 + q2q2q2ql q2 +
12345 12345 ' 2345 '2345 1 2345
+q2q2q2q2 q, + q, ql q2q2q2 + q, q2q, q2q2 + q, q2 q2q, q2 + ql q2q2q, q, +
+qlq2q3q4q5+ q'q2 q3q 4q 5+ qlq2q 3q4q5+ q'q2 q3q4q 5+ qlq2q3q 4q 5+
2 ' 1 2 2 2 1 2 ' 2 2 1 22' 2 21'222'21
' 2345 '2345 ' 2345 '2 3 4 5 ' 2345
+q2q2q2ql q, + q2q2q, ql ql + q2ql q2ql q, + q2ql q, q2ql + q2q, ql q, q2 +
1 2345 '2345 1 2345 '2 345 12345
+q,q2q2q,q, +q,q2q,q2q] +q]q2q]q]q2 +q,q]q2q2q] +qJq,q2q]q2 +
' 2345 '23 45 ] 2345 '2345 J2345
+q,q, q, q2q2 + q2q, q, q, q] + q]q2q] q, q, + q,q] q2q, q, + q,q, q, q2q, +
+q,'q~q~q~q;, where q/ are the basic probabilities of the two
symbols occurring on the reels respectively (q/ is the probability of
symbol no. i occurring on reel no. i).
2.8 Event Eg - Any combination of at least one of three

specific symbols
The probability of Eg is
P(Eg) = (q: + q~ + q~ )( q~ + q; + q;)( q~ + q; + q;)( q~ + q; + q;)( q~ + q~ + qn,
where q/ are the basic probabilities of the three symbols occurring
on the reels respectively. Denoting q~ = q( + q~ + q£ , for} from 1 to
5, we can write P( Eg) = q~q~ q~q~q~ and use the tables and the
results of section 2.1.

events on a pay line.
294
2.9 A specific symbol at least four times
ql1q12ql3ql4 ql5 + ql12
ql ql3ql4(1 - ql5 ) + ql1ql2ql3ql5 (1 - ql4) + ql1ql2ql4ql
5 (1
- ql3 ) +
1 34 5 (1
+qlqlqlql -ql2) +qlqlqlql
2 3 4 5 (1 h
-qlI) ,were 1 2 3 4
ql'ql,ql'qpq15
arethe
basic probabilities of that symbol occurring on the reels
respectively.
probability is (qll t (q~ - 4q~ q~ + 4q; ) , where q~ is the basic
and q;
is the basic probability of that symbol occurring on the fifth
reel.

four times on a payline
2
Table 1: q1 from 0.005 to 0.035
q~ 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035

~
1
ql
0.005 3. 1125E.{)9 l.6E'{)9 8 .087lE.{)9 1.0l7lE.{)8 130625E'{)8 1.555E'{)8 1.80375E'{)8
0.0 1 2.98E'{)8 4.96E-08 6.94E.{)8 8 .92E'{)S 0 .000000 109 J.288E.{)7 1.486E'()7
0.0 15 1.171 13£-07 I 836E-07 2lOO88E'()7 3. 16575E-07 383063E-07 " 4955E-07 5.16038£-07
0.02 3.168E-07 .. 736E-07 6.3().1E-07 7.872E-07 0.000000944 1.1008E-06 12576E-06
0025 6.9l313E-07 0,000001 1.3~69E-06 1.60938E-06 1,9 1406E-06 2.2 1875E-06 2.52344E-06
003 1.3JJ8E-06 1 Sl76E-06 2.38"E-06 2.9052E416 0 .000003429 3 .9l28E-06 H766E-06
0.035 2.J28IJE-06 3. l ll6E-06 3.98309E-06 4 81058E-06 5.63806E-06 6.465llE-06 7.29304E-06
0.04 3.7888E-06 5.01 76E-06 6.24CHE-06 7.4752E-06 0,000008704 9.9328E-06 1.1 16 16E-05
0.045 5.8-'1 I IE..Q6 7.5816E-06 9.J2209E-06 1.10626E-05 J.2803IE'()5 IA~36E-05 1.628"&05
0.05 O.()(x)()()S625 0000011 0 .000013375 0 .00001575 0 .000018125 0 .000020l 0 .000022875
0.055 1.229llE-05 J.543%E-Ol 1.85841 E-05 2. 17286E-05 2.4873 1E-05 2.80176E-Ol 3.1162E-05
0.06 1.70208E-05 2.10816E-05 2.51424E-05 2.92032E-Ol 0.000033264 3.73248E-05 4.13856E-05
0.065 2.2986IE-05 281216E-05 3.J257JE-05 383926E-Ol .. 35281E"()S 4 86636E-Ol l .3799E'{)5
0.07 3.03K98E-05 3.67696E-05 4.3 14 94E-05 4.95292E-05 0 .000055909 6 .22888E-05 6 . 86686E~5
295
0.075 3.94-153E"()S 0.00004725 5.505-17E-05 6.28594E-OS 7.0664IE-05 7.84688E-05 8.62734E'{}5
0.08 5 .03808E~5 5 . 98016E~5 6 . 92224E~5 7 86432E~5 0.000088064 9.74848E-05 0.000106906
0.085 6.3439 I E~5 7.46776E~5 8.5916IE~5 9 71S46E~5 0.000108393 0.000 11 9632 0.00013087
0.09 7.88778E-05 9 . 214S6E~S 0000105·413 0000118681 0000131949 0.000145217 0.00015848S
0.095 9.6969 I E"(),5 0,000 11 2-188 0.000 128006 0.000 1-13525 0.000 1590-13 0 ,000 174562 0.000 19008
0.1 0 .000118 0.000136 0.000154 0,000172 0.00019 O.(lOO208 0.000226
2
0.040 0.045 0. 050 0.055 0.060 0. 065 0.070
q~
q~
0.005 2.0525E-08 2.30125E-08 2.55E..()8 2.79875E-08 3.0",75E-08 3.29625E..()S 3. 5-1 5E-08
0.01 1.68-1E-07 L882E~7 0.000000208 2 . 278E~7 2A76E-07 2 .674E~7 2 . 872E~7
0.0 15 5 . 82525E~7 6 4 9013E~7 7.155E-07 7.81988E~7 8.48475E~7 9 . 14963E~7 9 . 8 14 5E~7
0.02 1 ... 1..... E~ 1.5712E-06 0 .000001728 1 . 8848E~ 204 1 6E~ 2 . 1 984E~ 2.3552E~
0.025 2 . 828DE~ ) 1328 1E-06 3 .... 375E-06 3.74219E-06 ....O-l-688E-06 4.35156E-06 4.65625E-06
0.03 5.000-lE-06 5.52-12E-06 0 ,000006048 6.57 18E-06 7.0956E-06 7.619-1E..()6 8. '-I32E-06
0.035 8. 12053E-06 8.9-1 80 I E-06 9 . 7755E~ L0603E~5 1.1-1305E-05 L 22S8E~5 1.J0855E~5
0.04 1 .2J904E~5 1.36 192E-05 0.00001 4848 1 60768E~5 L73056E~5 1.85)44E-05 L976J2~5
0.045 1.802 -1 5E-05 1.9765E-05 2. IS055E-05 2.J 2-16E..{)5 2.-I9865E-05 2.6727E-05 2.8-1675E-05
0.05 0'()0002525 0.000027625 0.00003 0.000032375 0.00003475 0.000037 115 0.0000395
0.055 3.43065E-05 3.7..t51E..()5 4.05955E-05 4.3 74E"()5 4.68845E"()5 5.0029E..()5 5.31735E"()S
0.06 4 5+464E-OS ..t. 95072E"()5 0.000053568 5 . 76288E~5 6168%~5 6.57504E"()5 6.98 112E-05
0.065 5 . 89345E~5 6.407E~5 6 . 92055E~5 7.4341E"()5 7.94765E"()5 8A612E~5 8.9747SE-OS
0.07 7.5048..tE-OS 8. 14282E"()5 0.000087808 9.4 1878E..()5 0.000 100568 0.000 106947 0.000 11 3327
0075 9.-W78 I E"()5 0000101883 0.000109688 0.000 117492 0.000125297 0.000133102 0.000 140906
0.08 0.000116326 0.000 125747 0.000 135168 0.000 14-4 589 0.000 15401 0.00016343 0.000172851
0.085 0.000142109 0.000 153347 0.000 164586 0.000 175824 0.000 187062 0.000 19830 1 0.000209539
0.09 0.000171752 0.00018S02 0.000 198288 0.000211556 0.00022-482-4 0.00023809 1 0.000251359
0.095 0'()OO205599 0.000221 117 0.000236636 0.000252 154 0.000267672 0.00028319 1 0.000298709
0. 1 0.0002+4 0.000262 0.00028 0.000298 0.000316 0.000334 0.000352
296
2
Table 3: q] from 0.075 to 0.105
0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105
q~
~
q]I
0.005 3.79375E-08 ·t042 5E'()8 4.29125E-08 .. 54E-08 " 7K87,SE-08 ,5 .0)75E-08 5.28625E-08
0.0 1 0.000000307 3.268E-07 3,466E-07 3.664E-07 3862E-07 0.000000406 4.258E-07
O.DlS l.04794E~ 1.11443E-06 I. 1809 1E-06 1.247-1E-06 1.31389E-<l6 1.38038E-OO 1,44686E-06
0.02 0.000002512 2.6688E-OO 2.8256E-<l6 2982>E-OO 3 1392E-<l6 0000003296 34528E-OO
0.025 4.96094E-06 5.26563E-OO 557031E-<l6 0.000005875 6. 17969E-OO 6.48438E-OO 6.78906E-<l6
0.03 0.000008667 9.1908E-<l6 9.71MlE-06 I.02384E.()5 1.07622E.()5 0.00001 1286 1.I 8098E'()5
0.035 1.39129E-05 U7404E-05 1.55679E·05 1.63954E-05 ) .72229E-05 1.80504E-05 188779E.o5
0.04 0 .000020992 2.22208E-05 2.344%E-05 2..l6784£-O5 2.59072E-05 0 .000027 136 2.83648E-05
0.045 3.02079E.Q5 3. 19484E.()5 3.36889E.Q5 3.5429-1E-05 3.7 1699E'()5 3.89 104E.Q5 4.06509E.()5
0.05 0.000041875 O.OOOO·4-H5 0.000046625 0 .000049 0.000051375 0 .00005375 0.000056125
0.055 5.6) I 79E"()5 5.94624E-05 6.26069E.()5 6.57514E-05 6.88959E'()5 7.20404E'()5 751&-.l9E-05
0.06 0.000073872 7.79328E-05 8. 19936E'()5 8.60544E-05 9.0 1152E-05 0.0000941 76 9.82368E'()5
0.065 9 .48829E-05 OJ)()() 1000 18 0 .00010515-' 0000110289 0.000115-425 0.00012056 0000125696
0.07 O.OO(ll 19707 0 .000 126087 0.000132>67 0.000 I 38846 0.0001 45226 0 .000151606 0000 151986
0.075 0.0001-'8711 0 .000156516 0.000 16432 0.000 172 125 0.000 17993 0.000187734 0.000 195539
0.08 0 .000182272 0 ,000191693 0 .0002011\-1 O.0002 10SJ..t 0.000219955 0 .000229376 0.000238797
0.085 0 .000220778 00002320 16 0.000243255 0 .OOO2~493 0 .000265732 0.00027697 0.000288209
0.09 0 ,00026-1627 0 .000277895 0,00029 1163 0.00030443 0,000317698 0.000330966 0.000344234
0.095 0 .00031-1228 0 .000329746 0.0003-15265 0.000360183 0.000316302 0.00039182 0.000407339
0. 1 0.00037 0.000388 0.000406 0.000424 0.000442 000046 0.000418

1 2345
q]q]qlqlql 1 234 (1
+q]qlqlql -q]5 ) +q]q]qlq]
1 235 (1
-ql4 ) +q]qlqlql
1 2 4 5 (1
-ql3 ) +
1 345 (1 -ql2 ) +qlqlqlql
+qlq]qlql 2 3 4 5 (1 -q]
I) +q}qlq]
] 23 (1 -ql4 )(1 -q]5 ) +
+q~q~ q~ (1- q: )(l- qn + q;qI2 q; (l-q: )(1-q~ ) +

+qllq:q~ (1- q~ )(l- qn + q;q;q~ (1- qn (1- q~ ) +
+qll q~ q~ (1- q~ ) (1- q~ ) + q~ q~ q~ (1- q;) (1- q~ ) +
+q~ q:q; (1- q~ )(1- q~ ) + q]2 q~ q~ (1- qll )(1- q:) +
+q;q~ q~ (1- q; ) (1- q~ ) ,
297
where qll, q~ , q~, q~ , q~ are the basic probabilities of that symbol
occurring on the reels respectively _
probability is (q; t+ f 2 ( q; (1- qll )( 2 qll - 3q; q~ + 3qn ' where q; is
the basic probability of that symbol occurring on one of the four
on the fifth reel. This particular formula returns the following table
of values and each table lists seven values of q~ _

2
Table I: ql from 0.005 to 0.035
2 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
ql
qll
0.005 6.82509E"()9 1.05377E-08 1.42503E-08 1.79629E"()8 2. 16755E-08 2.53881E-08 2.91007E-08
0.01 7.9003E.j)S 1.0&lU6E.j)7 1.J7809E.j)7 167212E-07 I 96615E-07 2.260 ISE.j)7 2.5S42 IE"()7
0.0 15 3. 48323E.j)7 4.46558E"()7 5.H793E.j)7 6A3029E.j)7 H 1264E.j)7 8.39499E.j)7 9.37734E.j)7
0.02 1.0177E.j)6 1.24819E.j)6 1.47869E.j)6 1.70918E.j)6 1.93968E.j)6 2. 170 18E.j)6 2.40067~
0.025 2.35%7E.()6 2.80527E~ 3 . 25088E~ 3 69648E.Q6 ·U4209E-06 4.5877&-06 5.0333E-06
0.03 4.71493E-06 5A7706E-06 6.23919E-06 7.00 132E-06 7.76345E-06 8.52557E-06 9.2877E-06
0035 8,49083E-06 9.6S86 1E-06 I.08864E-05 1.20842E"()5 1.3282E.j)5 I 44798E-05 I 56776E-05
0.04 1.4 1599E.j)5 1.59293E.j)5 1.76988E.j)5 19.J683E.j)5 2. 12378E.j)5 2.3OO72E.j)5 2.47767E.j)5
0.045 2.22583E-05 2.47515E.j)5 2.72448E.j)5 2.9738E.j)5 3.22l13E.j)5 3.47245E.j)5 3.72178E.j)5
0.05 3.3 38·UE-05 3.67688E-OS " .OI53 IE..()5 ·U5J75E..()5 4.69219E-05 ; ,03063E-05 5.36906E.j)5
0.055 " .8 1973E-05 5.26546E-05 5.71119E-05 6. 15692E-05 6.60265E-05 7.04839E-05 7.49412E-05
0.06 6.74 153E-05 7,))-II IE-05 7 88668E.j)5 8.45925E.j)5 9.0) 182E..()5 9.6Q.I4E.j)5 0.00010177
0.065 918145E"()5 9.9017E-05 0 .00010622 0.000 113422 0.000120625 0.000127827 0.00013503
0.07 0 .000122227 0.000131127 0.000140027 0.000 148926 0.000157826 0.000166726 0.000 175626
0.075 0.0001595-1 0000170369 O.t)(X)l81 198 0.000 192027 0.000202856 0.000213685 0.0002245 14
0.08 000020-169-1 0.00021769-1 0.000230695 0.000243696 0.000256696 0.00026%97 0.000282698
0.085 0.00025868 0.00027-1105 0.000289529 0.00030495-1 0.000320379 0.0003)5804 0.00035 1229
0.09 0.000322541 0.00034065 1 OJ)(10358762 0.000376873 0.000394983 0.000413094 0.000.,,204
0.095 0.000397368 0.000-1 1s.t35 0.000439501 0.()(xw)()567 0.000481634 0.0005027 0.000523766
0.1 0.00048-13 0.0005086 0.0005329 00005572 0.0005815 0.0006058 0.0006301
298
Table 2: q~ from 0.040 to 0.070
q~ 0 .040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
qll
0.005 3.28 133E-08 3.65258E'()8 '.02384E.()8 ·U951E-08 4.76636E.()& 5. I 3762E..()8 550888E'()8
0.0 1 2.848HE-07 3. 14227E"{)7 3.4363£-07 3.73033E-07 4 .024 36E"()7 4.3 1839E..()7 4.6 1242E..()7
0.015 I.03597E..()6 I 13421E..()6 1.23244E..()6 1.33068E-06 lA2891E..()6 1.527 I 5E"()6 1.62538E..()6
0.02 2.63117E.()6 286I66E.()6 3.09216E.()6 3.)2266E.()6 3.55315E.()6 3.78365E.()6 4.01414E.()6
0.025 5.4789IE.()6 5.92,;IE.()6 6.37012E.()6 681572E.()6 7.26I3lE.()6 7.70693E.()6 8. 1525'E.()6
0.03 1.00I98E.()5 1.0812E.()5 1.1 574 1E'()5 1.23362E'()5 1.l0983E'()5 1.38605E'()5 1.46226E.()S
0.035 1.687S3E-OS 1.80731E-O,5 1.92709E-OS 2.04687E-05 2. 16665E-O; 2.28643E-O,5 2.4062 1E-05
0.04 2.65462E'()5 2.83156E-05 3.0085 1E-05 3. 18546E-05 3.36241E-05 3.53935E-05 3.7163E-05
0.045 3.9711EoUS 4.220"'2E-05 -I.46975E'()5 4.71907E-O,5 4.9684E-05 5.2 1772E-05 5.46705E-05
0.05 0.000057075 6,~594 E..()5 6.38438E'()5 6.72281E.()5 7.06125E'()5 7.39969E'()5 7.73813E-05
0.055 7.93985E-05 8.38558E-05 8.8313 IE'()5 9.27704E.()5 9.72277E'()5 0.000101685 0.000106 1-12
0.06 0,000107495 0.00011322 1 0.0001 18947 0.000 124673 0.000130398 0.000 136 124 0.000 ) 4185
0.065 O.0CXl142232 0.000149435 0.000 156637 O.OOOI63M 0.00017 1042 0.000178245 0.000 185447
0.07 O.OOOI~526 0000 193426 0.000202325 0.000211225 0 .000220125 0.000229025 0.000237925
0.075 00002353-1) 0.000246172 0.000257001 0.00026783 0000278659 0.000289488 0.000300317
0.08 0.000295698 0.000308699 0.00032 17 0.000334701 0.00034770 1 0.000360702 0.000373703
0.085 0.00036(;65' 0.000382078 0.000397503 0.0004 12928 0 .000428353 0.000443778 0.000"59202
0.09 0.0004-'9315 0.000.467425 0.000-'85536 0.000503646 0 .000521757 0.000539868 0 .000557978
0.095 OOOO ~-'833 0.000565899 0,000586965 0.000608032 0.000629098 0.00065016-1 0.00067 1231
0. 1 0.00065-1-' 0 .0006787 0000703 0.0007273 000075 16 0 .0007759 0.0008002
2
Table 3: ql from 0.075 to O. J05
q~ 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105
qll
0.005 5 . 880I-'E~8 6.151-'E-OS 6.62266E'()8 6.99392E.()8 7J6518E~8 7.73644E~8 8.1077E'()8
0.0 1 " . 9(.)64SE~7 5 . 20048E~7 SA9"SIE.()7 S.7885-'E..()7 6.08257E'()7 6.3766E'()7 6 .6706JE.()7
0.DI5 1.72362E'()6 1.82 185E-06 1.92oo9E.()6 2.0 1832E-06 2. 11 656E..{)6 2.21 479E-06 2.3 1303E.()6
0.02 4.24-16-1E.()6 4.47S 14E..&> 4.70563E.()6 4.936 1JE.Q6 5. 16662E.()6 5.397 12E.()6 5.62762E.()6
0.025 8.59814E..()6 904375E.()6 9.-I8936E.()6 9.93496E.()6 1.03806E'()5 1.08262E'()5 1.I2718E'()5
0.03 1.53847E~S 1.61-«>9E~5 1.6909E-05 1.76711E"()5 1.84333E.()5 1.91954E~5 1.99575E~5
0.035 2 . 52599E~5 2.64576E'()S 276554E~5 2.88532E'()5 J.005IE..()5 3.12488E.()5 3.24466E'()5
0.04 3.89325E'()5 4.0 702E"()5 4 . 2471 4 E~5 -'.4 2409E-05 4 .60104E~5 4.77798E.()5 -I.95-193E.()5
0.045 5.71637E'()5 5.9657E'()5 6.2 1502E.()5 6.46435E.()5 6.71367E.()5 6.963E.()5 7.2 1232E'()5
299
0.05 8.07656E~5 00000&.415 8.75J.U·E-05 9.09188E~ 5 9. 4 303IE~5 9 76875E ~5 0.000101072
0.055 0.0001106 0 .000 11 5057 0.0001 19514 0.000 123 972 0 ,000 128429 0 .000132886 0.000137344
0.06 0.0001·0576 000015330 1 0 .000159027 0.000164753 0.000170478 000017620-1 0.000 18193
0.065 0.00019265 0000199852 0 .000207055 0.000214257 0.00022 146 0.000228662 0 .000235865
007 0.000246825 0 .000255724 0.000264624 0.000273524 0.000282424 0.000291324 0.000300223
0075 0.000311146 0000321975 0 .000332804 0.000343633 0.000354462 000036529 1 0.000376 12
0.08 0 .000386703 0.000399704 0 .00041 2705 0 .000425705 0.000438706 0.00045 1707 0.000464708
0.085 O.()()()474627 0,000490052 0 ,000505" 77 0.000520902 0.000536127 0 .000551751 0.000567176
0.09 0.000576089 000059-4199 0.0006123 1 0.00063042 U.00064853 1 0 .000666641 0.000684752
0.095 0.000692297 0000713363 00007)443 0.000755496 0,000776562 0.000797629 0.0008 18695
0. 1 0.0008245 00008488 0 .0008731 0.0008974 0.00092 17 0.000946 0 .0009703

four times
12 ql3451234
qlql ql ql + q2q2q2q2 (1 - q25) + q2q2q2q2
12 3 5(14) 1 245 (1 - q23) +
- q2 + q2q2q2q2
+q~q;q~ q; (1 - qi ) + qi q;q~ q; (1- q~) , where q! are the basic
probabilities of the two symbols occurring on the reels respectively
(q/ is the probability of symbol no. i occurring on reel no. i).

three times
1 2ql3ql4ql5+ q2q2q2
qlql 1 2 3(1 - q24) (1 - q25) + q2q2
1 2q24(1 - q23)(1 - q25) +
+q~q~ q~ (1- q; ) (1- q~ ) + q~q;q~ (1- q~ ) (1- q; ) +

+q~q;q; (1- qi ) (1- q~) + q~q~q; (1- qi ) (1- q; ) +
+q~q~q~ (1- q~) (1- qn + q~q~q; (1- q~)( 1- q~) +
+q~ q~ q~ (1- q~ ) (1- q~) + q~q~ q; (1- q;) (1- q~) , where q/ are the
basic probabilities of the two symbols occurring on the reels
respectively (q/ is the probability of symbol no. i occurring on reel
no.}).
300
at least four times
1 234512345 1 2 3 4 (1 5) 1 2 3 5 (1 4
qlq1ql q1 ql + q2q2q2q2q2 + q2q2q2q2 - q2 + q2q2q2q2 - q2 ) +
q~q~q~q; (1- q~ ) + q~q~q~q; (1- q~ ) + q~q~q~q; (1- q~ ) , where q( are

the basic probabilities of the two symbols occurring on the reels
respectively (q( is the probability of symbol no. i occurring on reel
no.j).
2.14 A specific symbol five times or any combination of that

12345 12 3 4 5 12345 1 2345 12345
q1 ql ql ql ql + ql q2q2q2q2 + q2ql q2q2q2 + q2q2 ql q2 q2 + q2q2 q2ql q2 +
1 2345 1 2345 1 23 45 12 3 4 5 12345
+q2q2q2q2ql + qlql q2q2q2 + qlq2q1 q2q2 + q1q2q2ql q2 + qlq2q2ql q1 +
1 2345 12345 12345 12345 12345
+q2q] q1q2q2 + q2q] q2ql q2 + q2q1 q2q2q] + q2q2q1 ql q2 + q2q2q] q2q1 +
] 2345 1 2345 ] 234 5 ] 2345 ] 2345
+q2q2q2q1ql + q2q2ql q1 ql + q2q1 q2q] ql + q2ql ql q2ql + q2ql q1 q1 q2 +
1 2345 12 3 4 5 1 2345 12 3 4 5 1 2 345
+qlq2q2q1ql + q]q2q1q2ql + q1q2ql ql q2 + qlq1q2q2ql + qlq1 q2q1 q2 +
12 3 4 5 12 3 4 5 12 3 4 5 1 23 4 5 123 4 5
+qlq1ql q2q2 + q2ql q1ql ql + q1q2ql ql q1 + qlq1 q2q1ql + qlq] ql q2q1 +
+q: q~ q~q:q;, where q( are the basic probabilities of the two
symbols occurring on the reels respectively (q( is the probability of
symbol no. i occurring on reel no. j).

ql1ql2ql3ql4 (1
- q15 ) + ql12 ql (1 - ql4 ) + q11q]2ql4q1
ql ql35 5 (1
- ql3 ) +
+q;qI3qI4q; (1- qn + q~ q~q: q; (1- qll ) + q;q~ q~q~q;, where q( and q~
are the basic probabilities of the first symbol occurring on the reels
respectively and of one (any) of the other three symbols occurring
on the reels respectively (q~ is the sum of the basic probabilities of
the three symbols each occurring on reel no. j).
301
2 x 5, 3 x 5, 4 x 5, 5 x 5 display
Such machines could have more than one payline, by default or

when enabled by the player.
The 2 x 5-display machine could have 2 to 6 paylines of length 5,
including horizontal, trapezoidal, or zigzag lines.
Figure 31. The model of the configuration of a 5-reel slot machine

with 2 x 5 display
The 3 x 5-display machine could have 3 to 25 pay lines of length

5, including all kinds of symmetric transversal lines (3 horizontal
lines, up to 2 triangular, up to 4 trapezoidal, up to 4 zigzag lines),
but also non-regular paylines (such as lines partially
overlapping a reel).

302
On a 5-reel 2 x 5-, 3 x 5-, 4 x 5-, or 5 x 5-display slot machine,
any two paylines are linked; therefore we cannot estimate the
probabilities of the winning events related to several lines. For one
payline, all the applications and numerical results presented in the
section 1 x 5 display hold for the 2 x 5, 3 x 5, 4 x 5, and 5 x 5-disp1ay
machines.
The probability results for the winning events on a payline of a

3-reel or 5-reel slot machine presented in their dedicated subchapters
also hold for the winning events on a pay line of length 3 or 5
respectively for a slot machine with more than 5 reels (which has
pay1ines of such lengths).
303
The 9-reel slot machines usually have a 3 x 3 display and the

length of a payline is 3, but it could be also of the non-common
lengths 4 or 5. The 9-reel 3 x 3-display slot machine could have 8 to
16 paylines oflength 3, as follows: 3 horizontal, 3 vertical, 2 oblique
(diagonal), or 8 triangular lines. It could also have 8 stair lines of
length 4, or 4 stair lines of length 5.

and the model of tbe configuration of its display
The common winning events on a payline oflength 3 are the

same as for the 3-reel slot machines, which are listed in the section
1 x 3 display of the subchapter 3-reel slot machines.
All the probability results for these winning events on one
payline of a 9-reel machine are the same as the probability results
presented in the section mentioned above (formulas and tables of
values).
304
Probabilities of winning events on several paylines
I shall consider all pay lines having the regular length 3. The
probability results will not be given in terms of the parameters of
each reel, nor of basic probabilities, as there would be too many
variables that would overload the formulas, but rather, in terms of
probabilities of the winning events on each payline of the group.
Each probability on a pay line of length 3 can be computed in
advance by using the results of subchapter 3-reel slot machines.

on the reels
1.1 A winning event on any of the horizontal lines

Ifp is the probability of that event occurring on one payline, then
the probability of the same event occurring on any of the 3
horizontal lines is 3p.
(Depending on the measured event, p could be any numerical
probability computed by using the results of sections 1.1 through
1.15 of the subchapter 3 -reel slot machines.)
Example:
Find the probability of a lemon occurring three times on any
horizontal line of a 9-reel slot machine with 60 stops on each reel,
having 3 lemons on each reel.
We compute first the probability p of a lemon occurring three
times on a pay line of length 3, by using the results of section 1.1 of
the subchapter 3-reel slot machines. We look in the table of that
section, at the intersection of row t = 60 with column c = 3 and find
the probability p = 0.000125. Then, the sought probability is
3p = 0.000375 = 0.0375%.
1.2 A winning event on any of the vertical lines

The same results as in previous section 1.1 apply here:
If p is the probability of that event occurring on one payline, then
the probability of the same event occurring on any of the 3 vertical
lines is 3p.
305
1.3 A winning event on any of the horizontal or vertical lines
lfp is the probability of that event occurring on one payline, then
horizontal or vertical lines is approximately equal to
p (25-60p+80p 2 -60p3 +25p4 _4 p 5).
5
F or this result, I used the overlapping method of approximation
(see section Approximating the probability of a conjunction ofslots
events), which is used several times for the next results in this
chapter.
Example:
In the same hypothesis as of the previous example, find the
probability of a lemon occurring three times on any of the horizontal
or vertical lines.
p was already found as p = 0.000125.
The sought probability is approximately
p (25 - 60 p + 80 p2 - 60 p 3 + 25 p4 _ 4 p5) =
5
= o.oo~ 125 [ 25 _ 60 .0000125 + 80 (0000 125)' - 60· (0.000 125)3+ 25 (0.000 125)' -4· (0.000 125)' J =
= 0.000625 = 0.0625%.
1.4 A winning event on either or both of the diagonal lines

the probability of the same event occurring on either or both of the 2
diagonal lines is approximately equal to p (5 - 2 p ) .
3
Example:
probability of a lemon occurring three times on any diagonal line.
p = 0.000125.
~ (5 - 2p) = 0.00~125 (5 - 2·0.000125) = 0.0002083 = 0.02083%.
306
1.5 A winning event on any of the horizontal or diagonal
lines
If p is the probability of that event occurring on one pay line, then
the probability of the same event occurring on any of the S
horizontal or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
L(23p4 -11Sp3+ 230p2 - 2S0p + 122).
30
Example:
probability of a lemon occurring three times on any horizontal or
diagonal line.
p = 0.00012S. The sought probability is approximately
L (23 p4 -lIS p3 + 230 p2 - 2S0 P + 122) =
30
= 0.0~~125 [23- (0.000125)4 - 115 · (0.000 125i + 230· (0.000125)2 - 250·0.000125 + 122] =
= 0.000S08 = 0.OS08%.
1.6 A winning event on any of the vertical or diagonal lines

