Plasma Proteins

Classification & Normal Values

Sites of Formation

Functions of Plasma Proteins

Variations

Clinical Uses

Applied
 CLASSIFICATION
1. A

2. G

3. F
 NORMAL VALUES

Normal Range Average Value Percentage Molecular Mass

Total Protein g/dl g/dl
Albumin g/dl g/dl % Dalton
Globulin g/dl g/dl % Dalton
Fibrinogen g/dl g/dl % Dalton
A/G ratio
SITES OF FORMATION
1.E

2.A
 SITES OF FORMATION
1. Embryo
M___________ C____
through process of secretion
or
dissolution of their substances form Plasma Proteins.

First _________ is synthesized and rest of plasma proteins afterwards.

 SITES OF FORMATION
2. Adults
i) Albumin from Liver mainly
ii) Fibrinogen also from the Liver.
iii) Globulin 50% - 80% from Liver
i) Tissue Macrophages – α & β Globulin
ii) Plasma Cells
iii) Lymphocytes – γ Globulin
iv) Capillary Endothelial Cells
v) Interstitial Cells
FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA PROTEINS
1. COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE
2. BLOOD COAGULATION
3. TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES
4. RESERVE OF PROTEINS
5. IMMUNITY
6. BUFFER
7. VISCOSITY
8. SUSPENSION STABILITY
1. COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE
COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE
α CONCENTRATION
1/α SIZE
ALBUMIN - 69,000 D - 21.8 mm Hg (80%)
GLOBULIN - 1,40,000 D - 6.0 mm Hg (20%)
FIBRINOGEN - 4,00,000 D - 0.2 mm Hg (negligible)
TOTAL 28 mm Hg (25-30 mm Hg)
 Starling Forces
Starling Forces are
1. Hydrostatic Pressure across capillary wall
2. Colloidal Osmotic Pressure due to Plasma Proteins (25 mm Hg)
3. Hydrostatic Pressure in Interstitial Fluid (2-3 mm Hg)
4. Osmotic Pressure of Interstitial Fluid (3-4 mm Hg)
2. BLOOD COAGULATION
DAMAGE TO BLOOD VESSEL

CASCADE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

FORMATION OF PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

PROTHROMBIN -------------------→THROMBIN

FIBRINOGEN-----------------------------→ FIBRIN
3. TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES
ALBUMIN
-> THYROXINE
-> VITAMIN A
-> STEROIDS
-> FREE FATTY ACIDS
-> AMINO ACIDS
-> BILIRUBIN
-> BILE SALTS
-> DRUGS
GLOBULIN
-> TRANSCORTIN
-> CERULOPLASMIN
-> HAPTOGLOBULIN
-> TRANSFERRIN

Binding of Hormones
1. Acts as Reservoir (released at time of need)
2. Prevents Filtration of Hormones.
3. Binding decreases biological activity.
4. RESERVE OF PROTEIN

Reversible Equilibrium among Tissue Protein, Plasma Protein and Plasma Amino Acid
5. IMMUNITY
Gamma (γ) Globulin
6. BUFFER
Responsible for 15% buffering capacity of blood.
NH2- R- COOH Alkaline→ NH2- R- COO- + H+
NH2- R- COOH Acidic→ NH3+ - R – COOH
7. VISCOSITY
Less Symmetrical Molecule, Greater is the viscosity.
8. SUSPENSION STABILITY
Rouleaux Formation
FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA PROTEINS
1. COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE
2. BLOOD COAGULATION
3. TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES
4. RESERVE OF PROTEINS
5. IMMUNITY
6. BUFFER
7. VISCOSITY
8. SUSPENSION STABILITY
 VARIATIONS
• PHYSIOLOGICAL • PATHOLOGICAL
1. NEWBORN 1. CONGENITAL
2. PREGNANCY 2. ACQUIRED
a) ↓ PRODUCTION
b) ↑ LOSS
 ↓ PRODUCTION ↑ LOSS
1. STARVATION 1. HEMORRHAGE
2. MALABSORPTION SYNDROME 2. BURNS
e.g. SPRUE 3. KIDNEY DISEASE
3. LIVER DISEASE e.g. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
e.g. CIRRHOSIS
 CLINICAL USES
1. ALBUMIN
i) HYPOPROTEINEMIA
ii) PEM (Protein Energy Malnutrition)
iii) BURNS
2. CLOTTING FACTORS
HEMOPHILIA
3. IMMUNOGLOBINS
 APPLIED
OEDEMA
Plasma Proteins
Classification & Normal Values

Sites of Formation

Functions of Plasma Proteins

Variations

Clinical Uses

Applied