The same results as in previous section 1.S apply here :
the probability of the same event occurring on any of the S vertical
or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
L(23p4 -11Sp3+ 230p2 -2S0p + 122).
30
1. 7 A winning event on any of the horizontal, vertical, or

diagonal lines
horizontal, vertical, or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
p (62 p 2 - 62p + 24) .
3
For this result, I also used the approximation of A2 type (see
section Approximating the probability of a disjunction of slot
events); such approximation methods were used several times for the
next results of this chapter.
307
Example:
probability of a lemon occurring three times on any horizontal,
vertical, or diagonal line.
p = 0.000125.
~ (62 p 2 - 62p + 24) = O.OO~) 25 [ 62 . (0.000 125)2 - 62 · 0.000125 + 24] =
= 0.001 = 0.1 %.
The next table notes the probabilities of a winning event

occurring on the various groups of several lines of a 9-reel slot
machine (occurring on any line of the group), as defined in sections
1.1 to 1.7 of the current SUbchapter, as a function of the probability p
of that event occurring on one payline of length 3, in case A. The
numerical results are either exact or approximations, according to
the formulas presented in the sections 1.1 to 1.7. The values ofp are
listed in increments of 0.005, ranging from 0.005 to 0.05.
Table of values for the probability of a winning event on groups of several

lines of a 9-reel slot machine
Groupo! 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7

lines
p
0.0005 0.0015 0.002497002 0.000833 167 0.00203125 1 0.003994836
0.00 10 0.003 0.0049880 16 0.00 1666 0.00405834 1 0.007979354
0.00 15 0.0045 0.007473054 0.0024985 0.00608 1276 0.01 195357
0.0020 0.006 0.009952128 0.003330667 0.00810006 1 0.0159 17499
0.0025 0.0075 0.0 1242525 0.004 1625 0.0101 14703 0.0 19871 156
0.0030 0.009 0.01489243 1 0.004994 0.0 12125207 0.0238 14558
0.003 5 0.0 105 0.017353684 0.005825 167 0.0 14131578 0.0277477 19
0.0040 0.0 12 0.01980902 1 0.006656 0.0 16 133823 0.031670656
0.0045 0.0 13 5 0.022258453 0.0074865 0.0 18 13 1947 0.03 5583383
0.0050 0.0 15 0.02470 1993 0.0083 16667 0.020125956 0.0394859 17
0.0055 0.0 165 0.027 13965 1 0.009 1465 0.022 11 5855 0.043378272
0.0060 0.0 18 0.02957 144 0.009976 0.024 10165 1 0.047260464
0.0065 0.0 195 0.03 1997373 0.0 10805167 0.026083349 0.05 1132509
0. 0070 0.02 1 0.034417459 0.0 11 634 0.028060954 0.054994422
308
0.0075 0.0225 0.03683 171 2 0.0124625 0.030034472 0.0588462 19
0. 0 080 0.024 0.039240 143 0.0 13290667 0.03200391 0.0626879 15
0.0085 0.0255 0.04 1642764 0.0 14 1185 0.033969272 0.066519525
0.0090 0.027 0.044039586 0.0 14946 0.035930564 0.070341066
0.00 95 0.02 85 0.04643062 1 0.0 15773 167 0.037887792 0.074152552
0.0100 0.03 0.04881588 0.0 166 0.039840962 0.077954
0 .0105 0.031 5 0.051 195377 0.0174265 0.04 1790079 0.08 1745424
0 .0 11 0 0. 033 0.053569 121 0.018252667 0.043735 148 0.08552684 1
0.0 11 5 0.0345 0.055937125 0.0190785 0.045676 176 0.089298265
0.0 120 0.036 0.0582994 0.0 19904 0.047613169 0.0930597 12
0.0 125 0.0375 0.060655959 0.020729167 0.049546 13 1 0.09681 1198
0.0 130 0.039 0.0630068 11 0.02 1554 0.05 1475068 0.100552738
0 .0135 0.0405 0.06535197 0.0223785 0.053399986 0. 104284348
0.0 140 0.042 0.067691446 0.023202667 0.05532089 0.108006043
0.0 145 0.0435 0.070025251 0.0240265 0.057237787 0. 111 717838
0.0 150 0.045 0.072353396 0.02485 0.059 150682 0.11541975
0.0 155 0.0465 0.074675894 0.025673 167 0.061059579 0. 11 9 111 793
0. 01 60 0.048 0.076992755 0.026496 0.062964486 0.122793984
0.0165 0.0495 0.07930399 1 0.0273185 0.064865406 0.126466337
0.0 170 0 .051 0.08 16096 13 0.028 140667 0.066762347 0.130128869
0 .0 17 5 0.0525 0.083909633 0.0289625 0.068655314 0.13378 1594
0.0 180 0.054 0.086204062 0.029784 0.0705443 11 0. 137424528
0 .0 185 0.0555 0.0884929 11 0.030605 167 0.072429345 0.14 1057687
0 .0 19 0 0 .05 7 0.090776 192 0.03 1426 0.0743 1042 1 0.144681086
0.0 195 0.058 5 0.093053917 0.0322465 0.076 187545 0.14829474 1
0.0200 0 .06 0.095326096 0.033066667 0.078060722 0.151898667
0 .0205 0 .06 15 0.09759274 1 0.0338865 0.079929958 0. 155492879
0 .0210 0 .063 0.099853863 0.034706 0.08 1795259 0. 159077394
0.02 15 0.0645 0. 102 109473 0.035525 167 0.083656629 0.162652226
0 .0 2 20 0 .066 o.104359583 0.036344 0.0855 14074 0.1662 17392
0.022 5 0 .0675 O. 106604203 0.037 1625 0.0873676 0. 169772906
0 .0230 0.069 0.108843346 0.037980667 0.089217213 0. 173318785
0 .0235 0 .0705 0.111077022 0.0387985 0.091062917 0.176855043
0.0240 0 .072 0. 113305242 0.0396 16 0.092904718 0.180381696
0.0245 0 .0735 0.115528018 0.040433 167 0.094742623 0. 18389876
0 .02 5 0 0 .075 0.11774536 1 0.04 125 0.096576635 0.18740625
0.02 5 5 0.0765 0.11 9957282 0.0420665 0.09840676 1 0. 190904 182
0.0260 0.078 0.1221 6379 1 0.042882667 0.100233007 0.19439257 1
0.026 5 0 .079 5 0.12436490 1 0.0436985 0.102055377 0.197871432
309
0.0270 0.081 0126560622 0.044514 O. 103873877 0.201340782
0 .0275 0.0825 o 128750965 0.045329167 0.105688512 0.204800635
0.0280 0.084 0. 130935942 0.046144 O. 107499289 0.20825 1008
0.0285 0.0855 0. 133115563 0.0469585 0. 109306212 0.21169 1915
0.0290 0.087 0. 135289839 0. 047772667 0. 111109287 0.215 123373
0.0295 0.0885 0. 137458781 0.0485865 0. 112908519 0.218545396
0.0300 0.09 o 139622401 0.0494 0.114703914 0.221958
0.0305 0.0915 0. 141780709 0.0502 13 167 0. 116495476 0.22536120 I
0.03 10 0.093 o 143933716 0.051026 0.118283213 0.228755014
0.03 15 0.0945 0. 14608 1434 0.0518385 0. 120067128 0.232139455
0.0320 0.096 0. 148223872 0.052650667 0.121847228 0.2355 14539
0.0325 0 .0975 0. 150361042 0.0534625 0.123623517 0.23888028 1
0.0330 0.099 0. 152492956 0.054274 0.125396001 0.242236698
0.0335 0 . 1005 0. 154619622 0.055085167 0.127164686 0.245583804
0.0340 0. 102 0. 156741054 0.055896 0.128929576 0.248921616
0.0345 0.1035 0.158857261 0.0567065 0.130690678 0.252250148
0.0350 0.105 0160968254 0.057516667 0132447996 0.2555694 17
0.0355 0.1065 0163074044 0.0583265 0.134201536 0.258879437
0.0360 0.108 0. 165174641 0.059136 0. 135951304 0.262180224
0.0365 0 . 1095 0.167270057 0.059945167 0. 137697304 0.265471794
0.0370 0.11 1 0. 169360303 0.060754 o 139439542 0.268754162
0.0375 0.1125 o 171445388 0.0615625 0. 14 1178023 0.272027344
0.0380 0.114 o 173525324 0.062370667 0. 142912753 0.275291355
0 .0385 0. 11 55 0. 175600122 0.0631 785 0. 144643737 0.27854621
0.0390 0. 11 7 o 177669791 0.063986 0. 14637098 0.281791926
0 .0395 0.1185 0. 179734343 0.064793167 0.148094488 0.285028517
0.0400 0.12 0. 181793789 0.0656 0.149814265 0.288256
0.0405 0.1215 0. 183848 138 0.0664065 0.1515303 18 0.291474389
0.04 10 0.123 o 185897402 0.067212667 0.153242651 0.294683701
0.04 15 0 . 1245 0. 18794 1592 0.0680185 0. 15495127 0.29788395
0.0420 0 . 126 0. 189980717 0.068824 0. 15665618 0.301075152
0.0425 0.1275 0192014788 0.069629167 0. 158357386 0.304257323
0.0430 0 . 129 0. 194043816 0.070434 0.160054894 0.307430478
0.0435 0.1305 o 196067812 0.0712385 0. 161748709 0.310594633
0.0440 0.132 0.198086786 0.072042667 0. 163438836 0.313749803
0.0445 0.1335 0.200 I00748 0.0728465 0. 165 12528 0.3 16896003
0.0450 0.135 0.202109708 0.07365 0. 166808047 0.32003325
0.0455 0.1365 0.204 113679 0.074453167 0.168487142 0.323161558
0.0460 0.138 0.206112669 0.075256 0. 17016257 0.326280944
310
0.0465 0. 1395 0.208106689 0.0760585 0. 17 1834337 0.32939 1422
0.0470 0.141 0.2 1009575 0. 076860667 0. 173 502447 0. 332493009
0.0475 0. 1425 0.2 12079862 0.077662 5 0. 175 166906 0.3355857 19
0.0480 0. 144 0.2 14059035 0.078464 0. 176827718 0.338669568
0.0485 0 . \45 5 0.2 1603328 0. 079265 167 o 17848489 1 0.341 744572
0.0490 0. 147 0.2 18002608 0.080066 0. 180138427 0.3448 10746
0.0495 0 . 1485 0.2 19967027 0.0808665 0. 181788333 0.347868106
0.0500 0 . \5 0.22 192655 0.081 666667 0. 1834346 15 0.3509 16667
Example of using the table :

Find the probability of any bar symbol occurring three times on
any horizontal, vertical, or diagonal pay line of a 9-reel 3 x 3-display
slot machine with the same number of stops and the same symbol
distribution on each reel, knowing that the probability of any bar
occurring three times on a payline is 0.00376.
We look in the first column for the values 0.0035 and 0.0040,
which bound the value p = 0.00376.
The group of lines corresponds to section 1.7. We look at the
intersection of rows p = 0.0035 and p = 0.0040 with column 1.7 and
find the probability values 0.027747719 and 0.031670656 as
bounding the real value of the sought probability. We could take
0.029 = 2.9% as an approximation. For a more accurate result, we
should use the formula in section 1.7.

For the 8 lines of length 3 considered (horizontal, vertical, and

diagonal) when forming the most common groups of pay lines on
which the winning events are measured in probability, for each
event and group oflines described in the next sections 2.1 to 2.7, I
shall denote by PI' P2' P3 the probabilities of that event occurring
on the 3 horizontal lines from top to bottom respectively, by
P4' P5' P6 the probabilities of that event occurring on the 3 vertical
lines from left to right respectively, and by P7' P8 the probabilities
of that event occurring on the 2 diagonals (the diagonal
corresponding to P7 is that one joining the top-left and the bottom-
right spots).
311
The probability of a winning event occurring on any of the 3
horizontal lines is PI + P2 + P3 .

vertical lines is P4 + P s + P6 .

PI + P2 + P3 + P4 + P s + P6 - PIP2 - PIP3 - P2P3 - P4PS - P4P6 - PSP6 -
~[ max(Pi' p)- PiP} ]
- 1~3 PiP j + 3 + PIP2P3 + P4PSP6 +
4$)$6
312
2.4 A winning event on either or both of the diagonals
The probability of a winning event occurring on either or both of
the 2 diagonals is approximately equal to
2P7PS + max(P7'PS)
P7 + Ps - .
3

lines
The probability of a winning event occurring on any of the S
A+A+~+~+A-AA-A~-A~-~A-
max(P7'PS) - P7PS ,,[ max(p;, Pj )- PiPj ]

- ,., -.i..JP;Pj + +
.) 1 ~;~3 3
j=7,8
+PIP2P3 + I [PkP7PS+ maX(Pk, P7' :S)- PkP7PS]+
I g~3
" [ 2maX(p;, p j, Pk)-2P;PjPk]

+.i..J P;PjPk + -
1S;<j~3 9
k=7,S
-k~JPIP2P3Pk + maX(PI,P2, P3'{k) - PIP2P3Pk ]-
" [ smax(p; ,pi'P7,PS) -SP;PjP7PS]

-1~f:J~3 P;PjP7PS + 18 +
+P P P P P + 7max(Pl,P2,P3,P7'PS) -7PIP2P3P7PS .
I 2 3 7 S 30

The probability of a winning event occurring on any of the S
vertical or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
~+~+A+~+A-~~-~A-~A-~A-
_ max(P7'PS) - P7PS _ ,,[ . + max(p;,p) - p;p j ] +

,., .i..J P,P) 3
.) 4 ~1 ~6
j=7,S
+P4PSP6 + I [PkP7PS + maX(Pk, P7':S) - PkP7PS]+
4~k~6
313
diagonal lines
horizontal, vertical, or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
PI + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 + P6 + P7 + pg - P1P2 - PIP3 - P2P3 - P4P5-
_P P -P P -P P _ max(P7,pg)- P7Pg_
465678 ,..,
-'
maX(Pi' p) - PIP j ] 1 (
-ltt3
" [
PiPj + 3
)
+ "2 PIP2P3+ P4P5P6 +
4$j $ g
314
1 " [ 2maX(Pi ,p )' Pk)-2PiP;Pk ]
+- ~ PiPjPk + +
2 1~i<j~3 9
k=7 ,S
1 " [ 2maX(PI, p;, Pk)-2PIPjPk ]
+- ~ PiPjPk + +
2 4~/<j~6 9
k=7,S
+±[P3P4PS+ maX(P3,P4'fs)- P3P4PS]+
+ ~ [P1P6PS+ max(pl'P6'fs) - P1P6PS] +
+±[PIP4P7 + max(ppP4 ' f 7 )- PIP4P7]+
+~[P3P6P7 + maX(P3,P6' f 7 ) - P3P6P7]+
+
+±[PIP4PS max(ppP4' f s) - PIP4PS ]+
+~[P3P6PS + maX(P3, P 6' f s)- P3P6PS]+
+±[PIP6P7 + maX(PI , P 6' f 7 )- PIP6P7]+
+~[P3P4P7 + maX(P3, P 4' f 7 ) - P3P4P7] .
If we also consider larger groups of lines (including the triangular

lines), the probability formulas become even more overloaded. For
saving space, I considered only the most common groups of paylines
for which I presented the probability formulas.
315
The 16-reel slot machines usually have the 4 x 4 configuration of

the display. The standard length of a payline is 4, but it could also
have the length 3, 6, 7, or 8.
The 16-reel 4 x 4-display slot machine could have 8 to 22
pay lines of length 4, as follows: 4 horizontal, 4 vertical, 2 oblique
(diagonal), or 12 trapezoidal lines. It could also have 4 transversal
stair lines of length 7, 12 double-stair lines oflength 6, or 10 double-
stair lines of length 8. It could also have 4 oblique lines of length 3.
The common winning events on a payline are:

E\ - A specific symbol four times (on a pay line of length at least
4; for example, ( • • IIt»
E2 - Any symbol four times (quadruple; on a payline oflength at
least 4)
E3 - A specific symbol exactly three times
(on a payline oflength at least 3; for example, (0 • • any»
E4 - Any symbol exactly three times (triple) (on a payline of
length at least 3)
(on a pay line oflength at least 3; for example, (mix
that is ( " ) or ( , ) or (
payline oflength 4)
(on a pay line of length at least 3; for example,
c!!!y bar a~ti~ar any bar any bar), with three bar symbols like
c:m IIt!il
I!!:!ll, m:J:.il, c:m, for a payline oflength 4).
For paylines of length 6, 7, or 8 there could be also other specific
winning events not listed above.
316
Probabilities of winning events on one pay line
All the probability results for the winning events on one payline
oflength 3 ofa 16-reel machine are the same as the probability
results presented in the section 1 x 3 display ofthe subchapter
3-reel slot machines (formulas and tables of values).
Next, I shall consider the probabilities ofthe winning events on a
payline oflength 4.

on the reels
1.1 Event E\ - A specific symbol four times
The probability of E, is P( E,) ~(~ J' where t is the number of
stops of a reel and c is the distribution of that symbol on a reel.

This formula returns the following table of values, where the
317
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring four
times on a payline
c I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.00000625 0.0001 0.00050625 0.00 16 0.00390625 0.0081 0.0 1500625
22 4.26883E.Q6 6.830I3E.Q5 0,000345776 0.001092822 0.002668021 0.005532409 0.0 10249.47 1
24 3.01408E-06 4.82253E-05 O.OOO2HI4i 0.00077 1605 0.00188380 1 0.00390625 0.00723681
26 2. 1883E-06 3. 50128E-OS 0 .000177252 0,000560204 0 .001367687 0 ,002836035 0 .005254105
28 1.62693E-06 2.60J08E-05 0000131781 0.00041 6493 0.001016829 0.002 108496 0.00390625
30 1.23457E..Q6 1.9753 I E.{)S 0.0001 0.0003 16049 0.000771605 0.00 16 0.002964 198
32 9.53674E.Q7 1.52588E.Q5 7.72476E.Q5 0.00024414 1 0.000596046 0.00 1235%2 0.002289772
34 7483 15E-07 1.1973E-OS 6.06135E-05 0 .000 19 1569 0 .000467697 0.0009698 16 0 ,0017%704
36 5.95374E-07 9.52599E..()6 ".82253E-05 0.000 152416 0 .000372109 0.00077 160.5 0 .00 1429493
38 ... 79585E-07 7.673 36E-06 3.8346-1-E-05 0.000122774 0.000299741 0.000621542 0 .001 151484
40 3.90625E-07 0.00000625 3. I6406E-05 0.0001 O,OOOH4141 0.00050625 0.000937891
42 3.21368E.Q7 5.14189E.Q6 2.60308E.Q5 8.22702E.Q5 0.000200855 0.000416493 0.000771605
44 2.66802E.Q7 4.26883E.Q6 2 1611 E.Q5 6.83013E.Q5 0.000 166751 0.000345 776 0.000640592
46 2.23341E-07 3. 57H6E-06 1.80906E-05 5.7 1753E-05 0 .000 139588 0.00028945 0.000536242
48 1.8838E-07 3.0 1,*08E-06 1.52588E-05 4.82253E.{)5 0.000 11 7738 0.000244141 0.000452301
50 0.00000016 0.00000256 0.0000 1296 0.00004096 0.000 1 0.00020736 0.000384 16
52 1.36769E.Q7 2 1883E.Q6 1.1 0783E.Q5 3.50 128E.Q5 8.54804E.Q5 0.000177252 0.000328382
54 1.17605E.Q7 1.88 168E.Q6 9.52599E.Q6 3.0 1068E.Q5 7.3503E.Q5 0.000 1524 16 0.000282369
56 1.01683E-07 1 62693E-06 8.2363 1E-06 2.60308E.Q5 6.35518E.Q5 0.00013 1781 0.000244 141
58 883666E..()8 1.4 1387E-06 7 15769E-06 2.26218E-05 5. 52291 E"()5 0.000 114523 0.0002 12168
60 7.7160SE-08 I 23457E..Q6 000000625 L97531E-05 4.82253E-05 0.000 1 0.000 185262
62 6. 76758E.Q8 1.0828 1£-06 5.481 74E-06 1.7325E.Q5 4.22974E-05 8.77078E.Q5 0.000 16249
64 5.96046E.Q8 9.5367"'E-07 4.82798E.Q6 1.52588E.Q5 3.72529E.Q5 7.72476E.Q5 0.000 143111
66 5.270I7E.Q8 8.4 3226E.07 4.26883E.Q6 l.349 16E-05 329385E.Q5 6.830 13E.Q5 0.000 126537
68 ... .67697E-08 7.483 15E-07 3, 78834E-06 1.1973E-05 2.923 IE-05 6.06135E.Q5 0.000 11 229,*
70 ... . 16-l-93E-08 6.66389E-07 3.37359E-06 1.06622E"{)5 2.60308E-05 5.39775E-05 0.0001
72 3.72109E.Q8 5.9537"'E-07 3.0 1"'08E..()6 9.52599E-06 2.32568E.()5 4.82253E.Q5 8.93433E.Q5
74 3.33483E.Q8 5.33572E-07 2.70 12IE.Q6 8.537 15E.Q6 2.08427E.Q5 .... 32193E-05 8.00692E.Q5
76 2.997'" 1E-08 ... .79585E-07 2.4279E-06 7.67336E-06 1.87338E-05 3,GG"'64E-05 7. 19677E-05
78 2.7016E-08 ... .32257E-07 2.1883E-06 6.916IE-06 1.6885E-05 3.50128E-05 6.48655E-05
80 2.4'" I... 1E-08 3. 90625E-07 1.9775,*E-06 0.00000625 1.52588E-05 3,16406E-05 5.86182E-05
82 2.21 179E-08 3.53887E-07 1.79155E-06 5.662 19E..QG 1.38237E-05 2.866"'8E-05 5.3 1052E.Q5
84 2.00855E-08 3.21368E-07 1.62693E.{)6 5.1"'189E-06 1.25534E.Q5 2.60308E.Q5 ... .82253E-05
86 1.82813E-08 2925E-07 1.48078E..{)6 4.68E-06 1.I ... 258E-05 2.36925E.Q5 4.38933E-05
318
88 1.66751E-08 2.66802E-07 1.35069E..()6 4.26883E.06 1.0422E"'()5 2.161l E"'(); 4J)())7E-05
90 1.52'* 16E-08 2 . 3865E~7 1.23457E~ 390IS-IE.()6 9 .52599E.()6 1.9753 1E4J; 3.6595E~5
92 1.39188 E~ 8 2 . 2JJ 'I E~ 7 I.I J066E.()6 317J-!6E.()6 8.m26E.()6 I.80906E~5 J.J 5 11IE~5
94 1. 280 82E~8 2. 049J I E ~ 7 1.0J 747E.()6 J.2789E.()6 8.001 13E.()6 1. 6199. E~1 J . 0712 1 E~5
96 1.1 77J8E~8 1.8838E-07 9.53674E-07 3.0 140SE-06 73586E.()6 1.52588E-05 2 . 8 2688E~5
98 1,08411£-08 1.73467E-07 8.78 174E"()7 2.775 ~6E-06 6.77604E-06 1.40508E-05 2.60308E-05
100 0,00000001 0 .00000016 O.()(K)OO()8 1 O,OOOOOH6 0.00000625 000001296 0 .0000240 1
102 9 .23 84 5 E~9 1.478 15E-07 7.483 15E-07 2 365~E.()6 5.mOJE.()6 I 1 973E~5 2 . 2 1 81 5 E~5
104 8.54R04E.()9 1.36769E.()7 6 . 92 39 IE~7 2.1883E-06 5. J425J E.()6 1.I07 8 JE ~ 5 2. 052J 8 E~5
106 7.9209. E'()9 1. 267 J5E~7 6. 41 5%E~ 7 2.02 776E.()6 4 . 9 5059E~ 1.0 26 55E~ 5 1.901 82E"()5
108 7,3503E~ I 17605E-07 5.95374E-07 I 88168E-06 ·U 939-1E-06 9.52599E-06 1.76-*8 \ E-05
J 10 6.830 13E-09 109282E.o7 5.53HIE-07 I 7~5IE..()6 -1 .26883E..()6 885 185E-06 1.63992E-05
112 6.355 18E-09 1.0 1683E-07 5.1 477E-07 1.62693E-06 3. 91199E..()6 8.2363 IE-06 1 .52588E~5
114 5.9208 E~9 9 . 4 7J28E~8 ' .7958 5E~ 7 1.5 157JE.()6 J. 7005E.()6 7.67JJ 6E.()6 U 2 1 58E~5
116 5.5229 IE"()9 8 8J666E~8 H 7356Em 1.41 J 87E.()6 J.45 I82E'()6 7. 1 576 9E~6 1.3 2605 E~5
118 5 . 1 5789E~9 8.25262E-08 4 17789E~7 1.l20' 2E.()6 J. 22J68E.()6 6 .68462 E.()6 I.2 J84 1E ~ 5
120 -1.82253 E-09 7.71605E-08 390625E-07 I 23-1 57E-06 3.0 )408E-06 0.00000621 I . I 5789E-05
122 4 ,51399E-09 7.22239E-08 3.65613E-07 1.1 5558E-06 2.82 124E-06 5850 13E..Q6 1.08381E-05
124 4.22974E-09 6 .76758E-08 J .4260!JE.{)7 1.08281E-06 2.64358E-06 5 .481 74 E ~ I.0 1556E-05
126 3.%75 I E-09 6 .J 4 1!O I E~8 J . 2IJ68E~7 1.0 I 568E..()6 2.47969E.()6 5. 14 J89E-06 9.52599E-06
128 3.72529E-09 5.96046E~8 3.0 1749E-07 9 .53674E.{)7 2.3 283 1E-06 H2798E.()6 8.94442E..()6
130 3.50128E'{)9 5.602<UE..()8 2 8J6O.lE~7 8 . %J27E~7 2 188JE.()6 4.53766E-06 8.406 57E.()6
132 3.29385E-09 5.270 17E"()S 2 . 66802E~7 8.43226E-07 205866E.()6 ·U6883E-06 790854E.()6
134 3. 10156E.{)9 4.9625E..()S 2.5 1227E.{)7 7.94 E-07 1. 93848E.()6 4.0 1963E-06 7.44686E.()6
136 2.9231E-09 4.67697E-08 2.3677 1E-07 7.483 15E-07 1. 82694E-06 3. 78834E-06 7.01837E..()6
138 2 . 757 3 E~ 4.41 168E-08 2.2334 IE..()7 7.05868E-07 1. 7233 1E-06 3.57346E-06 6 .62027E.()6
140 2 . 60J08E~9 4. 16493E-OS 2 . 1085E~7 6 .66389E-07 1 62693E.()6 3.373S9E-06 000000625
142 2. 4 5 95E~9 3 . 9J52 E~8 1. 992 1 9E~7 6.2%J2E ~7 1537 19E.()6 J .1875 IE.()6 5.905 26E.()6
144 2.32568E-09 3.72 109E-08 1.8838E-07 5.95374E-07 1.45J 55E.()6 J.01408E.()6 5.58J 96E.()6
148 2.08-l 27E..()9 3.33483E-08 1.68826E-07 5.33572E-07 1.30267E-06 2. 70 12 IE-06 5 . ~ 32 E-<J6
150 1.97531E-09 3. 16049E-08 0,00000016 5.05679E-07 1 23457E-06 0.000002 56 4.74272E-06
152 1.87338E-09 2,99741E-08 151744E-07 4.79585E-07 1 17086E-06 H279E.()6 4 49798E-06
154 1.77 794 E~9 2 .84 4 7 E~8 1. 4.o IJE~7 4.55 153 E..()7 1.1 112 I E.()6 2.3042 IE.()6 4.2688JE.()6
156 1.6885E~9 2.701 6E~ 8 1.36769E"()7 4 .3225 7E ~ 7 1.0553 1E-06 2.188JE.()6 ' .0540 9E.()6
158 1.60462E-09 2.56139E"()8 1.29974 E-07 4. 10782 E..()7 1.00289E.()6 2.07958E.()6 J 85269E.()6
160 1.52588E-09 2441 4 1E"()& 1.23596E-07 3.90625E..()7 9.53674E-07 1.97754E..()6 J .66364E.()6
162 1.45 19 1E-09 2 .32306E~8 1. 17605E-07 3.7I 689E-01 9 ,07444 E-07 1.8&I68E-06 J A8604E.()6
164 1.J8 2J7 E~9 2.2 1179E-08 1.11972E-07 J.5J887E ~7 8 6J982E~7 1.79155E.()6 3.3 1907E..()6
166 1.3 1695 E-09 2. 107 1 I E~8 1.06673 E-07 3.37 138E-07 8.2309 1E-07 1.70676E-06 J .16 199E.()6
319
168 1.25534E..()9 2.00855E-08 1 0 1683£ -07 3.21 368E-07 7.8459E-07 1.62693E..()6 30 1408E-06
170 1.1 973E-0 9 1.91569E-08 9.698 16E..()8 3.065 1E-07 7.48315E..07 1.55 17 1E-06 2.87473E-06
172 1.14258E-01) 1.828 13E..Q8 9.25489£ "{}8 2.92 5E-07 7. 141 12E-07 1 48078E-06 2.74333E-06
174 1.09095E-09 \ ,7455IE..{}8 8.83666E-08 2.79282E-07 6.8 184 1&07 l A1 387E..Q6 2.6 1936E-06
176 L0422 E-09 1.66751£..08 8.44) 79E-08 2.66802E-07 6.51372E-07 l.35069E..()6 2.5023 IE-06
178 9.% 139E-1O 159382£-08 8.06873E-08 2.550 12E-07 6 22587E-07 L29 IE-06 2.39 173E-06
180 952599E- I O 1.5241 6E..()8 7.7 1605E..o8 2A3865E..07 5.9537-' E-07 1.23457£-06 2.287 19E-06
182 9 .1141IE-1O IA5826E-08 7.38243E-08 2.3332 1E-07 5.69632E·0 7 I 18119£ -06 2. I 883E..Q6
184 8.72426E- 10 1.39588E..(jX 7.06665E-08 2.23 34 1E-07 5.45266E..()7 I . I 3066E...Q6 2.0947E...()6
186 8.3 5503E- 10 1.3368 IE-08 6.76758E-08 2 13889E.o7 5.2219E-07 1.08281E..()6 2.00604E-06
188 8-')0513£- 10 I 28082E-08 6.4841 6E-08 2.0493 1£-07 5.0032 1E-07 l.03747E-06 1.9220 3E-06
190 7.6 73 36E-1O 1 . 22n~ E-OR 6.2 1542E-08 1.96438E-0 7 4 .79585E-07 9.94468E-07 1.84 237E.{)6
192 7.3586E- 1O I 17738E-<l8 5.%046E-08 1.8838E-07 4 .599 12E-07 ~ 53674E-<l7 1.7668E-06
194 7.0598 IE- IO 1.l 2957E-08 5,7 J845E-08 1.8073 I E-07 4.412 38E-07 ~ . 1 4 9 52E-0 7 1.69506E-06
196 6 77604E-1O I 08417E-OS 548859E-08 1.73467E-07 4.23502E-Q7 8 78 174E-07 1.6269JE-06
198 6.506J 8E· IO l.04102E-08 5.270 17E-08 1.66563E-07 4.06649E-07 8.43226E-07 1.562 18E-06
200 6.25E·IO 0.00000001 5.0625E-08 0.000000 16 3.90625E-07 0.00000081 1.50063E-06
1.2 Event E2 - Any symbol four times (quadruple)
The probability of E, is peE,) ~ t (; )' ,where p is the

number of distinct symbols of the machine and c, are the
distributions of the p symbols on a reeL For applying this formula,
we must compute the probability of event E\ for each of the p
symbols and add them up. This can be done by usingp times the
The probability of E3 is P(E3) = 4C3 (~ - c) , where t is the

t
values of t are listed in increments of2, ranging from 20 to 200, and
320
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring three
times on a payline
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
~
t
20 0 ,00000625 0.000 1 0 .00050625 0,00 16 0.00390625 0 .008 1 0.0 1500625
22 " .26883 E-06 6.83013E-O; 0.000345776 0.00 I 092822 OJ)()2668021 0.005532409 0.01024947 1
24 3.01.j()8E-% 4.822 53E.()S O.OOOH.I .I 0.00071\605 0.00 1883801 0.00390625 0.0072368 1
26 2. 1883E-% 3 . 50128E~5 0.000177252 0.00056020. 0.00\367687 0.002836035 0.005254 105
28 1.62693E..()(i 2.60308E-OS 0.00013178 1 0.000-4.16493 0.0010 16829 0.002 108. 96 0.00390625
30 1.23457E-06 1.97531E-05 0.000 1 O . OOO3 1~9 0 .000771605 0 .00 16 0.002964 198
32 9.53674E..()7 1.52588E-05 7.12476E-05 0.000244 141 0 .000596046 0 ,00 1235962 0 .002289772
34 7.-18315E-07 I 1973E..o5 6,06135£-05 0.(>00191569 0.000467697 0,0009698 16 0 .00 1796704
36 5 . 9537 .E~7 9 52599E~ U2253E~5 O.(XXH5H I6 0.000372109 0.000771605 0.001.29. 93
38 4 . 79585E~7 7.67336E-% 3.8s.!64E~5 0.00012277. 0.000299741 0.000621542 0.00115 1.84
40 3.90625 E~ 7 0.00000625 3. 16406E-05 0.0001 0.000244 141 0.00050625 0.00093789 1
42 3.21368E·07 5. 14 189E-06 2.60308E-05 8.22702£-05 0 ,000200855 0.0004 1649) 0.00077 1605
44 2.66802&<)7 " 26S83E~ 2.161 1E-05 6.83013E..()s 0.000 16675 1 O.lXN)J45776 0.0006.j()592
46 2.23341 E-07 3.573~E-% I.80906E~5 5.71753E-05 0.000139588 0.(XX1289-1S 0.000536242
48 1.8838E-07 3.0 1408E-06 1.52588E-05 4 . 8225 3 E~5 0.000117738 0 .OOOH-H4J 0.000.52301
50 0.000000 16 0.00000256 0.0000 1296 0.0000.096 0.0001 0.00020736 0 .0003841 6
52 1.36769E-07 2. 1883E-% 1. 1 0783E~5 3.50 1 28E~5 8.5 . 80. E~5 0 .000 177251 0.000328382
54 1.1 7605E-07 1.88 168E-% 9.52599&<)6 3.01068E~5 7.3 503E-05 0.0001524 16 0.000282369
56 1.0 1683£.07 L62693 E~ 82363IE-% 2 .60308E~5 6 355 18E~5 0.00013 1781 0 .000244141
58 8.83666E-08 1.41 387E-06 7 15769E-06 2 . 26218£~5 5.5229 1£-05 0.0001 14523 0.000212 168
60 7.7 1605£·08 1.23457E-06 0.00000625 1.9753 1E-05 4 .82253E..()5 0.000 1 0 .000185262
62 6.76758E-08 1.0828 I E..()6 5.48174E-06 1.7325E~5 4.22974E"()5 8.77078E~5 0.00016249
64 5 .960~E~8 9.5367 .E~7 • .82798E-% 1.52588E-05 3.72529 E~5 7.72476E-05 0 .000 143 111
66 5 . 270 1 7E~8 8A3226E..o7 426883E-06 l.3 "", 916E~5 329385E-05 6.83013E-05 0 .000 12653 7
68 4 .67697E-08 7.483 15E..()7 3.78834E-06 1.I97 3E-05 2.923 IE-05 6 .06 1 35E~5 0.000 112294
70 4.16493E-08 6.66389E-07 3.37359 E-06 1.06622E-05 2.60308£-05 5.39775£.05 0.000 1
72 3. 72109E~8 5.95374E-07 3.0 1.08E-% 9.52599E-% 2.32 568E~5 4 . 82 253 E~5 8 . 93433E~5
74 3.33483E-08 5.33572E~7 2.70121E-06 8.53715E-% 2 .08.27 E~5 • .32 1 93E~5 8 .00692E~5
76 2.9974 1E-08 • 79585E~7 24279E-06 7.67336E-06 1.87338E-05 3.88~E~5 1. 19617E"{)5
78 2.70 16E-08 4.3 2257E-07 2. 1883E-06 6 .916IE-06 1.6885E-05 3.30 128E-05 6 A8655E-05
80 2A41 41E-08 3.90625E~7 1.97754E-06 0 .00000625 1.52588E-05 3. I 6406E~5 5.86 182E-05
82 2.2 1179E-08 3.53887E-07 1.79155E~ 5.66219E-06 1.38237E-05 2.86648E~ 5 5.3 1052E..o5
84 2 .oo855E~8 3 .21368E-07 1.6269 3E~ 5.14189E-06 1 2553.E~5 2.60308E~5 4.82253E-05
86 1.8281 3E-08 2925E-07 1.48078E-06 • .68E~ I 14258E-05 2.36925E"{)5 4 38933E-05
321
88 1.6675IE..o& 2.66802E..()7 1.35069E-06 -',26883E-06 I.O-l22E-05 2. 16 11£..05 " .0037E-05
90 1.52416E..()8 2A3865E-07 1.23457£-06 3.90184E-06 9.S2S99E-06 1.9753 1E-05 3.6595E-05
92 l.39S88E-08 2.2JJ'IE-07 I.IJ066E-06 3.57H6E-06 8. 72426E-06 I. 80906E-OS J .JS ISIE-05
94 1. 28082E-08 2.049JIE-07 IOJ747E-06 J.2789E-06 8.00SIlE-06 1.6S994E-05 J.07525E-05
96 1. 17738E-08 1.88J8E-07 9.53674E-07 J 01408E-06 7.3S86E-06 1.52588E-05 2.82688E-05
98 I . O~17E-08 1.73467E-07 87817-1£-07 2.1754-6E-06 6.77(,()4E-06 J.40508E-OS 2.60J08E-05
100 0.00000001 0.00000016 0 .00000081 0 .00000256 000000625 0.0000 1296 0.0000240 1
102 9.238-15E-09 1.47815E-07 7A831SE.{)7 2.36504E.()6 5.77.J03E.()6 1.I973E-05 2.21815E-05
104 8.54804E.Q9 U6769E-07 6 .92J9IE-07 2.188JE-06 5.J425J E-06 1.I078JE-05 2.052J8E-05
106 7.9209' E.Q9 1.267J5E-07 6.4 I596E-07 2.02776E·()6 4.95059E-06 1.02655E-05 1.90182E-05
108 7.350J E-09 1.1 7605E'{)7 595374E-07 1.88168E-06 4. 5939-1E-06 9.52599E-06 1.76481E-05
11 0 6.830I3E-09 1.09282E-07 5.5324 I E ..()7 1.74851E-06 ·U6883E-06 8.85185E-06 1.63992£..05
11 2 6 .3 5518E-09 1.0161:(1E-07 51477E-()7 1.62693E-06 3.97 199E-06 8.2363IE-06 I . 52588E"()5
114 5.9208&09 9A7328E-OS " .79585E..o7 1.51573E-06 3.7005E-06 7.67336E-06 IA1158E..(),5
11 6 5.52291E-09 8 .8J666E-08 H7J56E-07 141l87E-06 3.45 I82E-06 7. 15769E-06 U2605E-05
11 8 5. 15789E-09 8.2l262E-08 U7789E-07 U2042E-06 J .22J68E-06 6 .68462E-06 1.11841E-05
120 .J 82253E-09 7.7 1605E-08 J .90625E.07 1.23457E-06 J .01 408E-06 0.00000625 1.1 5789E-05
122 ·U1399E.o9 7.2223 9E.o8 3.65633E-07 I. 15558E-06 2.82124E-06 5.85013E-06 1.0838IE-O.5
124 4.22974E.(J9 6.76758E-08 342609E.o7 1,0828 1E-06 2.64358E..()6 5.48 174E-06 1.01S56E..{)5
126 3.96751E"()9 6.H80IE-08 J .21 368E.()7 101568E-06 2.47969E-06 5. 14 189E-06 9 .52599E-06
128 J .72529E-09 5.96046E-08 3.01749E-07 9.lJ 674E-07 2.32S3 1E-06 U279SE-06 8 .94442E-06
130 J .50 128E-09 5.60204E-08 2.8J604E-07 S.96J27E-07 2. 18SJE.Q6 4.5J 766E-06 8 .40657E-06
132 3.29385E-09 5.27017E-08 2.66802E-07 843226E-07 20S866E-06 ,", ,26883E..()6 7.90854E-06
134 3. 10 156E-09 4.9625E-08 2,5J227E"()7 7.94E-07 1.93848E.{)6 " .OI963E-06 7.44686E-06
136 2.9231E-09 " .67697E-08 2.3677 1E..01 7483 15E-07 1.82694E-06 3.78834E.{)6 7.01837E-06
138 2.757JE-09 4.41 168E-08 2.2JJ'IE-07 7.05868E-07 I.721JIE-06 J .57J 46E-06 6 .62027E-06
140 2.60JOSE-09 4.llH93E-08 2.108lE-07 6 .66J 89E.07 1.6269JE-06 J.J7J59E-06 0 .00000625
142 24595E-09 J .9352E-08 1. 99219E-07 6 .29632E-07 1.5J719E-06 J .1875IE-06 5.90526E-06
144 2.32568E-09 3.72 109E-08 1.8838E...(}7 595374E-07 1.45355E-06 3.01408E-06 5.583%E-06
148 2 . 0~27E-09 3.)3483E-08 1.68826E.()7 5.3 3572E.o7 1.30267E4)6 2.7012IE-06 5.00412E-06
150 19753 1E-09 J 16049E-08 0.000000 16 5.05679E-07 1.2Jt57E-06 0 .00000256 " .74272E..{)6
152 1.81JJ8E-09 299741E-08 1.51744E-07 4.79585E.07 1.17086E-06 2.'279E-06 4..J9798E..()6
154 1. 77794E-09 28·U7E-08 U.4013E-07 4.55 153E-07 1.11 12IE..()6 2.J042IE-06 4.2688J E-06
156 16885E-09 2.7016E-08 1.J6769E-07 4.32257E-07 L055JIE-06 2.188J E-06 4.05409E-06
158 1.60-'62E-09 2567J 9E-08 1299HE-07 4. 10782E"()7 I.OO289E-06 2.07958E-06 J .8l269E-06
160 1.52588E.Q9 2.44 '4 IE..()8 12J596E-07 3.90625E"()7 9.53674E..()7 1. 97754E-06 J.66J64E-06
162 1.45191E"()9 2.J2J06E-08 I. I 760SE-07 3.71689E'{)7 907-444E-07 1.88168E.Q6 3.48604E-06
164 ' .38237E"()9 2.21 I 79E.()8 I. I 1972E-07 3. 53887E-07 8 .6J982E-07 1.79 155E-06 3. J I907E-06
166 1.31695E-09 2. I0711E-08 1.06673E-07 3.3 7138E-07 82J09 IE-07 1.70676E-06 3. 16199E-06
322
168 1.255HE..()9 2.00855E-08 1.0 1683E"{)7 3.21368E-07 7 .8459E.o7 1.62693E..()6 J.O I408E-06
170 1. 1973E..()9 1.91569E-08 9.698 16E.()8 3.065 IE.()7 7.483 15£ ...07 1. 5's 171E..()6 2.87473E.()6
172 1.I~ 258E.()9 1,81813E.()8 9 . 1~89E.()8 1.925E'()7 7. 14 11 1E.()7 1,48078E.()6 1 .7433JE.()6
174 1,0'J095E'()9 1.74551E.()8 8.83666E'()8 2.79282E.()7 6.8184IE.()7 1 ~1387E.()6 161936E.()6
176 1.0-'22E-09 1.6615 IE-08 8.44 179£-08 2.66802Em 6 .5 1372E-07 1.35069E.()6 25023IE.()6
178 9.96139£- 10 1.59382E-08 806873E-08 2.53012E-07 6.22587E-07 1.29 I E..()6 2.39173E..(}6
180 9.525I)<)E- 1O 1.S2416E-08 771605E-08 243865E-07 59537-lE"()7 I 23..t57E..06 228719E.()6
182 9. 11411£·10 1,~ 5826E'()8 7.38243E"()8 2.3332 IE'()7 5.69632E'()7 I.I SIl9E.()6 2.IS83E.()6
184 8.72426E-10 1.J9588E.()8 7.06665E'()8 1.23WE'()7 5.45166E.()7 1.13066E.()6 2.0947E.()6
186 8.35503E-1O 1.33681E'()8 6.76758E'()8 2. 13889E.()7 52219E'()7 108281E.()6 2.00604E.()6
188 8.005 13E-1 0 1,280S2E'()S 6.484 16E-08 2.0493 1E-07 5.0032 1E..{)7 1.0374 7£-06 1.92203E-06
190 7.67336E-1O 1.22774E-08 6.2L542E-08 1,9(H38E-07 4.79585E..()7 9.94468E-07 1.84237E..()6
192 7.3586E- 1O I. 17738E-08 5.96046E-08 18838£-07 '* 59912£-07 953674E..Q7 I.7668E.()6
194 7.0598IE- 1O I. 12957E-08 5.7 IS45E..Q8 1. 8073 1E-07 4.4 1238E-07 9. 14952E.()7 1,69506E.()6
196 6.7760.4E -1O 1,08417E'()8 5. 48859E'()8 1,73467E.()7 4.13501E.()7 8.78174E.()7 1,61693E.()6
198 6 .50638E- 10 1,04101E.()8 5.27017E'()8 1.66563&07 4.06649E.()7 8.43226E'()7 1.56118E.()6
200 6.15E-1O 0.00000001 5.0625E-08 0.00000016 3.90625E"()7 0 .00000081 I.S0063E-06

4(c )3(t_C)
=L
p
The probability of E4 is P(E6) I 4 I , where pis
i=j t
the number of distinct symbols of the machine and ci are the
distributions ofthe p symbols on a reeL For applying this formula,
results of the previous section 1.3_

2c j c2 [2(cj / + 3c j c2 +2(C2)2]
The probability of Es is peEs) = -----"~---,-----------=-
(4
where t is the number of stops of a reel and c j and c2 are the

distributions of the two symbols on a reeL This formula returns the
following tables of values, each one for one fixed value of c from 1 j
to 7.
323
Tables of values for the probability ofany combination of two specific
Table 1: c 1 = 1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.0000875 O . OOO~ 0'(,o10875 0.0023 0.00-11 875 0.0069 0.0105875
22 5.97637E-05 0.000273205 0.0007-12777 0.00157093 1 0.0028601 19 0.0047 12793 0.007231 -105
24 " 21971E-05 0.000192901 0.00052-1-1 5 0.001109 182 O.OC)20 I 9-135 0 .003327546 0.005105855
26 3.06362E-05 0.000 1-1005 1 0 .000380764 0.00080529-1 0.00146616 0.002-115882 0.003706978
28 22777E-05 0 . 0001O~123 0.000283085 0.000598709 O . OOI0900 ~1 0.00 17%127 0.(0275601)
30 1.728-1E..Q5 7.90123E..QS 0.000214815 0.00045-132 1 0.00082716 0.00 1362963 0.OO20913S8
32 1.33514E-05 6. i0352E-OS 0 .000165939 0 .000350952 0 .000638962 0.001052856 0 ,0016 15524
34 1.0-1-764E-05 4.7892IE..()5 0.000 1)0207 0.00027538 0.000501)71 0.000826 14 0.001267645
36 8.335HE-06 3.8 10)9E-OS 0.000103595 0.000219098 0.000398901 0.OOO6S7293 0.001008564
38 6.7 141 9E-06 3.0693-1E"()) 8.3~78E-05 0.000 176487 0.000321322 0.000529-162 0.0008 12417
40 5..46875E-06 0 .000025 6.7%88E-05 0.000 1437S 0.00026 171 9 0.00M3 12S 0.00066 1719
42 -IA9915E-06 2.05676E-05 5.59181E-05 0.000 118263 0.0002153 17 0.00035-*19 0 .000544398
44 373523E..()6 1.7075 3 E~,5 4 . 64236E~5 9.8 1832E..(),5 0.000 178757 0.00029455 0.000451%3
46 3. 12678E.06 IA2938E~5 3 . 886 14 E~5 8.2 1895E-05 0.000149639 0.000246569 0.00037834
48 2.63732E-06 1.20563E-05 3. 2778IE-OS 6.932)9E-OS 0.000 1262 1S 0.000207972 0.0003 19116
50 O .OOOOO22~ O.OOOOlOH 000002784 0.OOOOS888 0.0001072 0 . 000 1 7~ 0 .0002710~
52 1.91476E~ 875319E-06 2.37977E-OS 5.03309E-05 9. 163SE-05 0.000 150993 0.000231686
54 1.64647E..()6 7,5267IE..()6 2N632E-OS 4.32786E-05 7 . 879S2E~5 0.000 129836 0.000 199222
56 IA2356E.06 6 5077 I E..()6 1,76928E-05 3 . 7~ 1 93E-05 6.8 127,5E-05 0.0001 12258 0.000 172251
58 1.237 1 3 E~ 565546E-06 1.53758E'()5 3.25 189E-05 5.92056E-05 9. 75567E-05 0 . 000 1~ 9693
60 1.0802SE-06 4.93827E-06 1.34259E-05 2.839S IE-OS 5. 16975E-05 8.51832E-05 0.00013071
62 9A7461E.()7 ~ .3 3 1 2SE-06 1.1 7756E-05 2.49047E-05 4.S3 428E-05 7.47 141 E-05 0.000 1l~ M3
64 8.34465E-07 3.8 147E-06 1.03712E-05 2. 1 93 ~ SE-OS 3.99351E-05 65803SE-05 0.00010097
66 7 . 37823E~7 3.3729IE-06 9. 17009E-06 i.93942E..()S 3.5310 1E-05 5.8 1826E-05 8.92766E-05
68 6 . 54 775E~7 2.99326E-06 8. 13792E-06 1.721 12E-05 3.13357E-05 5. 16337E-05 7.92278E-05
70 5.8309E-07 2.66SS6E-06 7.2";98E-06 1 .53269E~5 2.7W5E-05 4.S9808E-05 7.05539E-05
72 5.209S2E-07 2.J8 1SE-06 6A7,,;9E-06 1.36936E-05 H9313E-OS 4.10808E-OS 6.303S2E-OS
74 4.66876E-07 2. 13429E-06 5.8026E-06 1.22722E-()5 2.23433E-05 3.6816SE-OS 5.64919E-05
76 4 . 19637E~7 1.91834E-06 5.2 1549E-06 1 . 10305E~S 2.00826E-OS 3.309 14E-OS S.0776 I E~5
78 3 . 782HE~7 1.72903E-06 4.70079E-06 9.94 19E-06 1,8 1007E-05 2 . 98257E~5 4.57652E-05
80 3A1797E~7 1.5625E-06 4.24805E-06 8.98438E-06 1.63574E-05 2.6953 1E-05 4.13574E-05
82 3.09651E-07 1.41555E-06 3.84852E-06 8.1394E-06 I A 8 1 9E~5 2.4 41 82E~5 3 . 74678E~5
84 2 . 8 11 97E~7 I 28547E-06 3.49488E-06 7.39147E-06 1.34573E-05 2 , 21744E~5 3.40249E-05
324
86 2.5.5938E~7 ) 1 7E~ ) . 1809~E-06 6 .1275E-06 1.2Z484E-O.5 201825E-OS 3.09685E-05
88 2.33452E.Q7 1.0072IE-06 2.90147E-06 6 ,1364S E'()6 1.11 723E-05 1.8409)E-05 2.82477E-05
90 2. 13382E-07 975-16IE-07 2.65203E-06 5.6089E-06 1.02119E-05 1.68267E'{)S 2.58 192E-05
92 1.9s.l23E-07 893364E-07 2 "2883E-06 5 13685E-06 9.35H1E-06 1 5"105E-05 2.36462E-05
94 1.793 15E-07 8. 19726E-07 2.22863E-06 4.7J342E..()6 8.5815E-06 1.4 1403E-05 2.1697 1E-05
96 1.6483 3£-07 7.5352E-07 2.04863E-06 4.33274E..Q6 7.88842E-06 1.29982E-05 1.99.... 7E..()5
98 1.51 78 3E-07 69) 866£-07 188645£..06 3 98973E-06 7.2639 1E.()6 I 19692E-05 183658E-05
100 0 .000000 14 0.()0()0()()64 0 .00000 174 0.00000368 0.0000067 0.00001 104 0.0000 1694
102 1.2933 8E-07 5.9126 1E-07 1.607"9E-06 3.39975E-06 6. 18976E-06 1.01993E-05 U6I99E-05
104 1.1 9673E-07 5A7075E.Q7 I -I8736E-06 3 1"568E-06 5.72719E-06 9.43704E-06 1 ""SWE-05
106 L1 0893E..()7 5.()694E-07 1.37824£-06 2.9' ''9E-06 5.30703E..Q6 8.7447 1E-06 1.34181E-05
108 I .02904E.{)7 " .7{M19E"()7 1.27895E-06 2.7049 IE-06 4.9247E-06 8. 11473E-06 1.24514E-05
110 9.56219E-08 .,j..37129E-07 I . 18844E-06 2.51349E-06 4.,57619E..()6 7.5404 7E-06 1. 15702E-05
112 8.89725E-08 4.06732E-07 1.I 058E-06 2.3387IE-06 4.25797E-06 7.016 12E-06 1,07657E-05
114 8.28912E-08 3.7891 1E-07 1.03022E-06 2. 17886E-06 3. 96694E-06 6.53657E-06 1.00298E-05
116 7.73208E-08 3.53466E"{)7 9 60987£-07 2.03243E-06 3.70035E-06 6.09729E-06 9.3558 IE-06
118 7.221O--lE"{)S 3.30 105E..()7 897--l73E..()7 I.S98 IE-06 3.45579E-06 5.6943IE-06 IU3746E-06
120 6.75154E-OS 3.08642E"()7 8.39 12E"()7 1.77469E'()6 3.23 1IE..06 5.32407E-06 S.16937E..Q6
122 6.31959E-08 2.88895E-07 7.8543..$E-07 166115E-06 3.02437E-06 ... .983-1 5E-06 7.M67E-06
124 5.92 163E.()8 270703E-07 7.3 597" E-07 155654E-06 2.83392E-06 " 66963E-06 7.165I7E-06
126 5.5S.5 1E-08 2.5392IE"()7 6.90346E-07 1.46OO4E-06 2.65823E-06 4 . 3 801 3 E~ 6.n096E-06
128 5.215-1 IE-OS 2 38419E..()7 64820 1E..()7 1.37091E-06 2.49594E-OG 4.11272E-06 6.31064E-06
130 --l . 90 1 79E~ 2 24082E-07 6.09222E-07 I 28847E-06 2.34586E-06 3 8654IE-06 593116E-06
132 4.61 139E-08 2. 10807E-07 5.7313 IE.()7 1. 212 14E-06 2.20688E-06 3 . 636--lI E~ 5.57979E-06
134 "-342 19E-08 1.985E-07 5.39672E"()7 i .14138E-06 2.07805E-06 3.424I3E-06 5.2S.05E-06
136 -I.09235E-08 1.87079E-07 5 0862E-07 1 0757E-06 1.958"8E-06 3 2271IE-06 495174E-06
138 3.86022E..(lS 1. 76467E-07 4.7977E..Q7 1.01469E-06 1.84739E..()(j 3. 0~06E..()6 4.67086E-06
140 3.6443IE"()8 1.66597E.()7 ·U2936E-07 9.57934E..()7 1.74406E-06 2.8738E-06 4.40962E-06
142 3 4433E"()S 1.57408E-07 ·U7953E-07 905096E-07 1 64786E-06 2 71529E-06 4 .16639E.()6
144 3.25595E-08 1.488""*4£..07 4.04668E'{)7 8.5585E-07 U5821E-06 2.56755E-06 3.9397E-06
148 2.91797E"()8 1.33393E-07 3.62662£-07 7.670 1E'()7 1.39646E-06 2.30 103E-06 3.53075E-06
150 2.76543E-08 1 2642E-07 3.43104E-07 7.2691 4E"()7 1.32346E-06 2.18074E-06 3.34617E-06
152 2.62273E..(}8 I. I 9896E..()7 3.25968E-07 6.89403E..()7 1. 25516E-06 2.0682 IE-06 3.1735E..Q6
154 2.489 12E-08 1.13788E..()7 3.09362E-07 6. 54282E-07 1.19122E-06 1.96285E-06 3.0 1183E-06
156 2.3639£-08 1.0806-lE-07 2 93799E-07 621369E-07 1.1313E-06 1.~IIE-06 2.86032E-06
158 2.2"647£-08 1.02696E-07 279204E-07 590499E-07 1.07509E-06 1.77 I 5E-06 2.71822E-06
160 2. 13623E-OS 9.16563E-08 2.65503E-07 5.6 I 523E..(}7 1.02234E-06 1.6S457E . 06 2.58484E...()6
162 2.03268E'{)& 92922 3E-O& 2.52632E-07 5.3..$303E-07 9.727&E-07 i.6029IE-06 2.H954E.{)6
164 1.93532E-08 8.847 17£-08 2 ' 0533E-07 508713E-07 9261&9E..()7 1.52614E-06 2.HI74E-06
325
166 1.84372E-08 8.42845E-08 2.29 148E-07 4.84636E-07 8.82353E-07 lA539 1 E~ 2.2309E-06
168 1.757.8E-08 8.0342E-08 2. 1843E-07 .61%7E-07 8.41081E-07 1.3859E-06 2.12655E-06
170 L67623E..()S 76627.E-08 2.0833 1E-07 .40608E-07 8.02 193E-07 1.32 182E-06 2.02823E-06
172 1 5996 1E-08 7.3 12.5IE-08 J 98809E-07 ~ 20~69E-07 7.65528E-07 1.26 14 IE-06 1.93553E-06
174 152732E-08 6 .98205E-08 1.89824£.07 ·1.0 1468E-07 7.)0933E-07 I.2W4E-06 1.84806E-06
176 1.45907E..o8 6.67oo5E-08 1.8 1342E-07 3.83528E-07 6.9827 1E..07 I. 15058E-06 1.76548E-Q6
178 1 39.59E-08 6 37529E-08 1. 73328E-07 3.66579E-07 667413E-07 1.0997. E-06 1.68746E-06
180 1.33364E-08 6.0%63E-08 1 65752E-07 3.50556E-07 6.38241 E-07 1.05 167E-06 1.6137E-06
182 1.27598E-08 58] )03E-08 1.58586E-07 3.35399E-07 6. 10646£.07 1.0062E-06 L54393E-06
184 1.221-4E418 558353£-08 1.5 1802E-07 3.21053E-07 5.84526E-07 9.63159E-07 1..17789&06
186 1.1697E"()8 5.34722E-08 I A5378E~7 3.07.65E-07 5.59787E-07 9.22396E..()7 1.4153.E-06
188 I 12072E-08 5.12329E-08 1.39289E-07 2.9-4589E-07 5.36)44E.()7 8.83767E-07 1.35607E-06
190 1.07417E-08 ~ 91095E-08 1.335 16E-07 2.8238E-07 5.14 115E-07 8.47 139E-07 1.29987E-06
192 1.0302E-08 4.7095E-08 1.2804E-07 2.70796E-07 4.93026E"()7 8. 12389E-07 1.24655E-06
194 9.883HE-Q9 ·UI828E-Q8 1.228"'IE-07 2.5980 I E-07 4.73007E-07 7.7940]E-07 1.19593E-06
196 9 .• 8645E-09 U3666E-08 1.1 7903E-07 2.... 9358E-07 4.5399"'E-07 7.48074E-07 1.I.786E-06
198 9.10893E-09 • . 16408E-08 1.1 3211 E-07 2.39.35E-07 4.35927E-07 7. 1830.E-07 1.I0218E-06
200 8.7 5E-09 0.0000000< 1.0875E-07 0.00000023 -I . l S75E-07 0.00000069 1.05875E-06
Table 2: c1 = 2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0000< 00014 0003 3 0.006' 0.01 1 0.017'" 0.0259
22 0.000273205 0.000956219 00022539-1 ... 0.00-'371286 0.007513148 0.01 188-1"'34 0.0 176900-18
24 0000192901 0000675 154 0.00159 1"'35 0.003086"'2 0.00530-'1S'" 0.00839 120-1 0.0 12-'90355
26 0.0001.JOO51 0.000"'90179 0.00 11 55"'22 0.0022-'0818 0.00385 1406 0.006092224 0.00906831
28 0.000104123 0.000364.31 0.0008590 17 0.00 1665973 0.00286339 0.004529363 0.006741983
30 7.9012]E-05 0.0002765"'] 0.000651852 0.00 1264 198 0.0021728-1 0.003.37037 0.0051160.9
32 6.10352E-05 0.000213623 0.0005035-1 0.000976563 0.<)0 1678467 0.002655029 0.003952026
34 .... 7892IE-OS 0.00()J 67623 0.00039511 OJ)()()76627'" 0.001311034 OJ)02083308 0.003101017
36 ] .81039E-OS 0.0001 3336-1 0.00031"'358 0.000609663 0.OO lQ..l.7859 0.001657522 0.00246723 1
38 3.()693--1E-OS 0.000107"'27 0.000253221 0.000491095 0.0008..07 0.001335165 0.00 19874
40 0.000025 0.0000875 000020625 0.000-1 0.0006875 0.0010875 0.00 161875
42 2.05676E-05 7. 19865E-05 0000 169682 0.000329081 0.000565608 0.000894-689 0.00133175
44 1.7075] E-05 597637E-05 0.000140872 0.000273205 0.000-169572 0.0007.$2777 0.001105628
46 1.$1938E-05 5.0028.$E-05 0.000 117924 0.000228701 0.00039308 0.00062 1782 0.000925526
48 1.20563E-05 ".21971E-05 9.946.7E-05 0.000 192901 0.000331549 0.000524"'5 0.000780647
50 0.00001024 00000358... 0.00008448 0.0001638-1 0.0002816 0.000"'45.$4 0.00066304
326
52 8.75319E-06 H16362E-05 7,22139E-OS 0.000 I.fOOS I O.OOO2,w7IJ O_0CXl3807~ 0000566769
54 7.5267 1E-06 2.63435E<l5 6.20953E<l5 0.000 120427 0.000206984 0.00032W 2 0.000487354
56 6.5077 IE-06 2.2777E<l5 5.36886E<l5 0.0001041 23 0.000178%2 0.000283085 0.000421374
58 5.65546E-06 1.97941E<l5 4.66576E<l5 9N874E<l5 0.000155525 0.000246013 0.000366191
60 4.93827E-06 1. 7284E-05 4.07407E-OS 7.90123E-05 0000135802 000021-1815 00003 19753
62 4.33125E-06 1. 5 1594E-05 3.57328E-05 6.93E-05 0 ,0001 19 109 0 ,000188409 0.00028044 8
64 3.81-17E-06 1.3351-1£-05 3.14713E-05 6. 10352E-05 0.00010-'904 0.000165939 OOOOH7002
66 3.3729 IE-06 1.I 8052E-05 2.78265E-05 5.3%65E<l5 927549E<l5 000014672 1 0.0002 183%
68 2.99326E<l6 1.04764£-05 2..169-14£-05 4.7892IE<l5 8.231 46E<l5 0'(lOO 130207 0.0001938 14
70 2.66556E-06 9.32945E-06 2.19908E-05 4.26489E<l5 7.33028E<lj 0.0001 15952 0.000172595
72 2.38 15E-06 8.335HE-06 1.96473E-05 3.81039E-05 654912£-05 0000103595 OOOOI~202
74 2. 13-129E-06 7.4700 I E-06 1.76079E-OS 3.4 1486E"()S 5,86929E-05 9.28415E-05 0.000 138 195
76 1.9183-1E-06 6.71419E-06 1.58263E<l5 3.0693..j.E-05 5.27544E-05 8.34478E<l5 0.0001242 13
78 1.72903E-06 6.05 159E-06 I U6-15E-05 2.76(H-lE-05 .\.75482E<l5 752 126E<l5 000011195.\
80 1.5625E-06 5.46875 £-06 1.28906E..()5 0.000025 4.29688E·05 6.79688E<l5 0.000101172
82 ,..I 1555E..Q6 -I .9S·U2E-06 1. 16783E-OS 2.26.\88E<l5 3.89276E-05 6. 15763E-OS 9.J6567E-05
84 J.285-1.7E-06 449915E..()6 l.06OSIE<l5 20.5676E-05 3.53505E<l5 559181E-05 8.323.... E<l5
86 1.I 7E.()6 -I. .095E-06 9.6525 I E-06 I .M72E-05 3.2175E-05 5.0895E-05 7 . 57576E~5
88 1.06721E..()6 3.73523E..Q6 8.80·U 7E-06 1.7075)E-05 2.93-182E-05 4.64236E"{)S 6.91018E-05
90 97546IE..()7 3.o41 -l- IIE..Q6 8 !J.I755E-06 1.56074E-05 2.68252E-O; -I.24326E-05 6.31611E-05
92 8.93364E-07 3.12678E-06 7.37026E-06 1.42938E-05 2.o45675E-05 3.886I.\ E<l5 5.78453E-05
94 8. 19726E-07 2.869O.\E<l6 6.76274E..Q6 1.3 II 56E<l5 2.25'\25E<l5 3.5658 1E-05 5.30772E-05
96 7_5352E.()7 2.63732E-06 6.2165-l-E-()6 1.20563E.(); 2.07218E'{)5 3.2778IE-05 4.879O-lE-OS
98 6.93866E<l7 2.42853E-06 5.7244E.Q6 I.I IO JlJE'{)S 1.90813E'{)S 3.0 1832E'{)5 -l-.49278E-05
100 0.0000006.\ 0.00000224 0.00000528 0.()000102-1 0.0000 176 0.0000278-l- 0.0000-1. 144
102 59126IE·()7 2.06941 E-06 .\.8779E<l6 9.460 18E-06 l.62597E<l5 2.57199&05 3.82842E<l5
104 l..\7075E<l7 1. 91-176E-06 ·U1337E..Q6 8.75319E-06 1.50-l46E-05 2.37977iUl5 3.5423 1E-05
106 5.0694 E-<n 1.77429E..()6 4. 18225E-06 8. 11 104E..Q6 1,39408E-05 2.20519E<l5 3.28244 E-05
108 -I70419E-07 1_64647E-06 3.88096E-06 7.5267 I E-06 1.29365E"()5 2.04632E-05 3.0-l 596E-05
11 0 -I 37 129E-07 1.52995E-06 3.60631E-06 6.99.406E-06 1.202 1E-05 1.90 151E-05 2.830-11E-05
11 2 4.06732E-07 1.-12356E-06 3.3555-l-E..Q6 6.5077 1£-06 1.1185 I E-05 1.76928E-05 2.63359E<l5
114 3 78911E<l7 I.32626E-06 3. J2618E-06 6.0629E-06 1.04206E-05 l.64835E<l5 HS358E<l5
11 6 3.53.\66E<l7 l.23713E-06 2.916IE<l6 5.65546E-06 9.72032E-06 l.53758E<l5 2.28869E<l5
11 8 3.30 105E-07 1.1 5537E-06 2.72337E-06 5. 28 168 E-06 9.0778I:1E-06 1.43596E-05 2. 13743E-05
120 3_08642E-07 1.08025E-06 2.5463E-06 4.93827E-06 8.4876SE..()6 1.34259E-05 1.99846E-05
122 288895E-07 101l13E..()6 2.38339E-06 4.62233E-06 7.94-162E-06 1.2567E-OS 1_8706E-05
124 2.70703E-07 9.4 746 1E-07 2.2333E-06 4.33 12.5E-06 7.-'443-1 E-06 1.17756E-05 l.7528E<l5
126 2.5392IE-07 8.88722E<l7 2.09484E-06 4.06273E-06 6.9828IE-06 1. 10455E-05 1.644 14E-05
128 2_38419E-07 8J4.ui5E-07 1.96695E-06 3.8147E-06 65.565IE-06 1.03712£...05 1.54376£-05
327
130 2.24082E..()7 7.8-'286E..Q7 L8-l-867E.()6 3.5853IE-06 6.1622SE-06 9. 74756E-06 1.45093E-05
132 2. I Q807E'()7 7.37823E-07 1.73915E-06 3.3729IE-06 .5 797 18E-06 9. 17009E-06 1.36497E"()5
134 L985E"()7 6.9-'75E-07 163763E-06 3. 176E-06 5.45875E-06 8.63-' 76E-06 1.28529E-05
136 1 87079E.()7 6.54775E..()7 1.54HE-06 2.99326E-06 5. I 4466E-06 8.I3792E.()(; 1.211 33E"()5
138 1.76467E.()7 6.17635E.()7 IA5585E-06 282347E-06 4.85284E.()(; 7.67632E'()(; 1.14262E'()5
140 1 66597E.()7 5.8309E.o7 1.37"43E-06 2.66556E-06 4.58142E'()(; 7.24698E'()(; I07872E'()5
142 1.57"08E-07 5.50928E..()7 1.29862E-06 2.51853E-06 .1.32872E-06 6.8472"E-06 1.01922E-05
144 1.488 .... E-07 5.20952E-07 1.22796E-06 2.3815E..Q6 "0932E-06 6.47469E-06 9.63762E..06
148 L33393E"()7 4.66816E'()1 1.l0049E.()6 2. 13429E.()6 3.6683IE.()6 5.8026E-06 8.6372E.()(;
150 1.2642E.()7 H2469E.()1 104296E'()(; 2.02272E'()(; 3.47654E.()6 5.49926E.()6 8. I 8568E-06
152 1.1 9896E.()7 419637E'()7 9.89 144E'()7 1.91834E-06 3.297 I 5E.()6 5.21549E-06 7.16328E'()(;
154 I 13788E-07 3.9R259E.()7 9.38752E-07 1.82061 E-06 3. 129 I 7E-06 4.94979E-06 7.36778E..{)6
156 108064E-07 3. 782HE'()7 8.91529E'()7 1.72903E-06 2.97176E-06 4 .70079E-06 6 .99715E..{)6
158 I .02696E..()7 3 .59434E-07 8.47238E-07 1.6 .. 3I3E-06 2.824I3E-06 4A6726E-06 6.tH9.54E-06
160 9.76563E.()8 3 41791E.()7 8.05664E.()7 1.5625E.()(; 2.68.5S5E-06 4.24805E.()6 6.32324E.()6
162 9.29223E.()8 3.25218E'()7 7.66609E'()7 1.48616E-06 2.55536E.()6 4.042I2E'()(; 6.01612E-06
164 8.847 I 7E'()8 30965IE.()1 7.29892E'()7 1.41555E.()6 2.43291E.()(; 3.84852E.()(; l .12855E'()(;
166 8A2845E-08 2.94996E-07 6.9.5347E-07 1.348.55E-06 2.31782E-06 3.66637E..()6 5.45742E..()6
168 !U)342E-08 2.81 197E-07 6.62822E-07 1 28547E-06 2.20941E-06 3.49488E-06 5.202 15E-06
170 7.66274E..Q8 2.68196E..Q7 6.32176E-07 1.22604E-06 2.1072.5E-06 3.33329E.()6 4.96163E-06
172 7.3125IE'()8 2.55938E..Q7 6.03282E'()7 1.17E-06 2.01094E.()6 3. 18094E.()6 4.73485E'()(;
174 6.98205E'()8 2A. B72E-07 5.76019E-07 I 117I3E.()6 1.92006E'()(; 3.031 I 9E-06 4.52088E-06
176 6.67005E-08 2.334.52E..Q7 5.50219E.()7 I 0672 I E.()6 1.83426E-06 2.90 14 7E.()6 4.31886E.()(;
178 6.37529E-08 2.23135E-07 52.596 IE-07 1.02oo5E-06 1.7532£-06 2.77325E...06 4. 128E-06
180 6.09663E-08 2. 13382E..Q7 5.02972E-07 9.75461E..Q7 1.67657E-06 2.65203E-06 3.94757E-06
182 5.83303E-08 2.04156E..()7 4.81225E.()7 9.33285E'()1 1.60408E.()6 2.53737E-06 3.77689E..()6
184 5.58353E'()8 1.95423E.()1 46Q64IE.()1 8.93364E.()7 1.53541E.()6 2.42883E-06 3.61533E.()(;
186 5.34722E"()8 1.87153E-07 4.41 146E-07 8.55555E..()7 147049E.()6 2.32604E.()6 3.46233E-06
188 5. 12329E'()8 1.793 15E-07 4.2267 1E-07 8.19726E-07 1.4089E-06 2.22863E.()6 3.31133E.()(;
190 4.91095E-08 1.7 1883E-07 4.05153E-07 7.85752E-07 1.3505IE-06 2. 13626E-06 3.17984E-06
192 47095E-08 1 64833E-07 3.88534E-07 7.53.52E-07 1.29511E-oG 2.04863E-06 3.0494E-06
194 4.51828E..Q8 15814E-07 3.72758E-07 7.22925E-07 1.24253E-06 1.96545E..()6 2.92559E-06
196 4.33666E-08 1.51 783E-07 3. 57775E ..07 6.93866E'()7 1.19258E-06 1.88645E.()6 2.80199E.()(;
198 4. I6-I08E..()8 IA5743E-07 3.43537E-07 6.66253E'()7 1.14512E-06 1.81 138E-06 2.69624E'()(;
200 0.00000004 0.00000014 0.00000033 0.00000064 0.00000 11 0.00000174 0.00000259
The rest ofthe tables (Table 3 through Table 7) can be

downloaded from www.infarom.com/SLT/16reeIA1.5.zip
328
specific symbols
The probability of E, IS P( E, ) = ( c, + c: + c, )' , where c" c"

results of section 1.1 for c = c] + c2 + C3 .

events on a payline.
1. 7 A specific symbol at least three times

. c 3 (4t-3c)
Th e pro bab I·l·Ity 0 f th·IS event IS 4
h
,were . the nurn ber
t IS
t
of stops of a reel and c is the distribution of that symbol on the reel.
This formula returns the following table of values.
Table of values for the probability of a specific symbol occurring at least

c I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I
20 0 .00048125 0.0037 0.0 1198115 0 .0272 0.05078 125 0 .0837 0,1264812 5
22 0.000362851 0 .002800355 0.009 105'23 0 .020763609 0.038953 II 1 O.0&I54·nn 0.098 102076
24 0 .00028031 0.002170139 0 .007080078 00 1620370. 0.030517578 005078125 O.077S372 ~
26 0.0002210 18 0.0017 15626 0 .0056 12986 0012884703 0.024344823 0 . ~9837 0.062298677
28 0.0001773)5 0,00)379633 0.004 524482 0 .0104 12328 0 .01 972648 1 0.033033 111 0.05078 125
30 0.000 "4-1-14 0 .001125926 0 .0037 0.008533333 0 .0 16203 70. 0.0272 0 .04 1922222
32 0.000119209 0.000930786 0.003064 156 0 .007080078 0.0 13'7065 0 .022659302 0 .03lOOO80 1
34 9.95259E-05 0.0007782'7 0.002565971 0,005938626 0.011318261 0.0 190730"'7 0.0295 17277
36 8.)9478E-OS 0 .000657293 0.002 170139 0 .00502972 1 0 .009600409 0.0 1620370. 0 .025 118241
38 7. 14582E-OS 0.000560 155 0.00 1851678 0 .004297082 0.0082 12894 0 .0 1388 1109 0,02 1549194
40 6 . 13281£ ..05 O.~8125 0.00 1592578 0.0037 0.007080078 0.0 1198 125 0.018623828
42 5.30257E-05 0 .000416493 0 .001379633 0.0032085' 0.006 146 166 0.01041 2328 0.016203704
44 HI568E-05 0.000362851 0.00 12030 II 0 .002800355 0.005369393 0009 105423 O . O I41~5 35
46 -l-.04247E"()5 0 .0003 18038 0 .00 1055287 0 .002' 58539 0 .00'71808 1 0 .008008 119 0 .0 IH86778
48 3.l6038E-05 O.OOO2M03 1 0.OOO9307M6 0.0021 70 139 0.0041 6791 0 .007080078 0.0 11 049059
329
50 0.00003152 0.00024832 0.00082512 0.00 1925 12 0.00)7 0.00628992 0.00982352
52 2.80376E-05 0.0002210 18 0.000734858 0001715626 O.OO)2995~ 0.0056 12986 0.008772479
54 2.5()j98E~5 0.000 197576 0.000657293 0.00 15 35 ~48 0.00295~82 0.005029721 0.007865995
56 2.2-t719E-05 0000177335 0.000590269 0001379633 0.00265M66 0.~524 ~ 82 0.007080078
58 2.023 59E-05 0,000159767 0.000532055 0.00 124420 1 DJXl23%9-t3 O.()()40S-4657 0.006395354
60 1 8287E-05 OOOOl 44H4 O.()()O.I8 125 0,001125926 0.002170139 0.0037 0005796065
62 1.65806E-05 0.000 13102 o()()()43671Z 0.00 1022 175 0.00 197\057 0.003362 133 0.0052693()j
64 l.508E~5 0.0001 19209 0.000397503 0.000930786 0.00 179559 0.003064 156 0. ~80~432
66 l.37551E~5 0.000108776 000036285 1 0.000849972 0.00 1M0339 0.002800355 0.~39263
68 1.258 1E-05 995259E-05 00003321 11 0.000778247 0.00 1502476 0.002565971 O.()().l.O26542
70 1. 15369E-05 912953E-05 O.O(X)JOH.l8 0.0007 14369 0.00 I J 79633 0 .002357018 0 .0037
72 L06051E-05 8.39478E-05 0 .0002&03 1 0.000657293 0.00 126982 1 0.002 170139 0 ,003 4078 1
74 9 . 77 I 04E~ 7.7368E-<l5 0 .000258416 0.000606 138 0,00 1171 357 0.0020024 96 0.003 145574
76 9.02219E~ 7 . 1~ 582E~5 0,0002387-1) 0.000560 155 0.001082813 0.001851678 0.002909552
78 8.3 4 795E~ 6.61353E~5 0.0002210 18 0.0005 18708 0.00100297 0.00 1715626 0.00269655 1
80 7 . 73926E~ 6.1328IE~5 0.000205005 0.00048 12 5 0.000930786 0.00 1592578 0.002503833
82 7 . 18833E~ 5.69758E-05 0.000190502 O.OOO·H7313 O.OOO8653fH 0.00 148 10 17 0.0023291:)4 1
84 6 . 688~ 7E.()6 5.30257E-05 0.000 177335 0.0004 16493 0.000&05931 0.001379633 0.002 170139
86 6 . 2339IE~ -I .9-1325E-05 0.00016535-1 0.0003884-1 0.000751817 0.001287293 0.002025363
88 5 . 8 1 962E~ ~ . 61568E~5 0.000 15H 28 0.00036285 1 0.0007024~ 0.00120301 1 0.001893178
90 5A-I1 24E-06 ".3 1642E"()S 0.0001-1-1·U4 0.00033946 0.000657293 0.00 11 25926 0.0017722-15
92 509497E-06 -I O·n-l7E-05 0000 135303 0.000318038 0 ,0006 15933 0 .00 1055287 0.00 1661393
94 -I .777-16E-06 3.79 12JE-OS 0.000 126917 0.00029838 0.000577971 0 .000990434 0 .00 1559392
96 -I -I858E..{)6 3.56038E~5 0.0001 19209 0.0002803 1 0.000543065 0.000930786 0,001465939
98 -1 .2 174E-06 3.3 4 79E~5 0000112 11-1 0.000263669 0.0005 10913 0.000875832 0.001379633
100 0.00000397 0.00003152 0.000 10557 0.00024832 0 .000~8125 0.000825 12 0.00 129997
102 3.7-11 57E-06 2.97109E-05 9.95259E"()S 0.000234139 0.000"'53839 0.000778247 0.001226322
104 3.5303-'E-06 2.80376E-05 9.393·H E-05 0.00022 10 18 0.000-128-171 0.000734858 0.00 11 58131
106 3.33-17 1E-06 2.6-1876E-05 8.875-11E.{lS 0.000208859 0 .000404958 O. 00069~634 0,00109-1903
108 3. 15 328E~ 2.5()j98E~5 8.3 9-1 78E-05 0.000 197576 0.000383134 0.000657293 0.001036 194
11 0 2.98-I77E.Q6 2.371-12E..()5 7.9-'823E-05 0.000 18709 1 0.000362851 0.00062258 0.00098 1606
11 2 2.82806E~ 2.H7 1 9E~5 7.5328E~5 0.000 177335 0.000)4) 974 0.000590269 0.000930786
11 4 2.682 12E-06 21)149E-05 7. 14582E-05 0.000 1 682 ~ 0.000326384 0.000560 155 0.0008834 13
11 6 2 . 5-1606E~ 2 . 02359E~5 6.78~ 9E~5 0.000 159767 0.000309973 0.000532055 0.000839201
11 8 2A1905E-06 1.92286E-05 6.44788E-05 0 .000 15 1848 0 .000294644 0.000505803 0.000797889
120 2.300)5E-06 1.8287E-05 6 . 13281E-05 0.000 144444 0.0002803 1 0.00048 125 0.000759245
122 2 I 8929E-06 1 . 74059E~5 5.83794E-05 0 .000 13 75 14 0 .00026689 0.00045826 0.000723056
124 2.08526E~ I 65806E~5 5.56 168E-05 0 .000 13 102 0 .000254313 0.()()()4367 12 0.00068913
126 1. 98772E~ I 58066E~5 5 . 30257E~5 0.000 124929 0 .0002425 14 0 . 000~IM93 0.000657293
330
------ ------
128 1.89617£4>6 1.508E-OS 5.0.5932E-OS 0.000 119209 0.000231 4)4 0 .000397503 0.000627387
130 LKIOI6E.(J6 1.43973E-{)5 4.8307 1E-05 0.000 113834 0.000221018 0.000379651 0.000599268
132 L72927E.(J6 1.37551E'()5 4.6 1568E'()5 0.000 108776 0.0002112 18 0.00036285 1 0.0005728().l
134 1.65313E-06 1.31506E.()5 -441 322E-05 0.000104014 0.000201989 0000347028 O.OOO5·H876
136 1.58 1-'E4}6 1.258 IE...(),5 4 .22H2E-O,5 9.95259E"(),5 0000 19329 0000332111 0 ,000524373
138 1.51376E..()6 1,20",, 39E-05 4 .04241E-05 9.52922E-05 0,000 185084 0.000318038 0.000502 195
140 1.4..a992E-06 1.1 5369E'()5 3.8726 1E.Q5 9. 12953E'{)s 0000lnJ35 0.000304748 000048125
142 1.38962E..Q6 1.I 0579E'()5 37 1212E'()5 8.75 188E.()5 0.000 1700 13 0.000292188 0.00Q.l6 1454
144 1.33261E.(J6 L0605I E.()5 3.5@38E.()5 8.39478E-05 0.000 163088 0.00028031 0.000442728
148 1.22763E.(J6 9771(}.4E..06 3.28084E-05 7.7368E-05 0.000150328 0000258416 0.00040821
150 I. I 7926E..()6 9.3 8667E.{)6 0 .00003 152 7.43J.l.8E-O,5 0 .000 14-4444 OOOOH8J2 0.00039229
152 U 3339E-06 t).U22 19E-D6 3.02982 E-05 7, 1-i582E"()5 O.()()o138864 0.0002)8743 0.000377 188
154 L08988E.(J6 8.67635E.(J6 2.91387E.()5 68728IE.()5 0.000133568 0.000229653 0.00036285 1
156 1.Q4856E.(J6 8.34795E.(J6 2.80376E-05 661353E-05 0.000128537 0.000221018 0.00030'923 1
158 L0093E.(J6 8.0J593 E-Q6 2.699 13E'()5 6.367 12E'()5 0.000123756 0.000212811 0.000336285
160 9.71985E-07 7.73926E.()6 2 5996 4E~H 6 . 1328IE-O; 0 .000 11 9209 0 .00020500; 0.00032397
162 9.J6l82E'()7 7.4570IE-06 250498E'()5 , 90986E'()5 0 .0001l.J882 0.000197576 0.000312249
164 9.02688E-07 7. 18833E-06 2.4 1486E-05 5.69758E.()' 0.000 110762 0.000 190502 0.00030 1087
166 8. 70SO I E'()7 6.9324E.(J6 2.32902E-05 5.49535E..(); 0.000 106837 0.000 18376 1 O.{)(X)29045 1
168 8.39825E'()7 668847E-06 22--'719E-05 5.30257E"(); 0.000103095 0.000177335 0.00028031
170 8. 10575E-07 6.4;;86E~ 2. 169 16E..o5 5. 11871E-05 9.95259E..()5 0000171205 0 .000270635
172 7.82667E'()7 6.2 339 IE-06 2.09469E-05 4 .94325E"(); 9.61195E"()5 0.000165354 0.0002614
174 7.56025E-07 6 .02202E-06 2.02359E'(), .t 77572E-O; 928667E'(), 0.000 159767 0.000252'8 1
176 7.30579E.()7 5.8 1962E.()6 i .95568E-05 -i .6 1568E-05 897591E-05 0 .000154428 0.000244 154
178 7.06263E-07 5.626 19E-06 1.89077E.()' 4.462 7£-05 8.67H86E'()5 0.000 149325 0.000236098
180 6.83013E'()7 5441HE-06 18287E-05 4 .3 1642E-O; 8.J9478E.()5 0.0001 ....... 0.000228392
182 6.60773E'()7 5.26l3IE.(J6 1.76932E-05 4 17645E-05 8. 12295E-O; o000 13977.t 0.0002210 18
184 6.39488E'()7 5.09497E.(J6 1.71249E'()5 4 .04247E -05 7.862"E.()5 0.000 135303 0.000213958
186 6. 19108E'()7 4.9328IE.(J6 1.65806E'()5 39 1'17E'()5 7.61l52E'()' 0.00013102 0.000207 196
188 5.99585E-07 4 77746E-06 1.6059 IE..()5 3.79 123E-05 7.37473E-05 0000126917 0.000200715
190 5.801(73E-07 4 .62857E-06 I. 55593E-05 3 .67339E-05 7. 14582E-05 0 .000 122982 0 .000194502
192 5.62933 E..()7 " "858E-06 I.508E-05 3.56038E-O; 6.92628E-O; 0.000119209 0.0001885"3
194 5A5723E...()7 4 34884E.(J6 lA6202E..(l5 345 197E'()5 6 .7 1565E-O.5 0000115'89 0.000 182824
196 5.29208E"'()7 4.2 174E.()6 1. 41789E-05 3.3479E.()5 6.51346E.()5 0.000 112114 0.000177335
198 5.13J'3E'()7 4.0912IE.(J6 1.3 75; IE-O; 3.24798E-05 6.3 I 932E-05 0.000108776 0.000 172063
200 ".98 125E-07 0 .00000397 1.33481E-05 0 ,00003152 6. 13281E-05 000010557 0 .000 166998
33 1
three times
The probability of this event is (C 1 t + 4t( C 2 ) 3 (t
(4
- C2 ) , where ( is
the number of stops of a reel and c1 and c2 are the distributions of

of values.
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol four times or

another specific symbol three times occurring on a payline
Table 1: c 1 = 1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
t
20 0.000~ 8125 0 .00360625 0 .01 1481); 0.02560625 0 .1J.l688125 0.07560625 0. 111 48125
22 0 .000362851 0 .002736323 0 .008763916 00 19675056 0.036289359 0.0590 1663 1 0.087856875
24 0.0002803 1 0.002 124928 0006838952 0 0 15.05 113 0 .02863679 1 0.0468780 14 0 .070303458
26 O.OOO22JO I 8 0.00 1682802 0005437922 0.0 12326687 0.022979325 0.0378 1599 0 .05704676
28 0 .00017733 5 0.00135523 OOOH9·B28 0.009997462 00 18711279 0 .030926242 0 .0-16876627
30 0 .000 1444-'4 0.001107-407 000360 1235 0.0082 185 19 0 . (1I5~33333 0.025601235 0 .038959259
32 0000 11 9209 0 .0009 16-18 1 0002987862 0.006836891 0.012875557 0 .02 142~2 9~ 0.032111983
34 9.95259E-05 OJX}()767023 0002506 106 0.005747806 0.0 1085 1313 0.0 18 10398 0.02772 1322
36 83947SE-05 OJ)()06-18J62 0.002 122509 0,004877901 0.009228895 0 .0 15432694 0.023689343
38 7. 1-I582E-O's 0.000552962 0.00 181331 1 0.00-1174788 0.0079 13632 0.0 13260046 0.020398 19
40 61328 1E-05 0 .000~15391 0 .00 156 1328 0.00360039 1 0.006836328 O.o! 1415391 0.011686328
42 ; .)0257E-05 0.ooom 613 0 . 00 1 35392 ~ 0.003 12659 1 0.0059~5632 0 .009996 156 0 .0 1 5 ~ 3H2
44 4.61568E-05 0 .OOO3 588~ 9 0 .00 11 81661 0.002132321 OJ.HJ5202908 0 .0087599 14 0.0135442 1
46 4.04247E-05 0 .0003 14688 0.001037419 0 ,00240 1587 0.004578716 0 .007718892 0.0 11 95076
48 3.56038E-Q5 0.000277484 0 .000915716 0.002122102 0.004050361 0 .006836 126 0.0 I0596946
50 0 ,00003152 0 . 0002~591 0 .00081232 0 .(XH884 32 000360016 0.00608272 0 .00943952
52 2.80376E-{)5 0.000218967 0 .000123911 0.00 168075 0 . 00 3 21~20 1 0 .00543587 1 OJ)()8444234
54 2.50498E-05 0 .000 195812 0 .000647885 000 1505459 OJXl288 14 35 0 . ~81H23 0.007583744
56 2.24719E-05 0.0001758 1 0 .000582135 0.001353704 O'(Xl25930 15 0 .004392803 0 .006836039
58 2.02359E-05 0.0001584"1 0 .000524986 0.00122 1668 0.0023" 1803 0.003970222 0.006 183274
60 1. 8287E-05 0.0001 43287 0 .000475077 0 .001 10625 000212 199 1 0.003600011 0 .0056 1088
62 1.65806E"()5 0.000130005 0 .00043 1298 0.00 1()().49 I 8 0.00 1928827 0.003274492 0.005 106882
64 1508E-{)5 0.0001 183 15 0 .000392735 0.0009 15587 0.00 1758397 0 .002986968 0.00466138 1
66 1.3755 I E-05 0 .000107986 0 .000358635 0.000836533 0 .CKHG07453 0.002732107 0.004266 146
332
68 1.2581E-O; 9.88H3E.()5 0.00032837 0 .000766321 0 .001473292 0002505405 0 .003914294
70 1.1 5369E'()5 9.06706E'()5 0 .00030 1416 0 .000703748 0.001353644 0 .002303082 0.003600042
72 1.0605 1E-05 8.33896E'()5 0 .000277333 O.()(X)647804 0 .00 1246602 OJ)()2 12195 1 0 .0033 18504
74 9 77 lo.tE~ 7.68677E-05 0.000255148 0 .000597634 0,00 11505"'8 0 0019593 1 0 .003065538
76 9.02219E-06 7.10086E-05 O.()()(J236345 0.000552512 O.OOlO6-U 09 0.001812861 0 .0028376 15
78 8.34795E..Q6 6.573E...()5 O.OO1218857 0.0005 11 8 19 0.0009861 12 0 .00168064 0.00263 17 13
80 7.73926E-06 6.09619E-05 0 .000203052 o()()()...l750H 0'<)00915552 0 .001560962 0.002445239
82 7.18833E.()6 5.664"'E-05 0.000188732 0,00044 1673 0 .000851563 O.OO U 52374 0 .002275958
84 6.68847E-06 5.21245E..()5 0.000 175728 0 .000411 37 1 0 .000793398 0.00 1353623 0,002 121934
86 6 .2339 I E.()6 H1583E'()5 0 .000 163892 0 .000383779 0 .000740409 0001263619 0 .001981488
88 5.8 I 962E-06 U9066E'()5 0.000 153094 0 .000358599 0.000692035 0001181417 0 .00 1853 158
90 5.·H I24E-06 4.29355 E-05 0.000 14 3225 0.00033 5574 0 .000647782 0.00 1106 188 0 .001 735665
92 5.09497£-06 4.02 15"'E-05 O.OOO13-H86 00003 14478 0 .000607223 0 .00103721 0 .00162789 1
94 4.777-16E-06 3.77202E'()5 0.000 125892 0000295114 0 .000569978 0.000973847 0001528853
96 ~ .4858E-06 3.54272E'()5 0.000 118267 0.000277307 0.0005 357 18 0 .0009 15539 0 .00 1437682
98 ~ . 217~E-06 3.33 164E'()S 0 .0001 11246 0 .000260904 0.000504 148 0.00086 1793 0.001353614
100 0.0(M)(K)397 0 .00003137 0.00010477 0 .OOOH577 000047501 0 ,00081217 0 .00127597
102 3.74 157E-06 2.95723E-05 9.87868E-05 0 .000231784 0 . OOO~~ 8074 0 .OOO7662/W 0.00 1204 149
104 3.53034E-06 2.7909~E-05 9.32506E-05 0 ,000218838 0.000423 137 0 . 0007237~ 0.00 1137616
106 3.3 347IE-CKi 2.63688E'()5 881204E'()5 0 .000206839 0.0004000 15 O.OOO6&1Jn 0.001075893
108 3.15328E-06 2.49)%E-OS 8.33597E.()5 0 .000 195702 0 .0003785-'8 0.00064 7774 0.00 1018553
110 2.98417E-06 2.36 118E-05 7.89359E-05 0.000 185349 0 .000358589 0 ,000613735 0 .0009652 14
112 2.82806E.()6 2 .23766E-05 7~8 1 9SE-05 0 .000175714 0OOO3.$()()()9 0 .000582039 0 000915534
114 2,68212E-06 2.1226 1E-05 7.09845E-05 0.000166736 0 .00032269 0000552488 0 .000869203
116 2.54(J06E-06 2.0 153 IE'()5 6.7407IE.()5 0 .000158358 0 .000306527 0.000524903 0 .000825946
118 241905E-06 1.9 1512E-05 6 .4066 I E'()5 0000150533 0 .00029 1426 0 .000499124 0.00078551
120 2.30035E-06 1 . 82 1 ~7E-05 6 . 09~ 23E-05 0 .000 1432 15 0 .0002773 O . OOO~ 75005 0 . OOO7~7671
122 2. 18929E-06 1.73382E-05 5.80 183E-05 0.000 136363 O . OOO26~ 073 0 . OOO~ 524 I S 0.0007 12222
124 2.08526E.()6 1.6;17IE-O; 5 . ;278~E-O; 0 .00,)129942 0000251674 00004312J.l 0.000678978
126 1.98772E.()6 I. 5747E.()5 5.27083E.()5 0 .000123917 0 .000240038 00004 11355 O.QOO6.! 7 771
128 1.896 17E...Q6 1.5024 1E..Q; 5.0295 1E-05 0 .000 11 8259 0.000229109 0 .tXKl392679 0 .0006 18447
130 1.81016E~ 143447£-05 4.8027E-05 0 .00011294 1 0.000218833 0 .000375 11 6 0 .000590865
132 1.72927E-06 1.37057E-05 ~ . 58933 E -05 0 .000107936 0.000209 163 0 .000358585 0 .00056-1899
134 1 .653 1 3E~ 1.3104 1E-05 4.3884E-05 0 .000 103223 0 .000200054 0 .0003 4301 1 0,(X)()540432
136 1.5814E.()6 1.25372E.()5 4. I 9904E'()5 9.87805E..Q5 0 .00019 1466 0 .000328326 0.000517357
138 1.5 1376E-06 1.20025E'()5 4.02042E'()5 9.45891E-05 0000183363 0 .OOO31+t-67 0 .000495577
140 1.44992 E-06 I . 14978E-05 3.85 178E-05 9.063 15E-05 0.000 1757 11 0 .000301377 0 .000475003
142 1.38962E-06 1.1021E-05 3.69245E-05 8.68916E-05 0 .000 168478 0 .000289003 0.000455551
144 I 33261E.()6 1.05702E-05 3.54178E-05 8.JJ547E'()5 0 .000161637 0 .000277298 Q,()()()..l37 147
333
148 1.22763E-06 9.73977E-06 3 . 264 1 7E..Q~ 7.68365E-OS 0000 149027 0.0002557 17 0 .000403208
150 1.1 7926E.()6 9.3570.JE-06 3. 1362E415 7.3831 IE415 0.000 143212 O.OOOH5762 0.00038755
152 1.1 333 9E.()6 8.99WJE.()6 3.0 1483E415 7.09805E-05 0.000 137695 0.0002363 17 0.000372692
154 1.08988E.()6 8'<"'%8E.()6 2 89%1E-05 6.82747E-05 0.000132458 0.00022735 1 0.000358584
156 1.04856E-06 8.32263E..()6 2.79025E-05 6 .57047E·{)5 0.000127-1.84 0.0002 18832 0.000345179
158 1.0093E-06 8.01186E-06 268629E"()S 6.3262IE-OS 0.<)00 122755 a.ooen 10733 0 .000332434
160 9.71985E-07 7.71637E-06 2.58743E-05 6.0939E-05 0.0001 18257 0.000203029 0.000320308
162 9.36482E-07 H 3524E-06 2 49337E-OS 5.87283E415 0.000113976 0.000195696 0.000308765
164 902688E-07 7. 16759E-06 2.4038E415 5.662 33E-05 0.0001099 0.0001887 12 0.00029777
166 8.70501E..Q7 6 .91264E-06 2.3 1848E-05 5.46 177E..()5 0.000 1060 15 0.000 182056 0 .00028729
168 8.39825E..()7 6.6696-1E-06 223715E-05 5.27056E-05 0.000102312 0.000 175709 O.()()()277297
170 8.10575E..()7 6 .4379E-06 2. 15958E-OS 5.08818E..()S 9.87788E-05 0 .000169654 0 .00026776 1
172 7.82667E'{)7 6.2 1677E-06 2.08555E-05 -I .9 14 I2E-05 9.S406SE..()S 0,000 16387-1 0,000258658
174 7.56025E-07 6.00565E-06 2.0 1487E-05 4.7479E415 9.2 186E-05 0.000158354 0.000249963
176 7. 30579E-07 5.80399E-06 1.94734E-05 4.5891E415 8.91088E-05 0.000153079 0.000241653
178 7.06263E-07 5.6 11 25E-06 1.8828E415 4A373E-05 8.6 167E-05 0.000 148035 0.000233707
180 6.830IJE...(l7 5A2695E~ 182108E-05 ·U9212E.()S 8.33533E-05 0.0001 432 11 0.000226 106
182 6.60773E.{)7 5.250ME~ 1. 76203E-05 ~ . 15 3 21E-05 8.06608E-05 0 . 00013859~ 0.00021883 1
184 6.39488E-07 5.08 188E-06 1.70551E-05 4.02023E...(l5 7.8083E-05 O . OOOI3~173 0.00021 1864
186 6. 19108E-07 4.92028E.()6 1 65137E-05 3.89286E-05 7.56139E-OS 0.000 129938 0.000205 19
188 5.99585E-07 ~.765.uiE..()6 i .5995 I E-05 3. 77082E-05 7.32478E-05 0.00012588 0.000 198794
190 5.8087JE-07 ~ . 61706E.()6 I 54979E-05 3.65J82E-05 7 . 0979~E ..()5 0.000 121989 0.000 19266
192 562933E..()7 4A7~76E..()6 1 50211E-05 3.54 162E-05 6.88036E-05 0.000 11 8256 0.000 186777
194 5.45723E"()7 4.33825E-06 1.45637E-05 3.43396E-05 6.67159E-05 0.000 114675 0.000 18113
196 529208E-07 4.20724E-06 i .41246E..{)5 3.33063E-05 6A7 118E-05 0.000 111 236 0.000 175709
198 5. I 3353E..()7 408145E-06 137031E-05 3.23 139E-05 6.27872E-05 0.000 107934 0.000 170502
200 4.98 125E..()7 J. 96063E.()6 1.32981E-05 3. 13606E415 6.0938 JE-05 0.00010476 1 0.000165498
Table 2: c) = 2
c2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f---
t
20 0.000575 0.0037 0.011575 0.0257 0.046975 0.0757 0.111575
22 0.000426883 0.002800355 0008827949 0.019739089 0.03635339 1 0.059080664 0.087920907
24 0.OO)32552! 0.002170139 0.006884 163 0 . 01548032~ 0.028682002 O.O-Ul923225 0.070348669
26 0.000253843 0.00 1715626 0.005470747 0.012359511 0.023012149 0.03 78~ 88 1 5 0.057079584
28 0.000201739 0.00 1379633 0.00441 8732 0.010021866 0.018735683 0.030950646 0.046901031
30 0.0001 62%3 0.001 125926 0.0036 19753 0.008237037 0.015451852 0.025619753 0.038977778
32 0.000133514 0.000930786 0003002 167 0.00685 11 96 0.012889862 0.02 14 38599 0.032726288
334
34 0 .0001 10751 0.000778247 0 .002517331 0 .00575903 1 0.0108625)8 0018115205 0 ,027732546
36 9.28784 E<l5 0.000657293 0.002 13 144 0 .00488683 1 0 .009237826 0.0 15441 625 0.023698274
38 7.865 19E<l; 0.000560155 0 .001820505 0 .004181981 0 .007920826 0 .01326724 0.020405384
40 6 .71875E<l5 0.00Q.l8125 0 .001567188 000360625 0006842188 001148125 0 .017692188
42 5.78463E4)5 0.00041 6493 0 .00 1358745 0 .00) 13 14 11 0.00595045) 0 .010000977 0.01543724 1
44 5 .01588E~5 0 .000362851 0 .00 1185669 0 ,002736323 0 .0052069 1 0.0087639 16 0 ,0135482 12
46 4 .)7749E~5 0 .0003 18038 0.00104077 0002404937 0 ,004582066 0007722242 001195411
48 3.84295E<l5 0.0002803 1 0 ,0009 1854 1 0.002 124928 0.004053 186 0 ,006838952 0.010599772
50 0.00003392 0 .00024832 0 .0008 1472 0 .00 188672 0.00360256 0 ,00608512 0.00944 192
52 3 . ()()891E~5 0 .000221018 0 .000725968 o 0016l!2802 0003216252 0 005437922 0.008446286
54 2.68139E-05 0 .000197576 0 .000649649 0.00 1507223 0 .00288)199 0.004879 187 0 .007585508
56 2.39972E-05 0 .000177335 0 .00058366 0.00135523 0.00259454 1 0.004394328 0 .006837564
58 2. 156 14E<l5 0.000159767 0 ,000526311 0.001222993 0.002343128 00039715<7 0 .0061846
60 1. 9-1444E<l5 0,000 144444 0 .000476235 0 .00 11 07407 0.002123148 0 .003601235 0 ,0056 12037
62 1.75957E<l5 0 .00013102 0 ,0004323 13 0.00 1005933 0 ,00 1929842 0 ,003275508 0 ,005 107897
64 1.5974E-05 0.000119209 0 .000393629 0.0009\648 1 0 .001759291 0 .002987862 O.<XWi62275
66 1.45457E-05 0.000 108776 O.OOO3S942S 0 .000837324 0 ,001608244 0002732897 O.()('M266937
68 1.32826E-05 9.9!l259E-O; 0.00032907 1 0,000767023 O.OO )·H3993 0.002506 106 0 .0039 14996
70 1.21616E'()5 9 .1295 3E<l5 0.000302041 0.000704373 0.00!3l4269 0 ,002303707 0 ,003600666
72 1 11633E<l5 8.39478E~5 0.00027789 1 0.000648362 0 .00124716 0 ,002122509 0,003319062
74 1.02713E..o5 7,7368E<l5 0,000256248 0.000598134 0.00 1151048 0.00 19598 1 0,0030660 39
76 9.4718E<l6 7 . 1 4582E~5 0.000236795 0.000552962 0 .00106-1 559 0.00 1813311 0.002838064
78 8.75319E-06 661353E~5 0 ,000219262 0 .000512224 0 .000986517 0.0016l!10.J6 0 .002632118
80 8. 1 0.5 4 7E~ 6. 1 3 28 I E~5 0.0002034 18 0.000-17539 1 0 .0009 159 18 0 ,00 1561328 0.002445605
82 7.520IE-06 5.69758E<l5 0 .000189064 0 ,000442005 0.00085189' 0.00 1452706 0,002276289
84 6 .98976E.()6 530257E<l5 0 .000176029 0 .000411673 0.000793699 0.001353924 0 .002122235
86 6.50813E..()6 4.94325E<l5 0.000 164 166 0.000384053 0.000740684 0.00 1263893 0 .00 198 1762
88 6 .06975E-06 4.6156l!E<l5 0.000 1533-15 0.000358849 0.000692285 0.00 1181667 0.00 1853 408
90 5669.7E<l6 -I 31&42E~5 0 .0001-13454 0 .oooJJ5802 0.000648011 0.001106417 0.001735894
92 5.30435E<l6 4 . 04247E~5 0.000134396 0 .(00) 14688 0.000607432 0.001037419 0 .00 162810 1
94 4.96959E-06 3.79I2lE<l5 0.000 126084 0.000295306 0.00057017 0.000974039 0.00 1529045
96 -I .6624IE-06 3 56038E<l5 0 .000118444 0 .000277484 0.00053589-1 0.000915716 0.001437858
98 4.38003E<l6 3.3479E<l5 0 .000 11 1409 0.00026 1067 0.000504311 0.000861955 0.001353776
100 0 .000004 12 0.00003152 0.000 10 492 0.00024592 0.OOOH5 16 0.0008 1232 0.00 1276 12
102 3.88015E<l6 2 . 97109E~5 9.89254E.()5 0 .00023 1922 0 .0004048213 0 .000766422 0.001204288
104 3.65856E..06 2 . 80376E~5 9 .33788E-05 0.000218967 0.000423265 0 .000723917 0.001137744
106 H5353E<l6 2,64876E<l5 8.82392E<lS 0.000206958 0.000400 134 0.000684496 0 ,00 10760 12
108 3.26353E<l6 2 . 50498E~5 8.347E<l5 0.000195812 0.000378658 0.000647885 0.00 10 18663
11 0 3.08722E<l6 2.37142E~5 7.90383E-05 0 .000185452 0 .000358691 0 .0006 13838 0 .0009653 17
335
11 2 2.92338E-06 2.H719E-05 7.491.t9E-05 0 .0001758 1 0,000340 104 0 .000582 135 0.0009 15629
114 2.77094E-06 2. 13149E-05 7. 10733E-05 0.000166825 0 .000322778 0 ,000552577 0.000869292
11 6 2.62891E-06 2.02359E.Q5 6.7-'9E-05 0.000 158"*41 0.0003066 1 0.00052"986 0.000826029
118 H9<H2E-06 1.92286E.Q5 6.41435E.Q5 0.0001506 1 0.00029 1503 0.000"99201 0.000785588
120 2.37269E-06 1.8287E.Q5 6 . 101 4 7E~l5 0 .000143287 0.000277373 0.000475077 0.0007-17743
122 2.257E-06 1.7.w,59E-05 5.8086E-05 0.000 13643 I 0 .0002&41 41 0 .000452482 0.00071229
124 2. 14871E-06 1.65806E-05 5.534 19E-05 0.000130005 0 .000251737 0 .000.$3 1298 0 ,000679042
126 2.0H23E-06 1.58066E-05 5.27679E-05 OJXX'1 123971 0.000240098 0 .00041 14 15 0 ,000647831
128 1.95205E-06 1.508E.Q5 5.035IE.Q5 0 .0001183 15 0.000229165 0.000392735 0.0006 18502
130 1.86268E-06 1.4 3973E-05 4.80795E-05 0.000112993 0.000218886 0.000375169 0.0005909 18
132 1.77868E-06 1.37551E-05 . U9H7E-05 0 .000 107986 0 .000209212 0.000358635 0 .000564949
134 1.69')66E-06 1.31506E-05 4 39306E-05 0 .00010327 0 .000200 10 1 0.000343058 0 .000540479
136 1.62525E-06 1.2581E..()5 .$ 203-12E-05 9882.oE-05 O,()(XlI9 15 1 0 .00032837 0.000517401
138 I.5SS12E~ 1 . 20~39E~S 4 . 024SSE~S 9 4 630SE~S 0000 183404 O . OOO3 1 ~S08 0.()()()..I956 19
140 IA8896E-06 1.1 5369E.Q5 3.85569E.Q5 906706E.Q5 0.000 17575 0.00030 1416 0 . 0<X»75~2
142 IA265 1E-06 1.I 0579E.Q5 3.69613E.Q5 8.69185E.Q5 0.000 168515 0.00028904 0.000455588
144 1.3675E-06 i .06OSIE..{lS 3. 54S27E-05 8.33896E.Q5 0 .000 161672 0 .000277333 0.0<X»37181
148 1.2589E..()6 9.77104E~ 3.2673E..{l5 7.68677E-OS 0.000 149058 0 .000255748 0 .()()()403239
150 1.20889E..()6 9.38667E.Q6 3. 13916E-05 7.3 8607E..o5 0 .000 143241 0.000245792 0 .000387579
152 1.16 1"9E-06 9.022 19E-06 3.017<>lE.Q5 7. 10086E.Q5 0.000 137723 0.000236345 0.00037272
154 I. II 655E-06 8.67635E-06 2.9023 IE.Q5 6.83013E.Q5 0.000131" 85 0.0002173n 0.0003586 11
156 1.07389E-06 8.H79SE-06 2.79278E.Q5 6.573E.Q5 0.000 127509 0.0002 18857 0. OOOH52~
158 1.03337E-06 8.03593E-OG 2.6887E..{l5 6.3286IE-05 0 .000 122779 0 .000210757 0 .000332458
160 9 .94873E..{l7 7.73926E-06 2.58972E-05 6.09619E-05 0.0001 1828 0 .000203052 0 .00032033 1
162 9.5826 1E-07 7A5701E-OG 2A9S5~ E..{lS 5.8750 1E"{)5 0.000113998 0.000195718 0 .000308787
164 9.23424E..(}7 7. 18833 E-06 2A0588E.Q5 5.66HE.Q5 0.000 109921 0.000188732 0.00029779
166 8.90255E.Q7 6.9324E-06 2.320"6E.Q5 H 63 7"E.Q5 0.000106035 0.000 182076 0.0002873 1
168 8.S8656E..{l7 668847E-06 2.23903E.{)5 S.27245E-OS 0.00010233 1 0.000175728 0.0002773 16
170 8.28534E-07 6A5586E-06 2. 16137E'{)5 5.08998E"{)5 9 .87967E-05 0 .000 169672 0.clOO267779
172 7.99805E"()7 6 .233 9IE-06 2.08726E-05 4.91583E..{)5 9.S4236E-05 0 .000 163892 0.000258675
174 7.72389E.Q7 6 .02202E-06 20165E.Q5 474954E"()5 9 .22023E"()5 0 .000 15837 0.000249979
176 7.46212E.Q7 5.81%2E-06 1 . 9~ 89 I E"()5 4.59066&<)5 8.9 124" E.Q5 0.000 15309" 0.0002" 1669
178 7.21205E"()7 5.62619E-06 \.884 3E-OS 4.4388E.Q5 8.6 182E.Q5 0 .000 1480S 0.000233 722
180 6.97302E.Q7 5.44 124E-06 1.82251E..{l5 .I 29355E-05 8 .33676E-05 0.000 143225 0.000226 12
182 6 .74444E..{l7 5.2643 IE-06 J.763~E-05 4. 15458E-05 8.06745E-05 0.000138607 0.0002 18844
184 6 .52575E-07 5.09497E-06 J.70681 E..{lS 4.02 I 54E"()'s 7.8096 IE'{)5 0 .000 134186 0 .0002 11 877
186 6 .3164IE.{)7 4.9328 I E-{}6 1.65263E'{)5 3 894 11E'{)5 7.56264E-05 0 .000 12995 1 0.000205203
188 6 . 11592E-07 4.77746E-06 1.60071E-OS 3.77202E.Q5 7.32598E.Q5 0.000 125892 0 .000 198806
190 592383E.Q7 4.62857E-06 1.55094E-OS 3.65498E-05 7.09909E-05 0 .000122 0 .000192672
336
192 5.7)97IE-07 4A858E-06 l.50321E'(}5 3.54272E..Q5 6.K8147E-05 0000118267 0000186788
194 5.56J13E'(}7 4.3 4 884 E~ 1.45743E'()5 3 43502E'(}5 6.67265E'(}5 00001 14685 0.000 181 141
196 5.39)72E.()7 4 .2 1 74E~ 1.41J48E.(}5 3.33164E'()5 6.4722E'()5 0.000 111 246 0.000 1757 19
198 5.23113£-07 4.0912IE-06 1.37 128E-05 3.23237E-05 6.2797E-OS 0000107943 0 .000 110511
200 5.075£-07 0 .000003 97 1.3]075£-05 0.00003 137 6.09475E-05 0,00010477 0.000165508


least three times
The probability of this event is (C,)4 + 4t( C2)3 - 3(C2)4 , where tis
(4
the number of stops of a reel and c, and C2 are the distributions of

of values.
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol four times or

another specific symbol at least three times occurring on a payline
Table 1: c, = 1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-t
20 0.0004875 0.00370625 0.0119875 0.02720625 0,0507875 0.08370625 0. 1264875
22 0.00036712 0.002804624 0.009 10%92 0.020767878 0.03895738 0.064549()4 0.098106345
24 0.000283324 0.002 113 153 0.OO70S3092 0.01 62067 18 0.030520592 0.050784264 0.077540268
26 0.000223206 0.001717815 0.005615175 0.012886891 0.024347012 0.040652025 0.062300865
28 0.000 178962 0.00138126 O.l)()4526109 0.010413955 0.019728108 0.033034738 0.050782877
30 0.000 145679 0.00 11 27 16 0.00370 1235 0.008534568 0.0 16204938 0.02720 1235 0.04 1923457
32 O.0IXl120163 0.00093 174 0.003065109 0.007081032 O.0l)471603 0.022660255 0.03500 1755
34 0.000100274 0000778996 0.00256672 0.005939375 0.01131901 0.019073796 0.029518025
36 8.4 54J IE'(}5 0.000657888 0.002 170734 0.0050303 16 0.00960 1004 0.0 16204299 0.025 118837
38 7. 19378E-05 0.000560635 0.00 1852 157 0.()()4297561 0.0082 13373 0.013 881589 0.021549673
40 617188E-05 0.000481641 0.00 1592969 0.003700391 0.()()7()8(}469 0.011981641 0.018624219
42 5.3 347 1E-05 0.0004 168 14 0.00137995; 0.00320886 1 0.006 146487 0.0 104 1265 0.0 16204025
44 4.64236E'(}5 0.000363 118 0.001203278 0.OO2S00622 0.00536966 0.009 10569 0.0 14184802
46 4.0648IE.(}5 0.000318261 0.00105551 0.002458762 0.004718304 0.008008341 0.012487002
48 3.57922E-05 0.000280498 0.000930975 0.002 170327 0.004168098 0.007080267 0.011049247
337
50 0.00003168 0.00024848 0.00082528 0.00192528 0.00370016 0.00629008 0.00982368
52 2.8 1H3E-05 0.000221 155 0.00073"'995 0001715763 0.00329968 1 0.0056\3 123 0.008772616
54 2.5 167-'E-05 0.000 19769'- 0.000657'" 11 0.001535566 0.00295-1938 0.005029839 0.00786611]
56 2.25736E-05 0.OOOJn437 0.000590371 0.001379735 0.002656567 0.004524584 0.007080 18
58 2.032 -1 3E-05 0.000 159855 0.00053214-' 0.00124429 0.002397032 O.()().I084745 0.006395443
60 1.836"2£.05 0.000144522 0.000-18 1327 0.001 126003 OJX)2170216 0.003700077 0.005796142
62 I 66482E-O,5 0.00013 1088 0.000-136779 0.001022243 0'<)(1 1971125 0 .0033622 0 ,00526937 1
64 1.5 1396E-05 0.000119269 0.000397563 0,000930846 0,00179565 0,0030642 15 0.00",804492
66 1.38078E-05 0.000108829 0.000362<JO.1 0.000850025 0.00 1640392 0.002800408 0.004392683
68 1.26278E-05 9.95726E-05 0.000332158 0.000778294 0.00 1502523 0.0025660 18 0.004026588
70 1.I5785E-05 913369E-05 OOOO)~79 0.0007 1-1411 0.00 1379675 0.00235706 0.003700042
72 1.06H3E-05 839S5E-05 0 .000280347 000065733 0,00 1269859 0.002170176 0.0034078.. 7
74 9.80439E-06 7.74013E-05 0000258449 0 ,000606 17 1 O.cX)l171391 0.002002529 0.003 145608
76 9.052 17E-06 7.14881E-05 0.000238773 0.000560 185 0.00 1082843 0.00 185 1708 0.002909582
78 8.37497E-06 6.6 1623E-05 0.000221045 0.0005 18735 0.00 1002997 0.0017 15653 0.002696578
80 7.76367E..Q6 6.13525E-05 0.000205029 0.00048 1274 0.000930811 0.001592603 0.002503857
82 7.2104SE-06 5.69979E-05 0.000 190524 0.()()0447335 0000865386 0.00 14 81039 0.002329063
84 6.70856E-06 5.30458E-05 0.000 177355 00004 16513 0.00080595 1 0.00 1379654 0.002170 J59
86 6.252 19E-06 4.94508E-05 0.000 165372 0000388459 0.00075 1835 0.001287312 0.00202538 1
88 5.8363E-06 -i .6 1734E-05 0.000 154445 0000362868 0.000702457 0.00 1203027 0.001893195
90 5A56-I9E-06 U I794E-05 0.00014446 0.000339476 0.000657308 0.001 125941 0.00 177226
92 510893E-06 4.04387E-05 0.000 135317 0.0003 18052 0.0006 15947 0.001055301 0.00 1661407
94 4.79027E-06 3.79251E-05 0.000 126929 0.000298393 0.000577983 0.000990446 0.001559605
96 4 -i9758E-06 3.56156E-05 0.000 119221 0.00028032 1 0.000543076 0.000930798 0.00 146595
98 4.22825E-06 3.34899E-05 0.000112124 0.00026368 0.000510924 0.000875843 0.00 137%44
100 0.00000398 0.00003153 0.000 10558 0.00024833 0.000481 26 0.00082513 0.00129998
102 3.7508 IE-06 2.9720IE-05 9.9535 1E-05 0.000234149 0.000453848 0.000778257 0.001226331
104 3. 53889E-06 2.80461E-05 9.3943E-05 0.000221027 0.000428479 0.000734867 0.00115814
106 3.34264E-06 2.(H955E-05 8.8762E-05 0.000208867 0.<)00404966 0.000694642 0.0010949 11
108 3.16063E--06 2.50572E-05 8.3955 1E-05 0.000197583 0.000383 142 0.0006573 0.00103620 1
110 2.99 16E-06 2.372 IIE-05 7.9489 1E-05 0.000 187098 0.000362858 0.000622587 0.00098 1613
11 2 2.83 HIE-06 2.24783E-05 7.53343E-OS 0.000 177341 0.00034398 1 0.000590276 0.000930792
11 4 2.68804E-06 2. 13208E-05 7. 1464 IE-05 0.00016825 1 0.00032639 0.000560161 0.00088341 9
11 6 2.55158E-06 2.024 15E-05 6. 78545E-05 0.000159772 0.000309979 0.000532061 0.000839206
11 8 2A2-i2IE-06 1.92338E-05 6. 44839E-05 0.000 151 853 0.00029465 0.000505808 0.000797894
120 2.30517E-06 1.82919E-05 6. 13329E-05 0.000 144449 0.0002803 14 0.00048 1255 0.00075925
122 2. 1938E..Q6 1.741 05E-05 5.8384E-05 0.000137519 0.000266894 0.000458265 0.00072306
124 2.08949E-06 1.65848E-05 5.562 1E-05 0.000131025 0.000254317 0.0004367 16 0.000689 134
126 1.99 169E-06 1 58 105E-05 5.30297E-05 0.000 124933 0.000242 518 0.000416497 0.000657297
33 8
128 1.8999E-06 1.50837E~5 5.05969E-<l5 0.0001 192 13 0.00023 1·.07 0.000397507 0.000627391
130 1.81366E-06 1.44008E-<l5 4.83 106E-<l5 0.0001 13837 0.000221022 0.000379654 0.000599272
132 1.73257E-06 1.37584E-05 4.6 1601E"{),5 0.000 10878 0.0002 11222 0.000362854 0 .000572808
134 1.656HE~ 1.3 1537E-05 4A 1353E-05 O.OOOIO-W17 0 .00020 1992 0.00034703 1 0 .000547819
136 1.58432E-06 1.2584E-05 ·U2272E-05 9.95288E-05 0 .000 193293 0.000332 114 0000524376
138 1.5 165 1E-06 1. 20466E-<l5 4 .04275E-05 9.,5295E"()5 0.000 185086 0.0003 1804 1 0.000502 198
140 1.45252E-06 1.15395E-<l5 3.87287E-<l5 912979E-<l5 0.000177338 0.00030475 1 0.000481253
142 1.39208E-06 LI ()6().tE-OS 3.71237E-05 8 .752I3 E-05 0.000 170015 0,000292 19 1 O.()()O..I.6 1456
144 1.3349-1E-06 1.06074E-05 3.56062E.(JS 83 950 lE-05 0 .000 16309 1 0.0002803 12 0 .00044273
148 1.22972E..()6 9.773 12E-06 328 105E-05 7.737E-05 0 .0001503 3 0 ,0002584 18 0 .000408212
150 1.1 8123E-06 9.38864E-06 3. 1522E-05 7.43368E-<l5 0.000 144446 0.000248322 0.000392292
152 1.1 3527E-06 9.02407E-06 3.03E-<l5 7. 146E-<l5 0.000138866 0.000238745 0.00037719
154 1.09166E-06 8.678 13E-06 2.9 1404E-05 6.87298E-<l5 0 .00013357 0.000229655 0 .000362853
156 1.05025E-06 8.34964E..()6 2.80393E-05 6.61]69E-05 0 .000 128539 0000221 02 0000349233
158 1.0 109 1E-06 8.03753E-06 2.69929E~5 6 .3 6728E~5 0.000 123758 0.0002 128 12 0.000336286
160 9 . 73511E~7 7.74078E-06 2 .59979E ~5 6.13297E~5 0.000119211 0.000205006 0000323972
162 9.37934E-..()7 H5847E-06 2.50513E-<l5 5.9 1E-<l5 00001 14884 0000 197517 0.00031225 1
164 9.0407 1E-07 7. 1897 IE-06 2.4 1 5E~5 5.69772E-05 0.000 I lO764 0.000 190503 0.00030 1089
166 87 1818E-07 6.93372E-06 2.329 15E-05 5.49548E-05 0.000106838 0.000183763 O.000290·H2
168 8 AI 081E~7 6.68973E-06 2 2 ~ 732E-05 5.3027E~5 0.000103096 0.000177336 0.00028031 1
170 8. 11772E-07 6.45706E-06 2. 16927E-05 5.11883E-05 9.9527 1E-05 0.000 171206 0.000270636
172 7.83809E-<l7 6.23505E416 2.0948E-05 4.9H37E-05 9.6 1206E-<l5 0.000 165355 0.00026 1401
174 7.57116E-07 6.023IIE-06 2.0237E-05 477583E-05 9.28678E-05 0.000159768 0.000252582
176 7.3161 1E-07 5.82066E-06 1.95578E-05 4.61578E-05 8.97602E-<l5 0.000 154429 0.0002-44 155
178 7.07259E-07 5.62719E-06 1.89087E-05 ~A 628 E-05 8.67896E-<l5 0.000 149326 0.000236099
180 683966E..()7 5.4422E-06 1.8288E-<l5 U1651E-<l5 8.39~87E-05 0.000 144+t5 0.000228393
182 6.6 1685E-07 5.26522E-06 1.7694 1E-<l5 -I . 17654E-05 8. 12305E-05 0.000139775 0.000221019
184 6.4036 1E-07 5.0958-1 E..06 1.71257E-05 -1.0-1256£-05 7.86283E-05 0.000 135304 0.000213959
186 6199+m~)7 -I 93365E-06 1.65814E-05 3.91425E-05 7.61361E-05 0.000131021 0.000207 196
188 600385E . .{)7 4.77826E..Q6 1.60599E-05 3.7913 1E-05 7.3748 1E-05 0.000 126917 0.00020071 6
190 5.8 1641E-07 4.62934E . . 06 1. 556E-05 3.67347E-<l5 7. 14589E-05 0.000 122983 0.000 194503
192 563669E-07 4A8654E-06 1.50807E-<l5 356046E-<l5 6.92635E-05 0.0001 192 1 0.000 188543
194 5 -I6429E-07 4.3-1955E-06 IA6209E-05 3.-I5204E-05 6.7 1572E-05 O.lXIOI 1559 0.000 182825
196 5.29886E-07 4.2 1808E-06 1.4 1795E-05 3.34797E-05 6.51353E-05 0.000 112 114 0.000 177336
198 5.1-1004£-07 4.09I86E-06 1.37558E-05 3.24805E-OS 6.31938E-05 0.000108777 0.000172064
200 4 9875E-07 3.97063E-06 1.33-1 88£-05 3. 15206E-05 6.13288E-<l5 0.000 105571 0.000166999
339
Table 2: c) =2
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0.00058 125 0.0038 0.01208125 0.0273 0.05088 125 0.0838 0.12658125
22 0.000"'31 152 0.002868657 0.009173724 0.02083 191 0.039021 41 2 0.0646 13073 0.098 170378
24 0.000328535 0.0022110(>-1 0 .007128303 0 .016251929 0.030565803 0 .050829475 0 .077585479
26 0.000256031 0.001750639 0.0056.7999 0.0 129 197 16 0.024379836 0.0.068485 0.062333689
28 0.000203366 0001405661 Of.)()4550513 0.010.38359 0.0197525 12 0.033059 142 0.05080728 1
30 0.00016.1 98 0.001145679 0.003719753 0008553086 0.01622W7 0.027219753 0.0. 194 1975
32 0000134468 0000946045 0.0030794 14 0007095337 0 .013-'85909 0.022674561 0.0350 1606
34 0 .0001 11499 0 .00079022 O.<)()2S77944 0 ,005950599 0.0 11330234 0.019085021 0.02952925
36 9.34737E-05 0 .000666819 0.002 179665 0OO5039H7 0 .009609935 0.01621323 0.025 127767
38 7.913 15E"()s 0.000567829 0.001859351 0.00.30H55 0.008220567 0.013888782 0.02 1556867
40 6.7578IE.(I5 0.000.875 0.001598828 0.00370625 0.007086328 0.0 11 9875 0.0 18630078
42 5.81676E.(I5 O. ~21635 000138. 775 0003213682 0.006 151308 0.010.1 747 0.0 16208846
44 5.04256E.Q,5 0.000367 12 0.00120728 0.00280462-' 0.005373662 0 .009109692 0.0 14188804
46 4 .39982E-05 O.l)(X132 161 1 0 .00105886 0 .002462 11 2 OJ)o·nlI654 0 .0080 11 691 0.012490352
48 3.&6179E-OS 0.00028332. 0.0009338 0.002173 1S3 0.00.170924 0.007083092 0.0 11052073
50 0.OOOOH08 0.00025088 0.00082768 0.00192768 0.00370256 0.00629248 0.00982608
52 3.02259E.(I5 0.000223206 0.0007370. 6 0.00 1717815 0.003301732 0.005615175 0.008774668
54 2.693 1SE-OS 0.000 1994S8 0.000659175 0.00153733 0.002956702 0.005031603 0.007867877
56 240988E-05 0.000178962 0.00059 1896 0.00138126 0.002658092 0.00.J526 109 0.007081705
58 2 1£W98E-05 0.000161181 0.000533469 0.001245615 0.002398357 0.OO-W8607 0.006396768
60 1.95216E.(I5 0 .0001.5679 0.000.82485 0.001127 16 0.002171373 0.003701235 0.005797299
62 1.76634E.(I5 0.0001 32103 0.000.37795 0.001023258 0.00 1972 14 0.003363215 0.005270386
64 1.60336E-05 0.000120 163 0.000398457 OJXlO93IN 0.00 1796544 0.003065 109 0.00.805386
66 145984E-05 0.000\09619 0.000363694 0.000850816 0.001641 182 0.002801 198 0.004393474
68 I 33294E-05 Ol)(X)IOO274 0.00033286 0.000778996 0.001503224 0.00256672 0.00402729
70 1.22032E.(I5 9. 19617E.(I5 0000305414 0.0007 15035 0.0013803 0.002357684 0.003700666
72 I. I 2005E-05 8.45431E-05 0000280905 0.000657888 0.0012704 17 0.002 170734 0.ooH08406
74 1.03046E-05 7.79015E-05 0.000258949 0.000606671 0.001l7189 1 0.00200303 0.0031~ 1 08
76 9.50178E-06 7. I 9378E-05 0000239223 0.000560635 0.00 1083293 0.00 1852 157 0.002910032
78 8.78021E-06 6.65675E-05 0.00022 145 0000519 14 0.00 1003403 0.001716058 0.002696984
80 8.12988E.Q6 6. 17188E-05 0.000205396 0.000481641 0.000931177 0.001592969 0.002504224
82 7.54222E.Q6 5.73297E-05 0.000190856 0.000.. 7667 0.0008657 18 0.001 48 1371 0.002329395
84 7.oo984E-06 5.33471E-05 0.000177656 0.0004 168 14 0.000806252 0.001379955 0.002 17046
86 6.5264 I E..()6 4.9725E-{l5 0.000165647 0.000388733 0.000752 109 0.001287586 0.002025655
88 6.086.2E.06 4.64236E ..05 0.00015.695 0.000363118 0.000702707 0.001203278 0.00 1893445
340
90 5 . 6851 I E~ ~ . 3408E"()5 O .OOOI~4688 0 .000339704 0.000657537 OOO1l2617 0001772489
92 5.31831 E-06 4.0648 I E-05 0 .000135526 OJJOO31826 1 0.0006 16156 0.00 10555 1 0.00 166 16 16
94 4.9824E.()6 3.8 11 72E.Q5 0.000127122 0.000298585 0.000578176 0.000990639 0.001559797
96 4.67418E-06 3.57922E.Q5 0.000119398 0.000280498 0.000543253 0000930975 0.001 466127
98 4.39087E-06 3.36525E-O's 0.000 11 2287 0.000263843 0.0005 11 087 0000876006 0.00 1379807
100 0 .000004 13 0.00003168 0.00010573 0 .00024848 0.000..j. 8141 0.00082528 0.00130013
102 3.88939E-06 2.98587E..Q5 996731£-05 0.00023-'287 O . ~53987 0.000778395 0.001226469
104 3.667 11E-06 2,g 1743E..()5 9.407 I 2E-05 0.00022 11 55 0.000428607 0.000734995 0.001158268
106 3.46145E-06 2.66143E.Q5 8.88808E.Q5 0.000208986 0.000405085 0.00069' 76 1 0.00 109503
108 3.27088E-06 2.'s1674E-05 8.40654E.Q5 0.000 197694 0.000383252 0.000657411 0.001036311
110 3.09405E.()6 2.38235 E.Q5 7.959 16E.Q5 0.000 1872 0.00036296 0.00062269 0.0009817 16
112 2.92974E-06 2.2.5736E-OS 7.54296E-O,S 0.000 177437 0.000344076 0.00059037 1 0.000930888
114 2.77686E..Q6 2 14096E.Q5 7. 1.5.529E-OS 0.00016834 0.000326479 0.00056025 0.000883508
116 2.63443 E.Q6 2.03243E.Q5 6.79373E-05 0.000159855 0.000310062 0.0005321 44 0.000839289
118 2.50158E-06 1.93 11 1E.Q5 6.456 13E.Q5 0.000 15193 1 0.000294727 0.000505886 0.000797972
120 2.31151E..Q6 1.83642E-OS 6.14053E.Q5 0.0001 44522 0 .000280387 0 .000481327 0 .000759322
122 2.2615IE-06 1.74782E-OS 5.845 17E-05 0 .000137586 0.000266962 0.000458333 0.000723128
124 2. 15294E.()6 1.66482E..()5 ,S,56845E..()5 0.000 13 1088 0 .00025438 1 0.000436779 0.000689 197
126 2.0512E.()6 1.587E.Q5 5.30892E-05 0.000 124992 0.0002425n 0.000416557 O.()()()657357
128 195578E-06 1.51396E.Q5 5.06528E.Q5 0.0001 19269 0.00023 1~93 0.000397563 0.000627,,"7
130 1. &66 18E.Q6 1.4 45 33E~5 ~ .83632E~5 0.000 11 389 0.00022 1074 0.000379707 0.000599324
132 1.78197E-06 1.38078E-05 4.62095E~5 0.000108829 0.0002 11271 0.000362904 0.()(x)572857
134 1.70276E-06 1 32003E~5 4.418 1 8E~5 0.000 1()4(){H 0.000202039 0.0003470n 0.000541925
136 1. 62817E.()6 1.26278E.Q5 4 . 22 7 1 E~5 9.95726E.Q5 0.000 193337 0.000332 158 0.00052442
138 1.55787E-06 1.2088E.Q5 4.04689E.Q5 9.53363E.Q5 0.000185 128 0.0003 18082 0.000502239
140 1.49157E-06 115785E~S 3 . 87677E~S 9. 13369E.Q5 O.OIX)l773n 0.OOOJO.l7' 0.000481292
142 1.4 28 9 7E~ 1 . 10973E~5 3.7 1 606E~5 8.75582E.Q5 0.000 170052 0.000292228 0.00046 1493
144 1.36983E-06 1.06423E.Q5 3.56. HI E-05 8.3985E.Q5 0.000 163126 0.000280347 0.000442765
148 I 26098E-06 9.80n9E-06 3.2S.18E.Q5 7.740I3E-05 0.000150361 0.000258449 0.000408243
150 1.21086E-06 9.41 827E-06 3. 155 16E.Q5 7.43664E.Q5 0.00014+4 76 0.000248352 0.000392322
152 1.1 6337E-06 9.052I7E"()6 3.0328 I E~5 7.14881E-05 0.OOO I 3889~ 0.000238773 0.0003772 18
154 1.1 1832E-06 8.70479E-06 2 . 9167IE~5 6.87565E-05 0.000133596 0.000229681 0.000362879
156 1.07558E-06 8.37-1-97E-06 2.80646E.Q5 6.61623E~5 0.000 128564 0.000221045 0.000349258
158 1.03498E-06 8.06 16E-06 2.70 17E.Q5 6.36%9E~5 0.000123782 0.000212837 0.0003363 1
160 9.96399E.Q7 7.76367E-06 2.60208E.Q5 6. 13525E.Q5 0.000119234 0.000205029 0.000323994
162 Y.597 13E..()7 7.-1-8024E-06 2.5073E~5 5.912 1 8E~5 0.000 114906 0.000 197599 0.(0)) 12273
164 9.24806E"()7 7. 2 J045E-06 2.4 1708E"()5 5 . 69979E~5 0.000 110785 0.000 190524 0.00030 11 09
166 8 . 91572E~7 6.95347E-06 2.331 12E-O; ;.49746E-05 0.000106858 O.cXX)l83782 0.000290472
168 8.599 I1 E.Q7 6.70856E-06 2.2492E.Q5 5.3a..58E-O; 0.000 103115 0.000177355 0.00028033
341
170 8.29731E-07 6.-I7S0ZE-06 2. 17107E<l5 5. 1206JE<l5 9.9545E-05 0.000171224 0.00027065"
172 8.009J8E..()7 6.252 19E-<J6 2.09652E-05 4.94508E<l5 9.61l77E<l5 0.000165372 0.00026 14 19
174 7.73JHE"()1 6.03941E-06 2.025J.fE-05 477147E-05 9.28842E<l5 0.000159784 0.000252599
176 7A7254E..()7 5 . 8363E~ 1.95735E-O' 4.6 \ 734E-05 8.97758E-05 0 .000154445 0 ,000244 17 1
178 7.2220IE-07 5.M213E-06 1.89237E-05 .. A6-13E-05 8.6S().16E-05 0 .000 14-934 1 0.0002361 14
180 6.98255E..()7 5. 45649E-<J6 1.83023E<l5 4.3 1794E-05 8.3963E-05 0.00014446 0.000228407
182 6. 75356E<l7 5.27889E-<J6 1. 77078E<l5 4.17791E<l5 8. 12441 H5 0.000 139789 0.000221033
184 6 .53·U7E'{)7 5.10893E-06 1.7 1388E-05 "'.04387E-05 7.8tH 14E-05 0.0001353 17 0.0002 13972
186 6 .3 2476E-07 4.94618E-06 1.65939E-05 3.9 155E-05 7,61486E-05 O.OOOlJ 1034 0.000201209
188 6. 12393E-07 4 .79027E-06 1 607 19E-05 3.7925 I E ..05 7.3760IE-05 0.000 126929 0.000200728
190 5.9315 1E-07 464085E-<J6 1..557 16E-05 3.67462E..()5 7. 14704E-05 0.000122995 0 .000194514
192 5.74707E-07 .. 49758E-06 150917E..()5 3.56 156E-05 6,92746E-05 0.000 11 922 1 0.000188555
194 5.570 19E-07 4,]60 14E-06 146 3 1 5E~5 3 ~5 309E~5 6 . 7 1 677E~5 0 .0001 156 0.000 182836
196 5..1005E~7 ~ 22H25E-06 1 4 1 897E~5 3.34899E-05 6.5 1 ~55E-05 0.000 112124 0.000177346
198 5 . 23763E~7 4. 10 162 E-06 1.37655E~5 3 24902E~5 6.32036E~5 O.(XX)J08787 0.000 17207~
200 5.08125E<l7 0.00000398 1.33581E-05 000003 153 6. 1338 1E<lS 0.000 10558 0.000 167008

downloaded from www.infarom .com/SL T/16reeiA 1.9.zip

(C 1)4 + 2C1C2 [ 2(C 1)2 +3C1C2 + 2(C2)2]
-------'~---:-4-------= , where t is the number of
t
stops of a reel and c1 and c 2 are the distributions of the two symbols
on a reel. This formula returns the fo llowing tables of values.
342
Tables of values for the probability of a specific symbol four times or any
payline
Table 1: C1 = 1
C2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f---
t
20 0 .000093 75 0 .000' 0625 0.00109375 0 .00230625 0 .00119375 000690625 0.01059375
22 6.40) 25E"()'s 0.000277474 0 .000747046 0 .0015752 0.00286-1388 0.004717062 0.007235674
24 ·U2 112E-OS 0.000195915 0.000527464 0.00 11121 96 0.002022449 0.00]3]056 0.005 108869
26 3.282 4'sE-05 0.0001 42239 0.000382952 0000807482 0.001468348 0'()024 1807 0.003709 166
28 2.44039E-OS 0.00010575 0.(0)28-'712 0 .000600336 0.001091668 O.OO I797i~ 0.00275764
30 1.85185E"()S 8.02469E-OS 0 .0002 16049 0.OOW55556 0.000828395 0 .0013<>1198 0.002092593
32 1.4305 1E.()5 6. I9888E..()5 0.000 166893 0 .0003 5 1906 0.0006399 15 0 .0010538 1 0.00 16 16478
34 1. 11H7E-OS 4.86405E'()5 O.CKX> 130955 0.000276 128 0.000502 11 9 0.000826888 0,00 1268394
36 8.9306 1E.()6 386993E'()5 0.00010419 0.000219693 0.000399496 0,000657888 0.()01009 159
38 7. 19378E..Q6 3.117]E-05 8.39274£.-05 0.000116967 0.000321802 0 .000529941 0,000812897
40 5.S5938E-06 2.53906E-05 6.83594E-05 O .OOO I~141 0.000262109 O,OOO4 JI(H ! 0.000662109
42 ".82052£-06 2.08889E..()5 5.62394 E-05 0.000 118585 0.0002 15638 0 .0003 55112 00005-14719
44 4.00203E.()6 1.73411E..(}5 4.66904E'()5 9 . 845E~5 0 .000 179024 0.0002948 16 0 .00045223
46 3.350 12E.()6 IA5I72E'()5 3.908HE'()5 8.24129E-05 0000149862 0.0002.6792 0 .000378563
48 2.8257E.()6 1.22+17E.()5 3.29665E~ ; 6 .95I23E.()5 000012<>103 0.00020816 0000319304
50 0.0000024 0 .0000104 0 .000028 0.00005904 0.00010736 0.0001768 000027 12
52 2.051 53E-06 8.88996E'()6 2.3 9345E-05 5.04676E-05 9. J7718E~5 0.00015 11 29 0 .000231823
54 1.76407E.()6 7.6 .... 3IE-06 2.05808E-O; 4 . 33962E~5 7.89128E-05 0.000 129953 0 .00019934
56 1.52524E-06 660939E-06 177945E'()5 3.752 I E'()5 6 .82292E.()5 0.00011236 0.000172353
58 1.3255E-06 5.74383E-06 154642E'()5 3.26073E-05 5.929"'£..05 9.7645IE'()5 0 .00014978 1
60 1.1574 1E-06 5.0 1543E-06 1.3503IE-05 284722E-05 51nnE-05 8.52623E-05 0 .000130787
62 1.0 1514E-06 4 .3 9893E-06 1.18-l33E-O; 2.49724E-05 4 .54104E-05 7.478 17E-05 0 .0001 147 1
64 8.9-407E-07 3.8143E-06 1.04308E-05 2.1~)41E-05 3.999HE'()5 6.5863IE'()5 0.000 10103
66 7.90525E'()7 H256 1E.()6 9 .22279E.()6 1.9+169E'()5 353628E'()5 5.82353E'()5 8 .93293E.()5
68 7.0 1 5",5E~7 304003E-06 81S469E.()6 L7258E'()5 3.13825E.()5 ;.16805E-05 7.92746E'()5
70 6 .2474E...()7 270721E-06 7.28863E.()6 1.53686E-05 2.79-M1E-05 4 .60225E-O; 7 .05956E-05
72 5.58163E...()7 2.4 187 1E-06 6.5 11 9 1E-06 1.31308E...()5 2.49685E~5 4. 11 18E-05 6 .30725E.()5
74 5.00224E-07 2.1676-1E-06 5.83594E416 ! .23055E-05 2.23761E-05 3.68498E'()5 5.65253E-05
76 4.496I1E'()7 L94831E.()6 524546E.()6 I.I<J6O.1E'()5 2.0 1126E.()5 3.312I3E.()5 5.0806&05
78 4 .05241E-07 1.75604E-06 ·'-1278 IE-06 9.96892E.()6 181278E"()5 2 98527E'()5 457922E.()5
80 J.662 11 E-07 1.5869IE.()6 4.21246E-06 9.00879E-06 1 63818E'()5 2.69775E..o5 4.13818E<l5
82 3.3 I 76t)E-07 ' ... 3767E-06 3. 87064E-06 8. J6 152E-06 1.484IIE-O; 2.4440JE-05 J.74899E-O;
343
84 3.01283E-07 1.305.56E-06 3.5 1496E-06 7.41 155E-06 1.34774E-05 2.21945E-05 3.40~ 9E-05
86 2.7-'219E-07 1. 18828E-06 3. 19922E-06 67 .. 579E-06 1 22667E-05 2.0200SE-<l5 3.09867E-05
88 2.50 127E-<l7 I.083S8E-06 2.918 15E-06 6. 15 3 12E-06 I. II 89E-<l5 1.8426E-<l5 2.82644E-<l5
90 2.28624E-<l7 990703E-<l7 2.66728E-06 5.624 14E-06 1.02271E-<l5 1.6841 9E-<l5 2.58345E-<l5
92 2.09382E-07 9.07323E-07 2 ....4279E-06 5.1508E..()6 9.36637E-06 1.54245E-05 2.36602E-<l5
94 1.92123E-07 8.32534E-07 2.HU4E-06 ·U2623E-06 859"'31E-06 1.4153 1E-05 2. 17099&05
96 1.76606E-07 7.65294E-07 2.0604 1E-06 4.3 .... 52E-06 7.90019E-06 J.30 I E-05 J 99565E-05
98 1.62625E-<l7 7.04708E-07 1.8972YE-06 " .00057E-06 7.27475E-06 I. 198E-05 1.83766E-<l5
100 0.00000015 0.00000065 0.00000 175 0.00000369 0.00000671 0.00001105 0.0000 1695
102 1.38577E-07 6.005E-<l7 1.61673E-06 3A0899E-06 6. 199E-06 1.02085E-<l5 1.56592E-05
104 128221E"{)7 5.55623E-07 149591E-06 3. 15423E-06 5.73574E-06 9A4559E-06 1.44889E-05
106 1.1 88 14 E-07 5.1 4861E-07 1J8616E-06 2.92283£-06 5.3 I 495E...()6 8.75263E-06 1.3426E-05
108 1.I0254E-07 " .77769&07 1 2863E-06 2,7 J 226E-06 4.93205E-06 8. 12208E-06 1.24588E-05
11 0 1.02"'52E-07 4.43959E-<l7 Ll 9527E-06 2.52032E-06 -' .58302£-06 7.5473E-06 l.l 577 I E..{)5
11 2 953277E-<l8 4.13087E-<l7 LII216E-06 2.J4506E-06 4.2M 33E..()6 7.0224 7E-06 1.0772E-<l5
11 4 8.88 12E-<l8 3.84852E-<l7 1.03614 E-06 2.18478E-06 3.972S6E-06 6.54249E-06 I.OO358E-<l5
11 6 8.28437£-08 3.58989E-07 9.66509E-07 203795E..()6 370587E..()6 6. 10282E..()6 9.36133E-06
11 8 7.73683£-08 3.35263E-07 9.02631E-07 1 90326E..()6 3A6094E..06 5.69947E-06 8.74262E-06
120 7 .2338E-08 3.13-l65E-07 8 ... 3943E-07 1 77951E-06 3.23592E-D6 5.3289E..06 8.174 19E-06
122 6.77099£-08 2.93409E-07 7.899-'8E-07 1 66566E-06 3.02889E..()6 4.98796E-06 7.6512IE-06
124 6.3446E-<lS 2.74933E-<l7 7... 0204E-07 1.56077E..()6 283S 15E-06 4.67386E-06 7. 1694E-06
126 595126£-08 257888E-07 6.94314E-07 1.46401£-06 2.6622E-06 4.384IE-06 6.72493E-06
128 5.587~4E-08 2 ... 21 .... E-07 6.51926E-07 1.37463£..06 2"'9967E-06 4.11645E-06 6.3 1437E-06
130 5.25192£-08 2.27583E-07 6. 12724E-07 1.29 I 97E..06 2.3 4936E..()6 3.8689 1E..Q6 5.93467E-06
132 494078E-08 2.14 1E-07 5.76424E-07 1.2 1543E-06 2.210 18E-06 3.6397 IE-06 5.5830SE..06
134 4 65235E-<l8 2.01602E-07 5 ... 2774E-07 1.144 4 ~E-06 2.08 11 5E-06 3.42723E-06 5.25715E-06
136 4.38466E-OS 1.90002E-<l7 5. 11543E-07 107863E-06 1.9614E-06 3.23003E-06 4.95466E-06
138 4 1)595£-OS 1.79224E-07 4.82527E-07 1.01744E-06 1.85015E..Q6 3.04681E-06 4.67362E-06
140 390462E-08 1.692E-07 455539E-07 9.60537E-07 1.74667E..()6 2.87641E..Q6 4.4 1222E-06
142 3.68925E-08 1.59867E-07 4.30412E-07 9.07555E-07 1.650J2E..()6 2.7 1775&06 4. 16885E-06
144 3.48852£-08 1.5 11 69E-07 4.06994E-07 858176E-07 1.56053E..()6 2.56988E-06 3.94203E-06
148 3.I264E-08 1.35477E-07 3.64747E-07 7.69094E-07 1.3 9854E..()6 2.303 1I E..()6 3.53283E-06
150 2.%2%E-<lS 1.28395E-07 3 45679£-07 7.28889E-07 1.32543E-06 2. 18272E-06 3.34815E-06
152 2.8 1007E-<l8 1.2177£-07 3.27841E-07 69 1277E-07 1.25704E-06 2.07008E-06 3.17538E-<l6
154 2.6669IE-08 1. 15566£-07 3. 1114E-07 6.S606E-<l7 I 193E-06 1.96462E-06 3.0 136 IE-06
156 2.53275E-08 1.0975]E-07 2.95488E-07 6.23057E-07 1.1 ]298E-06 1.86579E..Q6 2.8620IE-06
158 2 ...0693E-08 1.043£-07 2.80808E-07 5.92104 E-07 1.0767£-06 1.773 1£-06 2.7 1983E-06
160 2.28882E-08 9.91821E-08 2.67029E-07 563049E-07 102386E-06 1.686 1E-06 2.58636E-<l6
162 2.17787E-<l8 9.43742E-<lS 2.54084E-<l7 5.35755E-<l7 9.74232E-<l7 1.60436E-06 2.46099E-06
344
164 2,07156E-08 8.985"IE-08 2A191SE..(I7 5. 10095E-07 9.27571E-07 1.52752E-06 2 J43 12E-06
166 1.97542E-08 8.56014E-08 2.30465E-07 4.85953E-07 8.8367E-07 1 45522£-06 2.23222E-06
168 L88302E-08 8. 15974E-08 2.1%85E-07 4.63222E-07 8.4 2336E-07 1.J8716E-06 2. 1278 1E-06
170 1.795%E-08 V824JE-08 2.09528E-07 4.41805E-OJ 8.03391E-OJ 1.J2302E-06 202943E-06
172 1.71387E-08 7.42676E-08 1.99951E-07 4.2 16 12£-07 76667E-07 126255E-06 1.93667E-06
174 1.63642E-08 7.09 114E-08 1.909 15E-07 4.02559E-07 7.32024E-07 1.20549E4)6 1.R49 15E-06
176 1.56329E-08 6.77-'27E-08 i.82 384E-07 3 8457E-07 699313E-07 1.15 163E-06 1.76652E-06
178 1.49-121E"{)S 6.4J49E-OS 1.74324E-07 3675J5E-OJ 6 .68409E-OJ l.looJJE-06 L68846E-06
180 L4289E-08 6 . 19 189E-08 1.66705E-07 3.5 1509E-OJ 6.J9 194E-OJ L05262E-06 L6 1465E-06
182 1.367 12E-08 5.92417£-.08 I .S9-497E-{)7 ),)63 11E-07 6.11557E-07 1.0071IE-06 1.54484E-06
184 1.30864E-08 5.67077E-08 l.52675E-07 321925E-07 585398E-07 964031E-07 IA7876E.()6
186 1.25326E-08 5.43077E-08 1.462 13E·07 3.O!OOI E-07 ;.60623 E-07 9.2323 1E-07 '.416 18E-06
188 1.2ooJ7E-08 5.20JJ4E-08 1.4oo9E-07 2.95389E-07 5.37144E-07 8.84567E-OJ 13568JE.Q6
190 1.15 1E-08 4.98768E-08 1.J4284E-OJ 2.83 147E-OJ 514882E-OJ 8.47906E-07 1 30063E-06
192 1.10379E"()& 4.78309E-08 1,28775E-07 2.71532 E-OJ 4.93762E-07 8.13125E-07 1.24728E-06
194 1.05897E"()& ~ . 58888E-08 1. 23547E-07 2.60507E-07 ~ . 73713E"()7 7 80109£.07 1 I9664E-06
196 1.0164IE-08 ~ A04~2E"()8 I 18581E"()7 2.50036E..()7 ~ . 54672E..()7 748752E-07 1.1485~E..Q6
198 9.75957E-09 4.229 15E-08 1. 13862E..()7 2.40085E·07 4.36578E-07 7. 18955E-07 1.I 0283E~
200 9.375E-09 4.0625E-08 1.093J5E-OJ 2.30625E-07 4.19375E-OJ 6.90625E-OJ 1.05938E-06
Table 2: c, = 2
C2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I---
t
20 0.0005 0.0015 0 .0034 0 .0065 0.0111 0.01J5 0 .026
22 0000341507 0 .00102452 0.002322246 0 . OO~439587 0.007581449 O.oJ 1952735 0.01775835
24 0.000241127 0.00072338 0,00 163966 0.003 134645 0.005353009 0.008439429 0.01253858
26 0.000175064 0.000525192 0.001100435 0.002275831 0.0038864 19 0.006 127236 0.()(}9103323
28 0()()()130154 0OOO39().+62 0.000885<»8 0,001692003 0.002889421 0.004555394 0.006768013
30 9.87654E..()5 0 .0002%296 0.00067 1605 0 .001 28395 1 0.002 192593 0 .00345679 0.005135802
32 7.62939E"()5 0 .000228882 0.0005 18799 0.00099 1821 0 .001693726 0.0026J0288 0.003961285
34 5.98652E"()5 0.000 179596 0.000407083 OJ)00778247 0.001329007 0002095281 0.00311299
36 476299E-05 0.00014289 0.000323884 0.0006 19189 0.00 1057385 0.001667048 0.002476757
38 3.83668E"()5 0.000 1151 0.000260894 0,000498768 0.00085 17..13 0.00 1)..12838 OJ)(l 1995074
40 0 .00003125 0.00009375 0 .0002125 0.QOO.I0625 0 .00069375 0.001 09375 0.00 1625
42 25J095E-05 7.71284E-05 0.000174824 0 .000334223 0.00057075 0.000899831 0.001 336892
44 2 J34~2E-05 6A0325E-05 0.000 14514 O.OOO277~ 74 0.OOO.n38~ I 0.000747046 0.00 11 09897
46 1.7867 3E-D5 5.36019E-05 0.000121498 0.000232275 0.000396654 0 .000625355 0.000929099
48 1.50704E·05 4.52112E'()5 0.000102479 0 .000195915 0.000]34563 0.000527464 0.oooJ83661
345
50 0.0000128 0.000038-1 0.0000870' 0.000 166' 0.00028' 16 0.OOOH 8 0.0006656
52 1.094 I 5E'()5 3.282-15E-05 7 , .jQ22E-<l5 0.0001 ' 2239 0 .00024290 1 0.000382952 0.000568958
54 9A0838E.()6 2.8225IE-05 6.3977E-OS 0.000122309 0.000208866 0.000329293 0.000' 89236
56 8. 1H63E..Q6 2.-'4039E-05 5.53 155E-05 0,00010575 0.000 180589 O.OOO2~712 0.00042300 1
58 7.06933E-06 2. I 208E"(); ..s07 14E-<l5 9. I90J2E ..()5 0.000 156939 0.000247' 26 0.0003676(}5
60 6. J728' E-06 1.85 185E-<l5 ' . 19753E-<l5 8.02.169E-<l5 0.000 137037 0.0002 16049 0.000320988
62 5.4 U 06E-06 1.62422E-<l5 3.68 156E-<l5 7.03828E-<l5 0.000 120 192 0.000189492 0.00028153 1
64 -176837E-06 j ·n05IE-O; 3,242" 9E"()S 6. 19888E-05 0.000 I05858 0,000 166893 0'()00247955
66 4 .2 1 6I3E~ 1,2648-1E-O; 2.86697E-05 SA8097E-05 9.3 598 1E-05 0.000 1-17565 O.cXlO2 19239
68 3.74 157E.{)6 1, I2H7E-05 2.54427E-05 , 81>105E-<l5 8.30629E-<l5 0.000130955 0.000 194562
70 1.33J95E-06 9.9958' E-06 226572E-<l5 4.13I51E-<l5 7.39692E-<l5 0.000 1166 18 0.000173261
72 2.97687E-06 8.9306 1E-06 202-127E-05 3.86993E..Q5 6.60865E-<l5 0,00010-11 9 0.000154797
74 2.66786E-06 8.00358E-06 1.81-115E-05 ). 46822E-05 5.92265E'()S 9.33751E-O; 0 .000 138729
76 2.39793E-06 7. 19378E-06 [ .63059E"()5 3 I I 73E-05 5.32339E-OS 8.3927-1E"(); 0 .000124692
78 2. 16128E-06 6.48385E-06 1,46967E-OS 2.80967E-<l5 U9805E-<l5 7.56449E-OS 0.000 112387
80 1.953 13E-06 5.85938E-<l6 1.l28 13E-<l5 2.53906E-<l5 U359' E-<l5 6.83594E-<l5 0.00010 1563
82 1.769'3E-<l6 5.3083E-06 1.l0322E-<l5 2.3002 7E-<l5 3.928 15E-<l5 6. 19302E-<l5 9.20 106E-<l5
84 1,60684E-06 4.82052E-06 1.09265E-D5 2.08889E-05 3.567 19E-05 5.62J94E.()5 8 .J5557E-D5
86 1.4625E-06 ·U875E-06 9.945O I E-06 1.90125E-05 3.24675E.(I5 5.11875E..o5 7.6050 IE-05
88 1.3340 1E-06 4.00203E-06 9.07127E-06 173421E-05 2.9615E-<l5 4.66904E-05 6.93686E-<l5
90 1.l1933E-06 3.6;798E-06 8.29142E-06 1.585 12E-<l5 2.7069E-<l5 4.26764E-<l5 6.J405E-<l5
92 I.J 1671E-<l6 3.15012E-06 7.5936E-<l6 1. ' 5I72E-<l5 2. 47909E-<l5 3.90847E-<l5 580687E-<l5
94 i .02466E-06 J.07397E-06 6 .96767E-06 1.33205E-05 2.274 74E-05 3.S863E-<l5 5.32822E-<lS
96 9.4 1901£-07 2.8257E-06 6..JO..J92E-06 1.22447E"()5 2.09102E-05 3.29665E-D5 4.89788E.Q5
98 1\ 67333E-07 2.602E-06 5.89786E-06 1.1 2753E"()5 1.92548E-05 3.03566E-05 4.5 1013E-05
100 0.0000008 0000001' 0.000005" 0.000010' 0 .0000 1776 0.000028 0.0000416
102 7.39076E-<l7 2.21721E-06 5.02572E-06 9.60799E-06 1.1>I075E-<l5 2.58677E-<l5 3.8432E-<l5
104 6 .83843E-07 2.05 153 E-06 4.650 13E-06 8.88996E-06 1.5 1813E-<l5 2.39145E-<l5 3.55599E-<l5
106 6.33675E-07 1.90102E-06 4.30899E-06 8.23777E-06 1. 40676E-05 2.2 1786E-05 3.295 11E-05
108 5.88024E-07 1.76407E-06 3 99856£-06 7.64431 E-06 1.3054 1£-05 2.05808E-D5 3.05772E-05
11 0 5..J64I IE-07 1.63923E-06 1.7 1559E-06 7.10334E-<l6 1.21303E-<lS 1.9 1244E-05 2.84134E-05
11 2 5 . 084I ~ E-07 1 525HE-06 lA5722E-06 6.60939E-06 1.J 2868E-<l5 I.7m5E-<l5 2.64176E-<l5
11 4 4.73664E-07 1 42099E-06 1.22092E-06 61576JE-<l6 1.05 153E-<l5 1.65782E-<l5 2.46105E-<l5
11 6 4.4 1833E-07 1.3255E.Q6 3.00,,6E-06 '.74J83E-06 9.80869E-06 1.5464 2E-05 2.29753E-<l5
11 8 4.1263 1E-07 1.23789E..()6 2.80589E-06 5.3642£-06 91604 IE-06 1.4442IE-05 2. 14568E-05
120 3.85802E-07 1.1574IE-06 2.623.16E-06 5.0 1543E-06 8.5648 I E-06 1.35031E-05 2.006 17E-<l5
122 3.6 1119E-07 1.08336E-06 2.4556 1E-06 4.694 55E..()6 8.0 1685E-06 1.26392E-05 1.87782E-<l5
124 3.38179E-<l7 1.0 1514E-06 2.30098E-06 U9893E-<l6 7.5 120 IE-06 1.J 1!433E-<l5 1. 75957E-<l5
126 3. 1740 lE-07 952202E-<l7 2.IS832E-06 ' .1262IE-06 7.0.I629E-06 1. I I09E-05 1.65048E-<l5
346
128 2.98023E-<l7 8.9.w7E~7 2.02656E.()6 3.87' 3E<l6 6.6 16 12E<l6 1.0' 308E~5 1.54972E~5
130 2 . 80I02E~7 8 ..w307E~7 1.9047E-06 3 . M133E~ 62 1827E.()6 9.80358E<l6 1.45653E~5
132 2 . 63 508E~7 7 . 90525E~7 1.79186E-06 3'256IE.()6 5.S.988E.()6 9 22279E.()6 1.37024E~5
134 2.48 125E-07 7.4437.sE-07 1.68725E-06 3.22563E.()6 5.50838E-06 868438E.()6 1.29025E~5
136 2.33848E~7 7.01545E.()7 1.5!X) 17E-06 J .04003E-06 5. 19143E-06 8. 18469E..Q6 1.2 160 IE-OS
138 2.20584E.{)7 6.6175IE~7 1.49997E.()6 2.86759E.()6 4.8%96E-06 7.72043E.()6 1.14 704E~5
140 2.0S2.f7E..()7 6.247-1E.()7 IAI608E-06 27072IE.()6 4.62307E-06 7 .2S863E-06 l.08288E-O,S
142 1.%76~ 7 5 .9028~7 1.33797E-06 2.55788E-06 4.36807E.Q6 68866E.()6 1.02315E-O:5
144 1.86054E-07 5.58163E-07 1.16517E-06 2.41871&06 4.1304IE-06 6,S1191E-06 9.67483E-06
148 1.6614 IE ..07 5.00224E..()7 1.1338. E.()6 2 . 167ME~6 3.70166E<l6 5.83594E~6 8.67055E.()6
150 I. 58025E-07 4.7407-1E..()7 1.07457E-06 2.05·B2E-06 3.50815E<l6 5. 53086E<l6 8.11728E~6
152 14981£-07 4496IIE-07 1.0 19 12E-06 1.9.83 IE.()6 3.327 12E-06 S.24's-ME-06 7.79326E.()6
154 J 42235E-07 4 26706E~7 9.67 199E-<l7 I 84906E-06 3.1576 2E<l6 -I97823E-06 7.3962 3E.()6
156 1.3508E~7 -1 ,0524 J E...()7 9. UI545E-07 1.75604E-06 2.99878E.()6 " .7278IE-06 7.02-1 17E.{)6
158 1.28369E~7 3.85108E~7 8.729I2E-07 1.6688E-06 2.8498E-06 4.49293E.()6 6 .6752 IE<l6
160 1.2lO7E~7 3 . 6621IE~7 8.30078E-<l7 1.5869 1E-06 2.709%E-06 4.27246E-06 6.34766E-06
162 1.1 61 53E-07 3 .4~59E.()7 7.89839E'()7 1 50999E.()6 2.57859E-06 " . 06535E~ 6.0399SE-06
164 1. 1059E-07 3. 31769E-07 7.5201E--07 143767E-06 2A5S09E-06 3 87064E.()6 5.75066E.()6
166 1. 05 3 56e~7 3. 16067E-07 7.164 18E..()7 1.36962E-06 2.33889E<l6 3.68745E.()6 5.47S.9E-06
168 1.00428E~7 3.01283E-07 6.82907E~7 1.30556E·06 2.229' 9E<l6 3.5 1 496E~6 5.22223E<l6
170 9.5784 3E-08 2.87353E..()7 6 . 51333E~7 l.2452£.06 2. 1264 IE<l6 3 . 35245E~ 4.98078E.()6
172 9.1.$063E-08 2.74219E"()7 6. 21563E~7 1.1 8828E.()6 2.02922E.()6 3. I 9922E..Q6 4.753I3E.()6
174 8.72756E...(I8 261827E..()7 5.93474E...(I7 I. 13458E4>6 1 93752E.()6 3.05465E-06 453833E.()6
176 8.33757E-08 2.50 127E-07 5.66955Em 1.08388E.()6 1.8509'E.()6 2.91815E.()6 4.33553E..Q6
178 7 . 9691 I E~8 2.39073E-07 5 . 419E~7 1.03598E-06 1.769 14 E~6 2.789 19E-06 4. 14394E.()6
180 7 . 6lO7 9E~8 228624E...(I7 5 . 18214E~7 9.90703E~7 1.69182E<l6 266728E.()6 3.9628 IE.()6
182 7.29129E-08 2. 18739E..()7 4.95808E"()7 9.-47868E-07 1.6 1867E-06 2.551 95E-06 3.79147E-06
184 6.979" I E-08 2 Ot)382E-07 4.746E-07 907323E-07 1 . 549~3E.{)6 H4279E<l6 3.62929E-06
186 6.6840]E-OS 2.0052IE-07 4.54514E...(I7 8.68924E-07 1. 48385E~ 2.3394 IE.()6 3.47569E-06
188 6,4o.t11E-08 1.92 123E"()7 4.35479E~7 8.32534E~7 1.42 17 1E-06 2.24 W E<l6 3.330 14E.()6
190 6 . 13869E~8 1.84 16 1E"()7 4. 17431E-07 7 . 98029E~7 1.36279E<l6 2. 14854E<l6 3.19212E<l6
192 5 . 88688E~8 I.76606E~ 7 4 .00308E~7 7.65294E-07 1.30689E-06 2.(1604 1E-06 3.06IISE.()6
194 5.6471S5E-OS 1.69435E-07 3.84054E-07 7.3422E-07 125382E-06 1.97675E..()6 2.93688E-06
196 5.42083E~8 1.62625Em 3.686 16E-07 7.04708E-07 1.20342E-06 1.89729E-06 281883E-06
198 5 . 205IE~8 1.56153E-07 3.53947E..()7 6.76663E..()7 1.15553E<l6 1.82 1 79E ~6 2.70665E~6
200 0 .00000005 0 .00000015 0 .0000003. 0 .00000065 0 .000001 11 0.()(X)()()175 0 .0000026

347
The probability of this event is 4( ql)3(l-ql) + (q2)4, where ql
following table of values, where the values of the basic probabilities
are listed in increments of 0.005, ranging from 0.005 to 0.100 for ql
and from 0.005 to 0.350 for q2' and each table lists seven values of
q2'
Tables of values for the probability ofa specific symbol three times or any
payline
Table 1: q2 from 0.005 to 0.035

0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
- ql
q2
0.005 6747SE-06 5.075E-07 5...18125E...()7 6.575&07 8.88 125E-07 1.3075E-06 1.998 13E-06
0.0 1 0 .0000102 1 0 .00000397 4 .0 1063E-06 0.000004 12 4.35063 E <l6 0 .00000477 5.46063E<l6
0.0 15 1.95475E-05 1.3 3075E-05 l.3348 1E-05 1.34575E-05 1.3688 I E'()5 1...11075E-05 1.4798IE-05
0.02 000003761 0.00003137 3. 1"I06E-05 0.00003 152 3. 17506E-05 0 .00003217 3. 28606E'{)5
0.025 6.71875E-05 6.09.o5E-05 6 .09881E.{)5 6. 10975E-05 6. 1328 IE-05 6. 17-1 75E-05 6.2438IE'();
003 0 .000 11101 0.00010477 0.00010481 1 0.00010-1 92 0 .00010515 1 0 .00010557 0.000 10626 1
0035 0.000171748 0 .0001 65508 0.000 165548 0.000 165658 0 .000165888 0.000 166308 0.000166998
0.04 0 .00025201 O.OOOH577 0.00024581 1 0(0)24592 0 .000246 15 1 0 .00024657 0.00024 7261
0.045 0.000354348 O.O(Xn4S \08 0.000) 48148 0 .000348258 0 .000348488 0 .000348908 0.000349598
0.05 0 .00048125 O.()()0.4750 1 O .OOO~ 7505 1 O . 000~ 7516 O . 000~ 7539 1 0 . ~758 1 0 .000476501
0.055 0.000635 148 0 .000628908 0.000628948 0.000629058 0 .000629288 0 .000629708 0 .000630398
0.06 0.0008 184 1 0 .00081217 0 .000812211 0 .00081232 0 .00081255 1 0.0008 1297 0 .0008 13661
0.065 0.001033 348 0 .001027108 0.00 1027 148 0 .00 1027258 0 .001027-'88 0 .001027908 0 .00 1028598
0.07 0 .00 128221 0 .00127597 0.00 127601 1 0 .00127612 0 .00127635 1 0 .00127677 0 .00 1277461
0075 0.00 1567 188 O.OOI.)6()9-'8 0.00 1560988 0 .001561098 0 .00156 1328 0 .00 156 1748 0 .00 1 562~38
0.08 0.00 189041 0 .00188417 0 .001884211 0 .00188432 0 .00188455 1 0 .00188497 0.00 188566 1
0.085 0 .002253948 0 .002247708 0.002247748 0 .002247858 0 .002248088 0 .002248508 0.002249 198
348
0.09 0'<)0265981 0.00265357 0.0026536 11 0.00265]72 0 .0026539.5 1 000265437 0.OO265S061
0.095 O.OOJ 109948 0.OOl 1OJ708 0.003103748 0.003103858 0.003104088 0003104508 0.003 105198
0. 1 0.00360625 0.0036000 1 0.003600051 0.003600 16 0.003600391 0.0036008 1 0.00360 150 1
Table 2: q2 from 0.040 to 0.070

q2 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070
q,
0.005 3 .0 575 E~ .... 59813E-06 6.7475E.Q6 9 .6481 3E~ 1.34575E-05 1.8348 1E'()5 2A5075E.()5
om 0.00000652 8.06063E-06 0,0000 1021 UI106E~5 Q,()(X)() 1692 218106E-O.5 0,00002791
0.0 15 1.585 75E.()5 1.7398 IE"{)5 1.95475E-05 22448 IE..()S 2.62575E-05 J. 11481E-05 3.73075E-05
0.Q2 0.00003391 1.54606E.Q5 0.00003 761 4.05 106E-OS 0.00004432 4.92106E-O.5 0.00005537
0.Q25 6.34975E'()5 6.50381E.Q5 6.7 1875E'()5 7.00881E.()5 7.38975E-05 787881E'()5 8A9475E'()5
0.D3 0.000 10732 0.000108861 0.00011 10 1 0.0001ll91 1 0.00011772 0.000122611 0.00012877
0.035 0.000 168058 0.000 169598 0.000 171748 0.000 174648 O . OOO I 784 5~ 0.000 183348 0.000 189.508
0.04 O.OOOH832 00002-19861 0.00025201 0 ,0002549 11 0 .00025872 00002636 11 0.00026977
0.045 0.000350658 0.000352198 0.00035-1348 0.0003 57248 0.00036 1058 0000365948 0 ,000372 108
0.05 0.00)47756 0.00047910 1 0.000481 25 0.000484 151 0.00048796 0.000492851 0.0004990 1
0.055 0.00063 1458 0.000632998 0.00063 5148 0.000638048 0.000641858 0.0<J06.I6748 0.000652908
0.06 0,00081 472 0.0008 16261 0.0008 1841 0.000821311 0000825 12 000083001 1 0.000836 17
0.065 0.001029658 0.001031198 0,00 1033348 0.001036248 0.00 1040058 O . (X)l04~ 9~8 0.00105 1108
0.07 0.00127852 0.00 1280061 0.001 28221 0.001285111 0.00 128892 0.00129381 1 0.00129997
0.D75 0 .OOIS63 ~ 98 0.00 1565038 0.0015671 88 0001570088 0001573898 0001578788 0.001584948
0.08 0.00188672 0.001888261 0.00 1890-' 1 000 18933 11 0001897 12 0.001902011 0.001908 17
0.085 0.002250258 0.002251798 0.002253948 0 . 0022568~ 8 0.002260658 0.002265548 0.0022 71708
0.09 O.l)()265612 0002657661 0.0026598 1 0.0026627 11 000266652 0 . OO2671~ 11 0.0026n57
0.095 0.003 106258 0.003 107798 0.003 10994. 0.0031 12848 0.OOJ II 6658 0.00312 1548 0.(0)127708
0.1 0.00360256 0.003604101 0.00360625 0.00)60915 1 0.00361296 0.003617851 0.0036240 1
Table 3: q2 fro m 0.075 to 0.1 05

0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100 0.105
-ql
q2
0.005 3.2 J38 IE'()5 4.14575E'()5 5.2698 1E-05 6.6107SE.()5 8. 19481E-05 0.000100498 0.000 122048
0.0 1 3.56006E'()5 0.()()()()+l92 5.6 1606E-05 0.00006957 854106E.()5 0.00010396 0.000 125511
0.015 4.49181E-OS S.42S75E-OS 6 . 5~98 IE-05 7.89075E-OS 9 47481E.()5 000011J298 0.000134848
0.02 6.30006E'()5 O.OOOO72J2 8 35606E'()5 0.00009697 0.000 11 2'11 0.000 1JlJ6 0.000 152911
0025 9.2S78 1E-OS 0.000 101898 0.000 113138 0.000 126548 0.000 14 2388 0.000160938 0.000 182488
0.03 0.000 13640 1 0 . OOO I~5 72 0, 000 156961 0.00017037 0,0001862 11 0.00020476 0.0002263 11
349
0.035 OJ)(lO 197 138 O . OOO206~ 58 0.000217698 0 ,0002] 1108 0 .000246948 0 .000265-198 0 .000287048
0.04 0.000277-101 0.00028672 0000297961 0.0003 11 37 0 .00032721 1 0.00034576 0.0003673 11
0.045 0.000379738 0 ,000389058 0 .000400298 0,0004 13708 0 .000429548 0 .000448098 0 .000469648
0.05 0.000506641 0 .00051596 0.00052720 1 0.0005406 1 0 .00055645 1 0 .000575 0 .000596551
0.055 0.000660538 0 .000669858 0 .00068 1098 O.l)()()694508 0 .0007 i0348 (),00Q728898 0 .000750448
0.06 0.00084380 1 0 .00085312 0,00086-1361 0 .00087777 0 .00089361 1 0.000912 16 0.000933711
0.065 0.00 1058738 0 .001068058 0.00 1079298 0 .001092708 0.00 11085-18 0 .00 1121098 0.001 148648
0.07 0.00 1) 0760 I 000131692 0.001328161 0.001 34157 0 .001357-111 0.00137596 0.00139751 1
0.075 0.00 1592578 0 .001601898 0 .00 16131 38 0 .001626548 0.00 1642388 0 .00 1660938 0.001682488
0.08 0.00 19 15801 0 .00 192512 0.00 1936361 0 .00194977 0.0019656 11 0.00 1984 16 0 .0020057 11
0.085 0 .002279338 0 .002288658 0 .002299898 0.0023 13308 0 .0023291 48 0 .002347698 0 .002369248
0.09 0.00268520 I 0 _00269-152 0 .002705761 0 .0027 1911 0 .0027350 II 0.00275356 0.002775 11 J
0.095 0 .003 135338 0 .00] 144658 0003155898 000) 169308 0 .003 185 148 0.(0320)698 0.003225248
0. 1 OJ)(}363 164 ! 0 .003640% 0.003652201 000366561 0 .003681451 0 .0037 0.003721551
Table 4: q2 fro mO.lIOtoO. 140

q2 0.110 0.115 0.120 0.125 0.130 0.135 0. 140
~
ql
0.005 0.000 146908 0.000 175398 0 .000207858 0 .000244638 0 .000286108 0 .000332648 0.00038465.
0.0 1 0 .000 15017 0 .000 17886 1 0.0002 1132 OOOOHS IOI 0 .00028957 0 .000336 111 0 .000388 12
0.0 15 0.000 159708 0 .000 188 198 0 .000220658 0 .000257438 0.000298908 0 .00034544 8 0 .000397458
0.02 0 .000 17777 0.00020626 1 0.00023872 0.000275501 0 .00031697 0 .0003635 11 0.00041552
0.025 0 .000207348 0 .000235838 0 .000268298 0.000305078 0 .000346548 0 .000393088 0 .000445098
0.03 0.00025 11 7 0 .00027966 1 0.0003 12 12 0.00034890 1 0.00039037 0 .0004369 11 0 .00048892
0.035 0 .000311908 0 .000340398 0.000372858 0.00040%38 0 .000451108 0.000497648 0.000549658
0.04 0.000392 17 0 .0004 2066 1 0.00045312 0.00048990 1 0 .0005J137 0.0005779 1 1 0 .00062992
0.045 O.0()049H08 0 .000522998 00005554 58 0.000592238 0 .000633708 0.000680248 0.000732258
0.05 0.00062141 0 .00064990 1 0.00068236 0.0007 19 14 1 0.00076061 0.000807 15 1 0 .000859 16
0.055 0.000775308 0 .000803798 0 .000836258 0.000873038 Q.()OO91 4508 0 .000%1048 0.0010130.58
0.06 0.00095857 0 .00098706 1 0 .00 10 1952 000105630 1 0 .00109777 0 .001 1443 11 0.001 19632
0.065 0.00 1173508 0 .001201998 0.00 1234458 0.001271238 0 .001 3 12708 0 .001359248 0.001411258
0.07 0.001 42237 0 .001 4 5086 1 0.00148332 0.001520 10 1 0 .00156157 0.00 1608 111 0.00 1660 12
0075 0.00 1707348 0.00 1735838 0 .00 1768298 0001805078 0 .001846548 0 .001893088 0 .00 1945098
0.08 0.00203057 0.00205906 1 0.00209 152 0.002 128301 0002 16977 0 .0022 1631 1 0 .00226832
0.085 0.002394108 0 .002422598 0.002455058 0.00249 1838 0.002533308 0 .0025798-'8 0 .00263 1858
0.09 0.00279997 0.00282846 1 0.00286092 0002897701 0 .002939 17 0 .00298571 1 0 .00303772
0.095 0 .003250108 0.003278598 0.0033 110.58 0 .003347838 0 .003389308 0 .003435848 0.OO34S7858
0.1 0 .OO37.ul4 1 0 .00377490 1 0 .00380736 0.003 844141 0 .00388561 0 .003932 15 1 0 .003984 16
350
Table 5: q2 from 0.1 45 to 0.175
0.145 0.150 0.155 0.160 0.165 0. 170 0.175
q2
I--
q,
0.005 0.0004425..l8 0.0005067.1.8 0.000577698 0 .000655858 O.<XlO7·U 698 0000835708 0000938388
0.0 1 0.0004460 11 0.0005102 1 0.00058 116 1 0 ,00065932 O . OOO7 ~ 5 1 6 1 0.00083917 0 .00094 185 1
0.015 0.000455348 0 .000519548 0,000590498 0000668658 0 .000754-'98 0.000&48508 0 .00095 1188
0.02 0.000-'734 11 0.()0053761 0 .00060856 1 0 .00068672 0.000772561 000086657 0 .000%9251
0.G25 0.000502988 0 .0005671 88 0.0006381 38 0 .0007 16298 0.000802138 0 .000896 14 8 0.000998828
0.03 0'()005468 11 0.00061101 OJ)0068196I 0 .00076012 0.000845961 0.00093997 0.00 104265 1
0.035 0 .000607548 0.000671 7'*8 0 .000742698 0 .000820858 0 .000906698 0001000708 0 .001103388
0.04 0 .0006878 11 0.0007520 1 0.00082296 1 0,00090 112 O.t)()098696 I 0 .00108097 0 .00 11 8365 1
0.045 0,000790 148 0.00085.4148 0 .000925298 0.001003458 0 .001089298 0,001183308 0 .00 1285988
0. 05 0.00091705 1 0.0009812; 0 .001052201 0 .00113036 0001216201 0.00131021 000 1"' 12891
0.055 0.00 1070948 0.00 1135 148 0.00 1206098 0 .00 12&4258 0 .00 1370098 0 .00 1464 108 0 .00 1566788
0.06 O.OOI25Ull 0 .00 131841 0,00 138936 1 0 .00 146752 0 .00155336 1 0.00 164737 0 .00175005 1
0.065 0,001469148 0.00 1533348 0 .001604298 0 .001682458 0,001768298 0 .001862308 0 .001964988
0.07 0.00 17 180 11 0.00 17822 1 0.00 1853 16 1 0.00 193 132 0.0020 1716 1 0.002 11117 00022 13851
0075 0.002002988 0.002067 188 0.002138138 OJX)22 16298 0.002302138 0.002396 148 0.002498828
0.08 0.002326211 0.00239041 0.OO2 ~61361 0.00253952 0.002625361 0.00271937 0.00282205 1
0.085 0 .002689748 0 .002753948 0.002824898 0.002903058 0.002988898 0.003082908 0.003 135588
0.09 0.0030956 11 0.0031598 1 0.003230761 0.00330892 0.00339476 1 0.00348877 0.00359 1451
0.095 00035--1-574S 00036(1)9--1-8 0 .003680898 0 .003759058 0.003844898 0.003938908 0.0040--1-1588
0. ' 0.00404205 1 0.004 1!XI25 0.004 177201 0.00425536 0.00--1-3--1- 1201 0.0044352 1 0.00453789 1
Table 6: q2 from 0.180 to 0.210

q2 0.1 80 0.185 0.190 0.195 0.200 0.205 0.2 10
~
q,
0.005 0 .001050258 0.001 171848 0.00 1303 708 0.001446398 0.001600498 0.00 1766598 0.00 1945308
0.01 0.00105372 0.0011 753 11 0.00 1307 17 0.00 144986 1 0.00 160396 0.00 177006 1 0.00 194877
0.0 15 0.001063058 0.00 118--1-648 0.001316508 0.00 1459 198 0.001613298 0.001779398 0.00 1958108
0.02 000108112 0001202711 0.00133457 0.001477261 0.00163136 0.001797-'61 0 .00197617
0.025 0.00 1110698 0.00 1232288 0.OOI3CH148 0.00 1506838 0.001660938 0.00 1827038 0.002005748
0.03 0.00 115452 0.00 1276 111 0.00 140797 0.0015.50661 0.OO 17W76 0.00 I M70861 0.00204957
0.Q35 0001215258 0.0013368--1-8 0.00 1~7 08 0.001611398 0.00 1765498 0.001931598 0.002 11 0308
0.04 0.00129552 OJ)() 14 17 I I I 0.00 154897 0.00 169 1661 0.00 184576 0 .00201186 1 0 .002 19057
0.045 0.00 1397858 0.00 1519448 0 .001651308 0.001793998 0.00 1948098 0.002 114 198 0.002292908
351
0.05 O.OO 15H76 Q,OOliH6)5 1 0.00177821 0.00192090 1 0 .002075 0.002241101 0.00241981
0.055 0.001678658 0.(11:)1800148 0.001932 108 0.002074798 0 ,002228898 0.002394998 0.002573708
0.06 Q,OOI86 I 92 0.00198351 1 0 .00211537 0.002258061 000241216 0.00257826 1 0 ,00275697
0.065 0.002076858 0 .002198448 0 ,002330308 0.002472998 0.002627098 OJ)()2793198 O.()02971908
0.07 0.00232572 0.0024-'1311 0.00257917 0.002721861 0.00287596 0.0030.2061 0.00322077
0.075 0.002610698 0.002732288 0.00286.1.8 0.003006838 0.003160938 0.003327038 0.003505748
0.08 0.00293 ] 92 0 .0030555 11 0.00318737 0.003330061 0 . 003.~16 0.003650261 0.00382897
0.085 0.003297-158 0.0034190"8 0003550908 0.003693598 0 .0038"7698 O.()()..1.013798 0.004 192508
0.09 0.00370332 0.00382-1911 0.00395677 O.()()..1.099-161 0.0<»25356 0.0<»4 1966 1 0.00459837
0.095 0.OOll m58 0.0042750"8 O . ~.06908 0 . ~5 . 9598 0 . ~703698 0 . ~869798 0.005048508
0.1 0 . ~~976 0~77135 1 0 .~90321 0.0050.5901 0.0052 0.005366101 0.0055+181
Table 7: q2 from 0.215 to 0.245
q2 0.215 0.220 0.225 0.230 0.235 0.240 0.245

I---
ql
0.005 0.002137H8 0.002343058 0.002563388 0.002798908 0.00)050298 0.003318258 0.003603 498
0.01 0 .0021407 11 0 .002) 4652 0 .002566851 0.00280237 0.003053761 0,00332172 0.003606961
0.015 O.OO215()()48 0.002 355858 0 .002576188 0.002811708 O'(JO)063098 0 .00]33 1058 0.0036 16298
0.02 0.002 1681 11 0.00237 392 0.002.594251 0. 00282977 0.cX)J081 161 0.00334912 0.00363436 1
0.D25 0002197688 0.ooH03498 0.002623828 0.0028593.8 0.003ll0738 0.003378698 0.003663938
003 00022415 11 0.002 .. 732 0.00266765 1 0.00290317 0.0031;.561 0.003.2252 0.00370776 1
0035 0002302248 0.002508058 0.002728388 0.002963908 0.003215298 0.003483258 0.003768. 98
0.04 0.0023825 1) 0.00258832 0002808651 0.003Q4.4 17 0.00329556 1 0.00356352 0.00384876 1
0.045 0.002484848 O.OO269Cl658 0002910988 0.003146508 0.003397898 0.003665858 0.003951098
0.05 0.002611751 0.00281756 0.003037891 00032734 1 0.003 524801 0.00379276 0. ~078oo l
0.055 0.002765648 0.002971 .58 000319 1788 0.003.27308 0.003678698 0.0039. 6658 0 . ~231898
0.06 0.0029.89ll 0.00315.72 0.00337505 1 00036 1057 0.00386196 1 0 . ~12992 0 . ~415 1 6 1
0.065 00031638-18 0.00336%58 0.003589988 0.003825508 0 .~076898 0.~344858 0.lXM630098
007 0.0034127 11 0.00361852 0.003838851 000407437 0.()()...t32576 1 0.00459372 0.00487896 1
0075 0003697688 0.003903498 0.()()4123828 0.004 359348 0.QO..I6 10738 0 . ~878698 0.005163938
0.08 O.OQ..W209 11 0.OOU2672 0.00...... 47051 000... 68257 0.00493396 1 0.00520192 0.005.87 16 1
0.085 o QO..I384448 0 . ~590258 0.004810588 0OO5CJ.Ui 108 0.005297-198 0.005565.58 0.005850698
0.09 0.00-179031 1 0.00-1996 12 0.005216451 0.00545197 0.00570336 1 0.00597132 0.00625656 1
0.095 0.0052 ...0...... 8 0.005446258 0.005666588 0.005902108 0.006153498 0.(){)(H2 14 58 0.006706698
0.1 0.005736751 0.00594256 0.006 16289 1 0.006398. 1 0.0066. 980 1 0.00691776 0.00720300 I
352
Table 8: q2 from 0.250 to 0.280
q2 0.250 0.255 0.260 0.265 0.270 0.275 0.280

~
ql
0.005 O.OO39067-tS O.00422t1748 0.004570258 0 .004932048 0.005 314908 0.0057 19638 0 .006 147058
0.01 0.00391021 0.0042312 11 0.00457372 00049355 11 0.0053 1837 0 .00572310 1 0.006 15052
0.DI5 0.0039 195. 8 0.0042415-'8 0 .004583058 00049+4848 0.005327708 0.005732438 0.006 159858
0.02 0.00393761 0.004259611 0 .00460112 0.004962911 0.00534577 0.005750501 0.00617792
0.025 0.003967 188 0,004289 188 0.004630698 O.()()..l992488 O.OOS37'sH8 0005780078 0.006207498
0.03 0.0(»0 11 0 1 0 .0043330 11 0 .00467452 0 ,0050363 11 0.0054 1917 0.005823901 0.00625 132
0035 O.()().4071748 O,()().4393748 O.()O4735 258 0 .005097048 0.005479908 0.005884638 0,006312058
0.04 0 .00415101 Q, OOW74011 0.00481552 0.0051773 11 0.00556017 0.005964901 0.00639232
0.045 0.0<»254348 0.004576348 0.001917858 0.005279648 0.005662508 0.006067238 0.006494658
0.05 0.00438 125 0.004703251 0.0050'476 0.005. 06551 0.0057894' 0.006194 141 0.00662 156
0.055 O.U04,535 148 0 .004857 148 0 .005 198658 0 .005560448 0.005943308 O.006J..l.8038 0.006775458
0.06 O.()()47 1S4' 0.005040411 0.00538192 0 .0057437 11 0.006 12657 0 .00653130 1 0.00695872
0.065 0.004933348 0.005255348 0.005596858 0,005958648 0.006341508 0.006746238 0.007173658
0.07 0.00518221 0.00550421 1 0.00584572 0.006207511 0.00659037 0.00699510 1 0.007.2252
0.075 0 .005467188 0.005789188 0.006130698 0.006492488 O.00687S348 0.007280078 0.007707498
0.08 0.00\79041 0.0061 124 11 0.00645392 0.0068 157 11 0.007 19857 0.007603301 0.00803072
0.085 0.006 153948 0.006475948 0.006817458 0.007 179248 0.007562 108 0.007966838 0.008394258
0.09 0.00655981 0.006881811 0.00722332 0.007585111 000796797 0.00837270 1 0.008800 12
0.095 0.007009948 0.007331948 0.007673458 0.00803 5248 Ooos.tl81OS 0.008822838 0.009250258
0. 1 0.00750625 0.007828251 0.008 16976 0.008.53 1551 0.0089 1441 0.009319141 0.00974656
Table 9: q2 from 0.285 to 0.315
q2 0.285 0.290 0.295 0.300 0.305 0.310 0.315
ql
0.005 OJ)()6597998 0.007073308 0.00757) 848 0.OOH 100498 0.008654 148 0.009235708 0.009846098
0.01 0.00660 1461 0.00707677 0.007.5773 11 0.008 10396 00086576 11 0.009239 17 0.00984956 1
0.0 15 0.0066 10798 0.007086108 0.007586648 0.008113298 0.008666948 0.009248508 0.009858898
002 0.006628861 0.007 104 17 0.007604711 0.0081J136 0.008685011 0.00926657 0.009876961
0.025 0.0066.58438 0.007133748 0.007634288 0.008 160938 0.008714588 0.009296 148 0.009906538
0.03 0.006702261 0.007177.57 0.007678 111 0.00820476 0.0087584 11 0.00933997 0.00995036 1
0.035 0.006762998 0.007238308 0.007738848 0.008265.98 0.0088 19 148 0.009400708 0.0 100 11098
0.04 0.()()68;3261 0.00731857 0.0078 19 111 0.00834576 0008899411 0.009.8097 0.0 1009136 1
0.045 0.0069. 5598 0.007420908 0.00792 1448 0.008448098 0009001748 0.009583308 0.0 10193698
353
0.05 0.007072501 O.OO75~781 0.00804835 1 0.008575 0.009128651 0.00971021 0.01032060 1
0.055 0.007226398 0.007701708 0.0082022-'8 0.008728898 0 .009282548 0.00986" 08 0.010474498
0.06 0.00740966 1 0,00788-1 97 0.008)85511 0.0089 121 6 0.009-16581 1 0,0 100-1737 0.01065776 1
0.065 0.0076)4598 0.008099908 0.008600-1.48 0.009127098 0,0096807-18 0.010262308 0 .010872698
007 0.00787346 1 0 .00834877 0.0088",,9311 0.00937596 0.0099296 11 0.01051117 0.0 11 121561
0075 0.0081584 38 0 ,008633748 0 .0091 3.$288 0.009660938 0 .0102 14 588 0.010796 148 0.0 11 406538
0.08 0.008481661 0.00895697 0.009-15751 1 0 .00998"1 6 0 .0105378 11 0.011 11 937 0 .0 11 729761
0.085 0.0088-1 5198 0.009320508 0.0098210.' 0.0103-17698 0.0109013.8 0.011482908 0.0 12093298
0.09 0.00925106 1 0 .00972637 0.0 10226911 0.01075356 0,01130721 1 0.0 1188877 0.0 1H99 161
0.095 0.009701198 0.010 176508 0.0 10677048 0.011203698 0.011757348 0.012338908 0.012949298
0. 1 0.010197501 0.01 067281 0.0 11 173351 0.0117 0 .01225365 1 0.0128352 1 0 ,0134-'560\
Table 10: q2 from 0.320 to 0.350

0.320 0.325 0.330 0.335 0.340 0.345 0.350
-
ql
q2
0.005 0.010-'86258 0.01 11 57138 0.0 11 859708 001259-'9-'8 0.0 13363858 0.014 167448 0.0 15006748
0.0 1 0.01<»8972 0.011 16060 1 0.0 11 863 17 00125984 11 0.01 336732 0.0 1.-1 709 11 0.01501021
0.0 15 0.0 1<»99058 0.011 169938 0.0 11 872508 0.0126077-48 0.013376658 0.0 14 180248 0.0 150 195-'8
0.02 0.0 10517 12 0.011 188001 0.0 11 89057 0.012625811 0.01339.72 0.014 1983 11 0.01503761
0.025 0.0 10546698 0.011217578 0.0 11920 148 0.012655388 0.013 42H98 0.0 14 227888 0.0 150671 88
0.03 0.0 1059052 0.011261-'0 1 0.0 11 % 397 0.0126992 11 0.013-46812 0.01-'27 1711 0.01511101
0.035 0.0 1065 1258 0.Q11322 138 0.0 1202-'708 0.0127599-'8 0.013528858 0.0 14332448 0.0 1.5171748
0.04 0.01073 152 0.01 1402-'0 1 0.0 1210497 0.0128-'0211 0.01360912 0.0 14-412 7 11 0.0 152520 1
0.045 0.0 10833 858 0.0115Q.1738 0.0 12207308 0.0129-'25-48 0.01371 1-'.58 0.0'-'S I5Q.1S 0.0 1.53S-,348
0.05 0.010%076 0.011 63 1641 0.01233.21 0.013069"1 0.01383836 0.01464 195 1 0.0 1548125
0.055 0.0 11114658 0.011785538 0.0 1H88 1OS 0.01 32233.8 0.013992258 0.0 1-'7958-'8 0.0 15635 148
0.06 0.01 129792 0011968801 0.0 1267137 0.0 134(}(>6 11 0.01417552 0.01-'97911 1 0.01581841
0.065 0.0 11512858 0.012 183738 0.0 12886308 0.01362 15-'8 0.014390-'.58 0.015 19-4(}.18 0.0 1603)348
0.07 0.0 11 76172 0.012.02601 0.0 13 13517 0013870-'1 1 0.01-'63932 0.0 154429 11 0.0 162822 1
0.D75 0.0 120-46698 0.012717578 0.0 13-420 148 0.01-4 155388 0.01-4924198 0.015727888 0.0 165671 88
0.08 0.0 1236992 0.01 30-4-0801 0.01374337 0.0144786 11 0.0152-4752 0.01605 1111 0.0 1689041
0.085 0.0 12733-'58 0.013-40-'338 0.01-1106908 0.014842 148 0.0156 110.58 0.0164146-'8 0.0 172539-48
0.09 0.01313932 0.01381020 1 0.0 1-'51277 0.015248011 0.01601692 0.0 168205 11 0.01765981
0.095 0.0 13589-' 58 0.01.260338 0.0 14962908 0.015698 1-48 0.016467058 0.01727()6.tS 0.0 18109948
0.1 0.0 1408576 0.0147566-11 0.0 1545921 0.016 194451 0.01696336 0.0 1776695 1 0.0 1860625
354
2.1 Event El - A specific symbol four times

The probability of El is P(El )=q;q~q~qt , where q; , qI2, q;, qt
respectively.
2.2 Event E2 - Any symbol four times (quadruple)

p
The probability of E 2 is P(E2 ) = Lq;q;2q;3q: , where p is the
;=1

probabilities of occurrence of these symbols on the reels
respectively. For applying this formula, we must compute the
probability of event EI for each of the p symbols and add them up.
This can be done by using p times the results of the previous section
2.1.

ql ql (1.- ql4) + ql124
peE 3 ) = ql123 ql ql (1 - ql3) + ql134
ql ql (1 - ql2) + ql234
ql ql (1 - qlI)
where qll , q12, q~, qt are the basic probabilities of that symbol
occurring on the reels respectively.

;=1
where p is the number of distinct symbols of the machine and q/ are

the basic probabilities of occurrence of these symbols on the reels.
For applying this fommla, we must compute the probability of event
E3 for each of the p symbols and add them up. This can be done by
355
peE5 ) = q,q2q2q2
' 2 3 4 ' 2 3 4
+ q2q, ' 2 3 4 '2 3 4 '2 3 4
q2q2 + q2q2ql q2 + q2q2q2q, + qlq, q2q2 +
12 3 4 1 234 1 234 ' 234 ' 2 34 ' 234
+q,q2q, q2 + Q,q2q2q, + q2q, q, Q2 + q2q, q2q, + q2q2q, q, + Q2Q, Q, Q, +
'234 1234 1 234 h J h b·
+Q, Q2Q, Q, + Q, Q, Q2Q, + Ql Q, Q, Q2' were Q; are t e aSlC
probabilities of the two symbols occurring on the reels respectively.

specific symbols
P( E8) = (Q,' + Q~ + Q~ ) ( Q,2 + Qi + Q; ) ( Q,3 + Q~ + Qi)(Q: + Q~ + Q~ ) ,
where q/ are the basic probabilities of the three symbols occurring
on the reels respectively. Denoting + Q{ + Q£ , for j from 1 to
Q~ = Q(
4, we can write P(E6) = Q~Q~Q~Q~ and use the results of section 2.1.

events on a pay line.

Ql1
ql2
ql 3
ql 4
+1ql 2 3 (1
ql ql - ql4 ) + ql124(
ql ql 1 - ql3 ) + ql134
ql ql (1 - ql2 ) + ql234
ql ql (1 - qlI ) ,
where Qll, Q;, Q~, Q: are the basic probabilities of that symbol
occurring on the reels respectively.

three times
1 23 4 1 23 ( 1 4 ) 124(1
ql ql ql ql + q2q2q2 - q2 + q2q2q2 - q23 ) + q2
13 4 (1
q2q2 - q22 ) + q2q2q2
2 34(1
- q2I) '
where q( are the basic probabilities of the two symbols occurring on
the reels respectively.
356
least three times
1 23 4 [ 23 4 1 23 ( 1 4 ) 1 2 4(1
q[q[qlq[ +q2q2q2q2 +q2q2q2 -q2 +q2q2q2 -q23 ) +q2q2q2
1 3 4(1
-q22 ) +
+q~ q;q~ (1- q~ ) , where q/ are the basic probabilities of the two
symbols occurring on the reels respectively.

1 234 1 234 ]234 1234 1 234 1234
ql q] ql ql + q] q2q2q2 + q2ql q2q2 + q2q2ql q2 + q2q2q2q] + ql ql q2q2 +
1234 ]234 1 234 1234 ]234 1234
+q]q2qlq2 +q[q2q2ql +q2q]qlq2 +q2qlq2ql +q2q2q]ql +q2qlqlql +
1234 [234 ]234 h J hb'
+qlq2ql ql + qlql q2ql + qlql ql q2' were q; are t e aSlC
probabilities of the two symbols occurring on the reels respectively.

123 (1 -ql4) +qlqlql
qlqlql 124 (1 -ql3) +qlql
134 (1 2) +ql234
ql-ql ql ql (1 -qlI) +q2q2q2q2'
1 234
where q( and q£ are the basic probabilities of the first symbol

occurring on the reels respectively and of one (any) of the other
three symbols occurring on the reels respectively (q~ is the sum of
the basic probabilities of the three symbols each occurring on reel
no.j).
357
Probabilities of winning events on several paylines
I shall consider the pay lines of the regular length 4. Each

probability on a pay line of length 4 can be computed in advance by
using the results of the previous section Probabilities of winning
events on one payline of this subchapter. I shall present only case A,
as case B involves heavily overloaded probability formulas.

on the reels

horizontal lines is 4p.

lines is 4p.

9p-24p2+48 p 3-16p4.
1.4 A winning event on either or both of the diagonals

the probability of the same event occurring on either or both of the 2
diagonals is 2p.
358
lines
p (34 - 78 p + 104 p 2- 39 p 3) .
6

or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
p (34-78p+ 104p2 -39p 3).
6
1. 7 A winning event on any of the horizontal, vertical, or

diagonal lines
horizontal, vertical or diagonal lines is approximately equal to
13p-37p2+45p 3 .
1.8 A winning event on any of the left-right trapezoidal lines

the probability of the same event occurring on any ofthe 6 left-right
trapezoidal lines is approximately equal to p (26 p 2- 39 p + 16) .
3
1.9 A winning event on any of the horizontal or left-right

trapezoidal lines
horizontal or left-right trapezoidal lines is approximately equal to
p (38-111p+ 148p 2).
3
359
The next table notes the probabilities of a winning event
occurring on the various groups of several lines of a 16-reel slot
machine (occurring on any line of the group), as defined in sections
1.1 to 1.9 of the current subchapter, as a function of the probability p
of that event on one payline oflength 4, in case A. The numerical
results are either exact or approximations, according to the formulas
presented in the sections 1.1 to 1.7. The values ofp are listed in
increments 0[0.005, ranging from 0.005 to 0.05.
Table of values for the probability of a winning event on groups of several

lines of a 16-reel slot machine
Grollp 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9

of lilies
p
0.0005 0002 O.{)().4.~ 94006 0.00 1 0.0(28)0085 O.~90756 0002663-'1 8 0.00632409
0.0010 0.00. 0.0089760.8 0.002 0.005653684 0.012963045 0 .005320342 0.012629716
0.00 15 0006 0.013 ""6162 0.003 0008470808 0.019. 16902 0007970779 0.0 18916917
0.0020 0008 0 .017904 384 0.004 0 .011281472 0 .02585236 0 ,010614736 0.025 185728
0.0025 0.01 0.022350749 0,005 0.014085687 0032269453 0.0132522 19 0.03 1-136 188
0.0030 0.0 12 0.026785295 0.006 0.016883467 0.038668215 O.01 5R8323 4 0.037668332
0.0035 0.0 1. 0.03 1208056 0,007 0.01967-1826 O.~50-l8679 0.0 18507788 0,043882 199
0.0040 0.0 16 0035619068 0.008 0.022459774 005141088 0.021125888 0.050077824
0.0045 oms 0.0-«>018367 OJI09 0.025238327 0 .057754851 0 .02373754 0.056255246
0.0050 0.02 0.04·'-I·(}599 001 0.028010496 OJ)6.$.080625 0.02634275 0.06241",5
0.0055 0.022 0.04878197 1 0 .0 11 0.030776295 0 .070388237 0.02894 1525 0.068555625
0.0060 0.02-1 00531-163-17 00 12 O.033535n6 0.07667772 0.03 1533872 0.074678656
0.0065 0.026 0.057499153 0.0 13 0.036288832 0.082949108 0.034 11 9797 0.080783632
0.0070 0.028 0.061 8.0426 0.0 14 0.039035596 O.c)89202 ~ 35 0.036699306 0.086870588
0.0075 0.03 0066 170199 00 15 0 . O -lI 7760~2 0.095-13773-1 0.039272~06 0 .092939563
0.0080 0.032 O.070..J885 1 0 .1)\6 0.0-145 10 181 0.10 165504 0.041839 104 0 .098990592
0.0085 0.034 0.07-1795394 0017 0047238028 0.107854386 0.0,"399406 0 .1050237 14
0.0090 0.036 0.079090887 0 .0 18 0.0.9959593 0 . 11-1035805 0.0469533 18 0.11103896.
0.0095 0.Q38 0.083375024 0.019 0.05267-1892 0. 120 199332 0.0495008.7 0.11703638 1
0.0100 0.04 00876--1784 002 0 .055383935 0 . 126345 0 .052042 0 . 1230 16
0.0 105 0.042 0.01)1909372 0 .02 1 0.058086736 0 . 132472843 0.05-1 576783 0. 12897786
0.0110 0.0-1-1 0.096 15%5-1 0.022 0.060783309 0 . 118582895 0.057105202 0.134921996
0.0115 0.046 0 . 100398722 0.023 0.063 -173665 0 . 144675189 0.059627264 0. 1408-18447
0.0120 0.0.8 0.104626612 002. 0.066157817 0 15074976 0.062 142976 0. 146757248
0.0125 0.05 O. ION843359 0 .025 0.068835779 0. 156806641 0.064652344 0. 152648438
360
0.0130 0 .052 0 .113048999 0.026 0.071507562 0.162845865 0 .067155374 0. 158522052
0.0135 0.054 0 . 117H3567 0.027 0.074173181 0. 168867467 0 .069652073 0 .164378129
0.0140 0 .056 0 .121427097 0 .028 0 .076832646 017487148 0072142448 0.1702 16704
0.0 145 0.058 0. 12559%27 0.029 0.079485972 0. 180857938 0 .074626305 0 ,1760378 16
0.0 150 0 .06 0 .12976 119 O.oJ 0 .082 133 171 0. 186826875 0 .07710425 0.18 1841 5
0.0155 0.062 0 , 13391 1822 0.031 0.084774255 0 .192778324 0 ,07957569 0. 181627795
0.0160 0 .064 0. 138051559 0.032 0.087409238 0 . 19871232 0 .082040832 0.193396736
0.0 165 0 .066 0 .142 180436 0 .033 0 .090038132 0 .204628896 0 .084499682 0 .199148362
0.0 170 0.068 O. 146298488 0.034 0.092660949 0.2 10528085 00869522.u5 0.204882708
0.0175 0.07 0.150405749 0.035 0 .095277703 0.2 16409922 0.08939853 1 0.2 10599813
0.0180 0.072 0 .154502256 0.036 0.097888406 0.22227444 0.09 1838544 0.2 16299712
0.0185 0.074 0 .158588044 0.037 0.10049307 0.228121673 0 ,094272291 0 .221981444
0.0 190 0 .076 0 . 162663 147 O.oJ8 0 .103091709 0.233951655 0 .096699778 0 .227648044
0.01 95 0.078 0. 16672760 1 0.039 0.105684335 0.2397644 19 0.0991210 12 0.23329655 1
0.0200 0.08 0 .17078144 O.().j 0.10827096 0.2-1 556 0 .101536 0 .238928
0.0205 0.082 o 17"'8247 0.041 O. l lO!S.S 1598 0.251338431 0 .103944748 0 .24454243
0.0210 0 .084 0 . 178857416 0 .().j2 0. 11l42626 0.257099745 0 ,1063.f7262 0.250 139876
0.02 15 0 .086 0. 182879623 0.().l3 0 . 11599~96 0 .262843977 0 . 10874 3549 0155720377
0.0220 0 .088 0 .18689 1356 0 .044 0 , 118557709 0.26857116 0 .111 13J6 16 0261283968
0.0225 0.09 0.190892649 0 .045 0 . 121114 522 0.274281328 0. 113517"",69 0 .266830688
0.0230 0 .092 0 . 1'>4883539 0.().j6 0 . 123665409 0 .279974515 0. 11 5895114 0.272360572
0.0235 0 .09-' 0. 198864058 0().j7 0 . 126210384 0.285650754 0. 118266558 0 .277873659
0.0240 0 .096 0 .202834244 0 .048 o 128749459 0 .291 3 1008 0. 120631808 0283369984
0.0245 0.098 0.206794 129 0.().l9 0 . 131282648 0.296952526 0 .12299087 0 .288849586
0.0250 0. 1 0.2107"",375 0 ,05 0 . 13380996\ O.30257S125 0 .12534375 0.2943 125
0.0255 0 .102 0.214683 1-'1 0 ,05 1 0 .13633 14 12 0.308 11«)9 12 0 .127690.t55 0.299758765
0.0260 0 .1O.t 0.2186 12336 0 .052 0 .1l8847014 0 .31377892 0 .130030992 0 .305188416
0.0265 0. 106 0 .222531372 0 .053 o 141 356778 0.319354 183 0 .1l2365J67 0310601492
0.0270 0. 108 0.226440281 0 .054 0 . 1438607 18 0.3H912735 0.134693586 03 15998028
0.0275 0.11 0.230339099 0 .055 0,146358845 0 .3304 54609 0 .1370 15656 0.32 1378063
0.0280 0.112 0.234227862 0 .056 o 1-'885 1173 0.33597984 0.139331584 0.326741632
0.0285 0.11 4 0 .238106602 0,057 0151337713 0 .341.f88.t(i1 0.1416. .'1376 0 .3 32088774
0.0290 0 .116 0 .241975356 0.058 o 1538 18479 0 .346980505 0 . 1439"",5038 o 3374 195H
0.0295 0. 118 0 .245834 157 0 .059 0 .156293482 0.352456007 0 .1.t62.f2571 0.3427JJ92I
0.0300 0. 12 0.24968304 0 .06 0 .158762735 0 .357915 0 .148534 0 .348032
0.0305 0 .122 0 .253S220.f 0.061 0 . 161226251 0.363357518 0 .1508 19313 0.3533138
0.0310 0 .12-' 0.2573 51192 0 .062 0 . 16368-'041 0 .368783595 0. 153098522 0358579356
0.0315 0 .126 0.26 11 70529 0 .063 o 166136119 0 .374 193264 0 .155371634 0 .363828707
0.0320 0. 128 0.264980087 0 .06..1- o 16858H96 0 .37958656 0 . 157638656 0.36906 1888
361
0.0325 0.13 0.268779899 0.065 0,171023 186 0.38-' 9635 16 0 .159899594 0.374278938
0.0330 () 132 0.272 57000 1 0 .066 o 1134582 0.390 324165 0 . 162 154454 0.3 79479892
0.0335 0. 134 0.276350427 0.067 0.17588755 0.395668542 0.164-W3243 0.384664789
0.0340 0136 0.28012 1211 0 .068 0,1783 1125 OA0099668 0 .1666-15968 0.389833664
0.0345 0 .138 0.283882387 0.069 0.1807293 11 0.4063086 13 0 .168882635 0.394986556
0.0350 0,1 4 0.28763399 0.07 O.1831·H746 OAII6()..t375 0 1711 1325 0 .4001235
0.035 5 0 . 142 0.291376054 0 .07 1 0 . 185548567 0 .4.1 6883999 0 . 17333782 OA05244535
0.0360 01"'-' 0.295108614 0072 0.187949786 0.42214752 0175556352 0.4 10349696
0.0365 0 .146 0.298831704 0 .073 01903454 17 0.427394')7 1 0 .177768852 0.4 15439022
0. 03 70 0.148 0.302545357 0.074 O, I92735..f.7 0.·.02626385 0. 179975326 0.4 2051 2548
0.0375 o 15 0.3062-'9609 0.075 0 .195119958 0,4378-11797 0. 18217578 1 0.425570313
0.0380 0. 152 0,309944494 0.076 0.197498895 0.44)04124 0, 184370224 0.430612352
0.0385 0. 154 0.3136JOO~5 0.077 0199872291 0. ~ 8224748 0. 186558661 0.435638704
0.0390 0. 156 0 .317306297 n.078 0 .202240 159 OA53392355 O. 1 887 ~ 109 8 0.440649-'04
0.0395 0 158 0.31097328-' 0.079 0 .204602;JJ 0.458544094 0 .190917542 0.4-156<+191
0.0400 0 . 16 0.32463 104 0.08 0 .20695936 0 .46368 0 .193088 0.450624
0.0405 () 162 0.328279599 0.081 0.2093 10718 0..168800106 0 .195252-'78 0.45558797
0.0410 0 164 0.3319 18996 0.082 0.2 11 656597 O A7 39O-14~5 o 197410982 0.460.536436
0.0415 0. 166 0.3355-'9264 0.083 0.2 13997009 0.478993052 0.199563519 0.465 ~69~37
0.0420 0.168 0339170437 0084 0 .216331966 o-'S-'06596 0.20 17 10096 0 .4 70387008
0.0425 0. 17 0.)42782549 0 .0&5 0.2 1866 148 1 0.489 123203 0 .2038507 19 0.475289 188
0.0430 0.172 01-'6385635 0086 0.210985566 0.49~164 815 0 .20598539-' 0.4801760 12
0.0435 0.174 0.149979728 0087 0.223304 233 0.499 190829 0.208 1141 28 0 .4850475 19
0.0440 0. 176 0 .3 5356-4862 0.088 0.2156 17493 0.50420 128 0.210236928 0..189903744
0.0445 0. 178 0.3571 41072 O.O!W 0.22792536 0.509 196201 0 .2 123538 O.4 ~744 726
0.0450 0.18 0.36070839 0 .09 0.230227846 0.514175625 0.21446475 0.4995705
0.0455 0. 182 0.364266851 0091 0.232524962 0.5 191 39587 0.2 16569785 0.504381105
0.0460 0. 184 0.3678 16489 0 .092 0.2348 16721 0 ..524088 12 0 .2 18668912 0.5091 76576
0.0465 0.186 o.n13 57337 0 .093 0.237 103134 052902 1258 0.220762137 0.5 139569.52
0.0470 0 .188 0.374889429 0 .094 0.23938-' 2 14 0.533939035 0 .222849466 0.5 18722268
0. 0475 0.19 0.378412 799 0.Q95 0241659973 0 .538841 484 0.224930906 0.523472563
0.0480 0.192 0.38 192748 1 0 .01}6 0.243930423 0.5-'37286-' 0 .227006464 0.528207872
0.0485 0. 194 0 .385-'33509 0.097 0.246 195 576 0 .5486005 36 0 .229076 146 0.532928234
0.0490 0.196 038893091.5 0.098 02484554-'5 0553 457205 0 .23 1139958 0.537633684
0.0495 0. 198 0 .39241 9734 0 .099 0.25071004 0 .558298682 0 .233 197907 0.542324261
0.0500 0 .2 03959 0.1 0252959375 05631 25 0.23525 0547
362
Here I conclude the collection of practical applications and
numerical results for slots probabilities. I have limited it to the most
common configurations of the machines and the most common
winning events due to both space and computability heaviness. I saw
no reason for obtaining and presenting a one- or two-page formula
for just one winning event, which would be numerically computable
only with the use of a software program.
Of course, the general formulas from chapters Combinations and
Probabilities do cover all possible winning events expressed
through combinations of symbols on a payline of any slot machine.
These formulas can be used for a direct computation of any winning
probability, by inputting the parameters of the machine and of the
measured winning event.
As I have mentioned several times throughout the book, any
probability computation or even the use of a table is not possible
without knowing in advance the parameters of the slot machine
under consideration.
Although I have presented some methods of individual estimation
in the sub-chapter How to estimate the number ofstops and the
symbol distribution on a reel of the chapter The Configuration of
Slot Machines, I admit that they are difficult to put into practice by
players. Even in the absence of such data, the tables of values I have
provided in this last chapter give some information on the sought
numerical probabilities. For instance, if we do not know the exact
number of stops of the reels and the distributions of the symbols
composing a winning combination, but we have a clue as to where
they range, we can easily fmd an interval where the probability of
that winning combination ranges. With respect to a player's
own threshold of afforded risk, such an interval may be enough for
an estimation and decision.
363
364
References
Barboianu, c., Probability Guide to Gambling: The Mathematics of Dice, Slots,

Roulette, Baccarat, Blackjack, Poker, Lottery, and Sport Bets . Infarom, Craiova,
2006.
Barboianu, c., Texas Hold 'em Odds/or your Strategy, with Probability-Based
Hand Analyses. Infarom, Craiova, 20 II.
Barboianu, c., Understanding and Calculating the Odds: Probability Theory

Basics and Calculus GUide/or Beginners, with Applications in Games o/Chance
and Everyday Life. lnfarom, Craiova, 2006.
Cuculescu, I. , Teoria probabilitaJilor (Probability Theory). Bic All, Bucharest,

1998.
Harrigan, K. A. and Dixon, M., PAR Sheets, probabilities, and slot machine play:
Implications/or problem and non-problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues:
Issue 23, 2009
Titles of the same author,

discounted with 35%
on the websites
http://www.infarom.com
http://probability.infarom.ro
365
CPSJA information can be obtained al www.ICGlesting.com
Printed in the USA
BVOWI I s08 13050314
346734BVOOOIIB/5801P
11111111111111111111111111
9 789731 991405
"It is as if someone asks you to bet you can jump from
a high place and land on your feet; of course, it is an
advantage for you to know in advance the height from
which you will jump or measure it before you bet, as
you might decline the bet or propose another one for
a certain measurement and this means decision."
- Catalin Barboianu, Author
ISBN 978-973-1991-40-5

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THE MATHEMATICS OF SLOTS

Configurations, Com binations, Probabilities

Publisher: INF AROM

Copyright © INFAROM 2013

History and evolution

General description and rules

Mathematics and slots

The design of slot machines can be of any complexity with

The display of a slot machine shows the outcomes of the reels in

Definition: A Cartesian grid is the set of points in the plane

Figure 1. Cartesian grid

Definition: Two points A and B of a grid are said to be

Consequence: The set of points that are neighboring with a given

Definition: Call the set of points that are neighboring with a

A line in a grid is a finite set of points that can be connected

Figure 4. The possible paths of linking the points of a unit-square line

Statement: A fmite subset M of a grid is a line if and only if for

Consequence: A finite subset M of a grid is not a line if and only

Definition: Point A is called an isolated point of M if

Figure 5. Isolated point of a set

Definition: A line L = { AI' ~ , ... , Ar} is said to be vertical if

Definition: A line L ={AI , ~, .. . , Ar } is said to be oblique if

Definition: A line is said to be broken if it is not horizontal,

In the example from the next figure, line LI is horizontal, line L2

Figure 6. Examples of horizontal, vertical, oblique, and broken lines

Consequence: The marginal points of a set M lie on the "tightest"

Figure 7. Marginal and interior points of a set

In Figure 7, the set M= {A, B, C, D, E, F} has A, B, E, and F as

Statement: If a point is marginal for M, then it is marginal for any

Statement: If a point is interior for M, then it is interior for any

Definition: A line is called transversal for a finite set M if it is

Definition: Given two points A and B in the Cartesian grid, point

s~ and s; are two functions (transformations) on the grid (any

Statement: s; (s~ (A)) = s~ (s;(A)) for any A and B.

Definition: Given two points A and B in the grid, point C of

Statement: s;~ (s;CA)) = sB(A), that is the symmetric of A with

Figure 8. The symmetric of a point

In Figure 9, point A' is the symmetric of A with respect to the

Statement: If ~ and L2 are two lines, of which one is horizontal

In other words, if applying (composing) the symmetry

are the coordinates on the x axis of all points of LI and ~

respectively) and denote it by SL1,1~2 (A) = A" .

Observe that if A lies on the extension of ~ or L 2 , then its

Definition: A subset M of the grid is said to be horizontally

Figure 11. Symmetric sets

If extending the grid to the continuous Euclidian plane, we can

Particular lines in a rectangular grid

Definition: A finite subset R of the Cartesian grid is called

of the m lines) and:

In Figure 12, we have a 3 x 5-size rectangular grid.

The several properties of a rectangular grid that may be deduced

Horizontal lines, vertical lines, and oblique lines

The number of horizontal lines included in an m x n-size

Table of values for the number of horizontal lines in a rectangular grid

The number of vertical lines included in an m x n-size rectangular

Of all oblique lines of a m x n -size rectangular grid, 2(in - mi + 1)

Table of values for the number of transversal oblique lines in a

Definition: In an n x n-size rectangular grid (a square grid), an

Consequence: If m ;f. n, there are no diagonals in an m x n -size

The diagonals in a square grid correspond to the common

Statement: If n is odd, the two diagonals of an n x n rectangular

Figure 13. Horizontal, vertical, and oblique lines in a rectangular grid

Definition: A triangular line is a broken line L such that